diff --git a/PREUPLOAD.cfg b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
index 39009cb..c301397 100644
--- a/PREUPLOAD.cfg
+++ b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 [Builtin Hooks]
 bpfmt = true
 clang_format = true
-ktfmt = true
 
 [Builtin Hooks Options]
 clang_format = --commit ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT} --style file --extensions c,h,cc,cpp,hpp
-ktfmt = --kotlinlang-style
 
 [Hook Scripts]
 checkstyle_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/prebuilts/checkstyle/checkstyle.py --sha ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT}
 
-ktlint_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/prebuilts/ktlint/ktlint.py --no-verify-format -f ${PREUPLOAD_FILES}
+ktlint_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/prebuilts/ktlint/ktlint.py --disabled-rules comment-wrapping -f ${PREUPLOAD_FILES}
 
 hidden_api_txt_checksorted_hook = ${REPO_ROOT}/tools/platform-compat/hiddenapi/checksorted_sha.sh ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT} ${REPO_ROOT}
diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 94adc5b..1d2041b 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -316,6 +316,14 @@
         }
       ]
     },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
     // Test with APK modules only, in cases where APEX is not supported, or the other modules
     // were simply not updated
     {
@@ -414,15 +422,14 @@
           "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
         }
       ]
-    },
-    // TODO: upgrade to presubmit. Postsubmit on virtual devices to monitor flakiness only.
+    }
+  ],
+  "automotive-mumd-presubmit": [
     {
-      "name": "CtsHostsideNetworkTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
-      "options": [
-        {
-          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
-        }
-      ]
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCases"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesUpdateStatsPermission"
     }
   ],
   "imports": [
diff --git a/Tethering/Android.bp b/Tethering/Android.bp
index 15ad226..4d173a5 100644
--- a/Tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/Android.bp
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "connectivity-net-module-utils-bpf",
+        "com.android.net.flags-aconfig-java",
         "modules-utils-build",
         "modules-utils-statemachine",
         "networkstack-client",
@@ -204,6 +205,7 @@
     use_embedded_native_libs: true,
     privapp_allowlist: ":privapp_allowlist_com.android.tethering",
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+    updatable: true,
 }
 
 android_app {
@@ -221,6 +223,7 @@
     lint: {
         error_checks: ["NewApi"],
     },
+    updatable: true,
 }
 
 sdk {
diff --git a/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
index 6a363b0..32442f5 100644
--- a/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USB" />
+    <!-- MANAGE_USERS is for accessing multi-user APIs, note that QUERY_USERS should
+         not be used since it is not a privileged permission until U. -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USERS"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY" />
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 0c05354..19dd492 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -155,7 +155,10 @@
         "framework-connectivity",
         "framework-connectivity-t",
         "framework-tethering",
-    ],
+    ] + select(release_flag("RELEASE_MOVE_VCN_TO_MAINLINE"), {
+        true: ["framework-connectivity-b"],
+        default: [],
+    }),
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
 
     // The bootclasspath_fragments that provide APIs on which this depends.
@@ -195,6 +198,7 @@
             "android.net.http",
             "android.net.netstats",
             "android.net.util",
+            "android.net.vcn",
         ],
 
         // The following packages and all their subpackages currently only
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/permissions/permissions.xml b/Tethering/apex/permissions/permissions.xml
index f26a961..4051877 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/permissions/permissions.xml
+++ b/Tethering/apex/permissions/permissions.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 <permissions>
     <privapp-permissions package="com.android.networkstack.tethering">
         <permission name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED" />
+        <permission name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS"/>
         <permission name="android.permission.MANAGE_USB"/>
+        <permission name="android.permission.MANAGE_USERS"/>
         <permission name="android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE"/>
         <permission name="android.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY"/>
         <permission name="android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED"/>
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index 0df9047..af061e4 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -198,4 +198,13 @@
     public String toString() {
         return "Netd used";
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clearConnectionCounters() {
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index e6e99f4..b460f0d 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_ACTIVE_SESSIONS_METRICS;
 
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -108,6 +109,22 @@
     // TODO: Add IPv6 rule count.
     private final SparseArray<Integer> mRule4CountOnUpstream = new SparseArray<>();
 
+    private final boolean mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics;
+    /**
+     * Tracks the current number of tethering connections and the maximum
+     * observed since the last metrics collection. Used to provide insights
+     * into the distribution of active tethering sessions for metrics reporting.
+
+     * These variables are accessed on the handler thread, which includes:
+     *  1. ConntrackEvents signaling the addition or removal of an IPv4 rule.
+     *  2. ConntrackEvents indicating the removal of a tethering client,
+     *     triggering the removal of associated rules.
+     *  3. Removal of the last IpServer, which resets counters to handle
+     *     potential synchronization issues.
+     */
+    private int mLastMaxConnectionCount = 0;
+    private int mCurrentConnectionCount = 0;
+
     public BpfCoordinatorShimImpl(@NonNull final Dependencies deps) {
         mLog = deps.getSharedLog().forSubComponent(TAG);
 
@@ -156,6 +173,9 @@
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             mLog.e("Could not clear mBpfDevMap: " + e);
         }
+
+        mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics = deps.isFeatureEnabled(deps.getContext(),
+                TETHER_ACTIVE_SESSIONS_METRICS);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -350,6 +370,12 @@
                 final int upstreamIfindex = (int) key.iif;
                 int count = mRule4CountOnUpstream.get(upstreamIfindex, 0 /* default */);
                 mRule4CountOnUpstream.put(upstreamIfindex, ++count);
+
+                if (mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics) {
+                    mCurrentConnectionCount++;
+                    mLastMaxConnectionCount = Math.max(mCurrentConnectionCount,
+                            mLastMaxConnectionCount);
+                }
             } else {
                 mBpfUpstream4Map.insertEntry(key, value);
             }
@@ -385,6 +411,10 @@
                 } else {
                     mRule4CountOnUpstream.put(upstreamIfindex, count);
                 }
+
+                if (mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics) {
+                    mCurrentConnectionCount--;
+                }
             } else {
                 if (!mBpfUpstream4Map.deleteEntry(key)) return false;  // Rule did not exist
             }
@@ -465,14 +495,16 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return String.join(", ", new String[] {
-                mapStatus(mBpfDownstream6Map, "mBpfDownstream6Map"),
-                mapStatus(mBpfUpstream6Map, "mBpfUpstream6Map"),
-                mapStatus(mBpfDownstream4Map, "mBpfDownstream4Map"),
-                mapStatus(mBpfUpstream4Map, "mBpfUpstream4Map"),
-                mapStatus(mBpfStatsMap, "mBpfStatsMap"),
-                mapStatus(mBpfLimitMap, "mBpfLimitMap"),
-                mapStatus(mBpfDevMap, "mBpfDevMap")
+        return String.join(", ", new String[]{
+            mapStatus(mBpfDownstream6Map, "mBpfDownstream6Map"),
+            mapStatus(mBpfUpstream6Map, "mBpfUpstream6Map"),
+            mapStatus(mBpfDownstream4Map, "mBpfDownstream4Map"),
+            mapStatus(mBpfUpstream4Map, "mBpfUpstream4Map"),
+            mapStatus(mBpfStatsMap, "mBpfStatsMap"),
+            mapStatus(mBpfLimitMap, "mBpfLimitMap"),
+            mapStatus(mBpfDevMap, "mBpfDevMap"),
+            "mCurrentConnectionCount=" + mCurrentConnectionCount,
+            "mLastMaxConnectionCount=" + mLastMaxConnectionCount
         });
     }
 
@@ -507,4 +539,17 @@
 
         return 0;
     }
+
+    /** Get last max connection count and reset to current count. */
+    public int getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent() {
+        final int ret = mLastMaxConnectionCount;
+        mLastMaxConnectionCount = mCurrentConnectionCount;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /** Clear current connection count. */
+    public void clearConnectionCounters() {
+        mCurrentConnectionCount = 0;
+        mLastMaxConnectionCount = 0;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
index 026b1c3..cb8bcc9 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
@@ -202,5 +202,11 @@
      * Remove interface index mapping.
      */
     public abstract boolean removeDevMap(int ifIndex);
+
+    /** Get last max connection count and reset to current count. */
+    public abstract int getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent();
+
+    /** Clear current connection count. */
+    public abstract void clearConnectionCounters();
 }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
index 2f3307a..e2498e4 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
 
         // Using for test only
         "//cts/tests/netlegacy22.api",
+
+        // TODO: b/374174952 Remove it when VCN CTS is moved to Connectivity/
+        "//cts/tests/tests/vcn",
+
         "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
index d802177..932e801 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
@@ -1 +1,71 @@
 // Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public final class TetheringInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String);
+    ctor @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String, @Nullable android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable @RequiresPermission(value=android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, conditional=true) public android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration();
+    method public int getType();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringInterface> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class TetheringManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(value=android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional=true) public void startTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @RequiresPermission(value=android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional=true) public void stopTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE}) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
+    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9; // 0x9
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST = 18; // 0x12
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13; // 0xd
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10; // 0xa
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15; // 0xf
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14; // 0xe
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1; // 0x1
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST = 17; // 0x11
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16; // 0x10
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7; // 0x7
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
+    method public default void onTetheringFailed(int);
+    method public default void onTetheringStarted();
+  }
+
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public static interface TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback {
+    method public default void onStopTetheringFailed(int);
+    method public default void onStopTetheringSucceeded();
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
+    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
+  }
+
+  public static final class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public int describeContents();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest build();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setSoftApConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration);
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 460c216..3ba8e1b 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     method public boolean isTetheringSupported(@NonNull String);
     method public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, @NonNull android.os.ResultReceiver, boolean);
     method @Deprecated public int setUsbTethering(boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void startTethering(int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void startTethering(int, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
     method @Deprecated public int tether(@NonNull String);
     method @Deprecated public int untether(@NonNull String);
   }
@@ -46,5 +46,15 @@
     method @Deprecated @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getTetherableWifiRegexs();
   }
 
+  public static final class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public String getPackageName();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public int getUid();
+  }
+
+  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setInterfaceName(@Nullable String);
+  }
+
 }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
index 3efaac2..c0c0abc 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
@@ -19,24 +19,11 @@
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo> CREATOR;
   }
 
-  public final class TetheringInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
-    method public int getType();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringInterface> CREATOR;
-  }
-
   public class TetheringManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void startTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopAllTethering();
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopTethering(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE}) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void stopAllTethering();
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public void stopTethering(int);
     field @Deprecated public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED";
-    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = "android.net.extra.ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY";
     field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = "tetherArray";
@@ -48,25 +35,7 @@
     field public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
     field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_virtual") public static final int TETHERING_VIRTUAL = 7; // 0x7
-    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13; // 0xd
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10; // 0xa
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15; // 0xf
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14; // 0xe
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16; // 0x10
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED = 0; // 0x0
@@ -76,11 +45,6 @@
     method public void onTetheringEntitlementResult(int);
   }
 
-  public static interface TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
-    method public default void onTetheringFailed(int);
-    method public default void onTetheringStarted();
-  }
-
   public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
     method public default void onClientsChanged(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.TetheredClient>);
     method public default void onError(@NonNull String, int);
@@ -91,31 +55,23 @@
     method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
     method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
     method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
-    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
     method public default void onTetheringSupported(boolean);
     method public default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable android.net.Network);
   }
 
   public static final class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") public int describeContents();
     method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address();
     method public int getConnectivityScope();
     method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address();
     method public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi();
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration();
     method public int getTetheringType();
     method public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck();
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest> CREATOR;
   }
 
   public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
-    ctor public TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest build();
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setConnectivityScope(int);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(boolean);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setShouldShowEntitlementUi(boolean);
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setSoftApConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setStaticIpv4Addresses(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress, @NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
   }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
index 84cdef1..250179a 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
@@ -16,78 +16,113 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringType;
+import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
+import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
+
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * The mapping of tethering interface and type.
- * @hide
  */
-@SystemApi
+@SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
 public final class TetheringInterface implements Parcelable {
     private final int mType;
     private final String mInterface;
+    @Nullable
+    private final SoftApConfiguration mSoftApConfig;
 
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public TetheringInterface(@TetheringType int type, @NonNull String iface) {
+        this(type, iface, null);
+    }
+
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public TetheringInterface(@TetheringType int type, @NonNull String iface,
+            @Nullable SoftApConfiguration softApConfig) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
         mType = type;
         mInterface = iface;
-    }
-
-    private TetheringInterface(@NonNull Parcel in) {
-        this(in.readInt(), in.readString());
+        mSoftApConfig = softApConfig;
     }
 
     /** Get tethering type. */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public int getType() {
         return mType;
     }
 
     /** Get tethering interface. */
     @NonNull
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public String getInterface() {
         return mInterface;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the SoftApConfiguration provided for this interface, if any. This will only be populated
+     * for apps with the same uid that specified the configuration, or apps with permission
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    @RequiresPermission(value = android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, conditional = true)
+    @Nullable
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
+    public SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration() {
+        return mSoftApConfig;
+    }
+
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
         dest.writeInt(mType);
         dest.writeString(mInterface);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mSoftApConfig, flags);
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public int hashCode() {
-        return Objects.hash(mType, mInterface);
+        return Objects.hash(mType, mInterface, mSoftApConfig);
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
         if (!(obj instanceof TetheringInterface)) return false;
         final TetheringInterface other = (TetheringInterface) obj;
-        return mType == other.mType && mInterface.equals(other.mInterface);
+        return mType == other.mType && mInterface.equals(other.mInterface)
+                && Objects.equals(mSoftApConfig, other.mSoftApConfig);
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public int describeContents() {
         return 0;
     }
 
     @NonNull
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final Creator<TetheringInterface> CREATOR = new Creator<TetheringInterface>() {
         @NonNull
         @Override
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         public TetheringInterface createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
-            return new TetheringInterface(in);
+            return new TetheringInterface(in.readInt(), in.readString(),
+                    in.readParcelable(SoftApConfiguration.class.getClassLoader()));
         }
 
         @NonNull
         @Override
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         public TetheringInterface[] newArray(int size) {
             return new TetheringInterface[size];
         }
@@ -97,6 +132,8 @@
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "TetheringInterface {mType=" + mType
-                + ", mInterface=" + mInterface + "}";
+                + ", mInterface=" + mInterface
+                + ((mSoftApConfig == null) ? "" : ", mSoftApConfig=" + mSoftApConfig)
+                + "}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
index 5aca642..e81cbf0 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
@@ -61,9 +63,8 @@
  * <p> The primary responsibilities of this class are to provide the APIs for applications to
  * start tethering, stop tethering, query configuration and query status.
  *
- * @hide
  */
-@SystemApi
+@SuppressLint({"NotCloseable", "UnflaggedApi"})
 public class TetheringManager {
     private static final String TAG = TetheringManager.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
@@ -93,36 +94,46 @@
      * {@code TetheringManager.EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER} to indicate
      * the current state of tethering.  Each include a list of
      * interface names in that state (may be empty).
+     * @hide
      *
      * @deprecated New client should use TetheringEventCallback instead.
      */
     @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED =
             "android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces configured for
      * tethering and currently available for tethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER = "availableArray";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently in local-only
      * mode (ie, has DHCPv4+IPv6-ULA support and no packet forwarding)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = "android.net.extra.ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently tethered
      * (ie, has DHCPv4 support and packets potentially forwarded/NATed)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = "tetherArray";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces we tried to tether and
      * failed.  Use {@link #getLastTetherError} to find the error code
      * for any interfaces listed here.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER = "erroredArray";
 
     /** @hide */
@@ -134,6 +145,7 @@
             TETHERING_WIFI_P2P,
             TETHERING_NCM,
             TETHERING_ETHERNET,
+            TETHERING_VIRTUAL,
     })
     public @interface TetheringType {
     }
@@ -141,44 +153,57 @@
     /**
      * Invalid tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_INVALID   = -1;
 
     /**
      * Wifi tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHERING_WIFI      = 0;
 
     /**
      * USB tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_USB       = 1;
 
     /**
      * Bluetooth tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2;
 
     /**
      * Wifi P2p tethering type.
      * Wifi P2p tethering is set through events automatically, and don't
      * need to start from #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3;
 
     /**
      * Ncm local tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering(TetheringRequest, Executor, StartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4;
 
     /**
      * Ethernet tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering(TetheringRequest, Executor, StartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_ETHERNET = 5;
 
     /**
@@ -207,6 +232,20 @@
      */
     public static final int MAX_TETHERING_TYPE = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 
+    private static String typeToString(@TetheringType int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case TETHERING_INVALID: return "TETHERING_INVALID";
+            case TETHERING_WIFI: return "TETHERING_WIFI";
+            case TETHERING_USB: return "TETHERING_USB";
+            case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH: return "TETHERING_BLUETOOTH";
+            case TETHERING_WIFI_P2P: return "TETHERING_WIFI_P2P";
+            case TETHERING_NCM: return "TETHERING_NCM";
+            case TETHERING_ETHERNET: return "TETHERING_ETHERNET";
+            default:
+                return "TETHERING_UNKNOWN(" + type + ")";
+        }
+    }
+
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef(value = {
@@ -237,30 +276,62 @@
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef(value = {
             TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL,
+            TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
             TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
             TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION,
             TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE,
+            TETHER_ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST,
     })
     public @interface StartTetheringError {
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST,
+    })
+    public @interface StopTetheringError {
+    }
+
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16;
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST = 17;
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST = 18;
 
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@@ -272,11 +343,23 @@
     public @interface TetherOffloadStatus {
     }
 
-    /** Tethering offload status is stopped. */
+    /**
+     * Tethering offload status is stopped.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED = 0;
-    /** Tethering offload status is started. */
+    /**
+     * Tethering offload status is started.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED = 1;
-    /** Fail to start tethering offload. */
+    /**
+     * Fail to start tethering offload.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED = 2;
 
     /**
@@ -305,7 +388,9 @@
         // up and be sent from a worker thread; later, they are always sent from the caller thread.
         // Considering that it's just oneway binder calls, and ordering is preserved, this seems
         // better than inconsistent behavior persisting after boot.
-        if (connector != null) {
+        // If system server restarted, mConnectorSupplier might temporarily return a stale (i.e.
+        // dead) version of TetheringService.
+        if (connector != null && connector.isBinderAlive()) {
             mConnector = ITetheringConnector.Stub.asInterface(connector);
         } else {
             startPollingForConnector();
@@ -340,9 +425,8 @@
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                     // Not much to do here, the system needs to wait for the connector
                 }
-
                 final IBinder connector = mConnectorSupplier.get();
-                if (connector != null) {
+                if (connector != null && connector.isBinderAlive()) {
                     onTetheringConnected(ITetheringConnector.Stub.asInterface(connector));
                     return;
                 }
@@ -430,7 +514,7 @@
     // Used to dispatch legacy ConnectivityManager methods that expect tethering to be able to
     // return results and perform operations synchronously.
     // TODO: remove once there are no callers of these legacy methods.
-    private class RequestDispatcher {
+    private static class RequestDispatcher {
         private final ConditionVariable mWaiting;
         public volatile int mRemoteResult;
 
@@ -446,8 +530,8 @@
             mWaiting = new ConditionVariable();
         }
 
-        int waitForResult(final RequestHelper request) {
-            getConnector(c -> request.runRequest(c, mListener));
+        int waitForResult(final RequestHelper request, final TetheringManager mgr) {
+            mgr.getConnector(c -> request.runRequest(c, mListener));
             if (!mWaiting.block(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Callback timeout");
             }
@@ -603,7 +687,7 @@
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             }
-        });
+        }, this);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -635,7 +719,7 @@
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             }
-        });
+        }, this);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -663,18 +747,21 @@
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             }
-        });
+        }, this);
     }
 
     /**
      * Indicates that this tethering connection will provide connectivity beyond this device (e.g.,
      * global Internet access).
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1;
 
     /**
      * Indicates that this tethering connection will only provide local connectivity.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL = 2;
 
     /**
@@ -688,9 +775,21 @@
     })
     public @interface ConnectivityScope {}
 
+    private static String connectivityScopeToString(@ConnectivityScope int scope) {
+        switch (scope) {
+            case CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+                return "CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL";
+            case CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL:
+                return "CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL";
+            default:
+                return "CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_UNKNOWN(" + scope + ")";
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      *  Use with {@link #startTethering} to specify additional parameters when starting tethering.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final class TetheringRequest implements Parcelable {
         /** A configuration set for TetheringRequest. */
         private final TetheringRequestParcel mRequestParcel;
@@ -698,7 +797,7 @@
         /**
          * @hide
          */
-        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
         public TetheringRequest(@NonNull final TetheringRequestParcel request) {
             mRequestParcel = request;
         }
@@ -707,7 +806,7 @@
             mRequestParcel = in.readParcelable(TetheringRequestParcel.class.getClassLoader());
         }
 
-        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
         @NonNull
         public static final Creator<TetheringRequest> CREATOR = new Creator<>() {
             @Override
@@ -721,23 +820,25 @@
             }
         };
 
-        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
         @Override
         public int describeContents() {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
         @Override
         public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
             dest.writeParcelable(mRequestParcel, flags);
         }
 
         /** Builder used to create TetheringRequest. */
+        @SuppressLint({"UnflaggedApi", "StaticFinalBuilder"})
         public static class Builder {
             private final TetheringRequestParcel mBuilderParcel;
 
             /** Default constructor of Builder. */
+            @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
             public Builder(@TetheringType final int type) {
                 mBuilderParcel = new TetheringRequestParcel();
                 mBuilderParcel.tetheringType = type;
@@ -746,7 +847,9 @@
                 mBuilderParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck = false;
                 mBuilderParcel.showProvisioningUi = true;
                 mBuilderParcel.connectivityScope = getDefaultConnectivityScope(type);
+                mBuilderParcel.uid = Process.INVALID_UID;
                 mBuilderParcel.softApConfig = null;
+                mBuilderParcel.interfaceName = null;
             }
 
             /**
@@ -757,7 +860,9 @@
              *
              * @param localIPv4Address The preferred local IPv4 link address to use.
              * @param clientAddress The static client address.
+             * @hide
              */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setStaticIpv4Addresses(@NonNull final LinkAddress localIPv4Address,
@@ -773,7 +878,11 @@
                 return this;
             }
 
-            /** Start tethering without entitlement checks. */
+            /**
+             * Start tethering without entitlement checks.
+             * @hide
+             */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(boolean exempt) {
@@ -784,7 +893,9 @@
             /**
              * If an entitlement check is needed, sets whether to show the entitlement UI or to
              * perform a silent entitlement check. By default, the entitlement UI is shown.
+             * @hide
              */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setShouldShowEntitlementUi(boolean showUi) {
@@ -793,8 +904,39 @@
             }
 
             /**
-             * Sets the connectivity scope to be provided by this tethering downstream.
+             * Sets the name of the interface. Currently supported only for
+             * - {@link #TETHERING_VIRTUAL}.
+             * - {@link #TETHERING_WIFI} (for Local-only Hotspot)
+             * - {@link #TETHERING_WIFI_P2P}
+             * @hide
              */
+            @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+            @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+                    android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                    android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                    NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            })
+            @NonNull
+            @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+            public Builder setInterfaceName(@Nullable final String interfaceName) {
+                switch (mBuilderParcel.tetheringType) {
+                    case TETHERING_VIRTUAL:
+                    case TETHERING_WIFI_P2P:
+                    case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Interface name cannot be set for"
+                                + " tethering type " + interfaceName);
+                }
+                mBuilderParcel.interfaceName = interfaceName;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Sets the connectivity scope to be provided by this tethering downstream.
+             * @hide
+             */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setConnectivityScope(@ConnectivityScope int scope) {
@@ -814,11 +956,13 @@
              * If TETHERING_WIFI is already enabled and a new request is made with a different
              * SoftApConfiguration, the request will be accepted if the device can support an
              * additional tethering Wi-Fi AP interface. Otherwise, the request will be rejected.
+             * </p>
+             * Non-system callers using TETHERING_WIFI must specify a SoftApConfiguration.
              *
              * @param softApConfig SoftApConfiguration to use.
              * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the tethering type isn't TETHERING_WIFI.
              */
-            @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+            @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setSoftApConfiguration(@Nullable SoftApConfiguration softApConfig) {
@@ -832,6 +976,7 @@
 
