diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking b/OWNERS_core_networking
index bc1d002..3a08422 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 markchien@google.com
 martinwu@google.com
 maze@google.com
+motomuman@google.com
 nuccachen@google.com
 paulhu@google.com
 prohr@google.com
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
index a6627fe..59d6575 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
@@ -1,2 +1,7 @@
 lorenzo@google.com
-satk@google.com
+satk@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
+
+# For cherry-picks of CLs that are already merged in aosp/master.
+jchalard@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
+maze@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
+reminv@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 3b5d6bf..8cf46ef 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -128,7 +128,10 @@
 
 filegroup {
     name: "connectivity-hiddenapi-files",
-    srcs: ["hiddenapi/*.txt"],
+    srcs: [
+        ":connectivity-t-hiddenapi-files",
+        "hiddenapi/*.txt",
+    ],
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
 
@@ -159,16 +162,11 @@
     // Additional hidden API flag files to override the defaults. This must only be
     // modified by the Soong or platform compat team.
     hidden_api: {
-        max_target_r_low_priority: [
-            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt",
-        ],
         max_target_o_low_priority: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority.txt",
-            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt",
         ],
         unsupported: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported.txt",
-            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt",
         ],
 
         // The following packages contain classes from other modules on the
diff --git a/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils.cpp b/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils.cpp
index 291bf54..6699c0d 100644
--- a/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils.cpp
+++ b/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils.cpp
@@ -49,8 +49,10 @@
         BPF_STMT(BPF_LD  | BPF_B   | BPF_ABS,  kICMPv6TypeOffset),
         BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K,    type, 0, 1),
 
-        // Accept or reject.
+        // Accept.
         BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K,              0xffff),
+
+        // Reject.
         BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K,              0)
     };
 
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
index a7e8ccf..68d694a 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitKey.java
@@ -28,26 +28,4 @@
     public TetherLimitKey(final int ifindex) {
         this.ifindex = ifindex;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherLimitKey)) return false;
-
-        final TetherLimitKey that = (TetherLimitKey) obj;
-
-        return ifindex == that.ifindex;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Integer.hashCode(ifindex);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("ifindex: %d", ifindex);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
index ed7e7d4..00dfcc6 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherLimitValue.java
@@ -32,26 +32,4 @@
     public TetherLimitValue(final long limit) {
         this.limit = limit;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherLimitValue)) return false;
-
-        final TetherLimitValue that = (TetherLimitValue) obj;
-
-        return limit == that.limit;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Long.hashCode(limit);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("limit: %d", limit);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index 0d1b22e..1f3fc11 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -2004,10 +2004,6 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (arg1 == UpstreamNetworkMonitor.NOTIFY_TEST_NETWORK_AVAILABLE) {
-                chooseUpstreamType(false);
-            }
-
             if (ns == null || !pertainsToCurrentUpstream(ns)) {
                 // TODO: In future, this is where upstream evaluation and selection
                 // could be handled for notifications which include sufficient data.
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
index 15df0c6..16c031b 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -85,12 +85,11 @@
     private static final boolean DBG = false;
     private static final boolean VDBG = false;
 
-    public static final int EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES         = 1;
-    public static final int EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES       = 2;
-    public static final int EVENT_ON_LOST                 = 3;
-    public static final int EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED        = 4;
-    public static final int NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES         = 10;
-    public static final int NOTIFY_TEST_NETWORK_AVAILABLE = 11;
+    public static final int EVENT_ON_CAPABILITIES   = 1;
+    public static final int EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES = 2;
+    public static final int EVENT_ON_LOST           = 3;
+    public static final int EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED  = 4;
+    public static final int NOTIFY_LOCAL_PREFIXES   = 10;
     // This value is used by deprecated preferredUpstreamIfaceTypes selection which is default
     // disabled.
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -468,17 +467,6 @@
         notifyTarget(EVENT_DEFAULT_SWITCHED, ns);
     }
 
-    private void maybeHandleTestNetwork(@NonNull Network network) {
-        if (!mPreferTestNetworks) return;
-
-        final UpstreamNetworkState ns = mNetworkMap.get(network);
-        if (network.equals(mTetheringUpstreamNetwork) || !isTestNetwork(ns)) return;
-
-        // Test network is available. Notify tethering.
-        Log.d(TAG, "Handle test network: " + network);
-        notifyTarget(NOTIFY_TEST_NETWORK_AVAILABLE, ns);
-    }
-
     private void recomputeLocalPrefixes() {
         final HashSet<IpPrefix> localPrefixes = allLocalPrefixes(mNetworkMap.values());
         if (!mLocalPrefixes.equals(localPrefixes)) {
@@ -561,12 +549,6 @@
             // So it's not useful to do this work for non-LISTEN_ALL callbacks.
             if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL) {
                 recomputeLocalPrefixes();
-
-                // When the LISTEN_ALL network callback calls onLinkPropertiesChanged, it means that
-                // all the network information for the network is known (because
-                // onLinkPropertiesChanged is called after onAvailable and onCapabilitiesChanged).
-                // Inform tethering that the test network might have changed.
-                maybeHandleTestNetwork(network);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index 9aa2cff..11e3dc0 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "NetworkStackApiStableLib",
         "androidx.test.rules",
+        "cts-net-utils",
         "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
         "net-tests-utils",
         "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
index 9303d0a..7527913 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
           package="com.android.networkstack.tethering.tests.integration">
 
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
     <!-- The test need CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission to use requestNetwork API to setup test
          network. Since R shell application don't have such permission, grant permission to the test
          here. TODO: Remove CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission here and use adopt shell perssion to
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index eaa7d21..39812cd 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
@@ -54,12 +56,14 @@
 
 import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback;
 import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringTester.TetheredDevice;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.MediumTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Ipv6Utils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
@@ -237,6 +242,8 @@
     private final Context mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
     private final EthernetManager mEm = mContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
     private final TetheringManager mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+    private final PackageManager mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
+    private final CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(mContext);
 
     private TestNetworkInterface mDownstreamIface;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
@@ -314,6 +321,13 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() throws Exception {
+        // Before T, all ethernet interfaces could be used for server mode. Instead of
+        // waiting timeout, just checking whether the system currently has any
+        // ethernet interface is more reliable.
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            return runAsShell(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, () -> mEm.isAvailable());
+        }
+
         // If previous test case doesn't release tethering interface successfully, the other tests
         // after that test may be skipped as unexcepted.
         // TODO: figure out a better way to check default tethering interface existenion.
@@ -693,10 +707,17 @@
             }
         }
 
-        public Network awaitUpstreamChanged() throws Exception {
+        public Network awaitUpstreamChanged(boolean throwTimeoutException) throws Exception {
             if (!mUpstreamLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
-                fail("Did not receive upstream " + (mAcceptAnyUpstream ? "any" : mExpectedUpstream)
-                        + " callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+                final String errorMessage = "Did not receive upstream "
+                            + (mAcceptAnyUpstream ? "any" : mExpectedUpstream)
+                            + " callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms";
+
+                if (throwTimeoutException) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException(errorMessage);
+                } else {
+                    fail(errorMessage);
+                }
             }
             return mUpstream;
         }
@@ -1238,6 +1259,52 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // TODO: remove triggering upstream reselection once test network can replace selected upstream
+    // network in Tethering module.
+    private void maybeRetryTestedUpstreamChanged(final Network expectedUpstream,
+            final TimeoutException fallbackException) throws Exception {
+        // Fall back original exception because no way to reselect if there is no WIFI feature.
+        assertTrue(fallbackException.toString(), mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+
+        // Try to toggle wifi network, if any, to reselect upstream network via default network
+        // switching. Because test network has higher priority than internet network, this can
+        // help selecting test network to be upstream network for testing. This tries to avoid
+        // the flaky upstream selection under multinetwork environment. Internet and test network
+        // upstream changed event order is not guaranteed. Once tethering selects non-test
+        // upstream {wifi, ..}, test network won't be selected anymore. If too many test cases
+        // trigger the reselection, the total test time may over test suite 1 minmute timeout.
+        // Probably need to disable/restore all internet networks in a common place of test
+        // process. Currently, EthernetTetheringTest is part of CTS test which needs wifi network
+        // connection if device has wifi feature. CtsNetUtils#toggleWifi() checks wifi connection
+        // during the toggling process.
+        // See Tethering#chooseUpstreamType, CtsNetUtils#toggleWifi.
+        // TODO: toggle cellular network if the device has no WIFI feature.
+        Log.d(TAG, "Toggle WIFI to retry upstream selection");
+        mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
+
+        // Wait for expected upstream.
+        final CompletableFuture<Network> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        final TetheringEventCallback callback = new TetheringEventCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onUpstreamChanged(Network network) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Got upstream changed: " + network);
+                if (Objects.equals(expectedUpstream, network)) {
+                    future.complete(network);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        try {
+            mTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(mHandler::post, callback);
+            assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", expectedUpstream,
+                    future.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Did not receive upstream " + expectedUpstream
+                    + " callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+        } finally {
+            mTm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+        }
+    }
+
     private TetheringTester initTetheringTester(List<LinkAddress> upstreamAddresses,
             List<InetAddress> upstreamDnses) throws Exception {
         assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable());
@@ -1256,8 +1323,17 @@
 
         mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
                 mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork());
-        assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(),
-                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitUpstreamChanged());
+
+        try {
+            assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for test network", mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(),
+                    mTetheringEventCallback.awaitUpstreamChanged(
+                            true /* throwTimeoutException */));
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            // Due to race condition inside tethering module, test network may not be selected as
+            // tethering upstream. Force tethering retry upstream if possible. If it is not
+            // possible to retry, fail the test with the original timeout exception.
+            maybeRetryTestedUpstreamChanged(mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(), e);
+        }
 
         mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
         mUpstreamReader = makePacketReader(mUpstreamTracker.getTestIface());
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
index e0d77ee..b2cbf75 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ShimUtils.isAtLeastS;
 
@@ -330,28 +329,6 @@
             this.legacyType = toLegacyType(networkCapabilities);
         }
 
