diff --git a/core/java/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java b/core/java/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
index c443c75..18467fa 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/CaptivePortalData.java
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@
     private final long mByteLimit;
     private final long mExpiryTimeMillis;
     private final boolean mCaptive;
+    private final String mVenueFriendlyName;
 
     private CaptivePortalData(long refreshTimeMillis, Uri userPortalUrl, Uri venueInfoUrl,
-            boolean isSessionExtendable, long byteLimit, long expiryTimeMillis, boolean captive) {
+            boolean isSessionExtendable, long byteLimit, long expiryTimeMillis, boolean captive,
+            String venueFriendlyName) {
         mRefreshTimeMillis = refreshTimeMillis;
         mUserPortalUrl = userPortalUrl;
         mVenueInfoUrl = venueInfoUrl;
@@ -49,11 +51,12 @@
         mByteLimit = byteLimit;
         mExpiryTimeMillis = expiryTimeMillis;
         mCaptive = captive;
+        mVenueFriendlyName = venueFriendlyName;
     }
 
     private CaptivePortalData(Parcel p) {
         this(p.readLong(), p.readParcelable(null), p.readParcelable(null), p.readBoolean(),
-                p.readLong(), p.readLong(), p.readBoolean());
+                p.readLong(), p.readLong(), p.readBoolean(), p.readString());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -70,6 +73,7 @@
         dest.writeLong(mByteLimit);
         dest.writeLong(mExpiryTimeMillis);
         dest.writeBoolean(mCaptive);
+        dest.writeString(mVenueFriendlyName);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@
         private long mBytesRemaining = -1;
         private long mExpiryTime = -1;
         private boolean mCaptive;
+        private String mVenueFriendlyName;
 
         /**
          * Create an empty builder.
@@ -100,7 +105,8 @@
                     .setSessionExtendable(data.mIsSessionExtendable)
                     .setBytesRemaining(data.mByteLimit)
                     .setExpiryTime(data.mExpiryTimeMillis)
-                    .setCaptive(data.mCaptive);
+                    .setCaptive(data.mCaptive)
+                    .setVenueFriendlyName(data.mVenueFriendlyName);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -167,12 +173,22 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Set the venue friendly name.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setVenueFriendlyName(@Nullable String venueFriendlyName) {
+            mVenueFriendlyName = venueFriendlyName;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Create a new {@link CaptivePortalData}.
          */
         @NonNull
         public CaptivePortalData build() {
             return new CaptivePortalData(mRefreshTime, mUserPortalUrl, mVenueInfoUrl,
-                    mIsSessionExtendable, mBytesRemaining, mExpiryTime, mCaptive);
+                    mIsSessionExtendable, mBytesRemaining, mExpiryTime, mCaptive,
+                    mVenueFriendlyName);
         }
     }
 
@@ -232,6 +248,14 @@
         return mCaptive;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the venue friendly name
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getVenueFriendlyName() {
+        return mVenueFriendlyName;
+    }
+
     @NonNull
     public static final Creator<CaptivePortalData> CREATOR = new Creator<CaptivePortalData>() {
         @Override
@@ -248,7 +272,7 @@
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
         return Objects.hash(mRefreshTimeMillis, mUserPortalUrl, mVenueInfoUrl,
-                mIsSessionExtendable, mByteLimit, mExpiryTimeMillis, mCaptive);
+                mIsSessionExtendable, mByteLimit, mExpiryTimeMillis, mCaptive, mVenueFriendlyName);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -261,7 +285,8 @@
                 && mIsSessionExtendable == other.mIsSessionExtendable
                 && mByteLimit == other.mByteLimit
                 && mExpiryTimeMillis == other.mExpiryTimeMillis
-                && mCaptive == other.mCaptive;
+                && mCaptive == other.mCaptive
+                && Objects.equals(mVenueFriendlyName, other.mVenueFriendlyName);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -274,6 +299,7 @@
                 + ", byteLimit: " + mByteLimit
                 + ", expiryTime: " + mExpiryTimeMillis
                 + ", captive: " + mCaptive
+                + ", venueFriendlyName: " + mVenueFriendlyName
                 + "}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 1a37fb9..8597329 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -171,6 +171,8 @@
             NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
             NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
             NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
     })
     public @interface NetCapability { }
 
@@ -357,8 +359,26 @@
     @SystemApi
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE = 26;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates this is an internal vehicle network, meant to communicate with other
+     * automotive systems.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL = 27;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is not managed by a Virtual Carrier Network (VCN).
+     *
+     * TODO(b/177299683): Add additional clarifying javadoc.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED = 28;
+
     private static final int MIN_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
-    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE;
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
@@ -375,7 +395,8 @@
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are not allowed in NetworkRequests. This exists because the
@@ -384,16 +405,22 @@
      * can get into a cycle where the NetworkFactory endlessly churns out NetworkAgents that then
      * get immediately torn down because they do not have the requested capability.
      */
+    // Note that as a historical exception, the TRUSTED and NOT_VCN_MANAGED capabilities
+    // are mutable but requestable. Factories are responsible for not getting
+    // in an infinite loop about these.
     private static final long NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES =
-            MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES & ~(1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
+            MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES
+            & ~(1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            & ~(1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that are set by default when the object is constructed.
      */
     private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that suggest that a network is restricted.
@@ -401,15 +428,16 @@
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
     /* package */ static final long RESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_DUN) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IA) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IMS) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_RCS) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP) |
-            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_MCX);
+            (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_DUN)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IA)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_IMS)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_MCX)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_RCS)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP);
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that force network to be restricted.
@@ -452,7 +480,8 @@
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
 
     /**
      * Adds the given capability to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
@@ -1939,6 +1968,8 @@
             case NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY: return "PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED:    return "TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE:          return "OEM_PRIVATE";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL:     return "NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED:      return "NOT_VCN_MANAGED";
             default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index dc16d74..f0c637c 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -40,6 +40,18 @@
  */
 public class NetworkRequest implements Parcelable {
     /**
+     * The first requestId value that will be allocated.
+     * @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
+     */
+    public static final int FIRST_REQUEST_ID = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The requestId value that represents the absence of a request.
+     * @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
+     */
+    public static final int REQUEST_ID_NONE = -1;
+
+    /**
      * The {@link NetworkCapabilities} that define this request.
      * @hide
      */
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index a26f715..c8f3bd3 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "libservice-connectivity-defaults",
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libservice-connectivity",
     // TODO: build against the NDK (sdk_version: "30" for example)
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp",
         "jni/com_android_server_connectivity_Vpn.cpp",
+        "jni/onload.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
@@ -35,27 +36,11 @@
         // addresses, and remove dependency on libnetutils.
         "libnetutils",
     ],
-}
-
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libservice-connectivity",
-    defaults: ["libservice-connectivity-defaults"],
-    srcs: [
-        "jni/onload.cpp",
-    ],
     apex_available: [
-        // TODO: move this library to the tethering APEX and remove libservice-connectivity-static
-        // "com.android.tethering",
+        "com.android.tethering",
     ],
 }
 