             /** Build {@link TetheringRequest} with the currently set configuration. */
             @NonNull
+            @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
             public TetheringRequest build() {
                 return new TetheringRequest(mBuilderParcel);
             }
@@ -840,7 +985,9 @@
         /**
          * Get the local IPv4 address, if one was configured with
          * {@link Builder#setStaticIpv4Addresses}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @Nullable
         public LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address() {
             return mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address;
@@ -849,35 +996,64 @@
         /**
          * Get the static IPv4 address of the client, if one was configured with
          * {@link Builder#setStaticIpv4Addresses}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @Nullable
         public LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address() {
             return mRequestParcel.staticClientAddress;
         }
 
-        /** Get tethering type. */
+        /**
+         * Get tethering type.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @TetheringType
         public int getTetheringType() {
             return mRequestParcel.tetheringType;
         }
 
-        /** Get connectivity type */
+        /**
+         * Get connectivity type
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @ConnectivityScope
         public int getConnectivityScope() {
             return mRequestParcel.connectivityScope;
         }
 
-        /** Check if exempt from entitlement check. */
+        /**
+         * Check if exempt from entitlement check.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck() {
             return mRequestParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck;
         }
 
-        /** Check if show entitlement ui.  */
+        /**
+         * Check if show entitlement ui.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi() {
             return mRequestParcel.showProvisioningUi;
         }
 
         /**
+         * Get interface name.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @Nullable
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public String getInterfaceName() {
+            return mRequestParcel.interfaceName;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Check whether the two addresses are ipv4 and in the same prefix.
          * @hide
          */
@@ -913,13 +1089,54 @@
         /**
          * Get the desired SoftApConfiguration of the request, if one was specified.
          */
-        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
         @Nullable
         public SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration() {
             return mRequestParcel.softApConfig;
         }
 
         /**
+         * Sets the UID of the app that sent this request. This should always be overridden when
+         * receiving TetheringRequest from an external source.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public void setUid(int uid) {
+            mRequestParcel.uid = uid;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the package name of the app that sent this request. This should always be overridden
+         * when receiving a TetheringRequest from an external source.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public void setPackageName(String packageName) {
+            mRequestParcel.packageName = packageName;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the UID of the app that sent this request. This defaults to
+         * {@link Process#INVALID_UID} if unset.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public int getUid() {
+            return mRequestParcel.uid;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the package name of the app that sent this request. This defaults to {@code null} if
+         * unset.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        @Nullable
+        public String getPackageName() {
+            return mRequestParcel.packageName;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Get a TetheringRequestParcel from the configuration
          * @hide
          */
@@ -927,21 +1144,61 @@
             return mRequestParcel;
         }
 
-        /** String of TetheringRequest detail. */
+        /**
+         * String of TetheringRequest detail.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         public String toString() {
-            return "TetheringRequest [ type= " + mRequestParcel.tetheringType
-                    + ", localIPv4Address= " + mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address
-                    + ", staticClientAddress= " + mRequestParcel.staticClientAddress
-                    + ", exemptFromEntitlementCheck= " + mRequestParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
-                    + ", showProvisioningUi= " + mRequestParcel.showProvisioningUi
-                    + ", softApConfig= " + mRequestParcel.softApConfig
-                    + " ]";
+            StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "TetheringRequest[ ", " ]");
+            sj.add(typeToString(mRequestParcel.tetheringType));
+            if (mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address != null) {
+                sj.add("localIpv4Address=" + mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address);
+            }
+            if (mRequestParcel.staticClientAddress != null) {
+                sj.add("staticClientAddress=" + mRequestParcel.staticClientAddress);
+            }
+            if (mRequestParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck) {
+                sj.add("exemptFromEntitlementCheck");
+            }
+            if (mRequestParcel.showProvisioningUi) {
+                sj.add("showProvisioningUi");
+            }
+            sj.add(connectivityScopeToString(mRequestParcel.connectivityScope));
+            if (mRequestParcel.softApConfig != null) {
+                sj.add("softApConfig=" + mRequestParcel.softApConfig);
+            }
+            if (mRequestParcel.uid != Process.INVALID_UID) {
+                sj.add("uid=" + mRequestParcel.uid);
+            }
+            if (mRequestParcel.packageName != null) {
+                sj.add("packageName=" + mRequestParcel.packageName);
+            }
+            if (mRequestParcel.interfaceName != null) {
+                sj.add("interfaceName=" + mRequestParcel.interfaceName);
+            }
+            return sj.toString();
         }
 
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) return true;
             if (!(obj instanceof TetheringRequest otherRequest)) return false;
+            if (!equalsIgnoreUidPackage(otherRequest)) return false;
+            TetheringRequestParcel parcel = getParcel();
+            TetheringRequestParcel otherParcel = otherRequest.getParcel();
+            return parcel.uid == otherParcel.uid
+                    && Objects.equals(parcel.packageName, otherParcel.packageName);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public boolean equalsIgnoreUidPackage(TetheringRequest otherRequest) {
             TetheringRequestParcel parcel = getParcel();
             TetheringRequestParcel otherParcel = otherRequest.getParcel();
             return parcel.tetheringType == otherParcel.tetheringType
@@ -950,25 +1207,33 @@
                     && parcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck == otherParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
                     && parcel.showProvisioningUi == otherParcel.showProvisioningUi
                     && parcel.connectivityScope == otherParcel.connectivityScope
-                    && Objects.equals(parcel.softApConfig, otherParcel.softApConfig);
+                    && Objects.equals(parcel.softApConfig, otherParcel.softApConfig)
+                    && Objects.equals(parcel.interfaceName, otherParcel.interfaceName);
         }
 
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             TetheringRequestParcel parcel = getParcel();
             return Objects.hash(parcel.tetheringType, parcel.localIPv4Address,
                     parcel.staticClientAddress, parcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck,
-                    parcel.showProvisioningUi, parcel.connectivityScope, parcel.softApConfig);
+                    parcel.showProvisioningUi, parcel.connectivityScope, parcel.softApConfig,
+                    parcel.uid, parcel.packageName, parcel.interfaceName);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Callback for use with {@link #startTethering} to find out whether tethering succeeded.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public interface StartTetheringCallback {
         /**
          * Called when tethering has been successfully started.
          */
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         default void onTetheringStarted() {}
 
         /**
@@ -976,26 +1241,40 @@
          *
          * @param error The error that caused the failure.
          */
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         default void onTetheringFailed(@StartTetheringError final int error) {}
     }
 
     /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link #stopTethering} to find out whether stop tethering succeeded.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public interface StopTetheringCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering has been successfully stopped.
+         */
+        default void onStopTetheringSucceeded() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when starting tethering failed.
+         *
+         * @param error The error that caused the failure.
+         */
+        default void onStopTetheringFailed(@StopTetheringError final int error) {}
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Starts tethering and runs tether provisioning for the given type if needed. If provisioning
      * fails, stopTethering will be called automatically.
      *
-     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
-     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
-     *
      * @param request a {@link TetheringRequest} which can specify the preferred configuration.
      * @param executor {@link Executor} to specify the thread upon which the callback of
      *         TetheringRequest will be invoked.
      * @param callback A callback that will be called to indicate the success status of the
      *                 tethering start request.
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
-            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
-            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
-    })
+    @RequiresPermission(value = android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional = true)
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void startTethering(@NonNull final TetheringRequest request,
             @NonNull final Executor executor, @NonNull final StartTetheringCallback callback) {
         final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
@@ -1021,18 +1300,12 @@
      * Starts tethering and runs tether provisioning for the given type if needed. If provisioning
      * fails, stopTethering will be called automatically.
      *
-     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
-     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
-     *
      * @param type The tethering type, on of the {@code TetheringManager#TETHERING_*} constants.
      * @param executor {@link Executor} to specify the thread upon which the callback of
      *         TetheringRequest will be invoked.
      * @hide
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
-            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
-            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
-    })
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public void startTethering(int type, @NonNull final Executor executor,
             @NonNull final StartTetheringCallback callback) {
@@ -1043,13 +1316,10 @@
      * Stops tethering for the given type. Also cancels any provisioning rechecks for that type if
      * applicable.
      *
-     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
-     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     * @hide
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
-            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
-            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
-    })
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
+    @SystemApi
     public void stopTethering(@TetheringType final int type) {
         final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         Log.i(TAG, "stopTethering caller:" + callerPkg);
@@ -1067,9 +1337,22 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Stops tethering for the given request. Operation will fail with
+     * {@link #TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST} if there is no request that matches it.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(value = android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional = true)
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public void stopTethering(@NonNull TetheringRequest request,
+            @NonNull final Executor executor, @NonNull final StopTetheringCallback callback) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Callback for use with {@link #getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult} to find out whether
      * entitlement succeeded.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public interface OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener  {
         /**
          * Called to notify entitlement result.
@@ -1090,9 +1373,6 @@
      * {@link #TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN} will be returned. If {@code showEntitlementUi} is
      * true, entitlement will be run.
      *
-     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
-     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
-     *
      * @param type the downstream type of tethering. Must be one of {@code #TETHERING_*} constants.
      * @param showEntitlementUi a boolean indicating whether to check result for the UI-based
      *         entitlement check or the silent entitlement check.
@@ -1100,11 +1380,10 @@
      * @param listener an {@link OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener} which will be called to
      *         notify the caller of the result of entitlement check. The listener may be called zero
      *         or one time.
+     * @hide
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
-            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
-            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
-    })
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
     public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(@TetheringType int type,
             boolean showEntitlementUi,
             @NonNull Executor executor,
@@ -1148,6 +1427,7 @@
      * Callback for use with {@link registerTetheringEventCallback} to find out tethering
      * upstream status.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public interface TetheringEventCallback {
         /**
          * Called when tethering supported status changed.
@@ -1159,7 +1439,9 @@
          * policy restrictions.
          *
          * @param supported whether any tethering type is supported.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetheringSupported(boolean supported) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1184,7 +1466,9 @@
          *
          * @param network the {@link Network} of tethering upstream. Null means tethering doesn't
          * have any upstream.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable Network network) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1211,7 +1495,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The list of tetherable interface names.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1221,7 +1507,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The set of TetheringInterface of currently tetherable interface.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1234,7 +1522,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The lit of 0 or more String of currently tethered interface names.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1245,6 +1535,7 @@
          * @param interfaces The set of 0 or more TetheringInterface of currently tethered
          * interface.
          */
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1257,7 +1548,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The list of 0 or more String of active local-only interface names.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1267,7 +1560,9 @@
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The set of 0 or more TetheringInterface of active local-only
          * interface.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1281,7 +1576,9 @@
          * on the interface is an error, and may be called multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param ifName Name of the interface.
          * @param error One of {@code TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_*}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onError(@NonNull String ifName, @TetheringIfaceError int error) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1291,7 +1588,9 @@
          * on the interface is an error, and may be called multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param iface The interface that experienced the error.
          * @param error One of {@code TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_*}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onError(@NonNull TetheringInterface iface, @TetheringIfaceError int error) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1308,7 +1607,9 @@
          * clients may still be reported by this callback after disconnection as the system cannot
          * determine if they are still connected.
          * @param clients The new set of tethered clients; the collection is not ordered.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onClientsChanged(@NonNull Collection<TetheredClient> clients) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1316,7 +1617,9 @@
          *
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered.
          * @param status The offload status.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onOffloadStatusChanged(@TetherOffloadStatus int status) {}
     }
 
@@ -1410,6 +1713,7 @@
      * @param callback the callback to be called when tethering has change events.
      */
     @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull Executor executor,
             @NonNull TetheringEventCallback callback) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
@@ -1568,6 +1872,7 @@
             Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
             Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
     })
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull final TetheringEventCallback callback) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
 
@@ -1751,21 +2056,17 @@
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             }
-        });
+        }, this);
 
         return ret == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
     }
 
     /**
      * Stop all active tethering.
-     *
-     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
-     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     * @hide
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
-            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
-            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
-    })
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
     public void stopAllTethering() {
         final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         Log.i(TAG, "stopAllTethering caller:" + callerPkg);
@@ -1800,6 +2101,6 @@
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(e);
             }
-        });
+        }, this);
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
index ea7a353..97c9b9a 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
@@ -31,4 +31,7 @@
     boolean showProvisioningUi;
     int connectivityScope;
     SoftApConfiguration softApConfig;
+    int uid;
+    String packageName;
+    String interfaceName;
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index b807544..fa6ce95 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -16,9 +16,16 @@
 
 package android.net.ip;
 
+import static android.net.INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIGIG;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR;
@@ -45,7 +52,6 @@
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.TetheredClient;
-import android.net.TetheringManager;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpLeaseParcelable;
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpServerCallbacks;
@@ -69,6 +75,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.State;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IIpv4PrefixRequest;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
@@ -76,7 +83,6 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.InterfaceController;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
@@ -124,6 +130,8 @@
     // TODO: have PanService use some visible version of this constant
     private static final String BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDR = "192.168.44.1/24";
 
+    private static final String LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS = "192.168.49.1/24";
+
     // TODO: have this configurable
     private static final int DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS = 3600;
 
@@ -166,10 +174,10 @@
         /**
          * Request Tethering change.
          *
-         * @param tetheringType the downstream type of this IpServer.
+         * @param request the TetheringRequest this IpServer was enabled with.
          * @param enabled enable or disable tethering.
          */
-        public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) { }
+        public void requestEnableTethering(TetheringRequest request, boolean enabled) { }
     }
 
     /** Capture IpServer dependencies, for injection. */
@@ -240,15 +248,17 @@
     private final BpfCoordinator mBpfCoordinator;
     @NonNull
     private final RoutingCoordinatorManager mRoutingCoordinator;
+    @NonNull
+    private final IIpv4PrefixRequest mIpv4PrefixRequest;
     private final Callback mCallback;
     private final InterfaceController mInterfaceCtrl;
-    private final PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
 
     private final String mIfaceName;
     private final int mInterfaceType;
     private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
     private final boolean mUsingLegacyDhcp;
     private final int mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength;
+    private final boolean mIsWifiP2pDedicatedIpEnabled;
 
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
 
@@ -289,6 +299,9 @@
 
     private LinkAddress mIpv4Address;
 
+    @Nullable
+    private TetheringRequest mTetheringRequest;
+
     private final TetheringMetrics mTetheringMetrics;
     private final Handler mHandler;
 
@@ -298,7 +311,7 @@
             String ifaceName, Handler handler, int interfaceType, SharedLog log,
             INetd netd, @NonNull BpfCoordinator bpfCoordinator,
             RoutingCoordinatorManager routingCoordinatorManager, Callback callback,
-            TetheringConfiguration config, PrivateAddressCoordinator addressCoordinator,
+            TetheringConfiguration config,
             TetheringMetrics tetheringMetrics, Dependencies deps) {
         super(ifaceName, USE_SYNC_SM ? null : handler.getLooper());
         mHandler = handler;
@@ -306,6 +319,12 @@
         mNetd = netd;
         mBpfCoordinator = bpfCoordinator;
         mRoutingCoordinator = routingCoordinatorManager;
+        mIpv4PrefixRequest = new IIpv4PrefixRequest.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onIpv4PrefixConflict(IpPrefix ipPrefix) throws RemoteException {
+                sendMessage(CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+            }
+        };
         mCallback = callback;
         mInterfaceCtrl = new InterfaceController(ifaceName, mNetd, mLog);
         mIfaceName = ifaceName;
@@ -313,7 +332,7 @@
         mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
         mUsingLegacyDhcp = config.useLegacyDhcpServer();
         mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength = config.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength();
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = addressCoordinator;
+        mIsWifiP2pDedicatedIpEnabled = config.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp();
         mDeps = deps;
         mTetheringMetrics = tetheringMetrics;
         resetLinkProperties();
@@ -391,6 +410,17 @@
         return mInterfaceParams;
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public IIpv4PrefixRequest getIpv4PrefixRequest() {
+        return mIpv4PrefixRequest;
+    }
+
+    /** The TetheringRequest the IpServer started with. */
+    @Nullable
+    public TetheringRequest getTetheringRequest() {
+        return mTetheringRequest;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the latest list of DHCP leases that was reported. Must be called on the IpServer looper
      * thread.
@@ -565,8 +595,8 @@
             @NonNull final Inet4Address dnsServer, @NonNull LinkAddress serverAddr,
             @Nullable Inet4Address clientAddr) {
         final boolean changePrefixOnDecline =
-                (mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM && clientAddr == null);
-        final int subnetPrefixLength = mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P
+                (mInterfaceType == TETHERING_NCM && clientAddr == null);
+        final int subnetPrefixLength = mInterfaceType == TETHERING_WIFI_P2P
                 ? mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength : 0 /* default value */;
 
         return new DhcpServingParamsParcelExt()
@@ -639,7 +669,7 @@
         // NOTE: All of configureIPv4() will be refactored out of existence
         // into calls to InterfaceController, shared with startIPv4().
         mInterfaceCtrl.clearIPv4Address();
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(this);
+        mRoutingCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mIpv4PrefixRequest);
         mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientClear(this);
         mIpv4Address = null;
         mStaticIpv4ServerAddr = null;
@@ -666,10 +696,10 @@
         final IpPrefix ipv4Prefix = asIpPrefix(mIpv4Address);
 
         final Boolean setIfaceUp;
-        if (mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI
-                || mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P
-                || mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET
-                || mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIGIG) {
+        if (mInterfaceType == TETHERING_WIFI
+                || mInterfaceType == TETHERING_WIFI_P2P
+                || mInterfaceType == TETHERING_ETHERNET
+                || mInterfaceType == TETHERING_WIGIG) {
             // The WiFi and Ethernet stack has ownership of the interface up/down state.
             // It is unclear whether the Bluetooth or USB stacks will manage their own
             // state.
@@ -695,7 +725,12 @@
 
     private boolean shouldNotConfigureBluetoothInterface() {
         // Before T, bluetooth tethering configures the interface elsewhere.
-        return (mInterfaceType == TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH) && !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT();
+        return (mInterfaceType == TETHERING_BLUETOOTH) && !SdkLevel.isAtLeastT();
+    }
+
+    private boolean shouldUseWifiP2pDedicatedIp() {
+        return mIsWifiP2pDedicatedIpEnabled
+                && mInterfaceType == TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
     }
 
     private LinkAddress requestIpv4Address(final int scope, final boolean useLastAddress) {
@@ -703,7 +738,14 @@
 
         if (shouldNotConfigureBluetoothInterface()) return new LinkAddress(BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDR);
 
-        return mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(this, scope, useLastAddress);
+        if (shouldUseWifiP2pDedicatedIp()) return new LinkAddress(LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS);
+
+        if (useLastAddress) {
+            return mRoutingCoordinator.requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mInterfaceType, scope,
+                    mIpv4PrefixRequest);
+        }
+
+        return mRoutingCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(mIpv4PrefixRequest);
     }
 
     private boolean startIPv6() {
@@ -808,12 +850,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(@NonNull final List<RouteInfo> toBeRemoved) {
-        final int removalFailures = NetdUtils.removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(
-                mNetd, toBeRemoved);
+    private void removeRoutesFromNetworkAndLinkProperties(int netId,
+            @NonNull final List<RouteInfo> toBeRemoved) {
+        final int removalFailures = NetdUtils.removeRoutesFromNetwork(
+                mNetd, netId, toBeRemoved);
         if (removalFailures > 0) {
-            mLog.e(String.format("Failed to remove %d IPv6 routes from local table.",
-                    removalFailures));
+            mLog.e("Failed to remove " + removalFailures
+                    + " IPv6 routes from network " + netId + ".");
         }
 
         for (RouteInfo route : toBeRemoved) mLinkProperties.removeRoute(route);
@@ -843,14 +886,15 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void addRoutesToLocalNetwork(@NonNull final List<RouteInfo> toBeAdded) {
+    private void addRoutesToNetworkAndLinkProperties(int netId,
+            @NonNull final List<RouteInfo> toBeAdded) {
         // It's safe to call addInterfaceToNetwork() even if
-        // the interface is already in the local_network.
-        addInterfaceToNetwork(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, mIfaceName);
+        // the interface is already in the network.
+        addInterfaceToNetwork(netId, mIfaceName);
         try {
             // Add routes from local network. Note that adding routes that
             // already exist does not cause an error (EEXIST is silently ignored).
-            NetdUtils.addRoutesToLocalNetwork(mNetd, mIfaceName, toBeAdded);
+            NetdUtils.addRoutesToNetwork(mNetd, netId, mIfaceName, toBeAdded);
         } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
             mLog.e("Failed to add IPv4/v6 routes to local table: " + e);
             return;
@@ -863,7 +907,8 @@
             ArraySet<IpPrefix> deprecatedPrefixes, ArraySet<IpPrefix> newPrefixes) {
         // [1] Remove the routes that are deprecated.
         if (!deprecatedPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
-            removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, deprecatedPrefixes));
+            removeRoutesFromNetworkAndLinkProperties(LOCAL_NET_ID,
+                    getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, deprecatedPrefixes));
         }
 
         // [2] Add only the routes that have not previously been added.
@@ -874,7 +919,8 @@
             }
 
             if (!addedPrefixes.isEmpty()) {
-                addRoutesToLocalNetwork(getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, addedPrefixes));
+                addRoutesToNetworkAndLinkProperties(LOCAL_NET_ID,
+                        getLocalRoutesFor(mIfaceName, addedPrefixes));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1006,6 +1052,7 @@
             switch (message.what) {
                 case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
                     mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+                    mTetheringRequest = (TetheringRequest) message.obj;
                     switch (message.arg1) {
                         case STATE_LOCAL_ONLY:
                             maybeConfigureStaticIp((TetheringRequest) message.obj);
@@ -1077,7 +1124,8 @@
             }
 
             try {
-                NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, mIfaceName, asIpPrefix(mIpv4Address));
+                NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, LOCAL_NET_ID, mIfaceName,
+                        asIpPrefix(mIpv4Address));
             } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException | IllegalStateException e) {
                 mLog.e("Error Tethering", e);
                 mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
@@ -1099,7 +1147,7 @@
             stopIPv6();
 
             try {
-                NetdUtils.untetherInterface(mNetd, mIfaceName);
+                NetdUtils.untetherInterface(mNetd, LOCAL_NET_ID, mIfaceName);
             } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
                 mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
                 mLog.e("Failed to untether interface: " + e);
@@ -1141,13 +1189,14 @@
                     handleNewPrefixRequest((IpPrefix) message.obj);
                     break;
                 case CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT:
-                    mLog.i("restart tethering: " + mInterfaceType);
-                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, false /* enabled */);
+                    mLog.i("restart tethering: " + mIfaceName);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mTetheringRequest, false /* enabled */);
                     transitionTo(mWaitingForRestartState);
                     break;
                 case CMD_SERVICE_FAILED_TO_START:
                     mLog.e("start serving fail, error: " + message.arg1);
                     transitionTo(mInitialState);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
@@ -1175,14 +1224,14 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            // Remove deprecated routes from local network.
-            removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(
-                    Collections.singletonList(getDirectConnectedRoute(deprecatedLinkAddress)));
+            // Remove deprecated routes from downstream network.
+            removeRoutesFromNetworkAndLinkProperties(LOCAL_NET_ID,
+                    List.of(getDirectConnectedRoute(deprecatedLinkAddress)));
             mLinkProperties.removeLinkAddress(deprecatedLinkAddress);
 