-        // Used for test network only because ConnectivityManager.networkCapabilitiesForType
-        // doesn't support "TRANSPORT_TEST -> TYPE_TEST" in #matchesLegacyType. Beware of
-        // satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities doesn't check on new |networkCapabilities| as
-        // #matchesLegacyType.
-        // TODO: refactor when tethering no longer uses CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
-        private TestNetworkAgent(TestConnectivityManager cm) {
-            this.cm = cm;
-            networkId = new Network(cm.getNetworkId());
-            networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
-                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-                    .build();
-            linkProperties = new LinkProperties();
-            legacyType = TYPE_TEST;
-        }
-
-        // TODO: refactor when tethering no longer uses CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
-        public static TestNetworkAgent buildTestNetworkAgentForTestNetwork(
-                TestConnectivityManager cm) {
-            return new TestNetworkAgent(cm);
-        }
-
         private static int toLegacyType(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
             for (int type = 0; type < ConnectivityManager.TYPE_TEST; type++) {
                 if (matchesLegacyType(nc, type)) return type;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
index e114cb5..38f1e9c 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
@@ -664,17 +664,17 @@
             assertEquals("Internal callback is not registered", 1, callbacks.size());
             assertNotNull(weakTm.get());
 
+            // Calling System.gc() or System.runFinalization() doesn't guarantee GCs or finalizers
+            // are executed synchronously. The finalizer is called after GC on a separate thread.
             final int attempts = 100;
             final long waitIntervalMs = 50;
             for (int i = 0; i < attempts; i++) {
                 forceGc();
-                if (weakTm.get() == null) break;
+                if (weakTm.get() == null && callbacks.size() == 0) break;
 
                 Thread.sleep(waitIntervalMs);
             }
-            assertNull("TetheringManager weak reference still not null after " + attempts
-                    + " attempts", weakTm.get());
-
+            assertNull("TetheringManager weak reference is not null", weakTm.get());
             assertEquals("Internal callback is not unregistered", 0, callbacks.size());
         });
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
index b0cb7f2..9b9507b 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
@@ -449,36 +449,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testGetCurrentPreferredUpstream_TestNetworkPreferred() throws Exception {
-        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
-        mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(true /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
-        mUNM.setTryCell(true);
-        mUNM.setPreferTestNetworks(true);
-
-        // [1] Mobile connects, DUN not required -> mobile selected.
-        final TestNetworkAgent cellAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, CELL_CAPABILITIES);
-        cellAgent.fakeConnect();
-        mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(cellAgent);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(cellAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
-        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
-
-        // [2] Test network connects -> test network selected.
-        final TestNetworkAgent testAgent =
-                TestNetworkAgent.buildTestNetworkAgentForTestNetwork(mCM);
-        testAgent.fakeConnect();
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(testAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
-        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
-
-        // [3] Disable test networks preferred -> mobile selected.
-        mUNM.setPreferTestNetworks(false);
-        assertEquals(cellAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
-        assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
-    }
-
-    @Test
     public void testLocalPrefixes() throws Exception {
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
         mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
index 12200ec..f0af3dd 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Key.java
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
 
 /** Key type for clat egress IPv4 maps. */
 public class ClatEgress4Key extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long iif; // The input interface index
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int iif; // The input interface index
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv4Address)
     public final Inet4Address local4; // The source IPv4 address
 
-    public ClatEgress4Key(final long iif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+    public ClatEgress4Key(final int iif, final Inet4Address local4) {
         this.iif = iif;
         this.local4 = local4;
     }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
index c10cb4d..69fab09 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatEgress4Value.java
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
 /** Value type for clat egress IPv4 maps. */
 public class ClatEgress4Value extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long oif; // The output interface to redirect to
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int oif; // The output interface to redirect to
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
     public final Inet6Address local6; // The full 128-bits of the source IPv6 address
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8, padding = 3)
     public final short oifIsEthernet; // Whether the output interface requires ethernet header
 
-    public ClatEgress4Value(final long oif, final Inet6Address local6, final Inet6Address pfx96,
+    public ClatEgress4Value(final int oif, final Inet6Address local6, final Inet6Address pfx96,
             final short oifIsEthernet) {
         this.oif = oif;
         this.local6 = local6;
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
index 1e2f4e0..561113c 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Key.java
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 
 /** Key type for clat ingress IPv6 maps. */
 public class ClatIngress6Key extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long iif; // The input interface index
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int iif; // The input interface index
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
     public final Inet6Address pfx96; // The source /96 nat64 prefix, bottom 32 bits must be 0
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     @Field(order = 2, type = Type.Ipv6Address)
     public final Inet6Address local6; // The full 128-bits of the destination IPv6 address
 
-    public ClatIngress6Key(final long iif, final Inet6Address pfx96, final Inet6Address local6) {
+    public ClatIngress6Key(final int iif, final Inet6Address pfx96, final Inet6Address local6) {
         this.iif = iif;
         this.pfx96 = pfx96;
         this.local6 = local6;
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
index bfec44f..fb81caa 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/ClatIngress6Value.java
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
 
 /** Value type for clat ingress IPv6 maps. */
 public class ClatIngress6Value extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long oif; // The output interface to redirect to (0 means don't redirect)
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int oif; // The output interface to redirect to (0 means don't redirect)
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.Ipv4Address)
     public final Inet4Address local4; // The destination IPv4 address
 
-    public ClatIngress6Value(final long oif, final Inet4Address local4) {
+    public ClatIngress6Value(final int oif, final Inet4Address local4) {
         this.oif = oif;
         this.local4 = local4;
     }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java
index e1a221f..3fbd6fc 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/CookieTagMapValue.java
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
  * Value for cookie tag map.
  */
 public class CookieTagMapValue extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long uid;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int uid;
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
     public final long tag;
 
-    public CookieTagMapValue(final long uid, final long tag) {
+    public CookieTagMapValue(final int uid, final long tag) {
         this.uid = uid;
         this.tag = tag;
     }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
index c6d595b..68111b6 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsKey.java
@@ -22,32 +22,10 @@
 
 /** The key of BpfMap which is used for tethering stats. */
 public class TetherStatsKey extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long ifindex;  // upstream interface index
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int ifindex;  // upstream interface index
 
-    public TetherStatsKey(final long ifindex) {
+    public TetherStatsKey(final int ifindex) {
         this.ifindex = ifindex;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsKey)) return false;
-
-        final TetherStatsKey that = (TetherStatsKey) obj;
-
-        return ifindex == that.ifindex;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Long.hashCode(ifindex);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("ifindex: %d", ifindex);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
index 028d217..f05d1b7 100644
--- a/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
+++ b/common/src/com/android/net/module/util/bpf/TetherStatsValue.java
@@ -47,34 +47,4 @@
         this.txBytes = txBytes;
         this.txErrors = txErrors;
     }
-
-    // TODO: remove equals, hashCode and toString once aosp/1536721 is merged.
-    @Override
-    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-        if (this == obj) return true;
-
-        if (!(obj instanceof TetherStatsValue)) return false;
-
-        final TetherStatsValue that = (TetherStatsValue) obj;
-
-        return rxPackets == that.rxPackets
-                && rxBytes == that.rxBytes
-                && rxErrors == that.rxErrors
-                && txPackets == that.txPackets
-                && txBytes == that.txBytes
-                && txErrors == that.txErrors;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int hashCode() {
-        return Long.hashCode(rxPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(rxBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(rxErrors)
-                ^ Long.hashCode(txPackets) ^ Long.hashCode(txBytes) ^ Long.hashCode(txErrors);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return String.format("rxPackets: %s, rxBytes: %s, rxErrors: %s, txPackets: %s, "
-                + "txBytes: %s, txErrors: %s", rxPackets, rxBytes, rxErrors, txPackets,
-                txBytes, txErrors);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index 2e49307..d40fad9 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@
     ],
 }
 
+filegroup {
+    name: "connectivity-t-hiddenapi-files",
+    srcs: ["hiddenapi/*.txt"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
 java_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
     defaults: ["framework-connectivity-t-defaults"],
@@ -114,6 +120,19 @@
         "com.android.connectivity",
         "com.android.nearby",
     ],
+
+    hidden_api: {
+        max_target_o_low_priority: [
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt",
+        ],
+        max_target_r_low_priority: [
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt",
+        ],
+        unsupported: [
+            "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt",
+        ],
+    },
+
     impl_library_visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/apex",
         // In preparation for future move
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt b/framework-t/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt
rename to framework-t/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt b/framework-t/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt
rename to framework-t/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt b/framework-t/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Tethering/apex/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt
rename to framework-t/hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index fcce7a5..485961c 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -228,12 +228,13 @@
     ],
     out: ["framework_connectivity_jarjar_rules.txt"],
     cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
-        "--jars $(location :framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
+        "$(location :framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
         "$(location :framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
         "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
         "--apistubs $(location :framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib{.jar}) " +
-        "$(location :framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib{.jar}) " +
-        "--unsupportedapi $(locations :connectivity-hiddenapi-files) " +
+        "--apistubs $(location :framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib{.jar}) " +
+        // Make a ":"-separated list. There will be an extra ":" but empty items are ignored.
+        "--unsupportedapi $$(printf ':%s' $(locations :connectivity-hiddenapi-files)) " +
         "--excludes $(location jarjar-excludes.txt) " +
         "--output $(out)",
     visibility: [
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/Android.bp
index 328751a..b406776 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/Android.bp
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
     static_libs: [
         // TODO(b/228406038): Remove "framework-nearby-static" once Fast Pair system APIs add back.
         "framework-nearby-static",
+        "gson",
         "guava",
-        "gson-prebuilt-jar",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/FastPairCacheManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/FastPairCacheManagerTest.java
index adae97d..fdda6f7 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/FastPairCacheManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/FastPairCacheManagerTest.java
@@ -81,30 +81,20 @@
         Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
         when(mDiscoveryItem.getCopyOfStoredItem()).thenReturn(mStoredDiscoveryItem);
         when(mDiscoveryItem.getTriggerId()).thenReturn(MODEL_ID);
-
-        FastPairCacheManager fastPairCacheManager = new FastPairCacheManager(mContext);
-        fastPairCacheManager.saveDiscoveryItem(mDiscoveryItem);
-        assertThat(fastPairCacheManager.getStoredDiscoveryItem(MODEL_ID).getAppName())
-                .isEqualTo(APP_NAME);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
-    public void getAllInfo() {
-        Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
-        when(mDiscoveryItem.getCopyOfStoredItem()).thenReturn(mStoredDiscoveryItem);
-        when(mDiscoveryItem.getTriggerId()).thenReturn(MODEL_ID);
         when(mDiscoveryItem2.getCopyOfStoredItem()).thenReturn(mStoredDiscoveryItem2);
         when(mDiscoveryItem2.getTriggerId()).thenReturn(MODEL_ID2);
 