-// Static library linked into libservices.core until libservice-connectivity can be loaded from
-// the tethering APEX instead.
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "libservice-connectivity-static",
-    defaults: ["libservice-connectivity-defaults"],
-}
-
 java_library {
     name: "service-connectivity",
     srcs: [
@@ -75,5 +60,6 @@
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.tethering",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 7ebc345..a330a74 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -56,12 +56,14 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.uidRulesToString;
 import static android.net.shared.NetworkMonitorUtils.isPrivateDnsValidationRequired;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
+import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
 import static java.util.Map.Entry;
 
 import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.BoolRes;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
@@ -87,7 +89,6 @@
 import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
 import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.IDnsResolver;
-import android.net.IIpConnectivityMetrics;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkManagementEventObserver;
 import android.net.INetworkMonitor;
@@ -154,7 +155,6 @@
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.os.ServiceManager;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
     private LingerMonitor mLingerMonitor;
 
     // sequence number of NetworkRequests
-    private int mNextNetworkRequestId = 1;
+    private int mNextNetworkRequestId = NetworkRequest.FIRST_REQUEST_ID;
 
     // Sequence number for NetworkProvider IDs.
     private final AtomicInteger mNextNetworkProviderId = new AtomicInteger(
@@ -927,14 +927,6 @@
                     "no IpConnectivityMetrics service");
         }
 
-        /**
-         * @see IpConnectivityMetrics
-         */
-        public IIpConnectivityMetrics getIpConnectivityMetrics() {
-            return IIpConnectivityMetrics.Stub.asInterface(
-                    ServiceManager.getService(IpConnectivityLog.SERVICE_NAME));
-        }
-
         public IBatteryStats getBatteryStatsService() {
             return BatteryStatsService.getService();
         }
@@ -973,6 +965,10 @@
         mDefaultWifiRequest = createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
                 NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI, NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST);
 
+        mDefaultVehicleRequest = createAlwaysOnRequestForCapability(
+                NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VEHICLE_INTERNAL,
+                NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST);
+
         mHandlerThread = mDeps.makeHandlerThread();
         mHandlerThread.start();
         mHandler = new InternalHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
@@ -1172,6 +1168,15 @@
         return new NetworkRequest(netCap, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(), type);
     }
 
+    private NetworkRequest createAlwaysOnRequestForCapability(int capability,
+            NetworkRequest.Type type) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities netCap = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        netCap.clearAll();
+        netCap.addCapability(capability);
+        netCap.setRequestorUidAndPackageName(Process.myUid(), mContext.getPackageName());
+        return new NetworkRequest(netCap, TYPE_NONE, nextNetworkRequestId(), type);
+    }
+
     // Used only for testing.
     // TODO: Delete this and either:
     // 1. Give FakeSettingsProvider the ability to send settings change notifications (requires
@@ -1189,10 +1194,19 @@
         mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED);
     }
 
+    private void handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest, @BoolRes int id) {
+        final boolean enable = mContext.getResources().getBoolean(id);
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(networkRequest, enable);
+    }
+
     private void handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(
             NetworkRequest networkRequest, String settingName, boolean defaultValue) {
         final boolean enable = toBool(Settings.Global.getInt(
                 mContext.getContentResolver(), settingName, encodeBool(defaultValue)));
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(networkRequest, enable);
+    }
+
+    private void handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest, boolean enable) {
         final boolean isEnabled = (mNetworkRequests.get(networkRequest) != null);
         if (enable == isEnabled) {
             return;  // Nothing to do.
@@ -1209,9 +1223,11 @@
 
     private void handleConfigureAlwaysOnNetworks() {
         handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(
-                mDefaultMobileDataRequest,Settings.Global.MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, true);
+                mDefaultMobileDataRequest, Settings.Global.MOBILE_DATA_ALWAYS_ON, true);
         handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(mDefaultWifiRequest, Settings.Global.WIFI_ALWAYS_REQUESTED,
                 false);
+        handleAlwaysOnNetworkRequest(mDefaultVehicleRequest,
+                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_vehicleInternalNetworkAlwaysRequested);
     }
 
     private void registerSettingsCallbacks() {
@@ -1238,6 +1254,8 @@
     }
 
     private synchronized int nextNetworkRequestId() {
+        // TODO: Consider handle wrapping and exclude {@link NetworkRequest#REQUEST_ID_NONE} if
+        //  doing that.
         return mNextNetworkRequestId++;
     }
 
@@ -1329,15 +1347,20 @@
     /**
      * Check if UID should be blocked from using the specified network.
      */
-    private boolean isNetworkWithLinkPropertiesBlocked(LinkProperties lp, int uid,
-            boolean ignoreBlocked) {
+    private boolean isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(@Nullable final NetworkCapabilities nc,
+            final int uid, final boolean ignoreBlocked) {
         // Networks aren't blocked when ignoring blocked status
         if (ignoreBlocked) {
             return false;
         }
         if (isUidBlockedByVpn(uid, mVpnBlockedUidRanges)) return true;
-        final String iface = (lp == null ? "" : lp.getInterfaceName());
-        return mPolicyManagerInternal.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, iface);
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            final boolean metered = nc == null ? true : nc.isMetered();
+            return mPolicyManager.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
     }
 
     private void maybeLogBlockedNetworkInfo(NetworkInfo ni, int uid) {
@@ -1375,12 +1398,13 @@
     /**
      * Apply any relevant filters to {@link NetworkState} for the given UID. For
      * example, this may mark the network as {@link DetailedState#BLOCKED} based
-     * on {@link #isNetworkWithLinkPropertiesBlocked}.
+     * on {@link #isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked}.
      */
     private void filterNetworkStateForUid(NetworkState state, int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) {
         if (state == null || state.networkInfo == null || state.linkProperties == null) return;
 
-        if (isNetworkWithLinkPropertiesBlocked(state.linkProperties, uid, ignoreBlocked)) {
+        if (isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(state.networkCapabilities, uid,
+                ignoreBlocked)) {
             state.networkInfo.setDetailedState(DetailedState.BLOCKED, null, null);
         }
         synchronized (mVpns) {
@@ -1440,8 +1464,8 @@
             }
         }
         nai = getDefaultNetwork();
-        if (nai != null
-                && isNetworkWithLinkPropertiesBlocked(nai.linkProperties, uid, ignoreBlocked)) {
+        if (nai != null && isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(
+                nai.networkCapabilities, uid, ignoreBlocked)) {
             nai = null;
         }
         return nai != null ? nai.network : null;
@@ -1513,7 +1537,7 @@
         enforceAccessPermission();
         final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
         NetworkState state = getFilteredNetworkState(networkType, uid);
-        if (!isNetworkWithLinkPropertiesBlocked(state.linkProperties, uid, false)) {
+        if (!isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(state.networkCapabilities, uid, false)) {
             return state.network;
         }
         return null;
@@ -2965,7 +2989,7 @@
                 case EVENT_CAPPORT_DATA_CHANGED: {
                     final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(msg.arg2);
                     if (nai == null) break;
-                    handleCaptivePortalDataUpdate(nai, (CaptivePortalData) msg.obj);
+                    handleCapportApiDataUpdate(nai, (CaptivePortalData) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -2991,9 +3015,7 @@
             }
             if (valid != nai.lastValidated) {
                 if (wasDefault) {
-                    mDeps.getMetricsLogger()
-                            .defaultNetworkMetrics().logDefaultNetworkValidity(
-                            SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), valid);
+                    mMetricsLog.logDefaultNetworkValidity(valid);
                 }
                 final int oldScore = nai.getCurrentScore();
                 nai.lastValidated = valid;
@@ -3305,9 +3327,9 @@
         handleUpdateLinkProperties(nai, new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties));
     }
 
