diff --git a/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h b/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
index 1122f50..0a31861 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
@@ -87,17 +87,17 @@
     if (skb->data_end - skb->data < len) bpf_skb_pull_data(skb, len);
 }
 
-// constants for passing in to 'bool egress'
-static const bool INGRESS = false;
-static const bool EGRESS = true;
+struct egress_bool { bool egress; };
+#define INGRESS ((struct egress_bool){ .egress = false })
+#define EGRESS ((struct egress_bool){ .egress = true })
 
 // constants for passing in to 'bool downstream'
 static const bool UPSTREAM = false;
 static const bool DOWNSTREAM = true;
 
-// constants for passing in to 'bool is_ethernet'
-static const bool RAWIP = false;
-static const bool ETHER = true;
+struct rawip_bool { bool rawip; };
+#define ETHER ((struct rawip_bool){ .rawip = false })
+#define RAWIP ((struct rawip_bool){ .rawip = true })
 
 // constants for passing in to 'bool updatetime'
 static const bool NO_UPDATETIME = false;
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
index ae63d2a..addb02f 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(clat_ingress6_map, HASH, ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value, 16, AID_SYSTEM)
 
 static inline __always_inline int nat64(struct __sk_buff* skb,
-                                        const bool is_ethernet,
+                                        const struct rawip_bool rawip,
                                         const struct kver_uint kver) {
+    const bool is_ethernet = !rawip.rawip;
+
     // Require ethernet dst mac address to be our unicast address.
     if (is_ethernet && (skb->pkt_type != PACKET_HOST)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index fc29c59..9017976 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
 #define DEFINE_UPDATE_STATS(the_stats_map, TypeOfKey)                                            \
     static __always_inline inline void update_##the_stats_map(const struct __sk_buff* const skb, \
                                                               const TypeOfKey* const key,        \
-                                                              const bool egress,                 \
+                                                              const struct egress_bool egress,   \
                                                               const struct kver_uint kver) {     \
         StatsValue* value = bpf_##the_stats_map##_lookup_elem(key);                              \
         if (!value) {                                                                            \
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
                 packets = (payload + mss - 1) / mss;                                             \
                 bytes = tcp_overhead * packets + payload;                                        \
             }                                                                                    \
-            if (egress) {                                                                        \
+            if (egress.egress) {                                                                 \
                 __sync_fetch_and_add(&value->txPackets, packets);                                \
                 __sync_fetch_and_add(&value->txBytes, bytes);                                    \
             } else {                                                                             \
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
 }
 
 static __always_inline inline void do_packet_tracing(
-        const struct __sk_buff* const skb, const bool egress, const uint32_t uid,
+        const struct __sk_buff* const skb, const struct egress_bool egress, const uint32_t uid,
         const uint32_t tag, const bool enable_tracing, const struct kver_uint kver) {
     if (!enable_tracing) return;
     if (!KVER_IS_AT_LEAST(kver, 5, 8, 0)) return;
@@ -317,8 +317,8 @@
     pkt->sport = sport;
     pkt->dport = dport;
 
-    pkt->egress = egress;
-    pkt->wakeup = !egress && (skb->mark & 0x80000000);  // Fwmark.ingress_cpu_wakeup
+    pkt->egress = egress.egress;
+    pkt->wakeup = !egress.egress && (skb->mark & 0x80000000);  // Fwmark.ingress_cpu_wakeup
     pkt->ipProto = proto;
     pkt->tcpFlags = flags;
     pkt->ipVersion = ipVersion;
@@ -326,7 +326,8 @@
     bpf_packet_trace_ringbuf_submit(pkt);
 }
 
-static __always_inline inline bool skip_owner_match(struct __sk_buff* skb, bool egress,
+static __always_inline inline bool skip_owner_match(struct __sk_buff* skb,
+                                                    const struct egress_bool egress,
                                                     const struct kver_uint kver) {
     uint32_t flag = 0;
     if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP)) {
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@
         return false;
     }
     // Always allow RST's, and additionally allow ingress FINs
-    return flag & (TCP_FLAG_RST | (egress ? 0 : TCP_FLAG_FIN));  // false on read failure
+    return flag & (TCP_FLAG_RST | (egress.egress ? 0 : TCP_FLAG_FIN));  // false on read failure
 }
 
 static __always_inline inline BpfConfig getConfig(uint32_t configKey) {
@@ -401,7 +402,8 @@
 }
 
 static __always_inline inline int bpf_owner_match(struct __sk_buff* skb, uint32_t uid,
-                                                  bool egress, const struct kver_uint kver) {
+                                                  const struct egress_bool egress,
+                                                  const struct kver_uint kver) {
     if (is_system_uid(uid)) return PASS;
 
     if (skip_owner_match(skb, egress, kver)) return PASS;
@@ -414,7 +416,7 @@
 
     if (isBlockedByUidRules(enabledRules, uidRules)) return DROP;
 