         FastPairCacheManager fastPairCacheManager = new FastPairCacheManager(mContext);
         fastPairCacheManager.saveDiscoveryItem(mDiscoveryItem);
-
-        assertThat(fastPairCacheManager.getAllSavedStoreDiscoveryItem()).hasSize(2);
+        assertThat(fastPairCacheManager.getStoredDiscoveryItem(MODEL_ID).getAppName())
+                .isEqualTo(APP_NAME);
+        assertThat(fastPairCacheManager.getAllSavedStoreDiscoveryItem()).hasSize(1);
 
         fastPairCacheManager.saveDiscoveryItem(mDiscoveryItem2);
-
-        assertThat(fastPairCacheManager.getAllSavedStoreDiscoveryItem()).hasSize(3);
+        assertThat(fastPairCacheManager.getStoredDiscoveryItem(MODEL_ID2).getAppName())
+                .isEqualTo(APP_NAME);
+        assertThat(fastPairCacheManager.getAllSavedStoreDiscoveryItem()).hasSize(2);
+        fastPairCacheManager.cleanUp();
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
index 3b44d81..ceae9ba 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
@@ -22,14 +22,16 @@
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfDump;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 
 /**
  * Monitor interface added (without removed) and right interface name and its index to bpf map.
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
     // This is current path but may be changed soon.
     private static final String IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH =
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_iface_index_name_map";
-    private final IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
     private final INetd mNetd;
     private final Handler mHandler;
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
@@ -62,10 +64,10 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static class Dependencies {
         /** Create BpfMap for updating interface and index mapping. */
-        public IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
             try {
                 return new BpfMap<>(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                    U32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
+                    S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create interface map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@
         }
 
         try {
-            mBpfMap.updateEntry(new U32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
+            mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Unable to update entry for " + ifaceName + ", " + e);
         }
@@ -136,4 +138,37 @@
             mHandler.post(() -> addInterface(ifName));
         }
     }
+
+    /** get interface name by interface index from bpf map */
+    public String getIfNameByIndex(final int index) {
+        try {
+            final InterfaceMapValue value = mBpfMap.getValue(new S32(index));
+            if (value == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "No if name entry for index " + index);
+                return null;
+            }
+            return value.getInterfaceNameString();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get entry for index " + index + ": " + e);
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump BPF map
+     *
+     * @param pw print writer
+     */
+    public void dump(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("BPF map status:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        BpfDump.dumpMapStatus(mBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap", IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+        pw.println("BPF map content:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        BpfDump.dumpMap(mBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
+                (key, value) -> "ifaceIndex=" + key.val
+                        + " ifaceName=" + value.getInterfaceNameString());
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java
index 42c0044..95da981 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java
@@ -16,20 +16,45 @@
 package com.android.server.net;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
 
 /**
  * The value of bpf interface index map which is used for NetworkStatsService.
  */
 public class InterfaceMapValue extends Struct {
+    private static final int IF_NAME_SIZE = 16;
+
     @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
     public final byte[] interfaceName;
 
     public InterfaceMapValue(String iface) {
-        final byte[] ifaceArray = iface.getBytes();
-        interfaceName = new byte[16];
         // All array bytes after the interface name, if any, must be 0.
-        System.arraycopy(ifaceArray, 0, interfaceName, 0, ifaceArray.length);
+        interfaceName = Arrays.copyOf(iface.getBytes(), IF_NAME_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor for Struct#parse. Build this struct from byte array of interface name.
+     *
+     * @param ifName Byte array of interface name, length is expected to be IF_NAME_SIZE(16).
+     *               If longer or shorter, interface name will be truncated or padded with zeros.
+     *               All array bytes after the interface name, if any, must be 0.
+     */
+    public InterfaceMapValue(final byte[] ifName) {
+        interfaceName = Arrays.copyOf(ifName, IF_NAME_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the length of the null-terminated string. */
+    private int strlen(byte[] str) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
+            if (str[i] == '\0') {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return str.length;
+    }
+
+    public String getInterfaceNameString() {
+        return new String(interfaceName, 0 /* offset */,  strlen(interfaceName));
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 8d5c881..0da7b6f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapKey;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapValue;
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
      * mActiveUidCounterSet to avoid accessing kernel too frequently.
      */
     private SparseIntArray mActiveUidCounterSet = new SparseIntArray();
-    private final IBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap;
     private final IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap;
     private final IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapA;
     private final IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapB;
@@ -741,10 +741,10 @@
         }
 
         /** Get counter sets map for each UID. */
-        public IBpfMap<U32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
+        public IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<U32, U8>(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
-                        U32.class, U8.class);
+                return new BpfMap<S32, U8>(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                        S32.class, U8.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open uid counter set map: " + e);
                 return null;
@@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@
             mNetd.bandwidthSetGlobalAlert(mGlobalAlertBytes);
         } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "problem registering for global alert: " + e);
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
             // ignored; service lives in system_server
         }
         invokeForAllStatsProviderCallbacks((cb) -> cb.mProvider.onSetAlert(mGlobalAlertBytes));
@@ -1747,7 +1747,7 @@
 
         if (set == SET_DEFAULT) {
             try {
-                mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+                mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new S32(uid));
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "UidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(" + uid + ") failed with errno: " + e);
             }
@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@
         }
 
         try {
-            mUidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) set));
+            mUidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(new S32(uid), new U8((short) set));
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "UidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(" + uid + ", " + set
                     + ") failed with errno: " + e);
@@ -2472,7 +2472,7 @@
         deleteStatsMapTagData(mStatsMapB, uid);
 
         try {
-            mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+            mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new S32(uid));
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             logErrorIfNotErrNoent(e, "Failed to delete tag data from uid counter set map");
         }
@@ -2741,6 +2741,12 @@
             }
 
             pw.println();
+            pw.println("InterfaceMapUpdater:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mInterfaceMapUpdater.dump(pw);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println();
             pw.println("BPF map status:");
             pw.increaseIndent();
             dumpMapStatus(pw);
@@ -2755,6 +2761,8 @@
             dumpCookieTagMapLocked(pw);
             dumpUidCounterSetMapLocked(pw);
             dumpAppUidStatsMapLocked(pw);
+            dumpStatsMapLocked(mStatsMapA, pw, "mStatsMapA");
+            dumpStatsMapLocked(mStatsMapB, pw, "mStatsMapB");
             pw.decreaseIndent();
         }
     }
@@ -2840,6 +2848,8 @@
         pw.println("mUidCounterSetMap: "
                 + getMapStatus(mUidCounterSetMap, UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH));
         pw.println("mAppUidStatsMap: " + getMapStatus(mAppUidStatsMap, APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH));
+        pw.println("mStatsMapA: " + getMapStatus(mStatsMapA, STATS_MAP_A_PATH));
+        pw.println("mStatsMapB: " + getMapStatus(mStatsMapB, STATS_MAP_B_PATH));
     }
 
     @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
@@ -2876,6 +2886,29 @@
                         + value.txPackets);
     }
 
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void dumpStatsMapLocked(final IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> statsMap,
+            final IndentingPrintWriter pw, final String mapName) {
+        if (statsMap == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        BpfDump.dumpMap(statsMap, pw, mapName,
+                "ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets",
+                (key, value) -> {
+                    final String ifName = mInterfaceMapUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(key.ifaceIndex);
+                    return key.ifaceIndex + " "
+                            + (ifName != null ? ifName : "unknown") + " "
+                            + "0x" + Long.toHexString(key.tag) + " "
+                            + key.uid + " "
+                            + key.counterSet + " "
+                            + value.rxBytes + " "
+                            + value.rxPackets + " "
+                            + value.txBytes + " "
+                            + value.txPackets;
+                });
+    }
+
     private NetworkStats readNetworkStatsSummaryDev() {
         try {
             return mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsSummaryDev();
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
index ea8d836..44269b3 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
  * Key for both stats maps.
  */
 public class StatsMapKey extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long uid;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int uid;
 
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
     public final long tag;
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
     @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
     public final long counterSet;
 
-    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long ifaceIndex;
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int ifaceIndex;
 
-    public StatsMapKey(final long uid, final long tag, final long counterSet,
-            final long ifaceIndex) {
+    public StatsMapKey(final int uid, final long tag, final long counterSet,
+            final int ifaceIndex) {
         this.uid = uid;
         this.tag = tag;
         this.counterSet = counterSet;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
index 2849f94..59025fd 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
  * Key for uid stats map.
  */
 public class UidStatsMapKey extends Struct {
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long uid;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int uid;
 
-    public UidStatsMapKey(final long uid) {
+    public UidStatsMapKey(final int uid) {
         this.uid = uid;
     }
 }
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index 68c1722..7d3b39a 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
     ],
     out: ["service_connectivity_jarjar_rules.txt"],
     cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
-        "--jars $(location :service-connectivity-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
+        "$(location :service-connectivity-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
         "$(location :service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
         "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
         "--excludes $(location jarjar-excludes.txt) " +
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
     ],
     out: ["service_nearby_jarjar_rules.txt"],
     cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
-        "--jars $(location :service-nearby-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
+        "$(location :service-nearby-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
         "--prefix com.android.server.nearby " +
         "--excludes $(location jarjar-excludes.txt) " +
         "--output $(out)",
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
index 7fb1b34..49b23c9 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
@@ -647,48 +647,6 @@
         dw.println("mCookieTagMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
     }
 