-    private void handleCaptivePortalDataUpdate(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+    private void handleCapportApiDataUpdate(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo nai,
             @Nullable final CaptivePortalData data) {
-        nai.captivePortalData = data;
+        nai.capportApiData = data;
         // CaptivePortalData will be merged into LinkProperties from NetworkAgentInfo
         handleUpdateLinkProperties(nai, new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties));
     }
@@ -3421,7 +3443,9 @@
             // if there is a fallback. Taken together, the two form a X -> 0, 0 -> Y sequence
             // whose timestamps tell how long it takes to recover a default network.
             long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
-            mDeps.getMetricsLogger().defaultNetworkMetrics().logDefaultNetworkEvent(now, null, nai);
+            mMetricsLog.logDefaultNetworkEvent(null, 0, false,
+                    null /* lp */, null /* nc */, nai.network, nai.getCurrentScore(),
+                    nai.linkProperties, nai.networkCapabilities);
         }
         notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
         // TODO - we shouldn't send CALLBACK_LOST to requests that can be satisfied
@@ -4487,7 +4511,8 @@
         if (!nai.everConnected) {
             return;
         }
-        if (isNetworkWithLinkPropertiesBlocked(nai.linkProperties, uid, false)) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(nai);
+        if (isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(nc, uid, false)) {
             return;
         }
         nai.networkMonitor().forceReevaluation(uid);
@@ -5972,6 +5997,9 @@
     // priority networks like ethernet are active.
     private final NetworkRequest mDefaultWifiRequest;
 
+    // Request used to optionally keep vehicle internal network always active
+    private final NetworkRequest mDefaultVehicleRequest;
+
     private NetworkAgentInfo getDefaultNetwork() {
         return mDefaultNetworkNai;
     }
@@ -6111,6 +6139,7 @@
     private void processLinkPropertiesFromAgent(NetworkAgentInfo nai, LinkProperties lp) {
         lp.ensureDirectlyConnectedRoutes();
         nai.clatd.setNat64PrefixFromRa(lp.getNat64Prefix());
+        nai.networkAgentPortalData = lp.getCaptivePortalData();
     }
 
     private void updateLinkProperties(NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, LinkProperties newLp,
@@ -6154,9 +6183,11 @@
 
         updateWakeOnLan(newLp);
 
-        // Captive portal data is obtained from NetworkMonitor and stored in NetworkAgentInfo,
-        // it is not contained in LinkProperties sent from NetworkAgents so needs to be merged here.
-        newLp.setCaptivePortalData(networkAgent.captivePortalData);
+        // Captive portal data is obtained from NetworkMonitor and stored in NetworkAgentInfo.
+        // It is not always contained in the LinkProperties sent from NetworkAgents, and if it
+        // does, it needs to be merged here.
+        newLp.setCaptivePortalData(mergeCaptivePortalData(networkAgent.networkAgentPortalData,
+                networkAgent.capportApiData));
 
         // TODO - move this check to cover the whole function
         if (!Objects.equals(newLp, oldLp)) {
@@ -6176,6 +6207,57 @@
         mKeepaliveTracker.handleCheckKeepalivesStillValid(networkAgent);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param naData captive portal data from NetworkAgent
+     * @param apiData captive portal data from capport API
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private CaptivePortalData mergeCaptivePortalData(CaptivePortalData naData,
+            CaptivePortalData apiData) {
+        if (naData == null || apiData == null) {
+            return naData == null ? apiData : naData;
+        }
+        final CaptivePortalData.Builder captivePortalBuilder =
+                new CaptivePortalData.Builder(naData);
+
+        if (apiData.isCaptive()) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setCaptive(true);
+        }
+        if (apiData.isSessionExtendable()) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setSessionExtendable(true);
+        }
+        if (apiData.getExpiryTimeMillis() >= 0 || apiData.getByteLimit() >= 0) {
+            // Expiry time, bytes remaining, refresh time all need to come from the same source,
+            // otherwise data would be inconsistent. Prefer the capport API info if present,
+            // as it can generally be refreshed more often.
+            captivePortalBuilder.setExpiryTime(apiData.getExpiryTimeMillis());
+            captivePortalBuilder.setBytesRemaining(apiData.getByteLimit());
+            captivePortalBuilder.setRefreshTime(apiData.getRefreshTimeMillis());
+        } else if (naData.getExpiryTimeMillis() < 0 && naData.getByteLimit() < 0) {
+            // No source has time / bytes remaining information: surface the newest refresh time
+            // for other fields
+            captivePortalBuilder.setRefreshTime(
+                    Math.max(naData.getRefreshTimeMillis(), apiData.getRefreshTimeMillis()));
+        }
+
+        // Prioritize the user portal URL from the network agent.
+        if (apiData.getUserPortalUrl() != null && (naData.getUserPortalUrl() == null
+                || TextUtils.isEmpty(naData.getUserPortalUrl().toSafeString()))) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setUserPortalUrl(apiData.getUserPortalUrl());
+        }
+        // Prioritize the venue information URL from the network agent.
+        if (apiData.getVenueInfoUrl() != null && (naData.getVenueInfoUrl() == null
+                || TextUtils.isEmpty(naData.getVenueInfoUrl().toSafeString()))) {
+            captivePortalBuilder.setVenueInfoUrl(apiData.getVenueInfoUrl());
+
+            // Note that venue friendly name can only come from the network agent because it is not
+            // in use in RFC8908. However, if using the Capport venue URL, make sure that the
+            // friendly name is not set from the network agent.
+            captivePortalBuilder.setVenueFriendlyName(null);
+        }
+        return captivePortalBuilder.build();
+    }
+
     private void wakeupModifyInterface(String iface, NetworkCapabilities caps, boolean add) {
         // Marks are only available on WiFi interfaces. Checking for
         // marks on unsupported interfaces is harmless.
@@ -6682,6 +6764,39 @@
         return stableRanges;
     }
 