-            // Add new routes to local network.
-            addRoutesToLocalNetwork(
-                    Collections.singletonList(getDirectConnectedRoute(mIpv4Address)));
+            // Add new routes to downstream network.
+            addRoutesToNetworkAndLinkProperties(LOCAL_NET_ID,
+                    List.of(getDirectConnectedRoute(mIpv4Address)));
             mLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(mIpv4Address);
 
             // Update local DNS caching server with new IPv4 address, otherwise, dnsmasq doesn't
@@ -1393,8 +1442,28 @@
         @Override
         public void enter() {
             mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+            // TODO: clean this up after the synchronous state machine is fully rolled out. Clean up
+            // can be directly triggered after calling IpServer.stop() inside Tethering.java.
             sendInterfaceState(STATE_UNAVAILABLE);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
+            switch (message.what) {
+                case CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE:
+                    // sendInterfaceState(STATE_UNAVAILABLE) triggers
+                    // handleInterfaceServingStateInactive which in turn cleans up IPv6 tethering
+                    // (and calls into IpServer one more time). At this point, this is the only
+                    // message we potentially see in this state because this IpServer has already
+                    // been removed from mTetherStates before transitioning to this State; however,
+                    // handleInterfaceServiceStateInactive passes a reference.
+                    // TODO: This can be removed once SyncStateMachine is rolled out and the
+                    // teardown path is cleaned up.
+                    return true;
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     class WaitingForRestartState extends State {
@@ -1405,12 +1474,12 @@
                 case CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED:
                     transitionTo(mInitialState);
                     mLog.i("Untethered (unrequested) and restarting " + mIfaceName);
-                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, true /* enabled */);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mTetheringRequest, true /* enabled */);
                     break;
                 case CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN:
                     transitionTo(mUnavailableState);
                     mLog.i("Untethered (interface down) and restarting " + mIfaceName);
-                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mInterfaceType, true /* enabled */);
+                    mCallback.requestEnableTethering(mTetheringRequest, true /* enabled */);
                     break;
                 default:
                     return false;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 89e06da..75ab9ec 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
 
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_MIN_MTU;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEvent;
@@ -334,7 +335,6 @@
     };
 
     // TODO: add BpfMap<TetherDownstream64Key, TetherDownstream64Value> retrieving function.
-    @VisibleForTesting
     public abstract static class Dependencies {
         /** Get handler. */
         @NonNull public abstract Handler getHandler();
@@ -585,14 +585,10 @@
             if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackMetricsSampling)) {
                 mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackMetricsSampling);
             }
-            final int currentCount = mBpfConntrackEventConsumer.getCurrentConnectionCount();
-            if (currentCount != 0) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unexpected CurrentConnectionCount: " + currentCount);
-            }
             // Avoid sending metrics when tethering is about to close.
             // This leads to a missing final sample before disconnect
             // but avoids possibly duplicating the last metric in the upload.
-            mBpfConntrackEventConsumer.clearConnectionCounters();
+            mBpfCoordinatorShim.clearConnectionCounters();
         }
         // Stop scheduled polling stats and poll the latest stats from BPF maps.
         if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats)) {
@@ -1091,10 +1087,6 @@
         for (final Tether4Key k : deleteDownstreamRuleKeys) {
             mBpfCoordinatorShim.tetherOffloadRuleRemove(DOWNSTREAM, k);
         }
-        if (mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics) {
-            mBpfConntrackEventConsumer.decreaseCurrentConnectionCount(
-                    deleteUpstreamRuleKeys.size());
-        }
 
         // Cleanup each upstream interface by a set which avoids duplicated work on the same
         // upstream interface. Cleaning up the same interface twice (or more) here may raise
@@ -1367,10 +1359,6 @@
 
         pw.println();
         pw.println("mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics: " + mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics);
-        pw.println("getLastMaxConnectionCount: "
-                + mBpfConntrackEventConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionCount());
-        pw.println("getCurrentConnectionCount: "
-                + mBpfConntrackEventConsumer.getCurrentConnectionCount());
     }
 
     private void dumpStats(@NonNull IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
@@ -2062,21 +2050,6 @@
     // while TCP status is established.
     @VisibleForTesting
     class BpfConntrackEventConsumer implements ConntrackEventConsumer {
-        /**
-         * Tracks the current number of tethering connections and the maximum
-         * observed since the last metrics collection. Used to provide insights
-         * into the distribution of active tethering sessions for metrics reporting.
-
-         * These variables are accessed on the handler thread, which includes:
-         *  1. ConntrackEvents signaling the addition or removal of an IPv4 rule.
-         *  2. ConntrackEvents indicating the removal of a tethering client,
-         *     triggering the removal of associated rules.
-         *  3. Removal of the last IpServer, which resets counters to handle
-         *     potential synchronization issues.
-         */
-        private int mLastMaxConnectionCount = 0;
-        private int mCurrentConnectionCount = 0;
-
         // The upstream4 and downstream4 rules are built as the following tables. Only raw ip
         // upstream interface is supported. Note that the field "lastUsed" is only updated by
         // BPF program which records the last used time for a given rule.
@@ -2210,10 +2183,6 @@
                     return;
                 }
 
-                if (mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics) {
-                    decreaseCurrentConnectionCount(1);
-                }
-
                 maybeClearLimit(upstreamIndex);
                 return;
             }
@@ -2237,40 +2206,12 @@
                         + ", downstream: " + addedDownstream + ")");
                 return;
             }
-            if (mSupportActiveSessionsMetrics && addedUpstream && addedDownstream) {
-                mCurrentConnectionCount++;
-                mLastMaxConnectionCount = Math.max(mCurrentConnectionCount,
-                        mLastMaxConnectionCount);
-            }
         }
+    }
 
-        public int getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent() {
-            final int ret = mLastMaxConnectionCount;
-            mLastMaxConnectionCount = mCurrentConnectionCount;
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-        /** For dumping current state only. */
-        public int getLastMaxConnectionCount() {
-            return mLastMaxConnectionCount;
-        }
-
-        public int getCurrentConnectionCount() {
-            return mCurrentConnectionCount;
-        }
-
-        public void decreaseCurrentConnectionCount(int count) {
-            mCurrentConnectionCount -= count;
-            if (mCurrentConnectionCount < 0) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unexpected mCurrentConnectionCount: "
-                        + mCurrentConnectionCount);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public void clearConnectionCounters() {
-            mCurrentConnectionCount = 0;
-            mLastMaxConnectionCount = 0;
-        }
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public int getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent() {
+        return mBpfCoordinatorShim.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent();
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -2611,7 +2552,7 @@
 
     private void uploadConntrackMetricsSample() {
         mDeps.sendTetheringActiveSessionsReported(
-                mBpfConntrackEventConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
+                mBpfCoordinatorShim.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
     }
 
     private void schedulePollingStats() {
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
index b88b13b..a942166 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
@@ -33,9 +33,12 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
 
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.ACTION_TETHER_UNSUPPORTED_CARRIER_UI;
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
 import android.app.AlarmManager;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
@@ -50,9 +53,13 @@
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
@@ -85,7 +92,6 @@
     // Indicate tethering is not supported by carrier.
     private static final int TETHERING_PROVISIONING_CARRIER_UNSUPPORT = 1002;
 
-    private final ComponentName mSilentProvisioningService;
     private static final int MS_PER_HOUR = 60 * 60 * 1000;
     private static final int DUMP_TIMEOUT = 10_000;
 
@@ -109,9 +115,122 @@
     private boolean mNeedReRunProvisioningUi = false;
     private OnTetherProvisioningFailedListener mListener;
     private TetheringConfigurationFetcher mFetcher;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    static class Dependencies {
+        @NonNull
+        private final Context mContext;
+        @NonNull
+        private final SharedLog mLog;
+        private final ComponentName mSilentProvisioningService;
+
+        Dependencies(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull SharedLog log) {
+            mContext = context;
+            mLog = log;
+            mSilentProvisioningService = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(
+                    mContext.getResources().getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Run the UI-enabled tethering provisioning check.
+         * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+         * @param receiver to receive entitlement check result.
+         *
+         * @return the broadcast intent, or null if the current user is not allowed to
+         *         perform entitlement check.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        protected Intent runUiTetherProvisioning(int type, final TetheringConfiguration config,
+                ResultReceiver receiver) {
+            if (DBG) mLog.i("runUiTetherProvisioning: " + type);
+
+            Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_PROVISIONING_UI);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME, config.provisioningApp);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK, receiver);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, config.activeDataSubId);
+            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+
+            // Only launch entitlement UI for the current user if it is allowed to
+            // change tethering. This usually means the system user or the admin users in HSUM.
+            // TODO (b/382624069): Figure out whether it is safe to call createContextAsUser
+            //  from secondary user. And re-enable the check or remove the code accordingly.
+            if (false) {
+                // Create a user context for the current foreground user as UserManager#isAdmin()
+                // operates on the context user.
+                final int currentUserId = getCurrentUser();
+                final UserHandle currentUser = UserHandle.of(currentUserId);
+                final Context userContext = mContext.createContextAsUser(currentUser, 0);
+                final UserManager userManager = userContext.getSystemService(UserManager.class);
+
+                if (userManager.isAdminUser()) {
+                    mContext.startActivityAsUser(intent, currentUser);
+                } else {
+                    mLog.e("Current user (" + currentUserId
+                            + ") is not allowed to perform entitlement check.");
+                    // If the user is not allowed to perform an entitlement check
+                    // (e.g., a non-admin user), notify the receiver immediately.
+                    // This is necessary because the entitlement check app cannot
+                    // be launched to conduct the check and deliver the results.
+                    receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, null);
+                    return null;
+                }
+            } else {
+                // For T- devices, there is no other admin user other than the system user.
+                mContext.startActivity(intent);
+            }
+            return intent;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Run no UI tethering provisioning check.
+         * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+         */
+        protected Intent runSilentTetherProvisioning(
+                int type, final TetheringConfiguration config, ResultReceiver receiver) {
+            if (DBG) mLog.i("runSilentTetherProvisioning: " + type);
+
+            Intent intent = new Intent();
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION, true);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION, config.provisioningAppNoUi);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE, config.provisioningResponse);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK, receiver);
+            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, config.activeDataSubId);
+            intent.setComponent(mSilentProvisioningService);
+            // Only admin user can change tethering and SilentTetherProvisioning don't need to
+            // show UI, it is fine to always start setting's background service as system user.
+            mContext.startService(intent);
+            return intent;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a PendingIntent for the provisioning recheck alarm.
+         * @param pkgName the package name of the PendingIntent.
+         */
+        PendingIntent createRecheckAlarmIntent(final String pkgName) {
+            final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM);
+            intent.setPackage(pkgName);
+            return PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the current user id.
+         */
+        int getCurrentUser() {
+            return ActivityManager.getCurrentUser();
+        }
+    }
 
     public EntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
             Runnable callback) {
+        this(ctx, h, log, callback, new Dependencies(ctx, log));
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    EntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
+            Runnable callback, @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
         mContext = ctx;
         mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
         mCurrentDownstreams = new BitSet();
@@ -120,6 +239,7 @@
         mEntitlementCacheValue = new SparseIntArray();
         mPermissionChangeCallback = callback;
         mHandler = h;
+        mDeps = deps;
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()) {
             mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM),
                     null, mHandler, RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED);
@@ -127,8 +247,6 @@
             mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM),
                     null, mHandler);
         }
-        mSilentProvisioningService = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(
-                mContext.getResources().getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable));
     }
 
     public void setOnTetherProvisioningFailedListener(
@@ -382,53 +500,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Run no UI tethering provisioning check.
-     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
-     * @param subId default data subscription ID.
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    protected Intent runSilentTetherProvisioning(
-            int type, final TetheringConfiguration config, ResultReceiver receiver) {
-        if (DBG) mLog.i("runSilentTetherProvisioning: " + type);
-
-        Intent intent = new Intent();
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION, true);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SILENT_PROVISIONING_ACTION, config.provisioningAppNoUi);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_PROVISIONING_RESPONSE, config.provisioningResponse);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK, receiver);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, config.activeDataSubId);
-        intent.setComponent(mSilentProvisioningService);
-        // Only admin user can change tethering and SilentTetherProvisioning don't need to
-        // show UI, it is fine to always start setting's background service as system user.
-        mContext.startService(intent);
-        return intent;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Run the UI-enabled tethering provisioning check.
-     * @param type tethering type from TetheringManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
-     * @param subId default data subscription ID.
-     * @param receiver to receive entitlement check result.
-     */
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    protected Intent runUiTetherProvisioning(int type, final TetheringConfiguration config,
-            ResultReceiver receiver) {
-        if (DBG) mLog.i("runUiTetherProvisioning: " + type);
-
-        Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_PROVISIONING_UI);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_UI_PROVISIONING_APP_NAME, config.provisioningApp);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK, receiver);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TETHER_SUBID, config.activeDataSubId);
-        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-        // Only launch entitlement UI for system user. Entitlement UI should not appear for other
-        // user because only admin user is allowed to change tethering.
-        mContext.startActivity(intent);
-        return intent;
-    }
-
     private void runTetheringProvisioning(
             boolean showProvisioningUi, int downstreamType, final TetheringConfiguration config) {
         if (!config.isCarrierSupportTethering) {
@@ -442,9 +513,9 @@
         ResultReceiver receiver =
                 buildProxyReceiver(downstreamType, showProvisioningUi/* notifyFail */, null);
         if (showProvisioningUi) {
-            runUiTetherProvisioning(downstreamType, config, receiver);
+            mDeps.runUiTetherProvisioning(downstreamType, config, receiver);
         } else {
-            runSilentTetherProvisioning(downstreamType, config, receiver);
+            mDeps.runSilentTetherProvisioning(downstreamType, config, receiver);
         }
     }
 
@@ -458,20 +529,13 @@
         mContext.startActivity(intent);
     }
 
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    PendingIntent createRecheckAlarmIntent(final String pkgName) {
-        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM);
-        intent.setPackage(pkgName);
-        return PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
-    }
-
     // Not needed to check if this don't run on the handler thread because it's private.
     private void scheduleProvisioningRecheck(final TetheringConfiguration config) {
         if (mProvisioningRecheckAlarm == null) {
             final int period = config.provisioningCheckPeriod;
             if (period <= 0) return;
 
-            mProvisioningRecheckAlarm = createRecheckAlarmIntent(mContext.getPackageName());
+            mProvisioningRecheckAlarm = mDeps.createRecheckAlarmIntent(mContext.getPackageName());
             AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) mContext.getSystemService(
                     Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
             long triggerAtMillis = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + (period * MS_PER_HOUR);
@@ -697,7 +761,7 @@
             receiver.send(cacheValue, null);
         } else {
             ResultReceiver proxy = buildProxyReceiver(downstream, false/* notifyFail */, receiver);
-            runUiTetherProvisioning(downstream, config, proxy);
+            mDeps.runUiTetherProvisioning(downstream, config, proxy);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index 49bc86e..21b420a 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_FORCE_USB_FUNCTIONS;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringNotificationUpdater.DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkMonitor.isCellular;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringMessageBase.BASE_MAIN_SM;
 
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
@@ -109,6 +112,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
@@ -144,6 +148,7 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim.TetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
+import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringStatsLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.VersionedBroadcastListener;
@@ -216,10 +221,12 @@
      * Cookie added when registering {@link android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback}.
      */
     private static class CallbackCookie {
-        public final boolean hasListClientsPermission;
+        public final int uid;
+        public final boolean hasSystemPrivilege;
 
-        private CallbackCookie(boolean hasListClientsPermission) {
-            this.hasListClientsPermission = hasListClientsPermission;
+        private CallbackCookie(int uid, boolean hasSystemPrivilege) {
+            this.uid = uid;
+            this.hasSystemPrivilege = hasSystemPrivilege;
         }
     }
 
@@ -253,7 +260,6 @@
     private final TetheringNotificationUpdater mNotificationUpdater;
     private final UserManager mUserManager;
     private final BpfCoordinator mBpfCoordinator;
-    private final PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
     private final TetheringMetrics mTetheringMetrics;
     private final WearableConnectionManager mWearableConnectionManager;
     private int mActiveDataSubId = INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
@@ -264,7 +270,6 @@
     private boolean mRndisEnabled;       // track the RNDIS function enabled state
     private boolean mNcmEnabled;         // track the NCM function enabled state
     private Network mTetherUpstream;
-    private TetherStatesParcel mTetherStatesParcel;
     private boolean mDataSaverEnabled = false;
     private String mWifiP2pTetherInterface = null;
     private int mOffloadStatus = TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED;
@@ -359,10 +364,6 @@
         // Load tethering configuration.
         updateConfiguration();
         mConfig.readEnableSyncSM(mContext);
-        // It is OK for the configuration to be passed to the PrivateAddressCoordinator at
-        // construction time because the only part of the configuration it uses is
-        // shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp(), and currently do not support changing that.
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = mDeps.makePrivateAddressCoordinator(mContext, mConfig);
 
         // Must be initialized after tethering configuration is loaded because BpfCoordinator
         // constructor needs to use the configuration.
@@ -454,6 +455,10 @@
         return mSettingsObserver;
     }
 
+    boolean isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled() {
+        return mDeps.isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Start to register callbacks.
      * Call this function when tethering is ready to handle callback events.
@@ -667,8 +672,9 @@
             final TetheringRequest unfinishedRequest = mActiveTetheringRequests.get(type);
             // If tethering is already enabled with a different request,
             // disable before re-enabling.
-            if (unfinishedRequest != null && !unfinishedRequest.equals(request)) {
-                enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null);
+            if (unfinishedRequest != null && !unfinishedRequest.equalsIgnoreUidPackage(request)) {
+                enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */,
+                        unfinishedRequest.getInterfaceName(), null);
                 mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
             }
             mActiveTetheringRequests.put(type, request);
@@ -679,7 +685,7 @@
                 mEntitlementMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(type,
                         request.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
             }
-            enableTetheringInternal(type, true /* enabled */, listener);
+            enableTetheringInternal(type, true /* enabled */, request.getInterfaceName(), listener);
             mTetheringMetrics.createBuilder(type, callerPkg);
         });
     }
@@ -692,7 +698,7 @@
     void stopTetheringInternal(int type) {
         mActiveTetheringRequests.remove(type);
 
-        enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null);
+        enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null, null);
         mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
     }
 
@@ -701,7 +707,7 @@
      * schedule provisioning rechecks for the specified interface.
      */
     private void enableTetheringInternal(int type, boolean enable,
-            final IIntResultListener listener) {
+            String iface, final IIntResultListener listener) {
         int result = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         switch (type) {
             case TETHERING_WIFI:
@@ -720,7 +726,7 @@
                 result = setEthernetTethering(enable);
                 break;
             case TETHERING_VIRTUAL:
-                result = setVirtualMachineTethering(enable);
+                result = setVirtualMachineTethering(enable, iface);
                 break;
             default:
                 Log.w(TAG, "Invalid tether type.");
@@ -975,10 +981,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private int setVirtualMachineTethering(final boolean enable) {
-        // TODO(340377643): Use bridge ifname when it's introduced, not fixed TAP ifname.
+    private int setVirtualMachineTethering(final boolean enable, String iface) {
         if (enable) {
-            mConfiguredVirtualIface = "avf_tap_fixed";
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(iface)) {
+                mConfiguredVirtualIface = "avf_tap_fixed";
+            } else {
+                mConfiguredVirtualIface = iface;
+            }
             enableIpServing(
                     TETHERING_VIRTUAL,
                     mConfiguredVirtualIface,
@@ -992,6 +1001,23 @@
 
     void tether(String iface, int requestedState, final IIntResultListener listener) {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
+            switch (ifaceNameToType(iface)) {
+                case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                    TetheringStatsLog.write(
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI
+                    );
+                    break;
+                case TETHERING_WIFI_P2P:
+                    TetheringStatsLog.write(
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                            CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_LEGACY_TETHER_WITH_TYPE_WIFI_P2P
+                    );
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // Do nothing
+                    break;
+            }
             try {
                 listener.onResult(tether(iface, requestedState));
             } catch (RemoteException e) { }
@@ -1096,21 +1122,55 @@
     }
 
     // TODO: Figure out how to update for local hotspot mode interfaces.
-    private void sendTetherStateChangedBroadcast() {
+    private void notifyTetherStatesChanged() {
         if (!isTetheringSupported()) return;
 
+        sendTetherStatesChangedCallback();
+        sendTetherStatesChangedBroadcast();
+
+        int downstreamTypesMask = DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
+            final int type = tetherState.ipServer.interfaceType();
+            if (tetherState.lastState != IpServer.STATE_TETHERED) continue;
+            switch (type) {
+                case TETHERING_USB:
+                case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:
+                    downstreamTypesMask |= (1 << type);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // Do nothing.
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        mNotificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(downstreamTypesMask);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds a TetherStatesParcel for the specified CallbackCookie. SoftApConfiguration will only
+     * be included if the cookie has the same uid as the app that specified the configuration, or
+     * if the cookie has system privilege.
+     *
+     * @param cookie CallbackCookie of the receiving app.
+     * @return TetherStatesParcel with information redacted for the specified cookie.
+     */
+    private TetherStatesParcel buildTetherStatesParcel(CallbackCookie cookie) {
         final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> available = new ArrayList<>();
         final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> tethered = new ArrayList<>();
         final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> localOnly = new ArrayList<>();
         final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> errored = new ArrayList<>();
         final ArrayList<Integer> lastErrors = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        int downstreamTypesMask = DOWNSTREAM_NONE;
         for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
             final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
             final int type = tetherState.ipServer.interfaceType();
             final String iface = mTetherStates.keyAt(i);
-            final TetheringInterface tetheringIface = new TetheringInterface(type, iface);
+            final TetheringRequest request = tetherState.ipServer.getTetheringRequest();
+            final boolean includeSoftApConfig = request != null && cookie != null
+                    && (cookie.uid == request.getUid() || cookie.hasSystemPrivilege);
+            final TetheringInterface tetheringIface = new TetheringInterface(type, iface,
+                    includeSoftApConfig ? request.getSoftApConfiguration() : null);
             if (tetherState.lastError != TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
                 errored.add(tetheringIface);
                 lastErrors.add(tetherState.lastError);
@@ -1123,41 +1183,16 @@
                     case TETHERING_USB:
                     case TETHERING_WIFI:
                     case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:
-                        downstreamTypesMask |= (1 << type);
                         break;
                     default:
                         // Do nothing.
+                        break;
                 }
                 tethered.add(tetheringIface);
             }
         }
 
-        mTetherStatesParcel = buildTetherStatesParcel(available, localOnly, tethered, errored,
-                lastErrors);
-        reportTetherStateChanged(mTetherStatesParcel);
-
-        mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(buildStateChangeIntent(available, localOnly, tethered,
-                errored), UserHandle.ALL);
-        if (DBG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, String.format(
-                    "reportTetherStateChanged %s=[%s] %s=[%s] %s=[%s] %s=[%s]",
-                    "avail", TextUtils.join(",", available),
-                    "local_only", TextUtils.join(",", localOnly),
-                    "tether", TextUtils.join(",", tethered),
-                    "error", TextUtils.join(",", errored)));
-        }
-
-        mNotificationUpdater.onDownstreamChanged(downstreamTypesMask);
-    }
-
-    private TetherStatesParcel buildTetherStatesParcel(
-            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> available,
-            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> localOnly,
-            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> tethered,
-            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> errored,
-            final ArrayList<Integer> lastErrors) {
         final TetherStatesParcel parcel = new TetherStatesParcel();
-
         parcel.availableList = available.toArray(new TetheringInterface[0]);
         parcel.tetheredList = tethered.toArray(new TetheringInterface[0]);
         parcel.localOnlyList = localOnly.toArray(new TetheringInterface[0]);
@@ -1166,23 +1201,23 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < lastErrors.size(); i++) {
             parcel.lastErrorList[i] = lastErrors.get(i);
         }
-
         return parcel;
     }
 