-
-    // Print uidStatsMap content.
-    std::string statsHeader = StringPrintf("ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes"
-                                           " rxPackets txBytes txPackets");
-    dumpBpfMap("mStatsMapA", dw, statsHeader);
-    const auto printStatsInfo = [&dw, this](const StatsKey& key, const StatsValue& value,
-                                            const BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>&) {
-        uint32_t ifIndex = key.ifaceIndex;
-        auto ifname = mIfaceIndexNameMap.readValue(ifIndex);
-        if (!ifname.ok()) {
-            ifname = IfaceValue{"unknown"};
-        }
-        dw.println("%u %s 0x%x %u %u %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64, ifIndex,
-                   ifname.value().name, key.tag, key.uid, key.counterSet, value.rxBytes,
-                   value.rxPackets, value.txBytes, value.txPackets);
-        return base::Result<void>();
-    };
-    res = mStatsMapA.iterateWithValue(printStatsInfo);
-    if (!res.ok()) {
-        dw.println("mStatsMapA print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
-    }
-
-    // Print TagStatsMap content.
-    dumpBpfMap("mStatsMapB", dw, statsHeader);
-    res = mStatsMapB.iterateWithValue(printStatsInfo);
-    if (!res.ok()) {
-        dw.println("mStatsMapB print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
-    }
-
-    // Print ifaceIndexToNameMap content.
-    dumpBpfMap("mIfaceIndexNameMap", dw, "");
-    const auto printIfaceNameInfo = [&dw](const uint32_t& key, const IfaceValue& value,
-                                          const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>&) {
-        const char* ifname = value.name;
-        dw.println("ifaceIndex=%u ifaceName=%s", key, ifname);
-        return base::Result<void>();
-    };
-    res = mIfaceIndexNameMap.iterateWithValue(printIfaceNameInfo);
-    if (!res.ok()) {
-        dw.println("mIfaceIndexNameMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
-    }
-
     // Print ifaceStatsMap content
     std::string ifaceStatsHeader = StringPrintf("ifaceIndex ifaceName rxBytes rxPackets txBytes"
                                                 " txPackets");
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
index d08ffee..8525738 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@
 constexpr uint32_t TEST_TAG = 42;
 constexpr uint32_t TEST_COUNTERSET = 1;
 constexpr int TEST_COOKIE = 1;
-constexpr char TEST_IFNAME[] = "test0";
 constexpr int TEST_IFINDEX = 999;
 constexpr int RXPACKETS = 1;
 constexpr int RXBYTES = 100;
@@ -792,17 +791,7 @@
     // 999 test0 0x2a 10086 1 100 1 0 0
     std::vector<std::string> expectedLines = {
         "mCookieTagMap:",
-        fmt::format("cookie={} tag={:#x} uid={}", TEST_COOKIE, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID),
-        "mStatsMapA",
-        "ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets",
-        fmt::format("{} {} {:#x} {} {} {} {} {} {}",
-                    TEST_IFINDEX, TEST_IFNAME, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID, TEST_COUNTERSET, RXBYTES,
-                    RXPACKETS, TXBYTES, TXPACKETS)};
-
-    populateFakeIfaceIndexName(TEST_IFNAME, TEST_IFINDEX);
-    expectedLines.emplace_back("mIfaceIndexNameMap:");
-    expectedLines.emplace_back(fmt::format("ifaceIndex={} ifaceName={}",
-                                           TEST_IFINDEX, TEST_IFNAME));
+        fmt::format("cookie={} tag={:#x} uid={}", TEST_COOKIE, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID)};
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps({TEST_UID}, HAPPY_BOX_MATCH,
                                         TrafficController::IptOpInsert)));
@@ -829,9 +818,6 @@
 
     std::vector<std::string> expectedLines = {
         fmt::format("mCookieTagMap {}", kErrIterate),
-        fmt::format("mStatsMapA {}", kErrIterate),
-        fmt::format("mStatsMapB {}", kErrIterate),
-        fmt::format("mIfaceIndexNameMap {}", kErrIterate),
         fmt::format("mIfaceStatsMap {}", kErrIterate),
         fmt::format("mConfigurationMap {}", kErrReadRulesConfig),
         fmt::format("mConfigurationMap {}", kErrReadStatsMapConfig),
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index bfa0808..2796dbe 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -294,6 +294,13 @@
             return ConnectivityStatsLog.buildStatsEvent(NETWORK_BPF_MAP_INFO, cookieTagMapSize,
                     uidOwnerMapSize, uidPermissionMapSize);
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Call native_dump
+         */
+        public void nativeDump(final FileDescriptor fd, final boolean verbose) {
+            native_dump(fd, verbose);
+        }
     }
 
     /** Constructor used after T that doesn't need to use netd anymore. */
@@ -406,7 +413,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void addRule(final int uid, final long match, final long iif, final String caller) {
+    private void addRule(final int uid, final long match, final int iif, final String caller) {
         if (match != IIF_MATCH && iif != 0) {
             throw new ServiceSpecificException(EINVAL,
                     "Non-interface match must have zero interface index");
@@ -920,7 +927,7 @@
                     EOPNOTSUPP, "dumpsys connectivity trafficcontroller dump not available on pre-T"
                     + " devices, use dumpsys netd trafficcontroller instead.");
         }
-        native_dump(fd, verbose);
+        mDeps.nativeDump(fd, verbose);
     }
 
     private static native void native_init(boolean startSkDestroyListener);
@@ -936,6 +943,6 @@
     private native int native_updateUidLockdownRule(int uid, boolean add);
     private native int native_swapActiveStatsMap();
     private native void native_setPermissionForUids(int permissions, int[] uids);
-    private native void native_dump(FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose);
+    private static native void native_dump(FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose);
     private static native int native_synchronizeKernelRCU();
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 7e63761..9322172 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -353,6 +353,12 @@
     // connect anyway?" dialog after the user selects a network that doesn't validate.
     private static final int PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS = 8 * 1000;
 
+    // How long to wait before considering that a network is bad in the absence of any form
+    // of connectivity (valid, partial, captive portal). If none has been detected after this
+    // delay, the stack considers this network bad, which may affect how it's handled in ranking
+    // according to config_networkAvoidBadWifi.
+    private static final int INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 20 * 1000;
+
     // Default to 30s linger time-out, and 5s for nascent network. Modifiable only for testing.
     private static final String LINGER_DELAY_PROPERTY = "persist.netmon.linger";
     private static final int DEFAULT_LINGER_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
@@ -581,12 +587,6 @@
     private static final int EVENT_SET_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED = 28;
 
     /**
-     * used to ask the user to confirm a connection to an unvalidated network.
-     * obj  = network
-     */
-    private static final int EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED = 29;
-
-    /**
      * used internally to (re)configure always-on networks.
      */
     private static final int EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS = 30;
@@ -725,6 +725,14 @@
     private static final int EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED = 56;
 
     /**
+     * The initial evaluation period is over for this network.
+     *
+     * If no form of connectivity has been found on this network (valid, partial, captive portal)
+     * then the stack will now consider it to have been determined bad.
+     */
+    private static final int EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT = 57;
+
+    /**
      * Argument for {@link #EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION} to indicate that the notification
      * should be shown.
      */
@@ -3342,17 +3350,6 @@
         pw.increaseIndent();
         mNetworkActivityTracker.dump(pw);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
-
-        // pre-T is logged by netd.
-        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            pw.println();
-            pw.println("BPF programs & maps:");
-            pw.increaseIndent();
-            // Flush is required. Otherwise, the traces in fd can interleave with traces in pw.
-            pw.flush();
-            dumpTrafficController(pw, fd, /*verbose=*/ true);
-            pw.decreaseIndent();
-        }
     }
 
     private void dumpNetworks(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
@@ -3791,7 +3788,17 @@
 
         private void handleNetworkTested(
                 @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, int testResult, @NonNull String redirectUrl) {
-            final boolean valid = ((testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0);
+            final boolean valid = (testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0;
+            final boolean partial = (testResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL) != 0;
+            final boolean captive = !TextUtils.isEmpty(redirectUrl);
+
+            // If there is any kind of working networking, then the NAI has been evaluated
+            // once. {@see NetworkAgentInfo#setEvaluated}, which returns whether this is
+            // the first time this ever happened.
+            final boolean someConnectivity = (valid || partial || captive);
+            final boolean becameEvaluated = someConnectivity && nai.setEvaluated();
+            if (becameEvaluated) nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+
             if (!valid && shouldIgnoreValidationFailureAfterRoam(nai)) {
                 // Assume the validation failure is due to a temporary failure after roaming
                 // and ignore it. NetworkMonitor will continue to retry validation. If it
@@ -3834,8 +3841,13 @@
                 }
             } else if (partialConnectivityChanged) {
                 updateCapabilitiesForNetwork(nai);
+            } else if (becameEvaluated) {
+                // If valid or partial connectivity changed, updateCapabilities* has
+                // done the rematch.
+                rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
             }
             updateInetCondition(nai);
+
             // Let the NetworkAgent know the state of its network
             // TODO: Evaluate to update partial connectivity to status to NetworkAgent.
             nai.onValidationStatusChanged(
@@ -3843,13 +3855,13 @@
                     redirectUrl);
 
             // If NetworkMonitor detects partial connectivity before
-            // EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED arrives, show the partial connectivity notification
+            // EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT arrives, show the partial connectivity notification
             // immediately. Re-notify partial connectivity silently if no internet
             // notification already there.
             if (!wasPartial && nai.partialConnectivity()) {
                 // Remove delayed message if there is a pending message.
-                mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED, nai.network);
-                handlePromptUnvalidated(nai.network);
+                mHandler.removeMessages(EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT, nai.network);
+                handleInitialEvaluationTimeout(nai.network);
             }
 
             if (wasValidated && !nai.isValidated()) {
@@ -4949,11 +4961,11 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
-        if (VDBG) log("scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt " + nai.network);
+    /** Schedule evaluation timeout */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void scheduleEvaluationTimeout(@NonNull final Network network, final long delayMs) {
         mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(
-                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED, nai.network),
-                PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS);
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT, network), delayMs);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -5188,23 +5200,28 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private void handlePromptUnvalidated(Network network) {
-        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("handlePromptUnvalidated " + network);
-        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+    private void handleInitialEvaluationTimeout(@NonNull final Network network) {
+        if (VDBG || DDBG) log("handleInitialEvaluationTimeout " + network);
 
-        if (nai == null || !shouldPromptUnvalidated(nai)) {
-            return;
+        NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (null == nai) return;
+
+        if (nai.setEvaluated()) {
+            // If setEvaluated() returned true, the network never had any form of connectivity.
+            // This may have an impact on request matching if bad WiFi avoidance is off and the
+            // network was found not to have Internet access.
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
+            rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         }
 
+        if (!shouldPromptUnvalidated(nai)) return;
+
         // Stop automatically reconnecting to this network in the future. Automatically connecting
         // to a network that provides no or limited connectivity is not useful, because the user
         // cannot use that network except through the notification shown by this method, and the
         // notification is only shown if the network is explicitly selected by the user.
         nai.onPreventAutomaticReconnect();
 