+    private void maybeCloseSockets(NetworkAgentInfo nai, UidRangeParcel[] ranges,
+            int[] exemptUids) {
+        if (nai.isVPN() && !nai.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass) {
+            try {
+                mNetd.socketDestroy(ranges, exemptUids);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                loge("Exception in socket destroy: ", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateUidRanges(boolean add, NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> uidRanges) {
+        int[] exemptUids = new int[2];
+        // TODO: Excluding VPN_UID is necessary in order to not to kill the TCP connection used
+        // by PPTP. Fix this by making Vpn set the owner UID to VPN_UID instead of system when
+        // starting a legacy VPN, and remove VPN_UID here. (b/176542831)
+        exemptUids[0] = VPN_UID;
+        exemptUids[1] = nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid();
+        UidRangeParcel[] ranges = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRanges);
+
+        maybeCloseSockets(nai, ranges, exemptUids);
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mNetd.networkAddUidRanges(nai.network.netId, ranges);
+            } else {
+                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRanges(nai.network.netId, ranges);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            loge("Exception while " + (add ? "adding" : "removing") + " uid ranges " + uidRanges +
+                    " on netId " + nai.network.netId + ". " + e);
+        }
+        maybeCloseSockets(nai, ranges, exemptUids);
+    }
 
     private void updateUids(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities prevNc,
             NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
@@ -6701,12 +6816,21 @@
             // in both ranges are not subject to any VPN routing rules. Adding new range before
             // removing old range works because, unlike the filtering rules below, it's possible to
             // add duplicate UID routing rules.
+            // TODO: calculate the intersection of add & remove. Imagining that we are trying to
+            // remove uid 3 from a set containing 1-5. Intersection of the prev and new sets is:
+            //   [1-5] & [1-2],[4-5] == [3]
+            // Then we can do:
+            //   maybeCloseSockets([3])
+            //   mNetd.networkAddUidRanges([1-2],[4-5])
+            //   mNetd.networkRemoveUidRanges([1-5])
+            //   maybeCloseSockets([3])
+            // This can prevent the sockets of uid 1-2, 4-5 from being closed. It also reduce the
+            // number of binder calls from 6 to 4.
             if (!newRanges.isEmpty()) {
-                mNetd.networkAddUidRanges(nai.network.netId, toUidRangeStableParcels(newRanges));
+                updateUidRanges(true, nai, newRanges);
             }
             if (!prevRanges.isEmpty()) {
-                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRanges(
-                        nai.network.netId, toUidRangeStableParcels(prevRanges));
+                updateUidRanges(false, nai, prevRanges);
             }
             final boolean wasFiltering = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, prevNc, nai.linkProperties);
             final boolean shouldFilter = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, newNc, nai.linkProperties);
@@ -7081,11 +7205,11 @@
                     log("   accepting network in place of " + previousSatisfier.toShortString());
                 }
                 previousSatisfier.removeRequest(nri.request.requestId);
-                previousSatisfier.lingerRequest(nri.request, now, mLingerDelayMs);
+                previousSatisfier.lingerRequest(nri.request.requestId, now, mLingerDelayMs);
             } else {
                 if (VDBG || DDBG) log("   accepting network in place of null");
             }
-            newSatisfier.unlingerRequest(nri.request);
+            newSatisfier.unlingerRequest(nri.request.requestId);
             if (!newSatisfier.addRequest(nri.request)) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "BUG: " + newSatisfier.toShortString() + " already has "
                         + nri.request);
@@ -7174,9 +7298,28 @@
             updateDataActivityTracking(newDefaultNetwork, oldDefaultNetwork);
             // Notify system services of the new default.
             makeDefault(newDefaultNetwork);
+
             // Log 0 -> X and Y -> X default network transitions, where X is the new default.
-            mDeps.getMetricsLogger().defaultNetworkMetrics().logDefaultNetworkEvent(
-                    now, newDefaultNetwork, oldDefaultNetwork);
+            final Network network = (newDefaultNetwork != null) ? newDefaultNetwork.network : null;
+            final int score = (newDefaultNetwork != null) ? newDefaultNetwork.getCurrentScore() : 0;
+            final boolean validated = newDefaultNetwork != null && newDefaultNetwork.lastValidated;
+            final LinkProperties lp = (newDefaultNetwork != null)
+                    ? newDefaultNetwork.linkProperties : null;
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = (newDefaultNetwork != null)
+                    ? newDefaultNetwork.networkCapabilities : null;
+
+            final Network prevNetwork = (oldDefaultNetwork != null)
+                    ? oldDefaultNetwork.network : null;
+            final int prevScore = (oldDefaultNetwork != null)
+                    ? oldDefaultNetwork.getCurrentScore() : 0;
+            final LinkProperties prevLp = (oldDefaultNetwork != null)
+                    ? oldDefaultNetwork.linkProperties : null;
+            final NetworkCapabilities prevNc = (oldDefaultNetwork != null)
+                    ? oldDefaultNetwork.networkCapabilities : null;
+
+            mMetricsLog.logDefaultNetworkEvent(network, score, validated, lp, nc,
+                    prevNetwork, prevScore, prevLp, prevNc);
+
             // Have a new default network, release the transition wakelock in
             scheduleReleaseNetworkTransitionWakelock();
         }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceInitializer.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceInitializer.java
index f701688..0779f71 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceInitializer.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceInitializer.java
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 
     public ConnectivityServiceInitializer(Context context) {
         super(context);
+        // Load JNI libraries used by ConnectivityService and its dependencies
+        System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
         // TODO: Define formal APIs to get the needed services.
         mConnectivity = new ConnectivityService(context, getNetworkManagementService(),
                 getNetworkStatsService());
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
index e8687e5..a08d066 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@
         nc.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST);
         nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
         nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+        nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
         nc.setNetworkSpecifier(new StringNetworkSpecifier(iface));
         nc.setAdministratorUids(administratorUids);
         if (!isMetered) {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 7bde4d5..b0a73f1 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -189,41 +189,46 @@
     // Set to true when partial connectivity was detected.
     public boolean partialConnectivity;
 
-    // Captive portal info of the network, if any.
+    // Captive portal info of the network from RFC8908, if any.
     // Obtained by ConnectivityService and merged into NetworkAgent-provided information.
-    public CaptivePortalData captivePortalData;
+    public CaptivePortalData capportApiData;
 
     // The UID of the remote entity that created this Network.
     public final int creatorUid;
 
+    // Network agent portal info of the network, if any. This information is provided from
+    // non-RFC8908 sources, such as Wi-Fi Passpoint, which can provide information such as Venue
+    // URL, Terms & Conditions URL, and network friendly name.
+    public CaptivePortalData networkAgentPortalData;
+
     // Networks are lingered when they become unneeded as a result of their NetworkRequests being
     // satisfied by a higher-scoring network. so as to allow communication to wrap up before the
     // network is taken down.  This usually only happens to the default network. Lingering ends with
     // either the linger timeout expiring and the network being taken down, or the network
     // satisfying a request again.
     public static class LingerTimer implements Comparable<LingerTimer> {
-        public final NetworkRequest request;
+        public final int requestId;
         public final long expiryMs;
 
-        public LingerTimer(NetworkRequest request, long expiryMs) {
-            this.request = request;
+        public LingerTimer(int requestId, long expiryMs) {
+            this.requestId = requestId;
             this.expiryMs = expiryMs;
         }
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (!(o instanceof LingerTimer)) return false;
             LingerTimer other = (LingerTimer) o;
-            return (request.requestId == other.request.requestId) && (expiryMs == other.expiryMs);
+            return (requestId == other.requestId) && (expiryMs == other.expiryMs);
         }
         public int hashCode() {
-            return Objects.hash(request.requestId, expiryMs);
+            return Objects.hash(requestId, expiryMs);
         }
         public int compareTo(LingerTimer other) {
             return (expiryMs != other.expiryMs) ?
                     Long.compare(expiryMs, other.expiryMs) :
-                    Integer.compare(request.requestId, other.request.requestId);
+                    Integer.compare(requestId, other.requestId);
         }
         public String toString() {
-            return String.format("%s, expires %dms", request.toString(),
+            return String.format("%s, expires %dms", requestId,
                     expiryMs - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
         }
     }
@@ -693,7 +698,7 @@
         updateRequestCounts(REMOVE, existing);
         mNetworkRequests.remove(requestId);
         if (existing.isRequest()) {
-            unlingerRequest(existing);
+            unlingerRequest(existing.requestId);
         }
     }
 