-    private Intent buildStateChangeIntent(final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> available,
-            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> localOnly,
-            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> tethered,
-            final ArrayList<TetheringInterface> errored) {
+    private void sendTetherStatesChangedBroadcast() {
         final Intent bcast = new Intent(ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED);
         bcast.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING);
 
-        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER, toIfaces(available));
-        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY, toIfaces(localOnly));
-        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER, toIfaces(tethered));
-        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER, toIfaces(errored));
-
-        return bcast;
+        TetherStatesParcel parcel = buildTetherStatesParcel(null /* cookie */);
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(
+                EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER, toIfaces(Arrays.asList(parcel.availableList)));
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(
+                EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY, toIfaces(Arrays.asList(parcel.localOnlyList)));
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(
+                EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER, toIfaces(Arrays.asList(parcel.tetheredList)));
+        bcast.putStringArrayListExtra(
+                EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER, toIfaces(Arrays.asList(parcel.erroredIfaceList)));
+        mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(bcast, UserHandle.ALL);
     }
 
     private class StateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@@ -2004,11 +2039,11 @@
             final UpstreamNetworkState ns = (UpstreamNetworkState) o;
             switch (arg1) {
                 case UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LINKPROPERTIES:
-                    mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(
+                    mRoutingCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(
                             ns.linkProperties, ns.networkCapabilities, ns.network);
                     break;
                 case UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EVENT_ON_LOST:
-                    mPrivateAddressCoordinator.removeUpstreamPrefix(ns.network);
+                    mRoutingCoordinator.removeUpstreamPrefix(ns.network);
                     break;
             }
 
@@ -2078,8 +2113,8 @@
                     return;
                 }
 
-                mPrivateAddressCoordinator.maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams();
-                mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.startObserveAllNetworks();
+                mRoutingCoordinator.maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams();
+                mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
 
                 // TODO: De-duplicate with updateUpstreamWanted() below.
                 if (upstreamWanted()) {
@@ -2197,9 +2232,9 @@
                         break;
                     }
                     case EVENT_REQUEST_CHANGE_DOWNSTREAM: {
-                        final int tetheringType = message.arg1;
-                        final Boolean enabled = (Boolean) message.obj;
-                        enableTetheringInternal(tetheringType, enabled, null);
+                        final boolean enabled = message.arg1 == 1;
+                        final TetheringRequest request = (TetheringRequest) message.obj;
+                        enableTetheringInternal(request.getTetheringType(), enabled, null, null);
                         break;
                     }
                     default:
@@ -2396,19 +2431,19 @@
 
     /** Register tethering event callback */
     void registerTetheringEventCallback(ITetheringEventCallback callback) {
-        final boolean hasListPermission =
-                hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS)
-                        || hasCallingPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
-                        || hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_STACK);
+        final int uid = mDeps.getBinderCallingUid();
+        final boolean hasSystemPrivilege = hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+                || hasCallingPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+                || hasCallingPermission(NETWORK_STACK);
         mHandler.post(() -> {
-            mTetheringEventCallbacks.register(callback, new CallbackCookie(hasListPermission));
+            CallbackCookie cookie = new CallbackCookie(uid, hasSystemPrivilege);
+            mTetheringEventCallbacks.register(callback, cookie);
             final TetheringCallbackStartedParcel parcel = new TetheringCallbackStartedParcel();
             parcel.supportedTypes = mSupportedTypeBitmap;
             parcel.upstreamNetwork = mTetherUpstream;
             parcel.config = mConfig.toStableParcelable();
-            parcel.states =
-                    mTetherStatesParcel != null ? mTetherStatesParcel : emptyTetherStatesParcel();
-            parcel.tetheredClients = hasListPermission
+            parcel.states = buildTetherStatesParcel(cookie);
+            parcel.tetheredClients = hasSystemPrivilege
                     ? mConnectedClientsTracker.getLastTetheredClients()
                     : Collections.emptyList();
             parcel.offloadStatus = mOffloadStatus;
@@ -2420,17 +2455,6 @@
         });
     }
 
-    private TetherStatesParcel emptyTetherStatesParcel() {
-        final TetherStatesParcel parcel = new TetherStatesParcel();
-        parcel.availableList = new TetheringInterface[0];
-        parcel.tetheredList = new TetheringInterface[0];
-        parcel.localOnlyList = new TetheringInterface[0];
-        parcel.erroredIfaceList = new TetheringInterface[0];
-        parcel.lastErrorList = new int[0];
-
-        return parcel;
-    }
-
     private boolean hasCallingPermission(@NonNull String permission) {
         return mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
     }
@@ -2489,12 +2513,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void reportTetherStateChanged(TetherStatesParcel states) {
+    private void sendTetherStatesChangedCallback() {
         final int length = mTetheringEventCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
         try {
             for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                 try {
-                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onTetherStatesChanged(states);
+                    TetherStatesParcel parcel = buildTetherStatesParcel(
+                            (CallbackCookie) mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastCookie(i));
+                    mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onTetherStatesChanged(parcel);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     // Not really very much to do here.
                 }
@@ -2502,6 +2528,18 @@
         } finally {
             mTetheringEventCallbacks.finishBroadcast();
         }
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            // Use a CallbackCookie with system privilege so nothing is redacted.
+            TetherStatesParcel parcel = buildTetherStatesParcel(
+                    new CallbackCookie(Process.SYSTEM_UID, true /* hasSystemPrivilege */));
+            Log.d(TAG, String.format(
+                    "sendTetherStatesChangedCallback %s=[%s] %s=[%s] %s=[%s] %s=[%s]",
+                    "avail", TextUtils.join(",", Arrays.asList(parcel.availableList)),
+                    "local_only", TextUtils.join(",", Arrays.asList(parcel.localOnlyList)),
+                    "tether", TextUtils.join(",", Arrays.asList(parcel.tetheredList)),
+                    "error", TextUtils.join(",", Arrays.asList(parcel.erroredIfaceList))));
+        }
     }
 
     private void reportTetherClientsChanged(List<TetheredClient> clients) {
@@ -2511,7 +2549,7 @@
                 try {
                     final CallbackCookie cookie =
                             (CallbackCookie) mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastCookie(i);
-                    if (!cookie.hasListClientsPermission) continue;
+                    if (!cookie.hasSystemPrivilege) continue;
                     mTetheringEventCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onTetherClientsChanged(clients);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     // Not really very much to do here.
@@ -2666,11 +2704,6 @@
 
         dumpBpf(pw);
 
-        pw.println("Private address coordinator:");
-        pw.increaseIndent();
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.dump(pw);
-        pw.decreaseIndent();
-
         if (mWearableConnectionManager != null) {
             pw.println("WearableConnectionManager:");
             pw.increaseIndent();
@@ -2751,7 +2784,7 @@
                     return;
             }
             mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, who);
-            sendTetherStateChangedBroadcast();
+            notifyTetherStatesChanged();
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -2779,9 +2812,9 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void requestEnableTethering(int tetheringType, boolean enabled) {
+        public void requestEnableTethering(TetheringRequest request, boolean enabled) {
             mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(TetherMainSM.EVENT_REQUEST_CHANGE_DOWNSTREAM,
-                    tetheringType, 0, enabled ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
+                    enabled ? 1 : 0, 0, request);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2824,8 +2857,7 @@
         mLog.i("adding IpServer for: " + iface);
         final TetherState tetherState = new TetherState(
                 new IpServer(iface, mHandler, interfaceType, mLog, mNetd, mBpfCoordinator,
-                        mRoutingCoordinator, new ControlCallback(), mConfig,
-                        mPrivateAddressCoordinator, mTetheringMetrics,
+                        mRoutingCoordinator, new ControlCallback(), mConfig, mTetheringMetrics,
                         mDeps.makeIpServerDependencies()), isNcm);
         mTetherStates.put(iface, tetherState);
         tetherState.ipServer.start();
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
index c9817c9..b3e9c1b 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@
     private final int mP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength;
 
     private final boolean mEnableWearTethering;
-    private final boolean mRandomPrefixBase;
 
     private final int mUsbTetheringFunction;
     protected final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
@@ -300,8 +299,6 @@
 
         mEnableWearTethering = shouldEnableWearTethering(ctx);
 
-        mRandomPrefixBase = mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(ctx, TETHER_FORCE_RANDOM_PREFIX_BASE_SELECTION);
-
         configLog.log(toString());
     }
 
@@ -390,10 +387,6 @@
         return mEnableWearTethering;
     }
 
-    public boolean isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled() {
-        return mRandomPrefixBase;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Check whether sync SM is enabled then set it to USE_SYNC_SM. This should be called once
      * when tethering is created. Otherwise if the flag is pushed while tethering is enabled,
@@ -455,9 +448,6 @@
         pw.print("mUsbTetheringFunction: ");
         pw.println(isUsingNcm() ? "NCM" : "RNDIS");
 
-        pw.print("mRandomPrefixBase: ");
-        pw.println(mRandomPrefixBase);
-
         pw.print("USE_SYNC_SM: ");
         pw.println(USE_SYNC_SM);
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
index 81f057c..8e17085 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityInternalApiUtil;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
 import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
 import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorService;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
@@ -136,7 +138,10 @@
     public RoutingCoordinatorManager getRoutingCoordinator(Context context, SharedLog log) {
         IBinder binder;
         if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
-            binder = new RoutingCoordinatorService(getINetd(context, log));
+            final ConnectivityManager cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+            binder =
+                    new RoutingCoordinatorService(
+                            getINetd(context, log), cm::getAllNetworks, context);
         } else {
             binder = ConnectivityInternalApiUtil.getRoutingCoordinator(context);
         }
@@ -175,18 +180,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Make PrivateAddressCoordinator to be used by Tethering.
-     */
-    public PrivateAddressCoordinator makePrivateAddressCoordinator(
-            Context ctx, TetheringConfiguration cfg) {
-        final ConnectivityManager cm = ctx.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
-        return new PrivateAddressCoordinator(
-                cm::getAllNetworks,
-                cfg.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled(),
-                cfg.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp());
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Make BluetoothPanShim object to enable/disable bluetooth tethering.
      *
      * TODO: use BluetoothPan directly when mainline module is built with API 32.
@@ -209,4 +202,19 @@
     public WearableConnectionManager makeWearableConnectionManager(Context ctx) {
         return new WearableConnectionManager(ctx);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper to get the binder calling uid for unit testing.
+     */
+    public int getBinderCallingUid() {
+        return Binder.getCallingUid();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for tethering_with_soft_ap_config feature flag.
+     */
+    public boolean isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled() {
+        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM
+                && Flags.tetheringWithSoftApConfig();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdater.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdater.java
index a0198cc..a29f0c2 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdater.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringNotificationUpdater.java
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@
     static final int ROAMING_NOTIFICATION_ID = 1003;
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int NO_ICON_ID = 0;
-    @VisibleForTesting
     static final int DOWNSTREAM_NONE = 0;
     // Refer to TelephonyManager#getSimCarrierId for more details about carrier id.
     @VisibleForTesting
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
index 454cbf1..0c44a38 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
 import static android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer.STATUS_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
 
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
 import android.app.Service;
 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
@@ -132,14 +133,18 @@
         @Override
         public void startTethering(TetheringRequestParcel request, String callerPkg,
                 String callingAttributionTag, IIntResultListener listener) {
+            boolean onlyAllowPrivileged = request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
+                    || request.interfaceName != null;
             if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg,
                     callingAttributionTag,
-                    request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck /* onlyAllowPrivileged */,
+                    onlyAllowPrivileged,
                     listener)) {
                 return;
             }
-            // TODO(b/216524590): Add UID/packageName of caller to TetheringRequest here
-            mTethering.startTethering(new TetheringRequest(request), callerPkg, listener);
+            TetheringRequest external = new TetheringRequest(request);
+            external.setUid(getBinderCallingUid());
+            external.setPackageName(callerPkg);
+            mTethering.startTethering(external, callerPkg, listener);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -238,6 +243,12 @@
                 final String callingAttributionTag, final boolean onlyAllowPrivileged,
                 final IIntResultListener listener) {
             try {
+                if (!checkPackageNameMatchesUid(getBinderCallingUid(), callerPkg)) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Package name " + callerPkg + " does not match UID "
+                            + getBinderCallingUid());
+                    listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+                    return true;
+                }
                 if (!hasTetherChangePermission(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag,
                         onlyAllowPrivileged)) {
                     listener.onResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
@@ -256,6 +267,12 @@
 
         private boolean checkAndNotifyCommonError(final String callerPkg,
                 final String callingAttributionTag, final ResultReceiver receiver) {
+            if (!checkPackageNameMatchesUid(getBinderCallingUid(), callerPkg)) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Package name " + callerPkg + " does not match UID "
+                        + getBinderCallingUid());
+                receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION, null);
+                return true;
+            }
             if (!hasTetherChangePermission(callerPkg, callingAttributionTag,
                     false /* onlyAllowPrivileged */)) {
                 receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION, null);
@@ -269,6 +286,10 @@
             return false;
         }
 
+        private boolean hasNetworkSettingsPermission() {
+            return checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+
         private boolean hasNetworkStackPermission() {
             return checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_STACK)
                     || checkCallingOrSelfPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
@@ -284,15 +305,20 @@
 
         private boolean hasTetherChangePermission(final String callerPkg,
                 final String callingAttributionTag, final boolean onlyAllowPrivileged) {
-            if (onlyAllowPrivileged && !hasNetworkStackPermission()) return false;
+            if (onlyAllowPrivileged && !hasNetworkStackPermission()
+                    && !hasNetworkSettingsPermission()) return false;
 
             if (hasTetherPrivilegedPermission()) return true;
 
+            // After TetheringManager moves to public API, prevent third-party apps from being able
+            // to change tethering with only WRITE_SETTINGS permission.
+            if (mTethering.isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled()) return false;
+
             if (mTethering.isTetherProvisioningRequired()) return false;
 
-            int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+            int uid = getBinderCallingUid();
 
-            // If callerPkg's uid is not same as Binder.getCallingUid(),
+            // If callerPkg's uid is not same as getBinderCallingUid(),
             // checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation will return false and the operation will be
             // denied.
             return mService.checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(mService, uid, callerPkg,
@@ -305,6 +331,14 @@
             return mService.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
                     ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
         }
+
+        private int getBinderCallingUid() {
+            return mService.getBinderCallingUid();
+        }
+
+        private boolean checkPackageNameMatchesUid(final int uid, final String callerPkg) {
+            return mService.checkPackageNameMatchesUid(mService, uid, callerPkg);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -322,6 +356,32 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Check if the package name matches the uid.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean checkPackageNameMatchesUid(@NonNull Context context, int uid,
+            @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+        try {
+            final AppOpsManager mAppOps = context.getSystemService(AppOpsManager.class);
+            if (mAppOps == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            mAppOps.checkPackage(uid, callingPackage);
+        } catch (SecurityException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the Binder calling UID, used for mocks.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int getBinderCallingUid() {
+        return Binder.getCallingUid();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * An injection method for testing.
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
index 7a05d74..9705d84 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ConnectivityManagerShim;
@@ -62,9 +64,10 @@
  * The owner of UNM gets it to register network callbacks by calling the
  * following methods :
  * Calling #startTrackDefaultNetwork() to track the system default network.
- * Calling #startObserveAllNetworks() to observe all networks. Listening all
- * networks is necessary while the expression of preferred upstreams remains
- * a list of legacy connectivity types.  In future, this can be revisited.
+ * Calling #startObserveUpstreamNetworks() to observe upstream networks.
+ * Listening all upstream networks is necessary while the expression of
+ * preferred upstreams remains a list of legacy connectivity types.
+ * In future, this can be revisited.
  * Calling #setTryCell() to request bringing up mobile DUN or HIPRI.
  *
  * The methods and data members of this class are only to be accessed and
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final int TYPE_NONE = -1;
 
-    private static final int CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL = 1;
+    private static final int CALLBACK_LISTEN_UPSTREAM = 1;
     private static final int CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET = 2;
     private static final int CALLBACK_MOBILE_REQUEST = 3;
 
@@ -116,7 +119,7 @@
     private HashSet<IpPrefix> mLocalPrefixes;
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
     private EntitlementManager mEntitlementMgr;
-    private NetworkCallback mListenAllCallback;
+    private NetworkCallback mListenUpstreamCallback;
     private NetworkCallback mDefaultNetworkCallback;
     private NetworkCallback mMobileNetworkCallback;
 
@@ -157,20 +160,29 @@
         }
         ConnectivityManagerShim mCmShim = ConnectivityManagerShimImpl.newInstance(mContext);
         mDefaultNetworkCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET);
+        // TODO (b/382413665): By definition, a local network cannot be the system default,
+        //  because it does not provide internet capability. Figure out whether this
+        //  is enforced in ConnectivityService. Or what will happen for tethering if it happens.
         mCmShim.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mHandler);
         if (mEntitlementMgr == null) {
             mEntitlementMgr = entitle;
         }
     }
 
-    /** Listen all networks. */
-    public void startObserveAllNetworks() {
+    /** Listen upstream networks. */
+    public void startObserveUpstreamNetworks() {
         stop();
 
-        final NetworkRequest listenAllRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .clearCapabilities().build();
-        mListenAllCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL);
-        cm().registerNetworkCallback(listenAllRequest, mListenAllCallback, mHandler);
+        final NetworkRequest listenUpstreamRequest;
+        // Before V, only TV supports local agent on U, which doesn't support tethering.
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            listenUpstreamRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities()
+                    .addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK).build();
+        }  else {
+            listenUpstreamRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().clearCapabilities().build();
+        }
+        mListenUpstreamCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_LISTEN_UPSTREAM);
+        cm().registerNetworkCallback(listenUpstreamRequest, mListenUpstreamCallback, mHandler);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -183,8 +195,8 @@
     public void stop() {
         setTryCell(false);
 
-        releaseCallback(mListenAllCallback);
-        mListenAllCallback = null;
+        releaseCallback(mListenUpstreamCallback);
+        mListenUpstreamCallback = null;
 
         mNetworkMap.clear();
     }
@@ -535,10 +547,10 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            // Any non-LISTEN_ALL callback will necessarily concern a network that will
-            // also match the LISTEN_ALL callback by construction of the LISTEN_ALL callback.
-            // So it's not useful to do this work for non-LISTEN_ALL callbacks.
-            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL) {
+            // Any non-LISTEN_UPSTREAM callback will necessarily concern a network that will
+            // also match the LISTEN_UPSTREAM callback by construction of the LISTEN_UPSTREAM
+            // callback. So it's not useful to do this work for non-LISTEN_UPSTREAM callbacks.
+            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_LISTEN_UPSTREAM) {
                 recomputeLocalPrefixes();
             }
         }
@@ -555,10 +567,11 @@
             }
 
             handleLost(network);
-            // Any non-LISTEN_ALL callback will necessarily concern a network that will
-            // also match the LISTEN_ALL callback by construction of the LISTEN_ALL callback.
-            // So it's not useful to do this work for non-LISTEN_ALL callbacks.
-            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_LISTEN_ALL) {
+            // Any non-LISTEN_UPSTREAM callback will necessarily concern a network that will
+            // also match the LISTEN_UPSTREAM callback by construction of the
+            // LISTEN_UPSTREAM callback. So it's not useful to do this work for
+            // non-LISTEN_UPSTREAM callbacks.
+            if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_LISTEN_UPSTREAM) {
                 recomputeLocalPrefixes();
             }
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java
index fc50faf..087ce44 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
-import android.os.Looper;
 import android.stats.connectivity.DownstreamType;
 import android.stats.connectivity.ErrorCode;
 import android.stats.connectivity.UpstreamType;
@@ -76,6 +75,7 @@
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -111,7 +111,11 @@
     private final SparseArray<NetworkTetheringReported.Builder> mBuilderMap = new SparseArray<>();
     private final SparseArray<Long> mDownstreamStartTime = new SparseArray<Long>();
     private final ArrayList<RecordUpstreamEvent> mUpstreamEventList = new ArrayList<>();
-    private final ArrayMap<UpstreamType, DataUsage> mUpstreamUsageBaseline = new ArrayMap<>();
+    // Store the last reported data usage for each upstream type to be used for calculating the
+    // usage delta. The keys are the upstream types, and the values are the tethering UID data
+    // usage for the corresponding types. Retrieve the baseline data usage when tethering is
+    // enabled, update it when the upstream changes, and clear it when tethering is disabled.
+    private final ArrayMap<UpstreamType, DataUsage> mLastReportedUpstreamUsage = new ArrayMap<>();
     private final Context mContext;
     private final Dependencies mDependencies;
     private final NetworkStatsManager mNetworkStatsManager;
@@ -157,10 +161,15 @@
 
         /**
          * @see Handler
+         *
+         * Note: This should only be called once, within the constructor, as it creates a new
+         * thread. Calling it multiple times could lead to a thread leak.
          */
         @NonNull
-        public Handler createHandler(Looper looper) {
-            return new Handler(looper);
+        public Handler createHandler() {
+            final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+            thread.start();
+            return new Handler(thread.getLooper());
         }
     }
 
@@ -177,9 +186,7 @@
         mContext = context;
         mDependencies = dependencies;
         mNetworkStatsManager = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkStatsManager.class);
-        final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
-        thread.start();
-        mHandler = dependencies.createHandler(thread.getLooper());
+        mHandler = dependencies.createHandler();
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -282,22 +289,33 @@
      * Calculates the data usage difference between the current and previous usage for the
      * specified upstream type.
      *
+     * Note: This must be called before updating mCurrentUpstream when changing the upstream.
+     *
      * @return A DataUsage object containing the calculated difference in transmitted (tx) and
      *         received (rx) bytes.
      */
     private DataUsage calculateDataUsageDelta(@Nullable UpstreamType upstream) {
-        if (upstream != null && mDependencies.isUpstreamDataUsageMetricsEnabled(mContext)
-                && isUsageSupportedForUpstreamType(upstream)) {
-            final DataUsage oldUsage = mUpstreamUsageBaseline.getOrDefault(upstream, EMPTY);
-            if (oldUsage.equals(EMPTY)) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "No usage baseline for the upstream=" + upstream);
-                return EMPTY;
-            }
-            // TODO(b/352537247): Fix data usage which might be incorrect if the device uses
-            //  tethering with the same upstream for over 15 days.
-            return DataUsage.subtract(getCurrentDataUsageForUpstreamType(upstream), oldUsage);
+        if (!mDependencies.isUpstreamDataUsageMetricsEnabled(mContext)) {
+            return EMPTY;
         }
-        return EMPTY;
+
+        if (upstream == null || !isUsageSupportedForUpstreamType(upstream)) {
+            return EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        final DataUsage oldUsage = mLastReportedUpstreamUsage.getOrDefault(upstream, EMPTY);
+        if (oldUsage.equals(EMPTY)) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "No usage baseline for the upstream=" + upstream);
+            return EMPTY;
+        }
+        // TODO(b/370724247): Fix data usage which might be incorrect if the device uses
+        //  tethering with the same upstream for over 15 days.
+        // Need to refresh the baseline usage data. If the network switches back to Wi-Fi after
+        // using cellular data (Wi-Fi -> Cellular -> Wi-Fi), the old baseline might be
+        // inaccurate, leading to incorrect delta calculations.
+        final DataUsage newUsage = getCurrentDataUsageForUpstreamType(upstream);
+        mLastReportedUpstreamUsage.put(upstream, newUsage);
+        return DataUsage.subtract(newUsage, oldUsage);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -416,7 +434,6 @@
      * @param reported a NetworkTetheringReported object containing statistics to write
      */
     private void write(@NonNull final NetworkTetheringReported reported) {
-        final byte[] upstreamEvents = reported.getUpstreamEvents().toByteArray();
         mDependencies.write(reported);
         if (DBG) {
             Log.d(
@@ -430,7 +447,7 @@
                     + ", userType: "
                     + reported.getUserType().getNumber()
                     + ", upstreamTypes: "
-                    + Arrays.toString(upstreamEvents)
+                    + Arrays.toString(reported.getUpstreamEvents().toByteArray())
                     + ", durationMillis: "
                     + reported.getDurationMillis());
         }
@@ -444,25 +461,26 @@
     }
 
     private void handleInitUpstreamUsageBaseline() {
-        if (!(mDependencies.isUpstreamDataUsageMetricsEnabled(mContext)
-                && mUpstreamUsageBaseline.isEmpty())) {
+        if (!mDependencies.isUpstreamDataUsageMetricsEnabled(mContext)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!mLastReportedUpstreamUsage.isEmpty()) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "The upstream usage baseline has been initialed.");
             return;
         }
 
         for (UpstreamType type : UpstreamType.values()) {
             if (!isUsageSupportedForUpstreamType(type)) continue;
-            mUpstreamUsageBaseline.put(type, getCurrentDataUsageForUpstreamType(type));
+            mLastReportedUpstreamUsage.put(type, getCurrentDataUsageForUpstreamType(type));
         }
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     @NonNull
-    DataUsage getDataUsageFromUpstreamType(@NonNull UpstreamType type) {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on Handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
-        return mUpstreamUsageBaseline.getOrDefault(type, EMPTY);
+    DataUsage getLastReportedUsageFromUpstreamType(@NonNull UpstreamType type) {
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
+        return mLastReportedUpstreamUsage.getOrDefault(type, EMPTY);
     }
 