-        // TODO: Evaluate if it's needed to wait 8 seconds for triggering notification when
-        // NetworkMonitor detects the network is partial connectivity. Need to change the design to
-        // popup the notification immediately when the network is partial connectivity.
         if (nai.partialConnectivity()) {
             showNetworkNotification(nai, NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
         } else {
@@ -5343,8 +5360,8 @@
                     handleSetAvoidUnvalidated((Network) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
-                case EVENT_PROMPT_UNVALIDATED: {
-                    handlePromptUnvalidated((Network) msg.obj);
+                case EVENT_INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT: {
+                    handleInitialEvaluationTimeout((Network) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_NETWORKS: {
@@ -9208,7 +9225,7 @@
                 networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkConnected(params.linkProperties,
                         params.networkCapabilities);
             }
-            scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(networkAgent);
+            scheduleEvaluationTimeout(networkAgent.network, INITIAL_EVALUATION_TIMEOUT_MS);
 
             // Whether a particular NetworkRequest listen should cause signal strength thresholds to
             // be communicated to a particular NetworkAgent depends only on the network's immutable,
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java b/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
index f89e354..d6c0e0d 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/UidOwnerValue.java
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@
 /** Value type for per uid traffic control configuration map  */
 public class UidOwnerValue extends Struct {
     // Allowed interface index. Only applicable if IIF_MATCH is set in the rule bitmask below.
-    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long iif;
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int iif;
 
     // A bitmask of match type.
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
     public final long rule;
 
-    public UidOwnerValue(final long iif, final long rule) {
+    public UidOwnerValue(final int iif, final long rule) {
         this.iif = iif;
         this.rule = rule;
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
index fed96b4..7b11eda 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyValue.java
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
     @Field(order = 1, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
     public final byte[] dst46;
 
-    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
-    public final long ifIndex;
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
+    public final int ifIndex;
 
     @Field(order = 3, type = Type.UBE16)
     public final int srcPort;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
         return mask;
     }
 
-    private DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final long ifIndex,
+    private DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final int ifIndex,
             final int srcPort, final int dstPortStart, final int dstPortEnd, final short proto,
             final byte dscp) {
         this.src46 = toAddressField(src46);
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
         this.mask = makeMask(this.src46, this.dst46, srcPort, dstPortStart, proto, dscp);
     }
 
-    public DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final long ifIndex,
+    public DscpPolicyValue(final InetAddress src46, final InetAddress dst46, final int ifIndex,
             final int srcPort, final Range<Integer> dstPort, final short proto,
             final byte dscp) {
         this(src46, dst46, ifIndex, srcPort, dstPort != null ? dstPort.getLower() : -1,
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
index 22a820b..aec4a71 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
@@ -85,13 +85,23 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE = 56;
 
+    // This network has undergone initial validation.
+    //
+    // The stack considers that any result finding some working connectivity (valid, partial,
+    // captive portal) is an initial validation. Negative result (not valid), however, is not
+    // considered initial validation until {@link ConnectivityService#PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS}
+    // have elapsed. This is because some networks may spuriously fail for a short time immediately
+    // after associating. If no positive result is found after the timeout has elapsed, then
+    // the network has been evaluated once.
+    public static final int POLICY_EVER_EVALUATED = 55;
+
     // The network agent has communicated that this network no longer functions, and the underlying
     // native network has been destroyed. The network will still be reported to clients as connected
     // until a timeout expires, the agent disconnects, or the network no longer satisfies requests.
     // This network should lose to an identical network that has not been destroyed, but should
     // otherwise be scored exactly the same.
     /** @hide */
-    public static final int POLICY_IS_DESTROYED = 55;
+    public static final int POLICY_IS_DESTROYED = 54;
 
     // To help iterate when printing
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -144,6 +154,7 @@
      * @param everValidated whether this network has ever validated
      * @param avoidUnvalidated whether the user said in UI to avoid this network when unvalidated
      * @param yieldToBadWiFi whether this network yields to a previously validated wifi gone bad
+     * @param everEvaluated whether this network ever evaluated at least once
      * @param destroyed whether this network has been destroyed pending a replacement connecting
      * @return a FullScore that is appropriate to use for ranking.
      */
@@ -153,7 +164,7 @@
     public static FullScore fromNetworkScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score,
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps, @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
             final boolean everValidated, final boolean avoidUnvalidated,
-            final boolean yieldToBadWiFi, final boolean destroyed) {
+            final boolean yieldToBadWiFi, final boolean everEvaluated, final boolean destroyed) {
         return withPolicies(score.getPolicies(),
                 score.getKeepConnectedReason(),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
@@ -164,6 +175,7 @@
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
                 yieldToBadWiFi,
                 false /* invincible */, // only prospective scores can be invincible
+                everEvaluated,
                 destroyed);
     }
 
@@ -198,15 +210,17 @@
         // Prospective scores are always unmetered, because unmetered networks are stronger
         // than metered networks, and it's not known in advance whether the network is metered.
         final boolean unmetered = true;
-        // A network can only be destroyed once it has connected.
-        final boolean destroyed = false;
         // A prospective score is invincible if the legacy int in the filter is over the maximum
         // score.
         final boolean invincible = score.getLegacyInt() > NetworkRanker.LEGACY_INT_MAX;
+        // A prospective network will eventually be evaluated.
+        final boolean everEvaluated = true;
+        // A network can only be destroyed once it has connected.
+        final boolean destroyed = false;
         return withPolicies(score.getPolicies(), KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE,
-                mayValidate, everValidated, vpn, everUserSelected, acceptUnvalidated,
-                avoidUnvalidated, unmetered,
-                yieldToBadWiFi, invincible, destroyed);
+                mayValidate, everValidated, vpn, everUserSelected,
+                acceptUnvalidated, avoidUnvalidated, unmetered, yieldToBadWiFi,
+                invincible, everEvaluated, destroyed);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -224,6 +238,7 @@
             final boolean everValidated,
             final boolean avoidUnvalidated,
             final boolean yieldToBadWifi,
+            final boolean everEvaluated,
             final boolean destroyed) {
         return withPolicies(mPolicies, mKeepConnectedReason,
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
@@ -234,6 +249,7 @@
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
                 yieldToBadWifi,
                 false /* invincible */, // only prospective scores can be invincible
+                everEvaluated,
                 destroyed);
     }
 
@@ -251,6 +267,7 @@
             final boolean isUnmetered,
             final boolean yieldToBadWiFi,
             final boolean invincible,
+            final boolean everEvaluated,
             final boolean destroyed) {
         return new FullScore((externalPolicies & EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK)
                 | (isValidated       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED : 0)
@@ -262,6 +279,7 @@
                 | (isUnmetered       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_UNMETERED : 0)
                 | (yieldToBadWiFi    ? 1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI : 0)
                 | (invincible        ? 1L << POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE : 0)
+                | (everEvaluated     ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_EVALUATED : 0)
                 | (destroyed         ? 1L << POLICY_IS_DESTROYED : 0),
                 keepConnectedReason);
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index d7be421..c732170 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
@@ -377,6 +378,34 @@
         return 0L != mPartialConnectivityTime;
     }
 
+    // Timestamp (SystemClock.elapsedRealTime()) at which the first validation attempt concluded,
+    // or timed out after {@link ConnectivityService#PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS}. 0 if not yet.
+    private long mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime;
+
+    /**
+     * Notify this NAI that this network has been evaluated.
+     *
+     * The stack considers that any result finding some working connectivity (valid, partial,
+     * captive portal) is an initial validation. Negative result (not valid), however, is not
+     * considered initial validation until {@link ConnectivityService#PROMPT_UNVALIDATED_DELAY_MS}
+     * have elapsed. This is because some networks may spuriously fail for a short time immediately
+     * after associating. If no positive result is found after the timeout has elapsed, then
+     * the network has been evaluated once.
+     *
+     * @return true the first time this is called on this object, then always returns false.
+     */
+    public boolean setEvaluated() {
+        if (0L != mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime) return false;
+        mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** When this network ever concluded its first evaluation, or 0 if this never happened. */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public long getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime() {
+        return mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime;
+    }
+
     // Delay between when the network is disconnected and when the native network is destroyed.
     public int teardownDelayMs;
 
@@ -975,7 +1004,8 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities oldNc = networkCapabilities;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
         mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, everValidated(),
-                0L != getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(), isDestroyed());
+                0L != getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(),
+                0L != mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime, isDestroyed());
         final NetworkMonitorManager nm = mNetworkMonitor;
         if (nm != null) {
             nm.notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(nc);
@@ -1178,7 +1208,8 @@
      */
     public void setScore(final NetworkScore score) {
         mScore = FullScore.fromNetworkScore(score, networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
-                everValidated(), 0L == getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(), isDestroyed());
+                everValidated(), 0L == getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(),
+                0L != mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime, isDestroyed());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1188,7 +1219,8 @@
      */
     public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate() {
         mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
-                everValidated(), 0L != getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(), isDestroyed());
+                everValidated(), 0L != getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(),
+                0L != mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime, isDestroyed());
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
index 155f6c4..45da0ea 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
@@ -394,8 +394,9 @@
         Toast.makeText(mContext, text, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
     }
 
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static String tagFor(int id) {
+    /** Get the logging tag for a notification ID */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE)
+    public static String tagFor(int id) {
         return String.format("ConnectivityNotification:%d", id);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
index a6179fc..23cb15c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -61,7 +61,9 @@
     // uncomment when b/13249961 is fixed
     // sdk_version: "current",
     platform_apis: true,
-    required: ["ConnectivityChecker"],
+    data: [":ConnectivityChecker"],
+    per_testcase_directory: true,
+    host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
     test_config_template: "AndroidTestTemplate.xml",
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
index 6b5bb93..25490da 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS" />
 
     <!-- TODO (b/186093901): remove after fixing resource querying -->
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
index 60e31bc..6610d10 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
@@ -40,8 +40,12 @@
 #define LOGD(fmt, ...) \
         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define EXPECT_GE(env, actual, expected, msg)                        \
+// Since the tests in this file commonly pass expression statements as parameters to these macros,
+// get the returned value of the statements to avoid statement double-called.
+#define EXPECT_GE(env, actual_stmt, expected_stmt, msg)              \
     do {                                                             \
+        const auto expected = (expected_stmt);                       \
+        const auto actual = (actual_stmt);                           \
         if (actual < expected) {                                     \
             jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
                     "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GE: expected %d, got %d",      \
@@ -49,8 +53,10 @@
         }                                                            \
     } while (0)
 