@@ -839,33 +844,33 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the specified request to linger on this network for the specified time. Called by
+     * Sets the specified requestId to linger on this network for the specified time. Called by
      * ConnectivityService when the request is moved to another network with a higher score.
      */
-    public void lingerRequest(NetworkRequest request, long now, long duration) {
-        if (mLingerTimerForRequest.get(request.requestId) != null) {
+    public void lingerRequest(int requestId, long now, long duration) {
+        if (mLingerTimerForRequest.get(requestId) != null) {
             // Cannot happen. Once a request is lingering on a particular network, we cannot
             // re-linger it unless that network becomes the best for that request again, in which
             // case we should have unlingered it.
-            Log.wtf(TAG, toShortString() + ": request " + request.requestId + " already lingered");
+            Log.wtf(TAG, toShortString() + ": request " + requestId + " already lingered");
         }
         final long expiryMs = now + duration;
-        LingerTimer timer = new LingerTimer(request, expiryMs);
+        LingerTimer timer = new LingerTimer(requestId, expiryMs);
         if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Adding LingerTimer " + timer + " to " + toShortString());
         mLingerTimers.add(timer);
-        mLingerTimerForRequest.put(request.requestId, timer);
+        mLingerTimerForRequest.put(requestId, timer);
     }
 
     /**
      * Cancel lingering. Called by ConnectivityService when a request is added to this network.
-     * Returns true if the given request was lingering on this network, false otherwise.
+     * Returns true if the given requestId was lingering on this network, false otherwise.
      */
-    public boolean unlingerRequest(NetworkRequest request) {
-        LingerTimer timer = mLingerTimerForRequest.get(request.requestId);
+    public boolean unlingerRequest(int requestId) {
+        LingerTimer timer = mLingerTimerForRequest.get(requestId);
         if (timer != null) {
             if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "Removing LingerTimer " + timer + " from " + toShortString());
             mLingerTimers.remove(timer);
-            mLingerTimerForRequest.remove(request.requestId);
+            mLingerTimerForRequest.remove(requestId);
             return true;
         }
         return false;
diff --git a/tests/net/Android.bp b/tests/net/Android.bp
index a762219..f6a2846 100644
--- a/tests/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/net/Android.bp
@@ -70,4 +70,7 @@
         "android.test.base",
         "android.test.mock",
     ],
+    jni_libs: [
+        "libservice-connectivity",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalDataTest.kt b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalDataTest.kt
index bd1847b..8710d23 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalDataTest.kt
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalDataTest.kt
@@ -41,13 +41,14 @@
             .setBytesRemaining(456L)
             .setExpiryTime(789L)
             .setCaptive(true)
+            .setVenueFriendlyName("venue friendly name")
             .build()
 
     private fun makeBuilder() = CaptivePortalData.Builder(data)
 
     @Test
     fun testParcelUnparcel() {
-        assertParcelSane(data, fieldCount = 7)
+        assertParcelSane(data, fieldCount = 8)
 
         assertParcelingIsLossless(makeBuilder().setUserPortalUrl(null).build())
         assertParcelingIsLossless(makeBuilder().setVenueInfoUrl(null).build())
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@
         assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setBytesRemaining(789L) }
         assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setExpiryTime(12L) }
         assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setCaptive(false) }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueFriendlyName("another friendly name") }
+        assertNotEqualsAfterChange { it.setVenueFriendlyName(null) }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -108,6 +111,11 @@
         assertFalse(makeBuilder().setCaptive(false).build().isCaptive)
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testVenueFriendlyName() {
+        assertEquals("venue friendly name", data.venueFriendlyName)
+    }
+
     private fun CaptivePortalData.mutate(mutator: (CaptivePortalData.Builder) -> Unit) =
             CaptivePortalData.Builder(this).apply { mutator(this) }.build()
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 0a48068..2e70be7 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_RCS;
@@ -161,7 +162,6 @@
 import android.net.EthernetManager;
 import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
 import android.net.IDnsResolver;
-import android.net.IIpConnectivityMetrics;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkMonitor;
 import android.net.INetworkMonitorCallbacks;
@@ -344,6 +344,11 @@
 
     private static final String INTERFACE_NAME = "interface";
 
+    private static final String TEST_VENUE_URL_NA = "https://android.com/";
+    private static final String TEST_VENUE_URL_CAPPORT = "https://android.com/capport/";
+    private static final String TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME = "Network friendly name";
+    private static final String TEST_REDIRECT_URL = "http://example.com/firstPath";
+
     private MockContext mServiceContext;
     private HandlerThread mCsHandlerThread;
     private ConnectivityService.Dependencies mDeps;
@@ -359,7 +364,6 @@
     private HandlerThread mAlarmManagerThread;
     private TestNetIdManager mNetIdManager;
 
-    @Mock IIpConnectivityMetrics mIpConnectivityMetrics;
     @Mock IpConnectivityMetrics.Logger mMetricsService;
     @Mock DefaultNetworkMetrics mDefaultNetworkMetrics;
     @Mock DeviceIdleInternal mDeviceIdleInternal;
@@ -869,7 +873,7 @@
             mProbesSucceeded = probesSucceeded;
         }
 
-        void notifyCaptivePortalDataChanged(CaptivePortalData data) {
+        void notifyCapportApiDataChanged(CaptivePortalData data) {
             try {
                 mNmCallbacks.notifyCaptivePortalDataChanged(data);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -1199,6 +1203,8 @@
                 updateState(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, "disconnect");
             }
             mAgentRegistered = false;
+            setUids(null);
+            mInterface = null;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -1371,7 +1377,6 @@
         doReturn(mock(ProxyTracker.class)).when(deps).makeProxyTracker(any(), any());
         doReturn(mMetricsService).when(deps).getMetricsLogger();
         doReturn(true).when(deps).queryUserAccess(anyInt(), anyInt());
-        doReturn(mIpConnectivityMetrics).when(deps).getIpConnectivityMetrics();
         doReturn(mBatteryStatsService).when(deps).getBatteryStatsService();
         doAnswer(inv -> {
             mPolicyTracker = new WrappedMultinetworkPolicyTracker(
@@ -2005,7 +2010,7 @@
                 Objects.equals(expectedCapportUrl, lp.getCaptivePortalApiUrl()));
 
         final CaptivePortalData expectedCapportData = sanitized ? null : capportData;
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCaptivePortalDataChanged(capportData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(capportData);
         callback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent, lp ->
                 Objects.equals(expectedCapportData, lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
         defaultCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent, lp ->
@@ -3043,7 +3048,7 @@
                 .setBytesRemaining(12345L)
                 .build();
 