 
@@ -497,7 +515,7 @@
         mUpstreamEventList.clear();
         mCurrentUpstream = null;
         mCurrentUpStreamStartTime = 0L;
-        mUpstreamUsageBaseline.clear();
+        mLastReportedUpstreamUsage.clear();
     }
 
     private DownstreamType downstreamTypeToEnum(final int ifaceType) {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
index 423b9b8..1323f28 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.FragmentHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader;
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -158,10 +158,10 @@
     protected TetheredInterfaceRequester mTetheredInterfaceRequester;
 
     // Late initialization in initTetheringTester().
-    private TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
+    private PollPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
     private TestNetworkTracker mUpstreamTracker;
     private TestNetworkInterface mDownstreamIface;
-    private TapPacketReader mDownstreamReader;
+    private PollPacketReader mDownstreamReader;
     private MyTetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
 
     public Context getContext() {
@@ -187,10 +187,10 @@
         return runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> sTm.isTetheringSupported());
     }
 
-    protected void maybeStopTapPacketReader(final TapPacketReader tapPacketReader)
+    protected void maybeStopTapPacketReader(final PollPacketReader tapPacketReader)
             throws Exception {
         if (tapPacketReader != null) {
-            TapPacketReader reader = tapPacketReader;
+            PollPacketReader reader = tapPacketReader;
             mHandler.post(() -> reader.stop());
         }
     }
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
             });
         }
         if (mUpstreamReader != null) {
-            TapPacketReader reader = mUpstreamReader;
+            PollPacketReader reader = mUpstreamReader;
             mHandler.post(() -> reader.stop());
             mUpstreamReader = null;
         }
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
         });
     }
 
-    protected static void waitForRouterAdvertisement(TapPacketReader reader, String iface,
+    protected static void waitForRouterAdvertisement(PollPacketReader reader, String iface,
             long timeoutMs) {
         final long deadline = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + timeoutMs;
         do {
@@ -332,15 +332,16 @@
         // seconds. See b/289881008.
         private static final int EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
 
-        MyTetheringEventCallback(String iface) {
-            mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(int tetheringType, String iface) {
+            mIface = new TetheringInterface(tetheringType, iface);
             mExpectedUpstream = null;
             mAcceptAnyUpstream = true;
         }
 
-        MyTetheringEventCallback(String iface, @NonNull Network expectedUpstream) {
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(
+                int tetheringType, String iface, @NonNull Network expectedUpstream) {
             Objects.requireNonNull(expectedUpstream);
-            mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
+            mIface = new TetheringInterface(tetheringType, iface);
             mExpectedUpstream = expectedUpstream;
             mAcceptAnyUpstream = false;
         }
@@ -392,12 +393,12 @@
         }
 
         public void awaitInterfaceTethered() throws Exception {
-            assertTrue("Ethernet not tethered after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+            assertTrue("Interface is not tethered after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
                     mTetheringStartedLatch.await(EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         }
 
         public void awaitInterfaceLocalOnly() throws Exception {
-            assertTrue("Ethernet not local-only after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+            assertTrue("Interface is not local-only after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
                     mLocalOnlyStartedLatch.await(EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         }
 
@@ -501,15 +502,17 @@
         sCallbackErrors.add(error);
     }
 
-    protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
+    protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableTethering(String iface,
             TetheringRequest request, Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
-        // Enable ethernet tethering with null expectedUpstream means the test accept any upstream
-        // after etherent tethering started.
+        // Enable tethering with null expectedUpstream means the test accept any upstream after
+        // tethering started.
         final MyTetheringEventCallback callback;
         if (expectedUpstream != null) {
-            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(iface, expectedUpstream);
+            callback =
+                    new MyTetheringEventCallback(
+                            request.getTetheringType(), iface, expectedUpstream);
         } else {
-            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(iface);
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(request.getTetheringType(), iface);
         }
         runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
             sTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(c -> c.run() /* executor */, callback);
@@ -521,7 +524,7 @@
         StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback() {
             @Override
             public void onTetheringStarted() {
-                Log.d(TAG, "Ethernet tethering started");
+                Log.d(TAG, "Tethering started");
                 tetheringStartedLatch.countDown();
             }
 
@@ -530,8 +533,8 @@
                 addCallbackError("Unexpectedly got onTetheringFailed");
             }
         };
-        Log.d(TAG, "Starting Ethernet tethering");
-        runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Starting tethering");
+        runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
             sTm.startTethering(request, c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
             // Binder call is an async call. Need to hold the shell permission until tethering
             // started. This helps to avoid the test become flaky.
@@ -557,7 +560,7 @@
 
     protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
             Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
-        return enableEthernetTethering(iface,
+        return enableTethering(iface,
                 new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build(), expectedUpstream);
     }
@@ -574,13 +577,13 @@
         return nif.getIndex();
     }
 
-    protected TapPacketReader makePacketReader(final TestNetworkInterface iface) throws Exception {
+    protected PollPacketReader makePacketReader(final TestNetworkInterface iface) throws Exception {
         FileDescriptor fd = iface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
         return makePacketReader(fd, getMTU(iface));
     }
 
-    protected TapPacketReader makePacketReader(FileDescriptor fd, int mtu) {
-        final TapPacketReader reader = new TapPacketReader(mHandler, fd, mtu);
+    protected PollPacketReader makePacketReader(FileDescriptor fd, int mtu) {
+        final PollPacketReader reader = new PollPacketReader(mHandler, fd, mtu);
         mHandler.post(() -> reader.start());
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, TIMEOUT_MS);
         return reader;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/TetheringTester.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/TetheringTester.java
index b152b4c..fb94eed 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/TetheringTester.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/TetheringTester.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RaHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.TcpHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader;
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader;
 
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@
     public static final String DHCP_HOSTNAME = "testhostname";
 
     private final ArrayMap<MacAddress, TetheredDevice> mTetheredDevices;
-    private final TapPacketReader mDownstreamReader;
-    private final TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
+    private final PollPacketReader mDownstreamReader;
+    private final PollPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
 
-    public TetheringTester(TapPacketReader downstream) {
+    public TetheringTester(PollPacketReader downstream) {
         this(downstream, null);
     }
 
-    public TetheringTester(TapPacketReader downstream, TapPacketReader upstream) {
+    public TetheringTester(PollPacketReader downstream, PollPacketReader upstream) {
         if (downstream == null) fail("Downstream reader could not be NULL");
 
         mDownstreamReader = downstream;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 32b2f3e..5c8d347 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.TestDnsPacket;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.buildIcmpEchoPacketV4;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.buildUdpPacket;
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.DumpTestUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest;
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Rule;
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@
 
         TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
         MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
-        TapPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
+        PollPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
 
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
@@ -236,7 +238,8 @@
             downstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, mtu);
             tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
                     null /* any upstream */);
-            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(downstreamReader, tetheringEventCallback);
+            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(
+                    downstreamReader, TETHERING_ETHERNET, tetheringEventCallback);
         } finally {
             maybeStopTapPacketReader(downstreamReader);
             maybeCloseTestInterface(downstreamIface);
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@
 
         TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
         MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
-        TapPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
+        PollPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
 
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
@@ -267,7 +270,8 @@
             downstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, getMTU(downstreamIface));
             tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
                     null /* any upstream */);
-            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(downstreamReader, tetheringEventCallback);
+            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(
+                    downstreamReader, TETHERING_ETHERNET, tetheringEventCallback);
         } finally {
             maybeStopTapPacketReader(downstreamReader);
             maybeCloseTestInterface(downstreamIface);
@@ -283,7 +287,7 @@
 
         TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
         MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
-        TapPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
+        PollPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
 
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@
 
             final String localAddr = "192.0.2.3/28";
             final String clientAddr = "192.0.2.2/28";
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface,
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(iface,
                     requestWithStaticIpv4(localAddr, clientAddr), null /* any upstream */);
 
             tetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceTethered();
@@ -357,7 +361,7 @@
 
         TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
         MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
-        TapPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
+        PollPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
 
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
@@ -368,8 +372,7 @@
 
             final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                     .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build();
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, request,
-                    null /* any upstream */);
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(iface, request, null /* any upstream */);
             tetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceLocalOnly();
 
             // makePacketReader only works after tethering is started, because until then the
@@ -423,7 +426,8 @@
         // client, which is not possible in this test.
     }
 
-    private void checkTetheredClientCallbacks(final TapPacketReader packetReader,
+    private void checkTetheredClientCallbacks(final PollPacketReader packetReader,
+            final int tetheringType,
             final MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback) throws Exception {
         // Create a fake client.
         byte[] clientMacAddr = new byte[6];
@@ -438,7 +442,7 @@
 
         // Check the MAC address.
         assertEquals(MacAddress.fromBytes(clientMacAddr), client.getMacAddress());
-        assertEquals(TETHERING_ETHERNET, client.getTetheringType());
+        assertEquals(tetheringType, client.getTetheringType());
 
         // Check the hostname.
         assertEquals(1, client.getAddresses().size());
@@ -475,8 +479,7 @@
     private void assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(String iface, String local, String client)
             throws Exception {
         try {
-            enableEthernetTethering(iface, requestWithStaticIpv4(local, client),
-                    null /* any upstream */);
+            enableTethering(iface, requestWithStaticIpv4(local, client), null /* any upstream */);
             fail("Unexpectedly accepted invalid IPv4 configuration: " + local + ", " + client);
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException expected) { }
     }
@@ -1180,4 +1183,32 @@
                 TX_UDP_PACKET_COUNT * (TX_UDP_PACKET_SIZE + IPV6_HEADER_LEN - IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN),
                 newEgress4.bytes - oldEgress4.bytes);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringVirtual() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable());
+        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
+        MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
+        PollPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
+        try {
+            downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+            String iface = downstreamIface.getInterfaceName();
+            final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_VIRTUAL)
+                    .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL)
+                    .setInterfaceName(iface)
+                    .build();
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(iface, request, null /* any upstream */);
+
+            FileDescriptor fd = downstreamIface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
+            downstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, getMTU(downstreamIface));
+            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(
+                    downstreamReader, TETHERING_VIRTUAL, tetheringEventCallback);
+        } finally {
+            maybeStopTapPacketReader(downstreamReader);
+            maybeCloseTestInterface(downstreamIface);
+            maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetheringEventCallback);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/DadProxyTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/DadProxyTest.java
index ebf09ed..0f3f5bb 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/DadProxyTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/DadProxyTest.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReaderRule;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
     private InterfaceParams mUpstreamParams, mTetheredParams;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     private Handler mHandler;
-    private TapPacketReader mUpstreamPacketReader, mTetheredPacketReader;
+    private PollPacketReader mUpstreamPacketReader, mTetheredPacketReader;
 
     private static INetd sNetd;
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
     }
 
     // TODO: change to assert.
-    private boolean waitForPacket(ByteBuffer packet, TapPacketReader reader) {
+    private boolean waitForPacket(ByteBuffer packet, PollPacketReader reader) {
         byte[] p;
 
         while ((p = reader.popPacket(PACKET_TIMEOUT_MS)) != null) {
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
     }
 
     private void receivePacketAndMaybeExpectForwarded(boolean expectForwarded,
-            ByteBuffer in, TapPacketReader inReader, ByteBuffer out, TapPacketReader outReader)
+            ByteBuffer in, PollPacketReader inReader, ByteBuffer out, PollPacketReader outReader)
             throws IOException {
 
         inReader.sendResponse(in);
@@ -271,13 +271,13 @@
         assertEquals(msg, expectForwarded, waitForPacket(out, outReader));
     }
 
-    private void receivePacketAndExpectForwarded(ByteBuffer in, TapPacketReader inReader,
-            ByteBuffer out, TapPacketReader outReader) throws IOException {
+    private void receivePacketAndExpectForwarded(ByteBuffer in, PollPacketReader inReader,
+            ByteBuffer out, PollPacketReader outReader) throws IOException {
         receivePacketAndMaybeExpectForwarded(true, in, inReader, out, outReader);
     }
 
-    private void receivePacketAndExpectNotForwarded(ByteBuffer in, TapPacketReader inReader,
-            ByteBuffer out, TapPacketReader outReader) throws IOException {
+    private void receivePacketAndExpectNotForwarded(ByteBuffer in, PollPacketReader inReader,
+            ByteBuffer out, PollPacketReader outReader) throws IOException {
         receivePacketAndMaybeExpectForwarded(false, in, inReader, out, outReader);
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
index 90ceaa1..7cc8c74 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemonTest.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RaHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RdnssOption;
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReaderRule;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     private InterfaceParams mTetheredParams;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     private Handler mHandler;
-    private TapPacketReader mTetheredPacketReader;
+    private PollPacketReader mTetheredPacketReader;
     private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
 
     private static INetd sNetd;
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index 177296a..680e81d 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -89,13 +89,10 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
-import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
@@ -139,6 +136,7 @@
     private static final boolean DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD = true;
     private static final int DEFAULT_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH = 0;
     private static final int P2P_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH = 25;
+    private static final String LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS = "192.168.49.1/24";
 
     private static final InterfaceParams TEST_IFACE_PARAMS = new InterfaceParams(
             IFACE_NAME, 42 /* index */, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, 1500 /* defaultMtu */);
@@ -174,7 +172,6 @@
     @Mock private DadProxy mDadProxy;
     @Mock private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
     @Mock private IpServer.Dependencies mDependencies;
-    @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator mAddressCoordinator;
     @Mock private RoutingCoordinatorManager mRoutingCoordinatorManager;
     @Mock private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
     @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mTetherConfig;
@@ -196,6 +193,12 @@
 
     private void initStateMachine(int interfaceType, boolean usingLegacyDhcp,
             boolean usingBpfOffload) throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(interfaceType, usingLegacyDhcp, usingBpfOffload,
+                false /* shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp */);
+    }
+
+    private void initStateMachine(int interfaceType, boolean usingLegacyDhcp,
+            boolean usingBpfOffload, boolean shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp) throws Exception {
         when(mDependencies.getDadProxy(any(), any())).thenReturn(mDadProxy);
         when(mDependencies.getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(any())).thenReturn(mRaDaemon);
         when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(IFACE_NAME)).thenReturn(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS);
@@ -213,6 +216,8 @@
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
         when(mTetherConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer()).thenReturn(usingLegacyDhcp);
         when(mTetherConfig.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength()).thenReturn(P2P_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH);
+        when(mTetherConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp())
+                .thenReturn(shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp);
         when(mBpfCoordinator.isUsingBpfOffload()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
         mIpServer = createIpServer(interfaceType);
         mIpServer.start();
@@ -252,9 +257,9 @@
             verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
                     mIpServer, interfaceParams.index, upstreamPrefixes);
         }
-        reset(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
-        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyInt(),
-                anyBoolean())).thenReturn(mTestAddress);
+        reset(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator, mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+        when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(), anyInt(),
+                any())).thenReturn(mTestAddress);
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("DoNotCall") // Ignore warning for synchronous to call to Thread.run()
@@ -275,8 +280,9 @@
     @Before public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         when(mSharedLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mSharedLog);
-        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyInt(),
-                anyBoolean())).thenReturn(mTestAddress);
+        when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(), anyInt(),
+                any())).thenReturn(mTestAddress);
+        when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.requestDownstreamAddress(any())).thenReturn(mTestAddress);
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
         when(mTetherConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer()).thenReturn(false /* default value */);
 
@@ -288,7 +294,7 @@
         mLooper = new TestLooper();
         mHandler = new Handler(mLooper.getLooper());
         return new IpServer(IFACE_NAME, mHandler, interfaceType, mSharedLog, mNetd, mBpfCoordinator,
-                mRoutingCoordinatorManager, mCallback, mTetherConfig, mAddressCoordinator,
+                mRoutingCoordinatorManager, mCallback, mTetherConfig,
                 mTetheringMetrics, mDependencies);
 
     }
@@ -340,10 +346,14 @@
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
 
         dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
-        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         if (isAtLeastT()) {
-            inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(),
-                    eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL), eq(true));
+            inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager)
+                    .requestStickyDownstreamAddress(
+                            eq(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
+                            eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
+                            any());
+            inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager, never()).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
             inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
                     IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName) && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
         }
@@ -364,7 +374,7 @@
         initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, null);
 
         dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED);
-        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceRemove(IFACE_NAME);
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
@@ -375,7 +385,7 @@
                     argThat(cfg -> assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_DOWN)));
         }
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg -> cfg.flags.length == 0));
-        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).releaseDownstream(any());
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).releaseDownstream(any());
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
                 mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
@@ -383,7 +393,7 @@
         verify(mTetheringMetrics).updateErrorCode(eq(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH),
                 eq(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR));
         verify(mTetheringMetrics).sendReport(eq(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH));
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -391,9 +401,10 @@
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_USB);
 
         dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
-        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
-        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(),
-                eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL), eq(true));
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(),
+                eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager, never()).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
                 IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName) && assertContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
@@ -405,17 +416,18 @@
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
                 eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
         assertIPv4AddressAndDirectlyConnectedRoute(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canBeTetheredAsWifiP2p() throws Exception {
+    public void canBeTetheredAsWifiP2p_NotUsingDedicatedIp() throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
 
         dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
-        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mAddressCoordinator);
-        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(),
-                eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL), eq(true));
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(),
+                eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager, never()).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
                   IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName) && assertNotContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
@@ -427,7 +439,35 @@
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
                 eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
         assertIPv4AddressAndDirectlyConnectedRoute(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canBeTetheredAsWifiP2p_UsingDedicatedIp() throws Exception {
+        initStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, false /* usingLegacyDhcp */, DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD,
+                true /* shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp */);
+
+        dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mCallback, mNetd, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+        // When using WiFi P2p dedicated IP, the IpServer just picks the IP address without
+        // requesting for it at RoutingCoordinatorManager.
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager, never())
+                .requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(), anyInt(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager, never()).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(cfg ->
+                IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName) && assertNotContainsFlag(cfg.flags, IF_STATE_UP)));
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
+        inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(IFACE_NAME),
+                any(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
+                mIpServer, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
+                eq(mIpServer), mLinkPropertiesCaptor.capture());
+        assertIPv4AddressAndDirectlyConnectedRoute(mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue());
+        assertEquals(List.of(new LinkAddress(LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS)),
+                mLinkPropertiesCaptor.getValue().getLinkAddresses());
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -533,15 +573,9 @@
         initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
 
         clearInvocations(
-                mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator, mBpfCoordinator, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+                mNetd, mCallback, mBpfCoordinator, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED);
-        InOrder inOrder =
-                inOrder(
-                        mNetd,
-                        mCallback,
-                        mAddressCoordinator,
-                        mBpfCoordinator,
-                        mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback, mBpfCoordinator, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
         inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager)
                 .removeInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
@@ -556,15 +590,14 @@
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
         inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(isAtLeastT() ? 2 : 1)).interfaceSetCfg(
                 argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
-        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).releaseDownstream(any());
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).releaseDownstream(any());
         inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadClientClear(mIpServer);
         inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
                 mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
                 eq(mIpServer), any(LinkProperties.class));
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(
-                mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator, mBpfCoordinator, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager, mBpfCoordinator);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -701,9 +734,10 @@
 
         final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
-        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(),
-                eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL), eq(true));
+        InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(),
+                eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager, never()).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE_NAME);
         // One for ipv4 route, one for ipv6 link local route.
         inOrder.verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(IFACE_NAME),
@@ -711,18 +745,18 @@
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
                 mIpServer, STATE_LOCAL_ONLY, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(eq(mIpServer), lpCaptor.capture());
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCallback, mRoutingCoordinatorManager);
 
         // Simulate the DHCP server receives DHCPDECLINE on MirrorLink and then signals
         // onNewPrefixRequest callback.
         final LinkAddress newAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.100.125/24");
-        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyInt(),
-                anyBoolean())).thenReturn(newAddress);
+        when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.requestDownstreamAddress(any())).thenReturn(newAddress);
         eventCallbacks.onNewPrefixRequest(new IpPrefix("192.168.42.0/24"));
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
 
-        inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).requestDownstreamAddress(any(),
-                eq(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL), eq(false));
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager, never())
+                .requestStickyDownstreamAddress(anyInt(), anyInt(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mRoutingCoordinatorManager).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherApplyDnsInterfaces();
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(eq(mIpServer), lpCaptor.capture());
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCallback);
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index 5d22977..dd10cc3 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -2032,7 +2032,7 @@
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
         initBpfCoordinatorForRule4(coordinator);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
-        assertEquals(0, mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
+        assertEquals(0, coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
 
         // Prepare add/delete rule events.
         final ArrayList<ConntrackEvent> addRuleEvents = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -2049,49 +2049,44 @@
         // Add rules, verify counter increases.
         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
             mConsumer.accept(addRuleEvents.get(i));
-            assertConsumerCountersEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? i + 1 : 0);
+            assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? i + 1 : 0,
+                    coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
         }
 
         // Add the same events again should not increase the counter because
         // all events are already exist.
         for (final ConntrackEvent event : addRuleEvents) {
             mConsumer.accept(event);
-            assertConsumerCountersEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 5 : 0);
+            assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 5 : 0,
+                    coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
         }
 
         // Verify removing non-existent items won't change the counters.
         for (int i = 5; i < 8; i++) {
             mConsumer.accept(new TestConntrackEvent.Builder().setMsgType(
                     IPCTNL_MSG_CT_DELETE).setProto(IPPROTO_TCP).setRemotePort(i).build());
-            assertConsumerCountersEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 5 : 0);
+            assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 5 : 0,
+                    coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
         }
 