-#define EXPECT_GT(env, actual, expected, msg)                        \
+#define EXPECT_GT(env, actual_stmt, expected_stmt, msg)              \
     do {                                                             \
+        const auto expected = (expected_stmt);                       \
+        const auto actual = (actual_stmt);                           \
         if (actual <= expected) {                                    \
             jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
                     "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_GT: expected %d, got %d",      \
@@ -58,8 +64,10 @@
         }                                                            \
     } while (0)
 
-#define EXPECT_EQ(env, expected, actual, msg)                        \
+#define EXPECT_EQ(env, expected_stmt, actual_stmt, msg)              \
     do {                                                             \
+        const auto expected = (expected_stmt);                       \
+        const auto actual = (actual_stmt);                           \
         if (actual != expected) {                                    \
             jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/lang/AssertionError",    \
                     "%s:%d: %s EXPECT_EQ: expected %d, got %d",      \
@@ -110,6 +118,18 @@
             // If there is no valid answer, test will fail.
             continue;
         }
+
+        const int rtype = ns_rr_type(rr);
+        if (family == AF_INET) {
+            // If there is no expected address type, test will fail.
+            if (rtype != ns_t_a) continue;
+        } else if (family == AF_INET6) {
+            // If there is no expected address type, test will fail.
+            if (rtype != ns_t_aaaa) continue;
+        } else {
+            return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+
         const uint8_t* rdata = ns_rr_rdata(rr);
         char buffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
         if (inet_ntop(family, (const char*) rdata, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL) {
@@ -161,7 +181,7 @@
     // V6
     fd = android_res_nquery(handle, kHostname, ns_c_in, ns_t_aaaa, 0);
     EXPECT_GE(env, fd, 0, "v6 res_nquery");
-    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET, ns_r_noerror),
+    EXPECT_EQ(env, 0, expectAnswersValid(env, fd, AF_INET6, ns_r_noerror),
             "v6 res_nquery check answers");
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index cece4df..8dbcc00 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.ServiceManager;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
-import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
@@ -353,7 +352,8 @@
         // Get com.android.internal.R.array.networkAttributes
         int resId = mContext.getResources().getIdentifier("networkAttributes", "array", "android");
         String[] naStrings = mContext.getResources().getStringArray(resId);
-        boolean wifiOnly = SystemProperties.getBoolean("ro.radio.noril", false);
+        boolean wifiOnly = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
+                && !mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY);
         for (String naString : naStrings) {
             try {
                 final String[] splitConfig = naString.split(",");
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index 97688d5..28edcb2 100644
--- a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -269,6 +269,7 @@
         mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkScore(score);
     }
 
+    // TODO : remove adjustScore and replace with the appropriate exiting flags.
     public void adjustScore(int change) {
         final int newLegacyScore = mScore.getLegacyInt() + change;
         final NetworkScore.Builder builder = new NetworkScore.Builder()
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index eb5d2ef..8450c2b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.setChildChain(FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE, true /* enable */));
     }
 
-    private void checkUidOwnerValue(final long uid, final long expectedIif,
+    private void checkUidOwnerValue(final long uid, final int expectedIif,
             final long expectedMatch) throws Exception {
         final UidOwnerValue config = mUidOwnerMap.getValue(new U32(uid));
         if (expectedMatch == 0) {
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestRemoveNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
         mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID);
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestAddNaughtyApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestAddNaughtyApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
             mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
         }
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNaughtyApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveNiceApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestRemoveNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
         mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
 
         mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID);
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.removeNiceApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestAddNiceApp(final long iif, final long match) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestAddNiceApp(final int iif, final long match) throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
             mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
         }
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@
                 () -> mBpfNetMaps.addNiceApp(TEST_UID));
     }
 
-    private void doTestUpdateUidLockdownRule(final long iif, final long match, final boolean add)
+    private void doTestUpdateUidLockdownRule(final int iif, final long match, final boolean add)
             throws Exception {
         if (match != NO_MATCH) {
             mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(TEST_UID), new UidOwnerValue(iif, match));
@@ -565,8 +565,8 @@
         checkUidOwnerValue(uid1, NULL_IIF, match1);
     }
 
-    private void doTestRemoveUidInterfaceRules(final long iif0, final long match0,
-            final long iif1, final long match1) throws Exception {
+    private void doTestRemoveUidInterfaceRules(final int iif0, final long match0,
+            final int iif1, final long match1) throws Exception {
         final int uid0 = TEST_UIDS[0];
         final int uid1 = TEST_UIDS[1];
         mUidOwnerMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid0), new UidOwnerValue(iif0, match0));
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 85aec56..d2a7135 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -365,9 +365,9 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ClatCoordinator;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.Nat464Xlat;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.QosCallbackTracker;
@@ -1845,21 +1845,12 @@
 
     class ConnectivityServiceDependencies extends ConnectivityService.Dependencies {
         final ConnectivityResources mConnRes;
-        @Mock final MockableSystemProperties mSystemProperties;
 
         ConnectivityServiceDependencies(final Context mockResContext) {
-            mSystemProperties = mock(MockableSystemProperties.class);
-            doReturn(false).when(mSystemProperties).getBoolean("ro.radio.noril", false);
-
             mConnRes = new ConnectivityResources(mockResContext);
         }
 
         @Override
-        public MockableSystemProperties getSystemProperties() {
-            return mSystemProperties;
-        }
-
-        @Override
         public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
             return mCsHandlerThread;
         }
@@ -3533,6 +3524,54 @@
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
     }
 
+    /** Expects the specified notification and returns the notification ID. */
+    private int expectNotification(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent, NotificationType type) {
+        verify(mNotificationManager).notify(
+                eq(NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(agent.getNetwork().netId)),
+                eq(type.eventId), any());
+        return type.eventId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Expects the specified notification happens when the unvalidated prompt message arrives
+     *
+     * @return the notification ID.
+     **/
+    private int expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotify(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent,
+            NotificationType type) {
+        mService.scheduleEvaluationTimeout(agent.getNetwork(), 0 /* delayMs */);
+        waitForIdle();
+        return expectNotification(agent, type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Expects that the notification for the specified network is cleared.
+     *
+     * This generally happens when the network disconnects or when the newtwork validates. During
+     * normal usage the notification is also cleared by the system when the notification is tapped.
+     */
+    private void expectClearNotification(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent, int expectedId) {
+        verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(
+                eq(NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(agent.getNetwork().netId)), eq(expectedId));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Expects that no notification happens when the unvalidated prompt message arrives
+     *
+     * @return the notification ID.
+     **/
+    private void expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent) {
+        mService.scheduleEvaluationTimeout(agent.getNetwork(), 0 /*delayMs */);
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+    }
+
+    private void expectDisconnectAndClearNotifications(TestNetworkCallback callback,
+            TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent, int id) {
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, agent);
+        expectClearNotification(agent, id);
+    }
+
     private NativeNetworkConfig nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(int netId, int permission) {
         return new NativeNetworkConfig(netId, NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL, permission,
                 /*secure=*/ false, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE, /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
@@ -3653,10 +3692,13 @@
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
-        // Cell Remains the default.
+        // Cell remains the default.
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
-        // Lower wifi's score to below than cell, and check that it doesn't disconnect because
+        // Expect a high-priority NO_INTERNET notification.
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent, NotificationType.NO_INTERNET);
+
+        // Lower WiFi's score to lower than cell, and check that it doesn't disconnect because
         // it's explicitly selected.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(-40);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(40);
@@ -3670,18 +3712,26 @@
 
         // Disconnect wifi, and then reconnect, again with explicitlySelected=true.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
-        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        expectDisconnectAndClearNotifications(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                NotificationType.NO_INTERNET.eventId);
+
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true, false);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
+        // Expect a high-priority NO_INTERNET notification.
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent, NotificationType.NO_INTERNET);
+
         // If the user chooses no on the "No Internet access, stay connected?" dialog, we ask the
         // network to disconnect.
         mCm.setAcceptUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false, false);
-        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        expectDisconnectAndClearNotifications(callback, mWiFiNetworkAgent,
+                NotificationType.NO_INTERNET.eventId);
+        reset(mNotificationManager);
 
         // Reconnect, again with explicitlySelected=true, but this time validate.
+        // Expect no notifications.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true, false);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
@@ -3689,6 +3739,7 @@
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
         callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
         mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
         mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
@@ -3711,16 +3762,19 @@
         assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         mEthernetNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
         // Disconnect and reconnect with explicitlySelected=false and acceptUnvalidated=true.
         // Check that the network is not scored specially and that the device prefers cell data.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(false, true);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
         // Clean up.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
@@ -3730,6 +3784,63 @@
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
     }
 
+    private void doTestFirstEvaluation(
+            @NonNull final Consumer<TestNetworkAgentWrapper> doConnect,
+            final boolean waitForSecondCaps,
+            final boolean evaluatedByValidation)
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .build();
+        TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
+
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        doConnect.accept(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        // Expect the available callbacks, but don't require specific values for their arguments
+        // since this method doesn't know how the network was connected.
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        if (waitForSecondCaps) {
+            // This is necessary because of b/245893397, the same bug that happens where we use
+            // expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks.
+            callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        }
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai =
+                mService.getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        final long firstEvaluation = nai.getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime();
+        if (evaluatedByValidation) {
+            assertNotEquals(0L, firstEvaluation);
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(0L, firstEvaluation);
+        }
+        mService.scheduleEvaluationTimeout(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), 0L /* timeout */);
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (evaluatedByValidation) {
+            assertEquals(firstEvaluation, nai.getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime());
+        } else {
+            assertNotEquals(0L, nai.getFirstEvaluationConcludedTime());
+        }
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEverEvaluated() throws Exception {
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connect(true /* validated */),
+                true /* waitForSecondCaps */, true /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connectWithPartialConnectivity(),
+                true /* waitForSecondCaps */, true /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connectWithCaptivePortal(TEST_REDIRECT_URL, false),
+                true /* waitForSecondCaps */, true /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+        doTestFirstEvaluation(naw -> naw.connect(false /* validated */),
+                false /* waitForSecondCaps */, false /* immediatelyEvaluated */);
+    }
+
     private void tryNetworkFactoryRequests(int capability) throws Exception {
         // Verify NOT_RESTRICTED is set appropriately
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addCapability(capability)
@@ -4088,6 +4199,12 @@
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         callback.assertNoCallback();
 