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCaptivePortalDataChanged(testData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(testData);
 
         captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
                 lp -> testData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
@@ -3056,6 +3061,136 @@
                 lp -> testData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()) && lp.getMtu() == 1234);
     }
 
+    private TestNetworkCallback setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi() throws Exception {
+        // Grant NETWORK_SETTINGS permission to be able to receive LinkProperties change callbacks
+        // with sensitive (captive portal) data
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(TEST_REDIRECT_URL, false /* isStrictMode */);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        return captivePortalCallback;
+    }
+
+    private class CaptivePortalTestData {
+        CaptivePortalTestData(CaptivePortalData naData, CaptivePortalData capportData,
+                CaptivePortalData expectedMergedData) {
+            mNaData = naData;
+            mCapportData = capportData;
+            mExpectedMergedData = expectedMergedData;
+        }
+
+        public final CaptivePortalData mNaData;
+        public final CaptivePortalData mCapportData;
+        public final CaptivePortalData mExpectedMergedData;
+    }
+
+    private CaptivePortalTestData setupCaptivePortalData() {
+        final CaptivePortalData capportData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_REDIRECT_URL))
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_CAPPORT))
+                .setExpiryTime(1000000L)
+                .setBytesRemaining(12345L)
+                .build();
+
+        final CaptivePortalData naData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setBytesRemaining(80802L)
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_NA))
+                .setVenueFriendlyName(TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME).build();
+
+        final CaptivePortalData expectedMergedData = new CaptivePortalData.Builder()
+                .setUserPortalUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_REDIRECT_URL))
+                .setBytesRemaining(12345L)
+                .setExpiryTime(1000000L)
+                .setVenueInfoUrl(Uri.parse(TEST_VENUE_URL_NA))
+                .setVenueFriendlyName(TEST_FRIENDLY_NAME).build();
+
+        return new CaptivePortalTestData(naData, capportData, expectedMergedData);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMergeCaptivePortalApiWithFriendlyNameAndVenueUrl() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi();
+        final CaptivePortalTestData captivePortalTestData = setupCaptivePortalData();
+
+        // Baseline capport data
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(captivePortalTestData.mCapportData);
+
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mCapportData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Venue URL and friendly name from Network agent, confirm that API data gets precedence
+        // on the bytes remaining.
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the capport data is merged
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mExpectedMergedData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Create a new LP with no Network agent capport data
+        final LinkProperties newLps = new LinkProperties();
+        newLps.setMtu(1234);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(newLps);
+        // CaptivePortalData is not lost and has the original values when LPs are received from the
+        // NetworkAgent
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mCapportData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData())
+                        && lp.getMtu() == 1234);
+
+        // Now send capport data only from the Network agent
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(null);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> lp.getCaptivePortalData() == null);
+
+        newLps.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(newLps);
+
+        // Make sure that only the network agent capport data is available
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mNaData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMergeCaptivePortalDataFromNetworkAgentFirstThenCapport() throws Exception {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = setupNetworkCallbackAndConnectToWifi();
+        final CaptivePortalTestData captivePortalTestData = setupCaptivePortalData();
+
+        // Venue URL and friendly name from Network agent, confirm that API data gets precedence
+        // on the bytes remaining.
+        final LinkProperties linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(captivePortalTestData.mNaData);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the data is saved correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mNaData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Expected merged data: Network agent data is preferred, and values that are not used by
+        // it are merged from capport data
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.notifyCapportApiDataChanged(captivePortalTestData.mCapportData);
+
+        // Make sure that the Capport data is merged correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mExpectedMergedData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+
+        // Now set the naData to null
+        linkProperties.setCaptivePortalData(null);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(linkProperties);
+
+        // Make sure that the Capport data is retained correctly
+        captivePortalCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                lp -> captivePortalTestData.mCapportData.equals(lp.getCaptivePortalData()));
+    }
+
     private NetworkRequest.Builder newWifiRequestBuilder() {
         return new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
     }
@@ -3361,6 +3496,7 @@
         assertEquals(null, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
         defaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
         assertEquals(defaultNetworkCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
@@ -3624,51 +3760,55 @@
         // Register the factory and expect it to start looking for a network.
         testFactory.expectAddRequestsWithScores(0);  // Score 0 as the request is not served yet.
         testFactory.register();
-        testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(1);
-        assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
 
-        // Bring up wifi. The factory stops looking for a network.
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        // Score 60 - 40 penalty for not validated yet, then 60 when it validates
-        testFactory.expectAddRequestsWithScores(20, 60);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        testFactory.waitForRequests();
-        assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+        try {
+            testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(1);
+            assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
 
-        ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
+            // Bring up wifi. The factory stops looking for a network.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            // Score 60 - 40 penalty for not validated yet, then 60 when it validates
+            testFactory.expectAddRequestsWithScores(20, 60);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            testFactory.waitForRequests();
+            assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
 
-        // Turn on mobile data always on. The factory starts looking again.
-        testFactory.expectAddRequestsWithScores(0);  // Always on requests comes up with score 0
-        setAlwaysOnNetworks(true);
-        testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(2);
-        assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
+            ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
 
-        // Bring up cell data and check that the factory stops looking.
-        assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
-        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-        testFactory.expectAddRequestsWithScores(10, 50);  // Unvalidated, then validated
-        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
-        testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(2);
-        assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());  // Because the cell network outscores us.
+            // Turn on mobile data always on. The factory starts looking again.
+            testFactory.expectAddRequestsWithScores(0);  // Always on requests comes up with score 0
+            setAlwaysOnNetworks(true);
+            testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(2);
+            assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
 
-        // Check that cell data stays up.
-        waitForIdle();
-        verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        assertLength(2, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+            // Bring up cell data and check that the factory stops looking.
+            assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+            mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+            testFactory.expectAddRequestsWithScores(10, 50);  // Unvalidated, then validated
+            mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(2);
+            assertFalse(
+                    testFactory.getMyStartRequested());  // Because the cell network outscores us.
 