         // Verify remove the rules decrease the counter.
         // Note the max counter returns the max, so it returns the count before deleting.
         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
             mConsumer.accept(delRuleEvents.get(i));
-            assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 4 - i : 0,
-                    mConsumer.getCurrentConnectionCount());
-            assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 5 - i : 0,
-                    mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionCount());
-            assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 5 - i : 0,
-                    mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
         }
+        // The maximum number of rules observed is still 5.
+        assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? 5 : 0,
+                coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
+        // After the reset, the maximum number of rules observed is 0.
+        assertEquals(0, coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
 
         // Verify remove these rules again doesn't decrease the counter.
         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
             mConsumer.accept(delRuleEvents.get(i));
-            assertConsumerCountersEquals(0);
+            assertEquals(0, coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
         }
     }
 
-    // Helper method to assert all counter values inside consumer.
-    private void assertConsumerCountersEquals(int expectedCount) {
-        assertEquals(expectedCount, mConsumer.getCurrentConnectionCount());
-        assertEquals(expectedCount, mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionCount());
-        assertEquals(expectedCount, mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
-    }
-
     @FeatureFlag(name = TETHER_ACTIVE_SESSIONS_METRICS)
     // BPF IPv4 forwarding only supports on S+.
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
@@ -2121,7 +2116,7 @@
         coordinator.tetherOffloadClientAdd(mIpServer, clientB);
         assertClientInfoExists(mIpServer, clientA);
         assertClientInfoExists(mIpServer, clientB);
-        assertEquals(0, mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
+        assertEquals(0, coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
 
         // Add some rules for both clients.
         final int addr1RuleCount = 5;
@@ -2145,31 +2140,24 @@
                     .build());
         }
 
-        assertConsumerCountersEquals(
-                supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr1RuleCount + addr2RuleCount : 0);
+        assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr1RuleCount + addr2RuleCount : 0,
+                coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
 
         // Remove 1 client. Since the 1st poll will return the LastMaxCounter and
-        // update it to the current, the max counter will be kept at 1st poll, while
-        // the current counter reflect the rule decreasing.
+        // update it to the current, the max counter will be kept at 1st poll.
         coordinator.tetherOffloadClientRemove(mIpServer, clientA);
+        assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr1RuleCount + addr2RuleCount : 0,
+                coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
+        // And the counter be updated at 2nd poll.
         assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr2RuleCount : 0,
-                mConsumer.getCurrentConnectionCount());
-        assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr1RuleCount + addr2RuleCount : 0,
-                mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionCount());
-        assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr1RuleCount + addr2RuleCount : 0,
-                mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
-        // And all counters be updated at 2nd poll.
-        assertConsumerCountersEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr2RuleCount : 0);
+                coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
 
         // Remove other client.
         coordinator.tetherOffloadClientRemove(mIpServer, clientB);
-        assertEquals(0, mConsumer.getCurrentConnectionCount());
         assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr2RuleCount : 0,
-                mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionCount());
-        assertEquals(supportActiveSessionsMetrics ? addr2RuleCount : 0,
-                mConsumer.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
-        // All counters reach zero at 2nd poll.
-        assertConsumerCountersEquals(0);
+                coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
+        // Verify the counter reach zero at 2nd poll.
+        assertEquals(0, coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
     }
 
     @FeatureFlag(name = TETHER_ACTIVE_SESSIONS_METRICS)
@@ -2191,7 +2179,7 @@
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
         initBpfCoordinatorForRule4(coordinator);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
-        assertConsumerCountersEquals(0);
+        assertEquals(0, coordinator.getLastMaxConnectionAndResetToCurrent());
 
         // Prepare the counter value.
         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
index c2e1617..16ebbbb 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
@@ -71,16 +71,19 @@
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
@@ -114,6 +117,7 @@
     @Mock private EntitlementManager
             .OnTetherProvisioningFailedListener mTetherProvisioningFailedListener;
     @Mock private AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
+    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
     @Mock private PendingIntent mAlarmIntent;
 
     @Rule
@@ -126,9 +130,10 @@
     private MockContext mMockContext;
     private Runnable mPermissionChangeCallback;
 
-    private WrappedEntitlementManager mEnMgr;
+    private EntitlementManager mEnMgr;
     private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
     private MockitoSession mMockingSession;
+    private TestDependencies mDeps;
 
     private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
         MockContext(Context base) {
@@ -143,19 +148,30 @@
         @Override
         public Object getSystemService(String name) {
             if (Context.ALARM_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mAlarmManager;
+            if (Context.USER_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mUserManager;
 
             return super.getSystemService(name);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getSystemServiceName(Class<?> serviceClass) {
+            if (UserManager.class.equals(serviceClass)) return Context.USER_SERVICE;
+            return super.getSystemServiceName(serviceClass);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Context createContextAsUser(UserHandle user, int flags) {
+            return mMockContext; // Return self for easier test injection.
+        }
     }
 
-    public class WrappedEntitlementManager extends EntitlementManager {
+    class TestDependencies extends EntitlementManager.Dependencies {
         public int fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
         public int uiProvisionCount = 0;
         public int silentProvisionCount = 0;
-
-        public WrappedEntitlementManager(Context ctx, Handler h, SharedLog log,
-                Runnable callback) {
-            super(ctx, h, log, callback);
+        TestDependencies(@NonNull Context context,
+                @NonNull SharedLog log) {
+            super(context, log);
         }
 
         public void reset() {
@@ -168,9 +184,12 @@
         protected Intent runUiTetherProvisioning(int type,
                 final TetheringConfiguration config, final ResultReceiver receiver) {
             Intent intent = super.runUiTetherProvisioning(type, config, receiver);
-            assertUiTetherProvisioningIntent(type, config, receiver, intent);
-            uiProvisionCount++;
-            receiver.send(fakeEntitlementResult, null);
+            if (intent != null) {
+                assertUiTetherProvisioningIntent(type, config, receiver, intent);
+                uiProvisionCount++;
+                // If the intent is null, the result is sent by the underlying method.
+                receiver.send(fakeEntitlementResult, null);
+            }
             return intent;
         }
 
@@ -195,7 +214,7 @@
             Intent intent = super.runSilentTetherProvisioning(type, config, receiver);
             assertSilentTetherProvisioning(type, config, intent);
             silentProvisionCount++;
-            addDownstreamMapping(type, fakeEntitlementResult);
+            mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(type, fakeEntitlementResult);
             return intent;
         }
 
@@ -217,6 +236,13 @@
             assertEquals(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, pkgName);
             return mAlarmIntent;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        int getCurrentUser() {
+            // The result is not used, just override to bypass the need of accessing
+            // the static method.
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
     @Before
@@ -253,11 +279,13 @@
                 false);
         when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable)).thenReturn("");
         when(mLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mLog);
+        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).isAdminUser();
 
         mMockContext = new MockContext(mContext);
+        mDeps = new TestDependencies(mMockContext, mLog);
         mPermissionChangeCallback = spy(() -> { });
-        mEnMgr = new WrappedEntitlementManager(mMockContext, new Handler(mLooper.getLooper()), mLog,
-                mPermissionChangeCallback);
+        mEnMgr = new EntitlementManager(mMockContext, new Handler(mLooper.getLooper()), mLog,
+                mPermissionChangeCallback, mDeps);
         mEnMgr.setOnTetherProvisioningFailedListener(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener);
         mConfig = new FakeTetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
         mEnMgr.setTetheringConfigurationFetcher(() -> {
@@ -320,102 +348,46 @@
     @Test
     public void testRequestLastEntitlementCacheValue() throws Exception {
         // 1. Entitlement check is not required.
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
-        ResultReceiver receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, true);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         // 2. No cache value and don't need to run entitlement check.
-        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, false);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
         // 3. No cache value and ui entitlement check is needed.
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
-        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, true);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
         // 4. Cache value is TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED and don't need to run entitlement
         // check.
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
-        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, false);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
         // 5. Cache value is TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED and ui entitlement check is needed.
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
-        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, true);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
         // 6. Cache value is TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR.
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
-        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, true);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
         // 7. Test get value for other downstream type.
-        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_USB, receiver, false);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_USB, TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, false);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
         // 8. Test get value for invalid downstream type.
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
-        receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, receiver, true);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN, true);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
     }
 
     private void assertPermissionChangeCallback(InOrder inOrder) {
@@ -431,7 +403,7 @@
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // Permitted: true -> false
@@ -443,7 +415,7 @@
         // Permitted: false -> false
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
 
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // Permitted: false -> true
@@ -456,21 +428,21 @@
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // Permitted: true -> false
         assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
 
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // Permitted: false -> false
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
 
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // Permitted: false -> false
@@ -483,14 +455,14 @@
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // Permitted: true -> true
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
         assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
 
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // Permitted: true -> true
@@ -519,89 +491,89 @@
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mPermissionChangeCallback);
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         // 1. start ui provisioning, upstream is mobile
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         // Permitted: true -> true
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
         assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         // 2. start no-ui provisioning
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         // Permitted: true -> true
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
         assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         // 3. tear down mobile, then start ui provisioning
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         // 4. switch upstream back to mobile
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         // Permitted: true -> true
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
         assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         // 5. tear down mobile, then switch SIM
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         mEnMgr.reevaluateSimCardProvisioning(mConfig);
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         // 6. switch upstream back to mobile again
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(3, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(3, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         // Permitted: true -> false
         assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         // 7. start ui provisioning, upstream is mobile, downstream is ethernet
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_ETHERNET, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         // Permitted: false -> true
         assertPermissionChangeCallback(inOrder);
         assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
 
         // 8. downstream is invalid
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.silentProvisionCount);
         assertNoPermissionChange(inOrder);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.reset();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -609,18 +581,74 @@
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener, times(0))
                 .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
         verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener, times(1))
                 .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testsetExemptedDownstreamType() throws Exception {
+    public void testUiProvisioningMultiUser() {
+        doTestUiProvisioningMultiUser(true, 1);
+        doTestUiProvisioningMultiUser(false, 1);
+    }
+
+    private static class TestableResultReceiver extends ResultReceiver {
+        private static final long DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L;
+        private final ArrayTrackRecord<Integer>.ReadHead mHistory =
+                new ArrayTrackRecord<Integer>().newReadHead();
+
+        TestableResultReceiver(Handler handler) {
+            super(handler);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+            mHistory.add(resultCode);
+        }
+
+        void expectResult(int resultCode) {
+            final int event = mHistory.poll(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, it -> true);
+            assertEquals(resultCode, event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void assertLatestEntitlementResult(int downstreamType, int expectedCode,
+            boolean showEntitlementUi) {
+        final TestableResultReceiver receiver = new TestableResultReceiver(null);
+        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(downstreamType, receiver, showEntitlementUi);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        receiver.expectResult(expectedCode);
+    }
+
+    private void doTestUiProvisioningMultiUser(boolean isAdminUser, int expectedUiProvisionCount) {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        doReturn(isAdminUser).when(mUserManager).isAdminUser();
+
+        mDeps.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertEquals(expectedUiProvisionCount, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        if (expectedUiProvisionCount == 0) { // Failed to launch entitlement UI.
+            assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_USB, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, false);
+            verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener).onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_USB,
+                    FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
+        } else {
+            assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_USB, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, false);
+            verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener, never()).onTetherProvisioningFailed(anyInt(),
+                    anyString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetExemptedDownstreamType() {
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         // Cellular upstream is not permitted when no entitlement result.
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
@@ -631,7 +659,7 @@
         assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
 
         // If second downstream run entitlement check fail, cellular upstream is not permitted.
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED;
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
@@ -639,7 +667,7 @@
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
 
         // When second downstream is down, exempted downstream can use cellular upstream.
-        assertEquals(1, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
+        assertEquals(1, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
         verify(mTetherProvisioningFailedListener).onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_USB,
                 FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
         mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB);
@@ -660,7 +688,7 @@
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
 
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
@@ -682,17 +710,10 @@
             throws Exception {
         setupCarrierConfig(false);
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
-        mEnMgr.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
-        ResultReceiver receiver = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-        mEnMgr.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
-        mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        assertEquals(0, mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount);
-        mEnMgr.reset();
+        mDeps.fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+        assertLatestEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED, false);
+        assertEquals(0, mDeps.uiProvisionCount);
+        mDeps.reset();
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/MockTetheringService.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/MockTetheringService.java
index 3c07580..7fcc5f1 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/MockTetheringService.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/MockTetheringService.java
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 public class MockTetheringService extends TetheringService {
     private final Tethering mTethering = mock(Tethering.class);
     private final ArrayMap<String, Integer> mMockedPermissions = new ArrayMap<>();
+    private final ArrayMap<String, Integer> mMockedPackageUids = new ArrayMap<>();
+    private int mMockCallingUid;
 
     @Override
     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
@@ -61,6 +63,17 @@
         return super.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    boolean checkPackageNameMatchesUid(@NonNull Context context, int uid,
+            @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+        return mMockedPackageUids.getOrDefault(callingPackage, 0) == uid;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    int getBinderCallingUid() {
+        return mMockCallingUid;
+    }
+
     public Tethering getTethering() {
         return mTethering;
     }
@@ -91,5 +104,19 @@
                 mMockedPermissions.put(permission, granted);
             }
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Mock a package name matching a uid.
+         */
+        public void setPackageNameUid(String packageName, int uid) {
+            mMockedPackageUids.put(packageName, uid);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Mock a package name matching a uid.
+         */
+        public void setCallingUid(int uid) {
+            mMockCallingUid = uid;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
index a5c06f3..c329142 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.ip.IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.PrivateAddressCoordinator.TETHER_FORCE_RANDOM_PREFIX_BASE_SELECTION;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -33,6 +35,9 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
@@ -46,10 +51,14 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.os.IBinder;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.IIpv4PrefixRequest;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
+
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -71,7 +80,7 @@
     @Mock private IpServer mWifiP2pIpServer;
     @Mock private Context mContext;
     @Mock private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityMgr;
-    @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+    @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator.Dependencies mDeps;
 
     private PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
     private final LinkAddress mBluetoothAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.44.1/24");
@@ -91,12 +100,26 @@
             new IpPrefix("172.16.0.0/12"),
             new IpPrefix("10.0.0.0/8")));
 
+    private void setUpIpServer(IpServer ipServer, int interfaceType) throws Exception {
+        when(ipServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(interfaceType);
+        final IIpv4PrefixRequest request = mock(IIpv4PrefixRequest.class);
+        when(ipServer.getIpv4PrefixRequest()).thenReturn(request);
+        when(request.asBinder()).thenReturn(mock(IBinder.class));
+        doAnswer(
+                        invocation -> {
+                            ipServer.sendMessage(CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(request)
+                .onIpv4PrefixConflict(any());
+    }
+
     private void setUpIpServers() throws Exception {
-        when(mUsbIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_USB);
-        when(mEthernetIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
-        when(mHotspotIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_WIFI);
-        when(mLocalHotspotIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_WIFI);
-        when(mWifiP2pIpServer.interfaceType()).thenReturn(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
+        setUpIpServer(mUsbIpServer, TETHERING_USB);
+        setUpIpServer(mEthernetIpServer, TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+        setUpIpServer(mHotspotIpServer, TETHERING_WIFI);
+        setUpIpServer(mLocalHotspotIpServer, TETHERING_WIFI);
+        setUpIpServer(mWifiP2pIpServer, TETHERING_WIFI_P2P);
     }
 
     @Before
@@ -106,25 +129,32 @@
         when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mConnectivityMgr);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class)).thenReturn(mConnectivityMgr);
         when(mConnectivityMgr.getAllNetworks()).thenReturn(mAllNetworks);
-        when(mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()).thenReturn(false);
-        when(mConfig.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
         setUpIpServers();
         mPrivateAddressCoordinator =
-                spy(
-                        new PrivateAddressCoordinator(
-                                mConnectivityMgr::getAllNetworks,
-                                mConfig.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled(),
-                                mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()));
+                spy(new PrivateAddressCoordinator(mConnectivityMgr::getAllNetworks, mDeps));
     }
 
-    private LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(final IpServer ipServer, int scope,
-            boolean useLastAddress) {
-        final LinkAddress address = mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(
-                ipServer, scope, useLastAddress);
+    private LinkAddress requestStickyDownstreamAddress(final IpServer ipServer, int scope)
+            throws Exception {
+        final LinkAddress address =
+                mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestStickyDownstreamAddress(
+                        ipServer.interfaceType(), scope, ipServer.getIpv4PrefixRequest());
         when(ipServer.getAddress()).thenReturn(address);
         return address;
     }
 
+    private LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(final IpServer ipServer) throws Exception {
+        final LinkAddress address =
+                mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(
+                        ipServer.getIpv4PrefixRequest());
+        when(ipServer.getAddress()).thenReturn(address);
+        return address;
+    }
+
+    private void releaseDownstream(final IpServer ipServer) {
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(ipServer.getIpv4PrefixRequest());
+    }
+
     private void updateUpstreamPrefix(UpstreamNetworkState ns) {
         mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(
                 ns.linkProperties, ns.networkCapabilities, ns.network);
@@ -133,25 +163,22 @@
     @Test
     public void testRequestDownstreamAddressWithoutUsingLastAddress() throws Exception {
         final IpPrefix bluetoothPrefix = asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress);
-        final LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer);
         final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(address);
         assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, bluetoothPrefix);
 
-        final LinkAddress newAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress newAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer);
         final IpPrefix newHotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(newAddress);
         assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, newHotspotPrefix);
         assertNotEquals(bluetoothPrefix, newHotspotPrefix);
 
-        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer);
         final IpPrefix usbPrefix = asIpPrefix(usbAddress);
         assertNotEquals(usbPrefix, bluetoothPrefix);
         assertNotEquals(usbPrefix, newHotspotPrefix);
 
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -159,50 +186,47 @@
         // - Test bluetooth prefix is reserved.
         when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
                 getSubAddress(mBluetoothAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
-        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer);
         final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(hotspotAddress);
         assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), hotspotPrefix);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
 
         // - Test previous enabled hotspot prefix(cached prefix) is reserved.
         when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
                 getSubAddress(hotspotAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
-        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer);
         final IpPrefix usbPrefix = asIpPrefix(usbAddress);
         assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), usbPrefix);
         assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, usbPrefix);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
 
         // - Test wifi p2p prefix is reserved.
         when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
                 getSubAddress(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
-        final LinkAddress etherAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mEthernetIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress etherAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mEthernetIpServer);
         final IpPrefix etherPrefix = asIpPrefix(etherAddress);
         assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress), etherPrefix);
         assertNotEquals(asIpPrefix(mBluetoothAddress), etherPrefix);
         assertNotEquals(hotspotPrefix, etherPrefix);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mEthernetIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mEthernetIpServer);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testRequestLastDownstreamAddress() throws Exception {
-        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress =
+                requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
 
-        final LinkAddress usbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress usbAddress =
+                requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
 
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mUsbIpServer);
 
-        final LinkAddress newHotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress newHotspotAddress =
+                requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         assertEquals(hotspotAddress, newHotspotAddress);
-        final LinkAddress newUsbAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress newUsbAddress =
+                requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mUsbIpServer, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         assertEquals(usbAddress, newUsbAddress);
 
         final UpstreamNetworkState wifiUpstream = buildUpstreamNetworkState(mWifiNetwork,
@@ -259,10 +283,11 @@
     }
 
     private void verifyNotifyConflictAndRelease(final IpServer ipServer) throws Exception {
-        verify(ipServer).sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(ipServer);
+        verify(ipServer).sendMessage(CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+        releaseDownstream(ipServer);
+        final int interfaceType = ipServer.interfaceType();
         reset(ipServer);
-        setUpIpServers();
+        setUpIpServer(ipServer, interfaceType);
     }
 
     private int getSubAddress(final byte... ipv4Address) {
@@ -273,40 +298,22 @@
     }
 
     private void assertReseveredWifiP2pPrefix() throws Exception {
-        LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
+        LinkAddress address =
+                requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(address);
         final IpPrefix legacyWifiP2pPrefix = asIpPrefix(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress);
         assertNotEquals(legacyWifiP2pPrefix, hotspotPrefix);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEnableLegacyWifiP2PAddress() throws Exception {
-        when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(
-                getSubAddress(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress.getAddress().getAddress()));
-        // No matter #shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp() is enabled or not, legacy wifi p2p prefix
-        // is resevered.
-        assertReseveredWifiP2pPrefix();
-
-        when(mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()).thenReturn(true);
-        assertReseveredWifiP2pPrefix();
-
-        // If #shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp() is enabled, wifi P2P gets the configured address.
-        LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mWifiP2pIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
-        assertEquals(mLegacyWifiP2pAddress, address);
-        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(mWifiP2pIpServer);
+        releaseDownstream(mHotspotIpServer);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testEnableSapAndLohsConcurrently() throws Exception {
-        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress hotspotAddress =
+                requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
         assertNotNull(hotspotAddress);
 
-        final LinkAddress localHotspotAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(mLocalHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL, true /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress localHotspotAddress =
+                requestStickyDownstreamAddress(mLocalHotspotIpServer, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL);
         assertNotNull(localHotspotAddress);
 
         final IpPrefix hotspotPrefix = asIpPrefix(hotspotAddress);
@@ -317,7 +324,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testStartedPrefixRange() throws Exception {
-        when(mConfig.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(TETHER_FORCE_RANDOM_PREFIX_BASE_SELECTION)).thenReturn(true);
 
         startedPrefixBaseTest("192.168.0.0/16", 0);
 
@@ -343,14 +350,9 @@
     private void startedPrefixBaseTest(final String expected, final int randomIntForPrefixBase)
             throws Exception {
         mPrivateAddressCoordinator =
-                spy(
-                        new PrivateAddressCoordinator(
-                                mConnectivityMgr::getAllNetworks,
-                                mConfig.isRandomPrefixBaseEnabled(),
-                                mConfig.shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp()));
+                spy(new PrivateAddressCoordinator(mConnectivityMgr::getAllNetworks, mDeps));
         when(mPrivateAddressCoordinator.getRandomInt()).thenReturn(randomIntForPrefixBase);
-        final LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer,
-                CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, false /* useLastAddress */);
+        final LinkAddress address = requestDownstreamAddress(mHotspotIpServer);
         final IpPrefix prefixBase = new IpPrefix(expected);
         assertTrue(address + " is not part of " + prefixBase,
                 prefixBase.containsPrefix(asIpPrefix(address)));
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
index b2cbf75..51ba140 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TestConnectivityManager.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ShimUtils.isAtLeastS;
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -119,12 +122,15 @@
                 && mLegacyTypeMap.isEmpty();
     }
 
-    boolean isListeningForAll() {
-        final NetworkCapabilities empty = new NetworkCapabilities();
-        empty.clearAll();
+    boolean isListeningForUpstream() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities upstreamNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        upstreamNc.clearAll();
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            upstreamNc.addForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+        }
 
         for (NetworkRequestInfo nri : mListening.values()) {
-            if (nri.request.networkCapabilities.equalRequestableCapabilities(empty)) {
+            if (nri.request.networkCapabilities.equalRequestableCapabilities(upstreamNc)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
index c0d7ad4..cc80251 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
@@ -33,12 +35,16 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
 import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.IIntResultListener;
@@ -79,7 +85,9 @@
 public final class TetheringServiceTest {
     private static final String TEST_IFACE_NAME = "test_wlan0";
     private static final String TEST_CALLER_PKG = "com.android.shell";
+    private static final int TEST_CALLER_UID = 1234;
     private static final String TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG = null;
+    private static final String TEST_WRONG_PACKAGE = "wrong.package";
     @Mock private ITetheringEventCallback mITetheringEventCallback;
     @Rule public ServiceTestRule mServiceTestRule;
     private Tethering mTethering;
@@ -87,6 +95,7 @@
     private MockTetheringConnector mMockConnector;
     private ITetheringConnector mTetheringConnector;
     private UiAutomation mUiAutomation;
+    @Mock private AppOpsManager mAppOps;
 
     private class TestTetheringResult extends IIntResultListener.Stub {
         private int mResult = -1; // Default value that does not match any result code.
@@ -128,6 +137,10 @@
         mTetheringConnector = ITetheringConnector.Stub.asInterface(mMockConnector.getIBinder());
         final MockTetheringService service = mMockConnector.getService();
         mTethering = service.getTethering();
+        mMockConnector.setCallingUid(TEST_CALLER_UID);
+        mMockConnector.setPackageNameUid(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_CALLER_UID);
+        doThrow(new SecurityException()).when(mAppOps).checkPackage(anyInt(),
+                eq(TEST_WRONG_PACKAGE));
     }
 