+        // Expect a PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY notification. The notification appears as soon as partial
+        // connectivity is detected, and is low priority because the network was not explicitly
+        // selected by the user. This happens if we reconnect to a network where the user previously
+        // accepted partial connectivity without checking "always".
+        expectNotification(mWiFiNetworkAgent, NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+
         // With HTTPS probe disabled, NetworkMonitor should pass the network validation with http
         // probe.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartialValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
@@ -4100,7 +4217,7 @@
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, times(1)).setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
 
-        // Need a trigger point to let NetworkMonitor tell ConnectivityService that network is
+        // Need a trigger point to let NetworkMonitor tell ConnectivityService that the network is
         // validated.
         mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
@@ -4109,9 +4226,13 @@
         assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY));
         assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
+        // Once the network validates, the notification disappears.
+        expectClearNotification(mWiFiNetworkAgent, NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY.eventId);
+
         // Disconnect and reconnect wifi with partial connectivity again.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithPartialConnectivity();
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
@@ -4119,20 +4240,28 @@
 
         // Mobile data should be the default network.
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+        waitForIdle();
+
+        // Expect a low-priority PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY notification as soon as partial connectivity
+        // is detected.
+        expectNotification(mWiFiNetworkAgent, NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
 
         // If the user chooses no, disconnect wifi immediately.
-        mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false/* accept */,
+        mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false /* accept */,
                 false /* always */);
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        expectClearNotification(mWiFiNetworkAgent, NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY.eventId);
+        reset(mNotificationManager);
 
-        // If user accepted partial connectivity before, and device reconnects to that network
-        // again, but now the network has full connectivity. The network shouldn't contain
+        // If the user accepted partial connectivity before, and the device connects to that network
+        // again, but now the network has full connectivity, then the network shouldn't contain
         // NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         // acceptUnvalidated is also used as setting for accepting partial networks.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.explicitlySelected(true /* explicitlySelected */,
                 true /* acceptUnvalidated */);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
         // If user accepted partial connectivity network before,
         // NetworkMonitor#setAcceptPartialConnectivity() will be called in
@@ -4163,9 +4292,11 @@
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
 
-        // Need a trigger point to let NetworkMonitor tell ConnectivityService that network is
+        // Need a trigger point to let NetworkMonitor tell ConnectivityService that the network is
         // validated.
         mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
         callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
@@ -4187,8 +4318,10 @@
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
         callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(
                 NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY | NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        expectUnvalidationCheckWillNotNotify(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNotificationManager);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -16494,19 +16627,21 @@
         assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> mService.unofferNetwork(null));
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testIgnoreValidationAfterRoamDisabled() throws Exception {
+    public void doTestIgnoreValidationAfterRoam(final boolean enabled) throws Exception {
         assumeFalse(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
-        // testIgnoreValidationAfterRoam off
-        doReturn(-1).when(mResources)
+        doReturn(enabled ? 5000 : -1).when(mResources)
                 .getInteger(R.integer.config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis);
 
         mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
         NetworkCapabilities wifiNc1 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
                 .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA").build());
         NetworkCapabilities wifiNc2 = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
                 .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB").build());
         final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
@@ -16518,51 +16653,74 @@
         final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
-        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
+        mCm.requestNetwork(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
         wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
         mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
 
-        // Wi-Fi roaming from wifiNc1 to wifiNc2.
+        // There is a bug in the current code where ignoring validation after roam will not
+        // correctly change the default network if the result if the validation is partial or
+        // captive portal. TODO : fix the bug and reinstate this code.
+        if (false) {
+            // Wi-Fi roaming from wifiNc1 to wifiNc2 but the network is now behind a captive portal.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc2, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+            // The only thing changed in this CAPS is the BSSID, which can't be tested for in this
+            // test because it's redacted.
+            wifiNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPortal(TEST_REDIRECT_URL, false /* isStrictMode */);
+            mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+            // Wi-Fi is now detected to have a portal : cell should become the default network.
+            mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+            // Wi-Fi becomes valid again. The default network goes back to Wi-Fi.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+            mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+            mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+            // Wi-Fi roaming from wifiNc2 to wifiNc1, and the network now has partial connectivity.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc1, true);
+            wifiNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartial();
+            mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+            // Wi-Fi now only offers partial connectivity, so in the absence of accepting partial
+            // connectivity explicitly for this network, it loses default status to cell.
+            mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+            // Wi-Fi becomes valid again. The default network goes back to Wi-Fi.
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
+            mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+            mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+            wifiNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithout(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                    mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        }
+
+        // Wi-Fi roams from wifiNc1 to wifiNc2, and now becomes really invalid. If validation
+        // failures after roam are not ignored, this will cause cell to become the default network.
+        // If they are ignored, this will not cause a switch until later.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc2, true);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false /* isStrictMode */);
         mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
-        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
-    }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testIgnoreValidationAfterRoamEnabled() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
-        // testIgnoreValidationAfterRoam on
-        doReturn(5000).when(mResources)
-                .getInteger(R.integer.config_validationFailureAfterRoamIgnoreTimeMillis);
-
-        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        NetworkCapabilities wifiNc1 = new NetworkCapabilities()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA").build());
-        NetworkCapabilities wifiNc2 = new NetworkCapabilities()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().setBssid("BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB").build());
-        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
-        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp, wifiNc1);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-
-        // The default network will be switching to Wi-Fi Network.
-        final TestNetworkCallback wifiNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        final NetworkRequest wifiRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
-        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(wifiRequest, wifiNetworkCallback);
-        wifiNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
-        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Wi-Fi roaming from wifiNc1 to wifiNc2.
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkCapabilities(wifiNc2, true);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(false);
-        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
+        if (!enabled) {
+            mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            return;
+        }
 
         // Network validation failed, but the result will be ignored.
         assertTrue(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()).hasCapability(
@@ -16579,6 +16737,17 @@
         waitForValidationBlock.block(150);
         mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), false);
         mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreValidationAfterRoamDisabled() throws Exception {
+        doTestIgnoreValidationAfterRoam(false /* enabled */);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreValidationAfterRoamEnabled() throws Exception {
+        doTestIgnoreValidationAfterRoam(true /* enabled */);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
index c8a62be..b39e960 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_EVALUATED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_DESTROYED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_UNMETERED
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@
         vpn: Boolean = false,
         onceChosen: Boolean = false,
         acceptUnvalidated: Boolean = false,
+        everEvaluated: Boolean = true,
         destroyed: Boolean = false
     ): FullScore {
         val nac = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@
             if (validated) addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
         }.build()
         return mixInScore(nc, nac, validated, false /* avoidUnvalidated */,
-                false /* yieldToBadWifi */, destroyed)
+                false /* yieldToBadWifi */, everEvaluated, destroyed)
     }
 
     private val TAG = this::class.simpleName
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@
         assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(onceChosen = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED))
         assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(acceptUnvalidated = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED))
         assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(destroyed = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_DESTROYED))
+        assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(everEvaluated = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_EVALUATED))
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 1fda04e..795eb47 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -1434,7 +1434,7 @@
         final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCallback> networkCallbackCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCallback.class);
         verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .requestNetwork(any(), networkCallbackCaptor.capture());
+                .registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallbackCaptor.capture(), any());
 
         // onAvailable() will trigger onDefaultNetworkChanged(), so NetdUtils#setInterfaceUp will be
         // invoked. Set the return value of INetd#interfaceGetCfg to prevent NullPointerException.
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
index c6852d1..c730856 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdaterTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,14 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EPERM;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@@ -27,15 +34,18 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -44,6 +54,9 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
 @SmallTest
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
@@ -56,13 +69,14 @@
     private final TestLooper mLooper = new TestLooper();
     private BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener mListener;
     private BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mUpdater;
-    @Mock private IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
+    private IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap =
+            spy(new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class));
     @Mock private INetd mNetd;
     @Mock private Context mContext;
 
     private class TestDependencies extends BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.Dependencies {
         @Override
-        public IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+        public IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
             return mBpfMap;
         }
 
@@ -100,7 +114,7 @@
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener.class);
         verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(listenerCaptor.capture());
         mListener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
-        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new U32(TEST_INDEX)),
+        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new S32(TEST_INDEX)),
                 eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME)));
     }
 
@@ -110,7 +124,7 @@
 
         mListener.onInterfaceAdded(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new U32(TEST_INDEX2)),
+        verify(mBpfMap).updateEntry(eq(new S32(TEST_INDEX2)),
                 eq(new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2)));
 
         // Check that when onInterfaceRemoved is called, nothing happens.
@@ -118,4 +132,43 @@
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mBpfMap);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIfNameByIndex() throws Exception {
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
+        assertEquals(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME, mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIfNameByIndexNoEntry() {
+        assertNull(mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIfNameByIndexException() throws Exception {
+        doThrow(new ErrnoException("", EPERM)).when(mBpfMap).getValue(new S32(TEST_INDEX));
+        assertNull(mUpdater.getIfNameByIndex(TEST_INDEX));
+    }
+
+    private void assertDumpContains(final String dump, final String message) {
+        assertTrue(String.format("dump(%s) does not contain '%s'", dump, message),
+                dump.contains(message));
+    }
+
+    private String getDump() {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        mUpdater.dump(new IndentingPrintWriter(new PrintWriter(sw), " "));
+        return sw.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDump() throws ErrnoException {
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME));
+        mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(TEST_INDEX2), new InterfaceMapValue(TEST_INTERFACE_NAME2));
+
+        final String dump = getDump();
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "IfaceIndexNameMap: OK");
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "ifaceIndex=1 ifaceName=test1");
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "ifaceIndex=2 ifaceName=test2");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValueTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValueTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee13d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValueTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class InterfaceMapValueTest {
+    private static final String IF_NAME = "wlan0";
+    private static final byte[] IF_NAME_BYTE = new byte[]{'w', 'l', 'a', 'n', '0'};
+    private static final byte[] IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING =
+            new byte[]{'w', 'l', 'a', 'n', '0', 0, 0, 0,
+                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; // IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING.length = 16
+    private static final byte[] IF_NAME_BYTE_LONG =
+            new byte[]{'w', 'l', 'a', 'n', '0', 0, 0, 0,
+                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; // IF_NAME_BYTE_LONG.length = 24
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceMapValueFromString() {
+        final InterfaceMapValue value = new InterfaceMapValue(IF_NAME);
+        assertArrayEquals(IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING, value.interfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceMapValueFromByte() {
+        final InterfaceMapValue value = new InterfaceMapValue(IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING);
+        assertArrayEquals(IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING, value.interfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceMapValueFromByteShort() {
+        final InterfaceMapValue value = new InterfaceMapValue(IF_NAME_BYTE);
+        assertArrayEquals(IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING, value.interfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterfaceMapValueFromByteLong() {
+        final InterfaceMapValue value = new InterfaceMapValue(IF_NAME_BYTE_LONG);
+        assertArrayEquals(IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING, value.interfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetInterfaceNameString() {
+        final InterfaceMapValue value = new InterfaceMapValue(IF_NAME_BYTE_WITH_PADDING);
+        assertEquals(IF_NAME, value.getInterfaceNameString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index e27e4e2..6448819 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
-import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapKey;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.CookieTagMapValue;
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     @Mock
     private LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
-    private TestBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap = spy(new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U8.class));
+    private TestBpfMap<S32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap = spy(new TestBpfMap<>(S32.class, U8.class));
     @Mock
     private BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
     @Mock
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@
             }
 