-        // Turn off mobile data always on and expect the request to disappear...
-        testFactory.expectRemoveRequests(1);
-        setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
-        testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(1);
+            // Check that cell data stays up.
+            waitForIdle();
+            verifyActiveNetwork(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            assertLength(2, mCm.getAllNetworks());
 
-        // ...  and cell data to be torn down.
-        cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+            // Turn off mobile data always on and expect the request to disappear...
+            testFactory.expectRemoveRequests(1);
+            setAlwaysOnNetworks(false);
+            testFactory.waitForNetworkRequests(1);
 
-        testFactory.terminate();
-        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
-        handlerThread.quit();
+            // ...  and cell data to be torn down.
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
+        } finally {
+            testFactory.terminate();
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
+            handlerThread.quit();
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -5047,6 +5187,7 @@
         lp.setInterfaceName(VPN_IFNAME);
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(lp);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         final Network[] cellAndVpn = new Network[] {
                 mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mMockVpn.getNetwork()};
@@ -5632,6 +5773,7 @@
         // (and doing so is difficult without using reflection) but it's good to test that the code
         // behaves approximately correctly.
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(false, true, false);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
         final Network wifiNetwork = new Network(mNetIdManager.peekNextNetId());
         mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(new Network[]{wifiNetwork});
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mMockVpn);
@@ -5789,6 +5931,7 @@
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
                 false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         defaultCallback.assertNoCallback();
         assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
@@ -5814,6 +5957,7 @@
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, true /* hasInternet */,
                 false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
         assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
@@ -5839,6 +5983,7 @@
         // Bring up a VPN that has the INTERNET capability, initially unvalidated.
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(false /* validated */, true /* hasInternet */,
                 false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         // Even though the VPN is unvalidated, it becomes the default network for our app.
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mMockVpn);
@@ -5890,6 +6035,7 @@
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
                 false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(mMockVpn.getNetwork(),
                 false /* suspended */, false /* validated */, false /* blocked */, TIMEOUT_MS);
@@ -5931,6 +6077,7 @@
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
                 false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
         nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
@@ -6098,6 +6245,7 @@
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
                 false /* isStrictMode */);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
         nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mMockVpn.getNetwork());
@@ -6156,6 +6304,7 @@
 
         // Bring up a VPN
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
         callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
         callback.assertNoCallback();
 
@@ -6176,11 +6325,15 @@
 
         // Create a fake restricted profile whose parent is our user ID.
         final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
+        when(mUserManager.canHaveRestrictedProfile(userId)).thenReturn(true);
         final int restrictedUserId = userId + 1;
         final UserInfo info = new UserInfo(restrictedUserId, "user", UserInfo.FLAG_RESTRICTED);
         info.restrictedProfileParentId = userId;
         assertTrue(info.isRestricted());
         when(mUserManager.getUserInfo(restrictedUserId)).thenReturn(info);
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, restrictedUserId))
+                .thenReturn(UserHandle.getUid(restrictedUserId, VPN_UID));
+
         final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_ADDED);
         addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, restrictedUserId);
 
@@ -6220,6 +6373,54 @@
                 && caps.getUids().contains(new UidRange(uid, uid))
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+
+        // Test lockdown with restricted profiles.
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(
+                Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+
+        // Connect wifi and check that UIDs in the main and restricted profiles have network access.
+        mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+        final int restrictedUid = UserHandle.getUid(restrictedUserId, 42 /* appId */);
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        // Enable always-on VPN lockdown. The main user loses network access because no VPN is up.
+        final ArrayList<String> allowList = new ArrayList<>();
+        mService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, true /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        // Start the restricted profile, and check that the UID within it loses network access.
+        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(
+                Arrays.asList(new UserInfo[] {
+                        new UserInfo(userId, "", 0),
+                        info
+                }));
+        // TODO: check that VPN app within restricted profile still has access, etc.
+        handler.post(() -> mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(addedIntent));
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        // Stop the restricted profile, and check that the UID within it has network access again.
+        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(
+                Arrays.asList(new UserInfo[] {
+                        new UserInfo(userId, "", 0),
+                }));
+        handler.post(() -> mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(removedIntent));
+        waitForIdle();
+        assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(uid));
+        assertNotNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
+
+        mService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(userId, null, false /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        waitForIdle();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -6258,6 +6459,7 @@
 
         // Connect VPN network. By default it is using current default network (Cell).
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         // Ensure VPN is now the active network.
         assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
@@ -6310,6 +6512,7 @@
 
         // Connect VPN network.
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         // Ensure VPN is now the active network.
         assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
@@ -6684,6 +6887,7 @@
         assertNetworkInfo(TYPE_WIFI, DetailedState.BLOCKED);
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
         defaultCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mMockVpn);
         vpnUidCallback.assertNoCallback();  // vpnUidCallback has NOT_VPN capability.
         assertEquals(mMockVpn.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
@@ -6703,36 +6907,58 @@
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(vpnUidCallback);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Test mutable and requestable network capabilities such as
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED} and
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED}. Verify that the
+     * {@code ConnectivityService} re-assign the networks accordingly.
+     */
     @Test
-    public final void testLoseTrusted() throws Exception {
-        final NetworkRequest trustedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
-                .build();
-        final TestNetworkCallback trustedCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        mCm.requestNetwork(trustedRequest, trustedCallback);
+    public final void testLoseMutableAndRequestableCaps() throws Exception {
+        final int[] testCaps = new int [] {
+                NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+        };
+        for (final int testCap : testCaps) {
+            // Create requests with and without the testing capability.
+            final TestNetworkCallback callbackWithCap = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            final TestNetworkCallback callbackWithoutCap = new TestNetworkCallback();
+            mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(testCap).build(),
+                    callbackWithCap);
+            mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().removeCapability(testCap).build(),
+                    callbackWithoutCap);
 
-        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        trustedCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
-        reset(mMockNetd);
+            // Setup networks with testing capability and verify the default network changes.
+            mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+            mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            callbackWithCap.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+            reset(mMockNetd);
 
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        trustedCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
-        reset(mMockNetd);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            callbackWithCap.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+            reset(mMockNetd);
 
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
-        trustedCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
-        reset(mMockNetd);
+            // Remove the testing capability on wifi, verify the callback and default network
+            // changes back to cellular.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.removeCapability(testCap);
+            callbackWithCap.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.expectCapabilitiesWithout(testCap, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkSetDefault(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+            reset(mMockNetd);
 
-        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED);
-        trustedCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd).networkClearDefault();
+            mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(testCap);
+            callbackWithCap.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            callbackWithoutCap.assertNoCallback();
+            verify(mMockNetd).networkClearDefault();
 
-        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(trustedCallback);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callbackWithCap);
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callbackWithoutCap);
+        }
     }
 
     @Ignore // 40%+ flakiness : figure out why and re-enable.
@@ -7341,6 +7567,7 @@
         LinkProperties testLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
         testLinkProperties.setHttpProxy(testProxyInfo);
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(testLinkProperties);
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         // Test that the VPN network returns a proxy, and the WiFi does not.
         assertEquals(testProxyInfo, mService.getProxyForNetwork(mMockVpn.getNetwork()));
@@ -7378,6 +7605,7 @@
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER));
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, VPN_UID);
 
         // A connected VPN should have interface rules set up. There are two expected invocations,
         // one during the VPN initial connection, one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
@@ -7405,6 +7633,7 @@
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER));
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
 
         // Legacy VPN should not have interface rules set up
         verify(mMockNetd, never()).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
@@ -7420,6 +7649,7 @@
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER));
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
 
         // IPv6 unreachable route should not be misinterpreted as a default route
         verify(mMockNetd, never()).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
@@ -7434,6 +7664,7 @@
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER));
         mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, VPN_UID);
 
         // Connected VPN should have interface rules set up. There are two expected invocations,
         // one during VPN uid update, one during VPN LinkProperties update
@@ -7484,7 +7715,9 @@
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
         final UidRange vpnRange = UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER);
-        mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, Collections.singleton(vpnRange));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(vpnRange);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRanges);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
 
         reset(mMockNetd);
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
@@ -7635,6 +7868,7 @@
             throws Exception {
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER));
         mMockVpn.establish(new LinkProperties(), vpnOwnerUid, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, vpnOwnerUid);
         mMockVpn.setVpnType(vpnType);
 
         final VpnInfo vpnInfo = new VpnInfo();
@@ -7892,6 +8126,7 @@
                 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
 