     @After
@@ -141,27 +154,43 @@
     }
 
     private void runAsNoPermission(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
-        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, new String[0]);
+        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, false /* isWriteSettingsAllowed */,
+                new String[0]);
     }
 
     private void runAsTetherPrivileged(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
-        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
+        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, false /* isWriteSettingsAllowed */,
+                TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
     }
 
     private void runAsAccessNetworkState(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
-        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
+        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, false /* isWriteSettingsAllowed */,
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE);
     }
 
     private void runAsWriteSettings(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
-        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, WRITE_SETTINGS);
+        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, false /* isWriteSettingsAllowed */,
+                WRITE_SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    private void runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed(
+            final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
+        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, true /* isWriteSettingsAllowed */,
+                WRITE_SETTINGS);
     }
 
     private void runAsTetheringDisallowed(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
-        runTetheringCall(test, false /* isTetheringAllowed */, TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
+        runTetheringCall(test, false /* isTetheringAllowed */, false /* isWriteSettingsAllowed */,
+                TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
+    }
+
+    private void runAsNetworkSettings(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
+        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, false /* isWriteSettingsAllowed */,
+                NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
     }
 
     private void runTetheringCall(final TestTetheringCall test, boolean isTetheringAllowed,
-            String... permissions) throws Exception {
+            boolean isWriteSettingsAllowed, String... permissions) throws Exception {
         // Allow the test to run even if ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE was granted at the APK level
         if (!CollectionUtils.contains(permissions, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)) {
             mMockConnector.setPermission(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, PERMISSION_DENIED);
@@ -171,6 +200,8 @@
         try {
             when(mTethering.isTetheringSupported()).thenReturn(true);
             when(mTethering.isTetheringAllowed()).thenReturn(isTetheringAllowed);
+            when(mTethering.isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled())
+                    .thenReturn(!isWriteSettingsAllowed);
             test.runTetheringCall(new TestTetheringResult());
         } finally {
             mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
@@ -196,7 +227,7 @@
         runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
             mTetheringConnector.tether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
                     result);
-            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -207,7 +238,16 @@
         });
 
         runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.tether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((result) -> {
             runTether(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -235,7 +275,7 @@
         runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
             mTetheringConnector.untether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
                     result);
-            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -246,7 +286,16 @@
         });
 
         runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.untether(TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((result) -> {
             runUnTether(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -280,7 +329,7 @@
         runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
             mTetheringConnector.setUsbTethering(true /* enable */, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                     TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
-            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -291,7 +340,16 @@
         });
 
         runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.setUsbTethering(true /* enable */, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+                    TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((result) -> {
             runSetUsbTethering(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -324,7 +382,16 @@
         runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
             mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
                     result);
-            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_WRONG_PACKAGE,
+                    TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+            verify(mTethering, never()).startTethering(
+                    eq(new TetheringRequest(request)), eq(TEST_WRONG_PACKAGE), eq(result));
             result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -335,7 +402,16 @@
         });
 
         runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((result) -> {
             runStartTethering(result, request);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -350,6 +426,32 @@
         });
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testStartTetheringWithInterfaceSucceeds() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
+        request.interfaceName = "avf_tap_fixed";
+
+        runAsNetworkSettings((result) -> {
+            runStartTethering(result, request);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartTetheringNoNetworkStackPermissionWithInterfaceFails() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
+        request.interfaceName = "avf_tap_fixed";
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
     private void runStartTetheringAndVerifyNoPermission(final TestTetheringResult result)
             throws Exception {
         final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
@@ -394,7 +496,7 @@
         runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
             mTetheringConnector.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
                     TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
-            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -405,7 +507,16 @@
         });
 
         runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI, TEST_CALLER_PKG,
+                    TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((result) -> {
             runStopTethering(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -434,30 +545,47 @@
     public void testRequestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() throws Exception {
         // Run as no permission.
         final MyResultReceiver result = new MyResultReceiver(null);
-        mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, result,
-                true /* showEntitlementUi */, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
-        verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
-        result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mTethering);
+        runAsNoPermission((none) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, result,
+                    true /* showEntitlementUi */, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
 
         runAsTetherPrivileged((none) -> {
             runRequestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
 
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((none) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, result,
+                    true /* showEntitlementUi */, TEST_WRONG_PACKAGE, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
         runAsWriteSettings((none) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, result,
+                    true /* showEntitlementUi */, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((none) -> {
             runRequestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
 
         runAsTetheringDisallowed((none) -> {
-            final MyResultReceiver receiver = new MyResultReceiver(null);
-            mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver,
+            mTetheringConnector.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, result,
                     true /* showEntitlementUi */, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
             verify(mTethering).isTetheringSupported();
             verify(mTethering).isTetheringAllowed();
-            receiver.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
     }
@@ -541,7 +669,7 @@
     public void testStopAllTethering() throws Exception {
         runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
             mTetheringConnector.stopAllTethering(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
-            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -552,7 +680,15 @@
         });
 
         runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.stopAllTethering(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG, result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((result) -> {
             runStopAllTethering(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -578,7 +714,7 @@
         runAsNoPermission((result) -> {
             mTetheringConnector.isTetheringSupported(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
                     result);
-            verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
@@ -589,7 +725,16 @@
         });
 
         runAsWriteSettings((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.isTetheringSupported(TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+
+        runAsWriteSettingsWhenWriteSettingsAllowed((result) -> {
             runIsTetheringSupported(result);
+            verify(mTethering).isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled();
             verify(mTethering).isTetherProvisioningRequired();
             verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
         });
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 9a4945e..97758cf 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_CONFIGURED;
 import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_CONNECTED;
 import static android.hardware.usb.UsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_NCM;
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR;
@@ -96,6 +101,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeast;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
@@ -163,6 +169,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.SoftApCallback;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiSsid;
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pGroup;
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pInfo;
 import android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager;
@@ -189,9 +196,12 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
 import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
+import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorService;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.BluetoothPanShim;
@@ -220,6 +230,7 @@
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -245,6 +256,7 @@
     private static final String TEST_P2P_IFNAME = "test_p2p-p2p0-0";
     private static final String TEST_NCM_IFNAME = "test_ncm0";
     private static final String TEST_ETH_IFNAME = "test_eth0";
+    private static final String TEST_VIRT_IFNAME = "test_virt0";
     private static final String TEST_BT_IFNAME = "test_pan0";
     private static final String TETHERING_NAME = "Tethering";
     private static final String[] PROVISIONING_APP_NAME = {"some", "app"};
@@ -254,8 +266,10 @@
     private static final String TEST_WIFI_REGEX = "test_wlan\\d";
     private static final String TEST_P2P_REGEX = "test_p2p-p2p\\d-.*";
     private static final String TEST_BT_REGEX = "test_pan\\d";
+    private static final int TEST_CALLER_UID = 1000;
+    private static final int TEST_CALLER_UID_2 = 2000;
     private static final String TEST_CALLER_PKG = "com.test.tethering";
-
+    private static final String TEST_CALLER_PKG_2 = "com.test.tethering2";
     private static final int CELLULAR_NETID = 100;
     private static final int WIFI_NETID = 101;
     private static final int DUN_NETID = 102;
@@ -292,7 +306,7 @@
     @Mock private BluetoothPanShim mBluetoothPanShim;
     @Mock private TetheredInterfaceRequestShim mTetheredInterfaceRequestShim;
     @Mock private TetheringMetrics mTetheringMetrics;
-    @Mock private RoutingCoordinatorManager mRoutingCoordinatorManager;
+    @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator.Dependencies mPrivateAddressCoordinatorDependencies;
 
     private final MockIpServerDependencies mIpServerDependencies =
             spy(new MockIpServerDependencies());
@@ -316,15 +330,16 @@
     private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
     private EntitlementManager mEntitleMgr;
     private OffloadController mOffloadCtrl;
-    private PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
     private SoftApCallback mSoftApCallback;
     private SoftApCallback mLocalOnlyHotspotCallback;
     private UpstreamNetworkMonitor mUpstreamNetworkMonitor;
     private UpstreamNetworkMonitor.EventListener mEventListener;
     private TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim mTetheredInterfaceCallbackShim;
+    private RoutingCoordinatorManager mRoutingCoordinatorManager;
 
     private TestConnectivityManager mCm;
     private boolean mForceEthernetServiceUnavailable = false;
+    private int mBinderCallingUid = TEST_CALLER_UID;
 
     private class TestContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
         TestContext(Context base) {
@@ -405,11 +420,12 @@
                             || ifName.equals(TEST_P2P_IFNAME)
                             || ifName.equals(TEST_NCM_IFNAME)
                             || ifName.equals(TEST_ETH_IFNAME)
-                            || ifName.equals(TEST_BT_IFNAME));
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_BT_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_VIRT_IFNAME));
             final String[] ifaces = new String[] {
                     TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN2_IFNAME, TEST_WIFI_IFNAME,
                     TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME, TEST_DUN_IFNAME, TEST_P2P_IFNAME, TEST_NCM_IFNAME,
-                    TEST_ETH_IFNAME};
+                    TEST_ETH_IFNAME, TEST_VIRT_IFNAME};
             return new InterfaceParams(ifName,
                     CollectionUtils.indexOf(ifaces, ifName) + IFINDEX_OFFSET,
                     MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);
@@ -487,8 +503,16 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public RoutingCoordinatorManager getRoutingCoordinator(final Context context,
-                SharedLog log) {
+        public RoutingCoordinatorManager getRoutingCoordinator(
+                final Context context, SharedLog log) {
+            ConnectivityManager cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+            when(mPrivateAddressCoordinatorDependencies.isFeatureEnabled(anyString()))
+                    .thenReturn(false);
+            RoutingCoordinatorService service = new RoutingCoordinatorService(
+                    getINetd(context, log),
+                            cm::getAllNetworks,
+                            mPrivateAddressCoordinatorDependencies);
+            mRoutingCoordinatorManager = spy(new RoutingCoordinatorManager(context, service));
             return mRoutingCoordinatorManager;
         }
 
@@ -535,13 +559,6 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public PrivateAddressCoordinator makePrivateAddressCoordinator(Context ctx,
-                TetheringConfiguration cfg) {
-            mPrivateAddressCoordinator = super.makePrivateAddressCoordinator(ctx, cfg);
-            return mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
-        }
-
-        @Override
         public BluetoothPanShim makeBluetoothPanShim(BluetoothPan pan) {
             try {
                 when(mBluetoothPanShim.requestTetheredInterface(
@@ -551,6 +568,11 @@
             }
             return mBluetoothPanShim;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getBinderCallingUid() {
+            return mBinderCallingUid;
+        }
     }
 
     private static LinkProperties buildUpstreamLinkProperties(String interfaceName,
@@ -656,7 +678,8 @@
         when(mNetd.interfaceGetList())
                 .thenReturn(new String[] {
                         TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN2_IFNAME, TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME,
-                        TEST_P2P_IFNAME, TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_ETH_IFNAME, TEST_BT_IFNAME});
+                        TEST_P2P_IFNAME, TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_ETH_IFNAME, TEST_BT_IFNAME,
+                        TEST_VIRT_IFNAME});
         when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable)).thenReturn("");
         mInterfaceConfiguration = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
         mInterfaceConfiguration.flags = new String[0];
@@ -681,6 +704,7 @@
                 new IntentFilter(ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED));
 
         mCm = spy(new TestConnectivityManager(mServiceContext, mock(IConnectivityManager.class)));
+        when(mCm.getAllNetworks()).thenReturn(new Network[] {});
 
         when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI)).thenReturn(true);
         when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT)).thenReturn(true);
@@ -746,12 +770,12 @@
     }
 
     private TetheringRequest createTetheringRequest(final int type) {
-        return createTetheringRequest(type, null, null, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        return createTetheringRequest(type, null, null, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null);
     }
 
     private TetheringRequest createTetheringRequest(final int type,
             final LinkAddress localIPv4Address, final LinkAddress staticClientAddress,
-            final boolean exempt, final int scope) {
+            final boolean exempt, final int scope, final String interfaceName) {
         TetheringRequest.Builder builder = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(exempt)
                 .setConnectivityScope(scope)
@@ -759,7 +783,13 @@
         if (localIPv4Address != null && staticClientAddress != null) {
             builder.setStaticIpv4Addresses(localIPv4Address, staticClientAddress);
         }
-        return builder.build();
+        if (interfaceName != null) {
+            builder.setInterfaceName(interfaceName);
+        }
+        TetheringRequest request = builder.build();
+        request.setUid(TEST_CALLER_UID);
+        request.setPackageName(TEST_CALLER_PKG);
+        return request;
     }
 
     @NonNull
@@ -864,6 +894,9 @@
             assertTrue(TestConnectivityManager.looksLikeDefaultRequest(reqCaptor.getValue()));
         }
 
+        // Ignore calls to {@link ConnectivityManager#getallNetworks}.
+        verify(mCm, atLeast(0)).getAllNetworks();
+
         // The default network request is only ever filed once.
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mCm);
     }
@@ -1003,7 +1036,7 @@
         verify(mWifiManager).updateInterfaceIpState(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, expectedState);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mWifiManager);
 
-        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         if (isLocalOnly) {
             // There are 2 IpServer state change events: STATE_AVAILABLE -> STATE_LOCAL_ONLY.
             verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(2)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
@@ -1231,7 +1264,7 @@
         // Start USB tethering with no current upstream.
         prepareUsbTethering();
         sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
-        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
 
         // Pretend cellular connected and expect the upstream to be set.
@@ -1830,7 +1863,7 @@
         // Start USB tethering with no current upstream.
         prepareUsbTethering();
         sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
-        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         inOrder.verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).setTryCell(true);
         ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCallback> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCallback.class);
         inOrder.verify(mCm).requestNetwork(any(), eq(0), eq(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN), any(),
@@ -2327,7 +2360,7 @@
         // 2. Enable wifi tethering.
         UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
         initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
-        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(any(SoftApConfiguration.class))).thenReturn(true);
+        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(null)).thenReturn(true);
         mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         tetherState = callback.pollTetherStatesChanged();
@@ -2372,6 +2405,105 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testSoftApConfigInTetheringEventCallback() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
+        when(mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS))
+                .thenReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        when(mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_STACK))
+                .thenReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        when(mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK))
+                .thenReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        initTetheringOnTestThread();
+        TestTetheringEventCallback callback = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        TestTetheringEventCallback differentCallback = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        TestTetheringEventCallback settingsCallback = new TestTetheringEventCallback();
+        SoftApConfiguration softApConfig = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder().setWifiSsid(
+                WifiSsid.fromBytes("SoftApConfig".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))).build();
+        final TetheringRequest tetheringRequest = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+                .setSoftApConfiguration(softApConfig).build();
+        tetheringRequest.setUid(TEST_CALLER_UID);
+        final TetheringInterface wifiIfaceWithoutConfig = new TetheringInterface(
+                TETHERING_WIFI, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, null);
+        final TetheringInterface wifiIfaceWithConfig = new TetheringInterface(
+                TETHERING_WIFI, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, softApConfig);
+
+        // Register callback before running any tethering.
+        mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        callback.expectTetheredClientChanged(Collections.emptyList());
+        callback.expectUpstreamChanged(NULL_NETWORK);
+        callback.expectConfigurationChanged(
+                mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().toStableParcelable());
+        // Register callback with different UID
+        mBinderCallingUid = TEST_CALLER_UID + 1;
+        mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(differentCallback);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        differentCallback.expectTetheredClientChanged(Collections.emptyList());
+        differentCallback.expectUpstreamChanged(NULL_NETWORK);
+        differentCallback.expectConfigurationChanged(
+                mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().toStableParcelable());
+        // Register Settings callback
+        when(mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS))
+                .thenReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mTethering.registerTetheringEventCallback(settingsCallback);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        settingsCallback.expectTetheredClientChanged(Collections.emptyList());
+        settingsCallback.expectUpstreamChanged(NULL_NETWORK);
+        settingsCallback.expectConfigurationChanged(
+                mTethering.getTetheringConfiguration().toStableParcelable());
+
+        assertTetherStatesNotNullButEmpty(callback.pollTetherStatesChanged());
+        assertTetherStatesNotNullButEmpty(differentCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged());
+        assertTetherStatesNotNullButEmpty(settingsCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged());
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+        UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
+        initTetheringUpstream(upstreamState);
+        when(mWifiManager.startTetheredHotspot(null)).thenReturn(true);
+        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
+                callback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
+                differentCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
+                settingsCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
+
+        // Enable wifi tethering
+        mBinderCallingUid = TEST_CALLER_UID;
+        mTethering.startTethering(tetheringRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithConfig},
+                callback.pollTetherStatesChanged().tetheredList);
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
+                differentCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().tetheredList);
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithConfig},
+                settingsCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().tetheredList);
+        callback.expectUpstreamChanged(upstreamState.network);
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED);
+
+        // Disable wifi tethering
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED);
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            // After T, tethering doesn't support WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED with null interface name.
+            callback.assertNoStateChangeCallback();
+            sendWifiApStateChanged(WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME,
+                    IFACE_IP_MODE_TETHERED);
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithConfig},
+                callback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithoutConfig},
+                differentCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
+        assertArrayEquals(new TetheringInterface[] {wifiIfaceWithConfig},
+                settingsCallback.pollTetherStatesChanged().availableList);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        callback.expectUpstreamChanged(NULL_NETWORK);
+        callback.expectOffloadStatusChanged(TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testReportFailCallbackIfOffloadNotSupported() throws Exception {
         initTetheringOnTestThread();
         final UpstreamNetworkState upstreamState = buildMobileDualStackUpstreamState();
@@ -2459,7 +2591,7 @@
         verify(mNetd, times(1)).tetherStartWithConfiguration(any());
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
         verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY);
-        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, times(1)).startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         // There are 2 IpServer state change events: STATE_AVAILABLE -> STATE_LOCAL_ONLY
         verify(mNotificationUpdater, times(2)).onDownstreamChanged(DOWNSTREAM_NONE);
 
@@ -2658,10 +2790,21 @@
         verify(mUsbManager, never()).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
         reset(mUsbManager);
 
+        // Enable USB tethering again with the same request but different uid/package and expect no
+        // change to USB.
+        TetheringRequest differentUidPackage = createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB);
+        differentUidPackage.setUid(TEST_CALLER_UID_2);
+        differentUidPackage.setPackageName(TEST_CALLER_PKG_2);
+        mTethering.startTethering(differentUidPackage, TEST_CALLER_PKG_2, secondResult);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        secondResult.assertHasResult();
+        verify(mUsbManager, never()).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
+        reset(mUsbManager);
+
         // Enable USB tethering with a different request and expect that USB is stopped and
         // started.
         mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB,
-                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
+                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null),
                   TEST_CALLER_PKG, thirdResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         thirdResult.assertHasResult();
@@ -2692,7 +2835,7 @@
         final ArgumentCaptor<DhcpServingParamsParcel> dhcpParamsCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DhcpServingParamsParcel.class);
         mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB,
-                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
+                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null),
                   TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
@@ -2821,7 +2964,7 @@
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         final TetheringRequest wifiNotExemptRequest =
                 createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, false,
-                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null);
         mTethering.startTethering(wifiNotExemptRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mEntitleMgr).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
@@ -2835,7 +2978,7 @@
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         final TetheringRequest wifiExemptRequest =
                 createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, true,
-                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null);
         mTethering.startTethering(wifiExemptRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mEntitleMgr, never()).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
@@ -3629,7 +3772,7 @@
         verifyInterfaceServingModeStarted(TEST_P2P_IFNAME);
         verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER);
         verifyTetheringBroadcast(TEST_P2P_IFNAME, EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY);
-        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveAllNetworks();
+        verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor).startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         // Verify never enable upstream if only P2P active.
         verify(mUpstreamNetworkMonitor, never()).setTryCell(true);
         assertEquals(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, mTethering.getLastErrorForTest(TEST_P2P_IFNAME));
@@ -3658,4 +3801,18 @@
 
     // TODO: Test that a request for hotspot mode doesn't interfere with an
     // already operating tethering mode interface.
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVirtualTetheringWithInterfaceName() throws Exception {
+        initTetheringOnTestThread();
+        final TetheringRequest virtualTetheringRequest =
+                createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_VIRTUAL, null, null, false,
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, TEST_VIRT_IFNAME);
+        assertEquals(TEST_VIRT_IFNAME, virtualTetheringRequest.getInterfaceName());
+        mTethering.startTethering(virtualTetheringRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_VIRT_IFNAME);
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_VIRTUAL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
index 90fd709..f192492 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@
         assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
 
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         assertEquals(1, mCM.mTrackingDefault.size());
 
         mUNM.stop();
@@ -149,13 +148,13 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testListensForAllNetworks() throws Exception {
+    public void testListensForUpstreamNetworks() throws Exception {
         assertTrue(mCM.mListening.isEmpty());
 
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         assertFalse(mCM.mListening.isEmpty());
-        assertTrue(mCM.isListeningForAll());
+        assertTrue(mCM.isListeningForUpstream());
 
         mUNM.stop();
         assertTrue(mCM.onlyHasDefaultCallbacks());
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@
             assertTrue(TestConnectivityManager.looksLikeDefaultRequest(requestCaptor.getValue()));
         }
 
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         verify(mCM, times(1)).registerNetworkCallback(
                 any(NetworkRequest.class), any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
 
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@
         assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
         assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
 
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
         assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
 
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@
         assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
         assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
 
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         verify(mCM, times(1)).registerNetworkCallback(
                 any(NetworkRequest.class), any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
         assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@
         assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
         assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
 
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         assertFalse(mUNM.mobileNetworkRequested());
         assertEquals(0, mCM.mRequested.size());
 
@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testUpdateMobileRequiresDun() throws Exception {
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
 
         // Test going from no-DUN to DUN correctly re-registers callbacks.
         mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(false /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
@@ -301,7 +300,7 @@
         preferredTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI);
 
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         // There are no networks, so there is nothing to select.
         assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
 
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testGetCurrentPreferredUpstream() throws Exception {
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(true /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
         mUNM.setTryCell(true);
 
@@ -446,7 +445,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testLocalPrefixes() throws Exception {
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
 