             @Override
-            public IBpfMap<U32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
+            public IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
                 return mUidCounterSetMap;
             }
 
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 4);
         mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
         verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
-                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+                eq(new S32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 6);
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@
                 .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, 0xFAAD, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 0L));
         mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
         verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
-                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+                eq(new S32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 1);
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
@@ -1927,7 +1927,7 @@
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 4);
         mService.noteUidForeground(UID_RED, true);
         verify(mUidCounterSetMap).updateEntry(
-                eq(new U32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
+                eq(new S32(UID_RED)), eq(new U8((short) SET_FOREGROUND)));
         mService.incrementOperationCount(UID_RED, 0xFAAD, 6);
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
@@ -2424,13 +2424,13 @@
 
         mAppUidStatsMap.insertEntry(new UidStatsMapKey(uid), new StatsMapValue(10, 10000, 6, 6000));
 
-        mUidCounterSetMap.insertEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) 1));
+        mUidCounterSetMap.insertEntry(new S32(uid), new U8((short) 1));
 
         assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(uid));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, uid));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, uid));
         assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(uid)));
-        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(uid)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new S32(uid)));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -2447,14 +2447,14 @@
         assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_BLUE));
         assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_BLUE));
         assertFalse(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_BLUE)));
-        assertFalse(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_BLUE)));
+        assertFalse(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new S32(UID_BLUE)));
 
         // assert that UID_RED related tag data is still in the maps.
         assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(UID_RED));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_RED));
         assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_RED));
         assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_RED)));
-        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_RED)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new S32(UID_RED)));
     }
 
     private void assertDumpContains(final String dump, final String message) {
@@ -2528,4 +2528,28 @@
         assertDumpContains(dump, "uid rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets");
         assertDumpContains(dump, "1002 10000 10 6000 6");
     }
+
+    private void doTestDumpStatsMap(final String expectedIfaceName) throws ErrnoException {
+        initBpfMapsWithTagData(UID_BLUE);
+
+        final String dump = getDump();
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "mStatsMapA: OK");
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "mStatsMapB: OK");
+        assertDumpContains(dump,
+                "ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets");
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "10 " + expectedIfaceName + " 0x2 1002 0 5000 5 3000 3");
+        assertDumpContains(dump, "10 " + expectedIfaceName + " 0x1 1002 0 5000 5 3000 3");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDumpStatsMap() throws ErrnoException {
+        doReturn("wlan0").when(mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
+        doTestDumpStatsMap("wlan0");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDumpStatsMapUnknownInterface() throws ErrnoException {
+        doReturn(null).when(mBpfInterfaceMapUpdater).getIfNameByIndex(10 /* index */);
+        doTestDumpStatsMap("unknown");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tools/Android.bp b/tools/Android.bp
index 1fa93bb..7d6b248 100644
--- a/tools/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/Android.bp
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 java_library {
     name: "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib",
     srcs: ["testdata/java/**/*.java"],
+    libs: ["unsupportedappusage"],
     visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
 }
 
@@ -67,6 +68,17 @@
     compile_dex: false,
 }
 
+java_library {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib-for-test",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    // Not strictly necessary but specified as this MUST not have generate
+    // a dex jar as that will break the tests.
+    compile_dex: false,
+}
+
 python_test_host {
     name: "jarjar-rules-generator-test",
     srcs: [
@@ -75,8 +87,11 @@
     ],
     data: [
         "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt",
+        // two unsupportedappusage lists with different classes to test using multiple lists
         "testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt",
+        "testdata/test-other-unsupportedappusage.txt",
         ":framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib-for-test",
+        ":framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib-for-test",
         ":jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib",
     ],
     main: "gen_jarjar_test.py",
diff --git a/tools/gen_jarjar.py b/tools/gen_jarjar.py
index 2ff53fa..eb686ce 100755
--- a/tools/gen_jarjar.py
+++ b/tools/gen_jarjar.py
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 def parse_arguments(argv):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
-        '--jars', nargs='+',
-        help='Path to pre-jarjar JAR. Can be followed by multiple space-separated paths.')
+        'jars', nargs='+',
+        help='Path to pre-jarjar JAR. Multiple jars can be specified.')
     parser.add_argument(
         '--prefix', required=True,
         help='Package prefix to use for jarjared classes, '
@@ -37,18 +37,17 @@
     parser.add_argument(
         '--output', required=True, help='Path to output jarjar rules file.')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '--apistubs', nargs='*', default=[],
-        help='Path to API stubs jar. Classes that are API will not be jarjared. Can be followed by '
-             'multiple space-separated paths.')
+        '--apistubs', action='append', default=[],
+        help='Path to API stubs jar. Classes that are API will not be jarjared. Can be repeated to '
+             'specify multiple jars.')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '--unsupportedapi', nargs='*', default=[],
-        help='Path to UnsupportedAppUsage hidden API .txt lists. '
-             'Classes that have UnsupportedAppUsage API will not be jarjared. Can be followed by '
-             'multiple space-separated paths.')
+        '--unsupportedapi',
+        help='Column(:)-separated paths to UnsupportedAppUsage hidden API .txt lists. '
+             'Classes that have UnsupportedAppUsage API will not be jarjared.')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '--excludes', nargs='*', default=[],
-        help='Path to files listing classes that should not be jarjared. Can be followed by '
-             'multiple space-separated paths. '
+        '--excludes', action='append', default=[],
+        help='Path to files listing classes that should not be jarjared. Can be repeated to '
+             'specify multiple files.'
              'Each file should contain one full-match regex per line. Empty lines or lines '
              'starting with "#" are ignored.')
     return parser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -103,8 +102,10 @@
     for apistubs_file in args.apistubs:
         excluded_classes.update(_list_toplevel_jar_classes(apistubs_file))
 
-    for unsupportedapi_file in args.unsupportedapi:
-        excluded_classes.update(_list_hiddenapi_classes(unsupportedapi_file))
+    unsupportedapi_files = (args.unsupportedapi and args.unsupportedapi.split(':')) or []
+    for unsupportedapi_file in unsupportedapi_files:
+        if unsupportedapi_file:
+            excluded_classes.update(_list_hiddenapi_classes(unsupportedapi_file))
 
     exclude_regexes = []
     for exclude_file in args.excludes:
diff --git a/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py b/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
index 8d8e82b..f5bf499 100644
--- a/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
+++ b/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
 class TestGenJarjar(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_gen_rules(self):
         args = gen_jarjar.parse_arguments([
-            "--jars", "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib.jar",
+            "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib.jar",
             "--prefix", "jarjar.prefix",
             "--output", "test-output-rules.txt",
             "--apistubs", "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib.jar",
-            "--unsupportedapi", "testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt",
+            "--unsupportedapi", ":testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt",
             "--excludes", "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt",
         ])
         gen_jarjar.make_jarjar_rules(args)
@@ -43,6 +43,39 @@
         with open(args.output) as out:
             lines = out.readlines()
 
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertListEqual([
+            'rule android.net.IpSecTransform jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule android.net.IpSecTransformTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule android.net.IpSecTransformTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.unsupportedappusage.OtherUnsupportedUsageClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.unsupportedappusage.OtherUnsupportedUsageClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.unsupportedappusage.OtherUnsupportedUsageClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n'
+        ], lines)
+
+    def test_gen_rules_repeated_args(self):
+        args = gen_jarjar.parse_arguments([
+            "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib.jar",
+            "--prefix", "jarjar.prefix",
+            "--output", "test-output-rules.txt",
+            "--apistubs", "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib.jar",
+            "--apistubs", "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib.jar",
+            "--unsupportedapi",
+            "testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt:testdata/test-other-unsupportedappusage.txt",
+            "--excludes", "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt",
+        ])
+        gen_jarjar.make_jarjar_rules(args)
+
+        with open(args.output) as out:
+            lines = out.readlines()
+
+        self.maxDiff = None
         self.assertListEqual([
             'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
             'rule test.utils.TestUtilClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
diff --git a/tools/testdata/java/android/net/IpSecTransform.java b/tools/testdata/java/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0140bc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/java/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * Test class with a name matching a public API in a secondary (framework-connectivity-t) stubs jar.
+ */
+public class IpSecTransform {
+}
diff --git a/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/OtherUnsupportedUsageClass.java b/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/OtherUnsupportedUsageClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d3ae2e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/OtherUnsupportedUsageClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package test.unsupportedappusage;
+
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+
+public class OtherUnsupportedUsageClass {
+    // The annotation is just for completeness, what matters is the unsupportedappusage.txt file
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void testSecondMethod() {}
+}
diff --git a/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass.java b/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass.java
index 9d32296..460c91b 100644
--- a/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass.java
+++ b/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass.java
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 
 package test.unsupportedappusage;
 
+
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+
 public class TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass {
+    // The annotation is just for completeness, what matters is the unsupportedappusage.txt file
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
     public void testMethod() {}
 }
diff --git a/tools/testdata/test-other-unsupportedappusage.txt b/tools/testdata/test-other-unsupportedappusage.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7d74a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/test-other-unsupportedappusage.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ltest/unsupportedappusage/OtherUnsupportedUsageClass;->testSecondMethod()V
\ No newline at end of file