diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 85d77f2..ce3522a 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -1147,7 +1147,11 @@
 
         mKeepaliveTracker = new KeepaliveTracker(mContext, mHandler);
         mNotifier = new NetworkNotificationManager(mContext, mTelephonyManager,
-                mContext.getSystemService(NotificationManager.class));
+                // Pass a NotificationManager obtained from a context with UserHandle.ALL, then
+                // NetworkNotificationManager can put up a notification to all users.
+                // TODO: Create NotificationManager in NetworkNotificationManager directly.
+                (NotificationManager) mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0 /* flags */)
+                        .getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE));
 
         final int dailyLimit = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                 Settings.Global.NETWORK_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION_DAILY_LIMIT,
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
index 26356b4..3d22d6d 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
-import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
@@ -75,8 +74,11 @@
     private static final boolean DBG = true;
     private static final boolean VDBG = false;
 
+    // The context is for the current user (system server)
     private final Context mContext;
     private final TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    // The notification manager is created from a context for User.ALL, so notifications
+    // will be sent to all users.
     private final NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
     // Tracks the types of notifications managed by this instance, from creation to cancellation.
     private final SparseIntArray mNotificationTypeMap;
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@
 
         mNotificationTypeMap.put(id, eventId);
         try {
-            mNotificationManager.notifyAsUser(tag, eventId, notification, UserHandle.ALL);
+            mNotificationManager.notify(tag, eventId, notification);
         } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
             Slog.d(TAG, "setNotificationVisible: visible notificationManager error", npe);
         }
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@
                    nameOf(eventId)));
         }
         try {
-            mNotificationManager.cancelAsUser(tag, eventId, UserHandle.ALL);
+            mNotificationManager.cancel(tag, eventId);
         } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
             Slog.d(TAG, String.format(
                     "failed to clear notification tag=%s event=%s", tag, nameOf(eventId)), npe);
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 9e770c5..9e7d4ad 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -251,6 +251,7 @@
 import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
@@ -452,6 +453,13 @@
         }
 
         @Override
+        public Context createContextAsUser(UserHandle user, int flags) {
+            final Context asUser = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(this));
+            doReturn(user).when(asUser).getUser();
+            return asUser;
+        }
+
+        @Override
         public ContentResolver getContentResolver() {
             return mContentResolver;
         }
@@ -4992,22 +5000,22 @@
         // simulate that situation and check if ConnectivityService could filter that case.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).notifyAsUser(anyString(),
-                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any(), eq(UserHandle.ALL));
+        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).notify(anyString(),
+                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any());
         // If private DNS resolution successful, the PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification shouldn't be
         // shown.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid(true /* isStrictMode */);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).cancelAsUser(anyString(),
-                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), eq(UserHandle.ALL));
+        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).cancel(anyString(),
+                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId));
         // If private DNS resolution failed again, the PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN notification should be
         // shown again.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkInvalid(true /* isStrictMode */);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(2)).notifyAsUser(anyString(),
-                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any(), eq(UserHandle.ALL));
+        verify(mNotificationManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(2)).notify(anyString(),
+                eq(NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
index 47db5d4..fa4df4e 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
         final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
         mManager.showNotification(id, PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN, nai, null, null, true);
         verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any(), any());
+                .notify(eq(tag), eq(PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN.eventId), any());
         final int transportType = NetworkNotificationManager.approximateTransportType(nai);
         if (transportType == NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) {
             verify(mResources, times(1)).getString(title, eq(any()));
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@
             final int id = ids.get(i);
             final int eventId = types.get(i).eventId;
             final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
-            verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(eventId), any(), any());
-            verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancelAsUser(eq(tag), eq(eventId), any());
+            verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(eventId), any());
+            verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(eventId));
         }
     }
 
@@ -174,13 +174,13 @@
         mManager.showNotification(100, NO_INTERNET, mCellNai, mWifiNai, null, false);
         mManager.showNotification(101, LOST_INTERNET, mCellNai, mWifiNai, null, false);
 
-        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notifyAsUser(any(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), anyInt(), any());
 
         mManager.showNotification(102, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
 
         final int eventId = NO_INTERNET.eventId;
         final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(102);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(eventId), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(eventId), any());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
         mManager.showNotification(103, LOST_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
         mManager.showNotification(104, NETWORK_SWITCH, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
 
-        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notifyAsUser(any(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), anyInt(), any());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -201,19 +201,16 @@
 
         // Show first NO_INTERNET
         mManager.showNotification(id, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any());
 
         // Captive portal detection triggers SIGN_IN a bit later, clearing the previous NO_INTERNET
         mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .cancelAsUser(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any());
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
 
         // Network disconnects
         mManager.clearNotification(id);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancelAsUser(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -223,18 +220,17 @@
 
         // Show first SIGN_IN
         mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
         reset(mNotificationManager);
 
         // NO_INTERNET arrives after, but is ignored.
         mManager.showNotification(id, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).cancelAsUser(any(), anyInt(), any());
-        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notifyAsUser(any(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).cancel(any(), anyInt());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), anyInt(), any());
 
         // Network disconnects
         mManager.clearNotification(id);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancelAsUser(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -246,24 +242,20 @@
         // to previous type or not. If they are equal then clear the notification; if they are not
         // equal then return.
         mManager.showNotification(id, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any());
 
         // Previous notification is NO_INTERNET and given type is NO_INTERNET too. The notification
         // should be cleared.
         mManager.clearNotification(id, NO_INTERNET);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .cancelAsUser(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
 
         // SIGN_IN is popped-up.
         mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1))
-                .notifyAsUser(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any(), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
 
         // The notification type is not matching previous one, PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY won't be
         // cleared.
         mManager.clearNotification(id, PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, never())
-                .cancelAsUser(eq(tag), eq(PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY.eventId), any());
+        verify(mNotificationManager, never()).cancel(eq(tag), eq(PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY.eventId));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index daa2627..2fa0914 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
 import org.mockito.Answers;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.InOrder;
@@ -215,6 +217,8 @@
         when(mContext.getOpPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.USER_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mUserManager);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mAppOps);
+        when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(NotificationManager.class))
+                .thenReturn(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)))
                 .thenReturn(mNotificationManager);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)))
@@ -594,26 +598,23 @@
 
         // Don't show a notification for regular disconnected states.
         vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager, atLeastOnce())
-                .cancelAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), eq(userHandle));
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager, atLeastOnce()).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
 
         // Start showing a notification for disconnected once always-on.
         vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false, null, mKeyStore);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager)
-                .notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), eq(userHandle));
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
 
         // Stop showing the notification once connected.
         vpn.updateState(DetailedState.CONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancelAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), eq(userHandle));
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
 
         // Show the notification if we disconnect again.
         vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager)
-                .notifyAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), any(), eq(userHandle));
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
 
         // Notification should be cleared after unsetting always-on package.
         vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null, mKeyStore);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancelAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), eq(userHandle));
+        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1272,6 +1273,10 @@
      * Mock some methods of vpn object.
      */
     private Vpn createVpn(@UserIdInt int userId) {
+        final Context asUserContext = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mContext));
+        doReturn(UserHandle.of(userId)).when(asUserContext).getUser();
+        when(mContext.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.of(userId)), anyInt()))
+                .thenReturn(asUserContext);
         return new Vpn(Looper.myLooper(), mContext, new TestDeps(), mNetService,
                 userId, mKeyStore, mSystemServices, mIkev2SessionCreator);
     }