-    if (!egress && skb->ifindex != 1) {
+    if (!egress.egress && skb->ifindex != 1) {
         if (ingress_should_discard(skb, kver)) return DROP;
         if (uidRules & IIF_MATCH) {
             if (allowed_iif && skb->ifindex != allowed_iif) {
@@ -434,7 +436,7 @@
 static __always_inline inline void update_stats_with_config(const uint32_t selectedMap,
                                                             const struct __sk_buff* const skb,
                                                             const StatsKey* const key,
-                                                            const bool egress,
+                                                            const struct egress_bool egress,
                                                             const struct kver_uint kver) {
     if (selectedMap == SELECT_MAP_A) {
         update_stats_map_A(skb, key, egress, kver);
@@ -443,7 +445,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-static __always_inline inline int bpf_traffic_account(struct __sk_buff* skb, bool egress,
+static __always_inline inline int bpf_traffic_account(struct __sk_buff* skb,
+                                                      const struct egress_bool egress,
                                                       const bool enable_tracing,
                                                       const struct kver_uint kver) {
     uint32_t sock_uid = bpf_get_socket_uid(skb);
@@ -462,7 +465,7 @@
     // interface is accounted for and subject to usage restrictions.
     // CLAT IPv6 TX sockets are *always* tagged with CLAT uid, see tagSocketAsClat()
     // CLAT daemon receives via an untagged AF_PACKET socket.
-    if (egress && uid == AID_CLAT) return PASS;
+    if (egress.egress && uid == AID_CLAT) return PASS;
 
     int match = bpf_owner_match(skb, sock_uid, egress, kver);
 
@@ -478,7 +481,7 @@
     }
 
     // If an outbound packet is going to be dropped, we do not count that traffic.
-    if (egress && (match == DROP)) return DROP;
+    if (egress.egress && (match == DROP)) return DROP;
 
     StatsKey key = {.uid = uid, .tag = tag, .counterSet = 0, .ifaceIndex = skb->ifindex};
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
index 0aab777..3682ac5 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -124,8 +124,12 @@
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_upstream6_map, HASH, TetherUpstream6Key, Tether6Value, 64,
                    TETHERING_GID)
 
-static inline __always_inline int do_forward6(struct __sk_buff* skb, const bool is_ethernet,
-        const bool downstream, const struct kver_uint kver) {
+static inline __always_inline int do_forward6(struct __sk_buff* skb,
+                                              const struct rawip_bool rawip,
+                                              const bool downstream,
+                                              const struct kver_uint kver) {
+    const bool is_ethernet = !rawip.rawip;
+
     // Must be meta-ethernet IPv6 frame
     if (skb->protocol != htons(ETH_P_IPV6)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
 
@@ -356,9 +360,10 @@
 
 static inline __always_inline int do_forward4_bottom(struct __sk_buff* skb,
         const int l2_header_size, void* data, const void* data_end,
-        struct ethhdr* eth, struct iphdr* ip, const bool is_ethernet,
+        struct ethhdr* eth, struct iphdr* ip, const struct rawip_bool rawip,
         const bool downstream, const bool updatetime, const bool is_tcp,
         const struct kver_uint kver) {
+    const bool is_ethernet = !rawip.rawip;
     struct tcphdr* tcph = is_tcp ? (void*)(ip + 1) : NULL;
     struct udphdr* udph = is_tcp ? NULL : (void*)(ip + 1);
 
@@ -547,8 +552,13 @@
     return bpf_redirect(v->oif, 0 /* this is effectively BPF_F_EGRESS */);
 }
 
-static inline __always_inline int do_forward4(struct __sk_buff* skb, const bool is_ethernet,
-        const bool downstream, const bool updatetime, const struct kver_uint kver) {
+static inline __always_inline int do_forward4(struct __sk_buff* skb,
+                                              const struct rawip_bool rawip,
+                                              const bool downstream,
+                                              const bool updatetime,
+                                              const struct kver_uint kver) {
+    const bool is_ethernet = !rawip.rawip;
+
     // Require ethernet dst mac address to be our unicast address.
     if (is_ethernet && (skb->pkt_type != PACKET_HOST)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
 
@@ -636,10 +646,10 @@
     // if the underlying requisite kernel support (bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns) was backported.
     if (is_tcp) {
       return do_forward4_bottom(skb, l2_header_size, data, data_end, eth, ip,
-                                is_ethernet, downstream, updatetime, /* is_tcp */ true, kver);
+                                rawip, downstream, updatetime, /* is_tcp */ true, kver);
     } else {
       return do_forward4_bottom(skb, l2_header_size, data, data_end, eth, ip,
-                                is_ethernet, downstream, updatetime, /* is_tcp */ false, kver);
+                                rawip, downstream, updatetime, /* is_tcp */ false, kver);
     }
 }
 
@@ -797,12 +807,12 @@
 
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_dev_map, DEVMAP_HASH, uint32_t, uint32_t, 64, TETHERING_GID)
 
-static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward6(struct xdp_md *ctx, const bool is_ethernet,
+static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward6(struct xdp_md *ctx, const struct rawip_bool rawip,
         const bool downstream) {
     return XDP_PASS;
 }
 
-static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward4(struct xdp_md *ctx, const bool is_ethernet,
+static inline __always_inline int do_xdp_forward4(struct xdp_md *ctx, const struct rawip_bool rawip,
         const bool downstream) {
     return XDP_PASS;
 }