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid();
+        assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
 
         // Wait for networks to connect and broadcasts to be sent before removing permissions.
         waitForIdle();
@@ -8171,4 +8406,54 @@
             assertTrue(isRequestIdInOrder);
         }
     }
+
+    private void assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(boolean add) throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(add, uidRangesForUid(uid), uid);
+    }
+
+    private void assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(boolean add, Set<UidRange> vpnRanges, int exemptUid)
+            throws Exception {
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        ArgumentCaptor<int[]> exemptUidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).socketDestroy(eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)),
+                exemptUidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(exemptUidCaptor.getValue(), Process.VPN_UID, exemptUid);
+
+        if (add) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetId()),
+                    eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)));
+        } else {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetId()),
+                    eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)));
+        }
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).socketDestroy(eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)),
+                exemptUidCaptor.capture());
+        assertContainsExactly(exemptUidCaptor.getValue(), Process.VPN_UID, exemptUid);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVpnUidRangesUpdate() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        final UidRange vpnRange = UidRange.createForUser(VPN_USER);
+        Set<UidRange> vpnRanges = Collections.singleton(vpnRange);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, VPN_UID, vpnRanges);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
+
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+        // Update to new range which is old range minus APP1, i.e. only APP2
+        final Set<UidRange> newRanges = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(
+                new UidRange(vpnRange.start, APP1_UID - 1),
+                new UidRange(APP1_UID + 1, vpnRange.stop)));
+        mMockVpn.setUids(newRanges);
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, newRanges, VPN_UID);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(false, vpnRanges, VPN_UID);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
index 3a07166..8c5d1d6 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
@@ -124,6 +124,22 @@
         assertEquals("", output2);
     }
 
+    private void logDefaultNetworkEvent(long timeMs, NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            NetworkAgentInfo oldNai) {
+        final Network network = (nai != null) ? nai.network() : null;
+        final int score = (nai != null) ? nai.getCurrentScore() : 0;
+        final boolean validated = (nai != null) ? nai.lastValidated : false;
+        final LinkProperties lp = (nai != null) ? nai.linkProperties : null;
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = (nai != null) ? nai.networkCapabilities : null;
+
+        final Network prevNetwork = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.network() : null;
+        final int prevScore = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.getCurrentScore() : 0;
+        final LinkProperties prevLp = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.linkProperties : null;
+        final NetworkCapabilities prevNc = (oldNai != null) ? oldNai.networkCapabilities : null;
+
+        mService.mDefaultNetworkMetrics.logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs, network, score, validated,
+                lp, nc, prevNetwork, prevScore, prevLp, prevNc);
+    }
     @Test
     public void testDefaultNetworkEvents() throws Exception {
         final long cell = BitUtils.packBits(new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR});
@@ -147,7 +163,7 @@
         for (NetworkAgentInfo[] pair : defaultNetworks) {
             timeMs += durationMs;
             durationMs += durationMs;
-            mService.mDefaultNetworkMetrics.logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs, pair[1], pair[0]);
+            logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs, pair[1], pair[0]);
         }
 
         String want = String.join("\n",
@@ -331,8 +347,8 @@
         final long wifi = BitUtils.packBits(new int[]{NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI});
         NetworkAgentInfo cellNai = makeNai(100, 50, false, true, cell);
         NetworkAgentInfo wifiNai = makeNai(101, 60, true, false, wifi);
-        mService.mDefaultNetworkMetrics.logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs + 200, cellNai, null);
-        mService.mDefaultNetworkMetrics.logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs + 300, wifiNai, cellNai);
+        logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs + 200L, cellNai, null);
+        logDefaultNetworkEvent(timeMs + 300L, wifiNai, cellNai);
 
         String want = String.join("\n",
                 "dropped_events: 0",
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 3648c4d..02a2aad 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -339,14 +339,8 @@
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         final UidRange user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
 
-        // Default state.
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1],
-                user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
-
         // Set always-on without lockdown.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null, mKeyStore));
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1],
-                user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Set always-on with lockdown.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null, mKeyStore));
@@ -355,10 +349,6 @@
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
         }));
 
-        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2],
-                user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1]);
-
         // Switch to another app.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null, mKeyStore));
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
@@ -369,9 +359,6 @@
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
         }));
-        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1],
-                user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -386,8 +373,6 @@
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1, user.stop)
         }));
-        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
         // Change allowed app list to PKGS[3].
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3]), mKeyStore));
@@ -398,8 +383,6 @@
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
         }));
-        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Change the VPN app.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
@@ -412,8 +395,6 @@
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)
         }));
-        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
         // Remove the list of allowed packages.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null, mKeyStore));
@@ -424,9 +405,6 @@
         verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.stop),
         }));
-        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2],
-                user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0]);
 
         // Add the list of allowed packages.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
@@ -438,8 +416,6 @@
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
                 new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, user.stop)
         }));
-        assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1]);
 
         // Try allowing a package with a comma, should be rejected.
         assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
@@ -460,45 +436,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testLockdownAddingAProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
-        setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
-
-        // Make a copy of the restricted profile, as we're going to mark it deleted halfway through.
-        final UserInfo tempProfile = new UserInfo(restrictedProfileA.id, restrictedProfileA.name,
-                restrictedProfileA.flags);
-        tempProfile.restrictedProfileParentId = primaryUser.id;
-
-        final UidRange user = PRI_USER_RANGE;
-        final UidRange profile = UidRange.createForUser(tempProfile.id);
-
-        // Set lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null, mKeyStore));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, user.stop)
-        }));
-        // Verify restricted user isn't affected at first.
-        assertUnblocked(vpn, profile.start + PKG_UIDS[0]);
-
-        // Add the restricted user.
-        setMockedUsers(primaryUser, tempProfile);
-        vpn.onUserAdded(tempProfile.id);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(profile.start, profile.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(profile.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, profile.stop)
-        }));
-
-        // Remove the restricted user.
-        tempProfile.partial = true;
-        vpn.onUserRemoved(tempProfile.id);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(profile.start, profile.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(profile.start + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1, profile.stop)
-        }));
-    }
-
-    @Test
     public void testLockdownRuleRepeatability() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         final UidRangeParcel[] primaryUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
@@ -1207,20 +1144,6 @@
         return vpn;
     }
 
-    private static void assertBlocked(Vpn vpn, int... uids) {
-        for (int uid : uids) {
-            final boolean blocked = vpn.getLockdown() && vpn.isBlockingUid(uid);
-            assertTrue("Uid " + uid + " should be blocked", blocked);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void assertUnblocked(Vpn vpn, int... uids) {
-        for (int uid : uids) {
-            final boolean blocked = vpn.getLockdown() && vpn.isBlockingUid(uid);
-            assertFalse("Uid " + uid + " should not be blocked", blocked);
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Populate {@link #mUserManager} with a list of fake users.
      */