         // [0] Test minimum set of local prefixes.
         Set<IpPrefix> local = mUNM.getLocalPrefixes();
@@ -558,7 +557,7 @@
         preferredTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
         preferredTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI);
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         // Setup wifi and make wifi as default network.
         final TestNetworkAgent wifiAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, WIFI_CAPABILITIES);
         wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
@@ -579,7 +578,7 @@
         final String ipv6Addr1 = "2001:db8:4:fd00:827a:bfff:fe6f:374d/64";
         final String ipv6Addr2 = "2003:aa8:3::123/64";
         mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mEntitleMgr);
-        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        mUNM.startObserveUpstreamNetworks();
         mUNM.setUpstreamConfig(true /* autoUpstream */, false /* dunRequired */);
         mUNM.setTryCell(true);
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java
index 34689bc..6b646ec 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java
@@ -87,13 +87,13 @@
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics.DataUsage;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics.Dependencies;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
 public final class TetheringMetricsTest {
     @Rule public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@
         mThread = new HandlerThread("TetheringMetricsTest");
         mThread.start();
         mHandler = new Handler(mThread.getLooper());
-        doReturn(mHandler).when(mDeps).createHandler(any());
+        doReturn(mHandler).when(mDeps).createHandler();
         // Set up the usage for upstream types.
         mMockUpstreamUsageBaseline.put(UT_CELLULAR, new DataUsage(100L, 200L));
         mMockUpstreamUsageBaseline.put(UT_WIFI, new DataUsage(400L, 800L));
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@
     private void verifyEmptyUsageForAllUpstreamTypes() {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             for (UpstreamType type : UpstreamType.values()) {
-                assertEquals(EMPTY, mTetheringMetrics.getDataUsageFromUpstreamType(type));
+                assertEquals(EMPTY, mTetheringMetrics.getLastReportedUsageFromUpstreamType(type));
             }
         });
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
@@ -555,7 +556,8 @@
 
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             for (UpstreamType type : UpstreamType.values()) {
-                final DataUsage dataUsage = mTetheringMetrics.getDataUsageFromUpstreamType(type);
+                final DataUsage dataUsage =
+                        mTetheringMetrics.getLastReportedUsageFromUpstreamType(type);
                 if (TetheringMetrics.isUsageSupportedForUpstreamType(type)) {
                     assertEquals(mMockUpstreamUsageBaseline.get(type), dataUsage);
                 } else {
@@ -610,12 +612,21 @@
         incrementCurrentTime(cellDuration);
         updateUpstreamDataUsage(UT_CELLULAR, cellUsageDiff);
 
+        // Change the upstream back to Wi-FI and update the data usage
+        runAndWaitForIdle(() ->
+                mTetheringMetrics.maybeUpdateUpstreamType(buildUpstreamState(TRANSPORT_WIFI)));
+        final long wifiDuration2 = 50 * SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
+        final long wifiUsageDiff2 = 1000L;
+        incrementCurrentTime(wifiDuration2);
+        updateUpstreamDataUsage(UT_WIFI, wifiUsageDiff2);
+
         // Stop tethering and verify that the data usage is uploaded.
         updateErrorAndSendReport(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         UpstreamEvents.Builder upstreamEvents = UpstreamEvents.newBuilder();
         addUpstreamEvent(upstreamEvents, UT_WIFI, wifiDuration, wifiUsageDiff, wifiUsageDiff);
         addUpstreamEvent(upstreamEvents, UT_BLUETOOTH, bluetoothDuration, btUsageDiff, btUsageDiff);
         addUpstreamEvent(upstreamEvents, UT_CELLULAR, cellDuration, cellUsageDiff, cellUsageDiff);
+        addUpstreamEvent(upstreamEvents, UT_WIFI, wifiDuration2, wifiUsageDiff2, wifiUsageDiff2);
         verifyReport(DownstreamType.DS_TETHERING_WIFI, ErrorCode.EC_NO_ERROR,
                 UserType.USER_SETTINGS, upstreamEvents,
                 currentTimeMillis() - wifiTetheringStartTime);
diff --git a/bpf/headers/BpfMapTest.cpp b/bpf/headers/BpfMapTest.cpp
index 862114d..33b88fa 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/BpfMapTest.cpp
+++ b/bpf/headers/BpfMapTest.cpp
@@ -250,5 +250,10 @@
     expectMapEmpty(testMap);
 }
 
+TEST_F(BpfMapTest, testGTSbitmapTestOpen) {
+    BpfMap<int, uint64_t> bitmap;
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(bitmap.init("/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_test_bitmap"));
+}
+
 }  // namespace bpf
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h
index 81be37d..e6cef89 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfClassic.h
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@
 #define BPF_LOAD_SKB_PROTOCOL \
 	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_H | BPF_ABS, (__u32)SKF_AD_OFF + SKF_AD_PROTOCOL)
 
+// loads skb->pkt_type (0..7: see uapi/linux/if_packet.h PACKET_* constants)
+#define BPF_LOAD_SKB_PKTTYPE \
+	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_B | BPF_ABS, (__u32)SKF_AD_OFF + SKF_AD_PKTTYPE)
+
 // 8-bit load relative to start of link layer (mac/ethernet) header.
 #define BPF_LOAD_MAC_RELATIVE_U8(ofs) \
 	BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_B | BPF_ABS, (__u32)SKF_LL_OFF + (ofs))
@@ -160,6 +164,9 @@
 #define BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_ICMP_TYPE BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_L4_U8(0)
 #define BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_ICMP_CODE BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_L4_U8(1)
 
+// IGMP start with u8 type
+#define BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_IGMP_TYPE BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_L4_U8(0)
+
 // IPv6 extension headers (HOPOPTS, DSTOPS, FRAG) begin with a u8 nexthdr
 #define BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_V6EXTHDR_NEXTHDR BPF_LOAD_NETX_RELATIVE_L4_U8(0)
 
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
index 4bcd259..5fe4ef7 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@
   // 32-bit kernel will just ignore the high-order bits.
   std::atomic_uint64_t* mConsumerPos = nullptr;
   std::atomic_uint32_t* mProducerPos = nullptr;
+  std::atomic_uint32_t* mLength = nullptr;
 
   // In order to guarantee atomic access in a 32 bit userspace environment, atomic_uint64_t is used
   // in addition to std::atomic<T>::is_always_lock_free that guarantees that read / write operations
@@ -247,7 +248,8 @@
     //   u32 len;
     //   u32 pg_off;
     // };
-    uint32_t length = *reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t*>(start_ptr);
+    mLength = reinterpret_cast<decltype(mLength)>(start_ptr);
+    uint32_t length = mLength->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
 
     // If the sample isn't committed, we're caught up with the producer.
     if (length & BPF_RINGBUF_BUSY_BIT) return count;
diff --git a/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h b/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h
index ac5ffda..b994a9f 100644
--- a/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h
+++ b/bpf/headers/include/bpf_helpers.h
@@ -403,6 +403,8 @@
 static unsigned long long (*bpf_get_smp_processor_id)(void) = (void*) BPF_FUNC_get_smp_processor_id;
 static long (*bpf_get_stackid)(void* ctx, void* map, uint64_t flags) = (void*) BPF_FUNC_get_stackid;
 static long (*bpf_get_current_comm)(void* buf, uint32_t buf_size) = (void*) BPF_FUNC_get_current_comm;
+// bpf_sk_fullsock requires 5.1+ kernel
+static struct bpf_sock* (*bpf_sk_fullsock)(struct bpf_sock* sk) = (void*) BPF_FUNC_sk_fullsock;
 
 // GPL only:
 static int (*bpf_trace_printk)(const char* fmt, int fmt_size, ...) = (void*) BPF_FUNC_trace_printk;
diff --git a/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index 9a049c7..ce144a7 100644
--- a/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -1288,6 +1288,8 @@
 
 #define APEX_MOUNT_POINT "/apex/com.android.tethering"
 const char * const platformBpfLoader = "/system/bin/bpfloader";
+const char *const uprobestatsBpfLoader =
+    "/apex/com.android.uprobestats/bin/uprobestatsbpfload";
 
 static int logTetheringApexVersion(void) {
     char * found_blockdev = NULL;
@@ -1512,6 +1514,7 @@
         REQUIRE(5, 15, 136)
         REQUIRE(6, 1, 57)
         REQUIRE(6, 6, 0)
+        REQUIRE(6, 12, 0)
 
 #undef REQUIRE
 
@@ -1542,15 +1545,14 @@
      *
      * Additionally the 32-bit kernel jit support is poor,
      * and 32-bit userspace on 64-bit kernel bpf ringbuffer compatibility is broken.
+     * Note, however, that TV and Wear devices will continue to support 32-bit userspace
+     * on ARM64.
      */
     if (isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) {
         // Stuff won't work reliably, but...
-        if (isTV()) {
-            // exempt TVs... they don't really need functional advanced networking
-            ALOGW("[TV] 32-bit userspace unsupported on 6.2+ kernels.");
-        } else if (isWear() && isArm()) {
-            // exempt Arm Wear devices (arm32 ABI is far less problematic than x86-32)
-            ALOGW("[Arm Wear] 32-bit userspace unsupported on 6.2+ kernels.");
+        if (isArm() && (isTV() || isWear())) {
+            // exempt Arm TV or Wear devices (arm32 ABI is far less problematic than x86-32)
+            ALOGW("[Arm TV/Wear] 32-bit userspace unsupported on 6.2+ kernels.");
         } else if (first_api_level <= __ANDROID_API_T__ && isArm()) {
             // also exempt Arm devices upgrading with major kernel rev from T-
             // might possibly be better for them to run with a newer kernel...
@@ -1564,8 +1566,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // Note: 6.6 is highest version supported by Android V (sdk=35), so this is for sdk=36+
-    if (isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 7, 0)) {
+    // On handheld, 6.6 is highest version supported by Android V (sdk=35), so this is for sdk=36+
+    if (!isArm() && isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 7, 0)) {
         ALOGE("64-bit userspace required on 6.7+ kernels.");
         return 1;
     }
@@ -1657,7 +1659,16 @@
     }
 
     // unreachable before U QPR3
-    ALOGI("done, transferring control to platform bpfloader.");
+    if (exists(uprobestatsBpfLoader)) {
+      ALOGI("done, transferring control to uprobestatsbpfload.");
+      const char *args[] = {
+          uprobestatsBpfLoader,
+          NULL,
+      };
+      execve(args[0], (char **)args, envp);
+      ALOGI("unable to execute uprobestatsbpfload, transferring control to "
+            "platform bpfloader.");
+    }
 
     // platform BpfLoader *needs* to run as root
     const char * args[] = { platformBpfLoader, NULL, };
diff --git a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/README.txt b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/README.txt
index 42e1fc2..2b22326 100644
--- a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/README.txt
+++ b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/README.txt
@@ -1,20 +1,42 @@
 This directory contains comment stripped versions of
   //system/bpf/bpfloader/bpfloader.rc
-from previous versions of Android.
+or
+  //packages/modules/Connectivity/bpf/loader/netbpfload.rc
+(as appropriate) from previous versions of Android.
 
 Generated via:
-  (cd ../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android11-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk30-11-R.rc
-  (cd ../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android12-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk31-12-S.rc
-  (cd ../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android13-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk33-13-T.rc
-  (cd ../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android14-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk34-14-U.rc
-  (cd ../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/main:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc;              ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2.rc
+  (cd ../../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android11-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk30-11-R.rc
+  (cd ../../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android12-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk31-12-S.rc
+  (cd ../../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android13-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk33-13-T.rc
+  (cd ../../../../../../system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android14-release:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk34-14-U.rc
+  git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android14-qpr2-release:netbpfload/netbpfload.rc | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2-24Q1.rc
+  git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android14-qpr3-release:netbpfload/netbpfload.rc | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR3-24Q2.rc
+  git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/android15-release:netbpfload/netbpfload.rc      | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk35-15-V-24Q3.rc
+  git cat-file -p remotes/aosp/main:bpf/loader/netbpfload.rc                   | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk35-15-V-QPR1-24Q4.rc
+
+see also:
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bpf/+/refs/heads/android11-release/bpfloader/bpfloader.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bpf/+/refs/heads/android12-release/bpfloader/bpfloader.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bpf/+/refs/heads/android13-release/bpfloader/bpfloader.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bpf/+/refs/heads/android14-release/bpfloader/bpfloader.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bpf/+/refs/heads/android14-qpr1-release/bpfloader/bpfloader.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bpf/+/refs/heads/android14-qpr2-release/bpfloader/ (rc file is gone in QPR2)
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/android14-qpr2-release/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/android14-qpr3-release/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/android15-release/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/android15-qpr1-release/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+  https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/main/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+or:
+  https://googleplex-android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/24Q1-release/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+  https://googleplex-android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/24Q2-release/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+  https://googleplex-android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/24Q3-release/netbpfload/netbpfload.rc
+  https://googleplex-android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Connectivity/+/refs/heads/24Q4-release/bpf/loader/netbpfload.rc
 
 this is entirely equivalent to:
   (cd /android1/system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/goog/rvc-dev:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk30-11-R.rc
   (cd /android1/system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/goog/sc-dev:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc;  ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk31-12-S.rc
   (cd /android1/system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/goog/tm-dev:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc;  ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk33-13-T.rc
   (cd /android1/system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/goog/udc-dev:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk34-14-U.rc
-  (cd /android1/system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/goog/main:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc;    ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2.rc
 
 it is also equivalent to:
   (cd /android1/system/bpf && git cat-file -p remotes/goog/rvc-qpr-dev:bpfloader/bpfloader.rc; ) | egrep -v '^ *#' > bpfloader-sdk30-11-R.rc
@@ -29,34 +51,66 @@
 
 Key takeaways:
 
-= R bpfloader:
+= R bpfloader (platform)
   - CHOWN + SYS_ADMIN
   - asynchronous startup
   - platform only
   - proc file setup handled by initrc
 
-= S bpfloader
+= S bpfloader (platform)
   - adds NET_ADMIN
   - synchronous startup
   - platform + mainline tethering offload
 
-= T bpfloader
+= T bpfloader (platform)
   - platform + mainline networking (including tethering offload)
   - supported btf for maps via exec of btfloader
 
-= U bpfloader
+= U bpfloader (platform)
   - proc file setup moved into bpfloader binary
   - explicitly specified user and groups:
     group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
     user root
 
-= U QPR2 bpfloader
+= U QPR2 [24Q1] bpfloader (platform netbpfload -> platform bpfloader)
   - drops support of btf for maps
   - invocation of /system/bin/netbpfload binary, which after handling *all*
     networking bpf related things executes the platform /system/bin/bpfloader
     which handles non-networking bpf.
+  - Note: this does not (by itself) call into apex NetBpfLoad
+
+= U QPR3 [24Q2] bpfloader (platform netbpfload -> apex netbpfload -> platform bpfloader)
+  - platform NetBpfload *always* execs into apex NetBpfLoad,
+  - shipped with mainline tethering apex that includes NetBpfLoad binary.
+
+= V [24Q3] bpfloader (apex netbpfload -> platform bpfloader)
+  - no significant changes, though it does hard require the apex NetBpfLoad
+    by virtue of the platform NetBpfLoad no longer being present.
+    ie. the apex must override the platform 'bpfloader' service for 35+:
+    the V FRC M-2024-08+ tethering apex does this.
+
+= V QPR1 [24Q4] bpfloader (apex netbpfload -> platform bpfloader)
+  - made netd start earlier (previously happened in parallel to zygote)
+  - renamed and moved the trigger out of netbpload.rc into
+    //system/core/rootdir/init.rc
+  - the new sequence is:
+      trigger post-fs-data        (logd available, starts apexd)
+      trigger load-bpf-programs   (does: exec_start bpfloader)
+      trigger bpf-progs-loaded    (does: start netd)
+      trigger zygote-start
+  - this is more or less irrelevant from the point of view of the bpfloader,
+    but it does mean netd init could fail and abort the boot earlier,
+    before 'A/B update_verifier marks a successful boot'.
+    Though note that due to netd being started asynchronously, it is racy.
 
 Note that there is now a copy of 'netbpfload' provided by the tethering apex
 mainline module at /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload, which due
 to the use of execve("/system/bin/bpfloader") relies on T+ selinux which was
 added for btf map support (specifically the ability to exec the "btfloader").
+
+= mainline tethering apex M-2024-08+ overrides the platform service for V+
+  thus loading mainline (ie. networking) bpf programs from mainline 'NetBpfLoad'
+  and platform ones from platform 'bpfloader'.
+
+= mainline tethering apex M-2024-09+ changes T+ behaviour (U QPR3+ unaffected)
+  netd -> netd_updatable.so -> ctl.start=mdnsd_netbpfload -> load net bpf programs
diff --git a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2.rc b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2-24Q1.rc
similarity index 100%
copy from bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2.rc
copy to bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2-24Q1.rc
diff --git a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2.rc b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR3-24Q2.rc
similarity index 100%
rename from bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR2.rc
rename to bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR3-24Q2.rc
diff --git a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR3.rc b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR3.rc
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f3f462..0000000
--- a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk34-14-U-QPR3.rc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-on load_bpf_programs
-    exec_start bpfloader
-
-service bpfloader /system/bin/netbpfload
-    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
-    group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
-    user root
-    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
-    oneshot
-    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
-    updatable
diff --git a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk35-15-V.rc b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk35-15-V-24Q3.rc
similarity index 100%
rename from bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk35-15-V.rc
rename to bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk35-15-V-24Q3.rc
diff --git a/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk35-15-V-QPR1-24Q4.rc b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk35-15-V-QPR1-24Q4.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2639ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf/loader/initrc-doc/bpfloader-sdk35-15-V-QPR1-24Q4.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+service bpfloader /system/bin/false
+    user root
+    oneshot
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,netbpfload-missing
+    updatable
diff --git a/bpf/netd/Android.bp b/bpf/netd/Android.bp
index fe4d999..473c8c9 100644
--- a/bpf/netd/Android.bp
+++ b/bpf/netd/Android.bp
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@
         "libcutils",
         "liblog",
         "libnetdutils",
-        "libprocessgroup",
     ],
     compile_multilib: "both",
     multilib: {
diff --git a/bpf/netd/BpfBaseTest.cpp b/bpf/netd/BpfBaseTest.cpp
index 34dfbb4..4b8a04e 100644
--- a/bpf/netd/BpfBaseTest.cpp
+++ b/bpf/netd/BpfBaseTest.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <cutils/qtaguid.h>
-#include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -54,13 +53,6 @@
     BpfBasicTest() {}
 };
 
-TEST_F(BpfBasicTest, TestCgroupMounted) {
-    std::string cg2_path;
-    ASSERT_EQ(true, CgroupGetControllerPath(CGROUPV2_HIERARCHY_NAME, &cg2_path));
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, access(cg2_path.c_str(), R_OK));
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, access((cg2_path + "/cgroup.controllers").c_str(), R_OK));
-}
-
 TEST_F(BpfBasicTest, TestTagSocket) {
     BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> cookieTagMap(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH);
     ASSERT_TRUE(cookieTagMap.isValid());
diff --git a/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index 5dea851..340acda 100644
--- a/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/bpf/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
         ALOGE("Failed to open the cgroup directory: %s", strerror(err));
         return statusFromErrno(err, "Open the cgroup directory failed");
     }
+
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_ALLOWLIST_PROG_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_DENYLIST_PROG_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(checkProgramAccessible(XT_BPF_EGRESS_PROG_PATH));
@@ -120,18 +121,22 @@
     }
 
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
-        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT4_PROG_PATH,
-                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT));
-        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT6_PROG_PATH,
-                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT));
-        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG));
-        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG));
-        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG));
-        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
-                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG));
+        // V requires 4.19+, so technically this 2nd 'if' is not required, but it
+        // doesn't hurt us to try to support AOSP forks that try to support older kernels.
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT4_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT));
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT6_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT));
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG));
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG));
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG));
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG));
+        }
 
         if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
             RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH,
@@ -161,12 +166,16 @@
     }
 
     if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
-        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        // V requires 4.19+, so technically this 2nd 'if' is not required, but it
+        // doesn't hurt us to try to support AOSP forks that try to support older kernels.
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        }
 
         if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
             if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
@@ -201,7 +210,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-Status BpfHandler::init(const char* cg2_path) {
+static inline void waitForBpf() {
     // Note: netd *can* be restarted, so this might get called a second time after boot is complete
     // at which point we don't need to (and shouldn't) wait for (more importantly start) loading bpf
 
@@ -229,6 +238,21 @@
     }
 
     ALOGI("BPF programs are loaded");
+}
+
+Status BpfHandler::init(const char* cg2_path) {
+    // This wait is effectively a no-op on U QPR3+ devices (as netd starts
+    // *after* the synchronous 'exec_start bpfloader' which calls NetBpfLoad)
+    // but checking for U QPR3 is hard.
+    //
+    // Waiting should not be required on U QPR3+ devices,
+    // ...
+    //
+    // ...unless someone changed 'exec_start bpfloader' to 'start bpfloader'
+    // in the rc file.
+    //
+    // TODO: should be: if (!modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastW())
+    if (android_get_device_api_level() <= __ANDROID_API_V__) waitForBpf();
 
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initPrograms(cg2_path));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initMaps());
diff --git a/bpf/progs/netd.c b/bpf/progs/netd.c
index cbe856d..ed0eed5 100644
--- a/bpf/progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf/progs/netd.c
@@ -709,32 +709,32 @@
     return block_port(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect4/inet4_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet4_connect, KVER_4_14)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect4/inet4_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet4_connect, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect6/inet6_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet6_connect, KVER_4_14)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect6/inet6_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet6_connect, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg4/udp4_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_recvmsg, KVER_4_14)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg4/udp4_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_recvmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg6/udp6_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_recvmsg, KVER_4_14)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg6/udp6_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_recvmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg4/udp4_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_sendmsg, KVER_4_14)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg4/udp4_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_sendmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg6/udp6_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_sendmsg, KVER_4_14)
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg6/udp6_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_sendmsg, KVER_4_19)
 (struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
     return check_localhost(ctx);
 }
diff --git a/bpf/progs/offload.c b/bpf/progs/offload.c
index 7e1184d..631908a 100644
--- a/bpf/progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf/progs/offload.c
@@ -85,9 +85,8 @@
 
     // Since the program never writes via DPA (direct packet access) auto-pull/unclone logic does
     // not trigger and thus we need to manually make sure we can read packet headers via DPA.
-    // Note: this is a blind best effort pull, which may fail or pull less - this doesn't matter.
     // It has to be done early cause it will invalidate any skb->data/data_end derived pointers.
-    try_make_writable(skb, l2_header_size + IP6_HLEN + TCP_HLEN);
+    if (bpf_skb_pull_data(skb, l2_header_size + IP6_HLEN)) return TC_ACT_PIPE;
 
     void* data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
     const void* data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
@@ -110,6 +109,14 @@
     // If hardware offload is running and programming flows based on conntrack entries,
     // try not to interfere with it.
     if (ip6->nexthdr == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+        // don't need to check return code, as it's effectively checked in the next 'if' below
+        bpf_skb_pull_data(skb, l2_header_size + IP6_HLEN + TCP_HLEN);
+
+        data = (void*)(long)skb->data;
+        data_end = (void*)(long)skb->data_end;
+        eth = is_ethernet ? data : NULL;  // used iff is_ethernet
+        ip6 = is_ethernet ? (void*)(eth + 1) : data;
+
         struct tcphdr* tcph = (void*)(ip6 + 1);
 
         // Make sure we can get at the tcp header
diff --git a/bpf/syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h b/bpf/syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
index 73cef89..a31445a 100644
--- a/bpf/syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
+++ b/bpf/syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
@@ -16,24 +16,20 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
 #include <linux/unistd.h>
 #include <sys/file.h>
 
-#ifdef BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
-  #define BPF_FD_TYPE int
-  #define BPF_FD_TO_U32(x) static_cast<__u32>(x)
-#else
-  #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-  #define BPF_FD_TYPE base::unique_fd&
-  #define BPF_FD_TO_U32(x) static_cast<__u32>((x).get())
-#endif
 
 namespace android {
 namespace bpf {
 
+using ::android::base::borrowed_fd;
+using ::android::base::unique_fd;
+
 inline uint64_t ptr_to_u64(const void * const x) {
     return (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)x;
 }
@@ -69,58 +65,59 @@
 //   'inner_map_fd' is basically a template specifying {map_type, key_size, value_size, max_entries, map_flags}
 //   of the inner map type (and possibly only key_size/value_size actually matter?).
 inline int createOuterMap(bpf_map_type map_type, uint32_t key_size, uint32_t value_size,
-                          uint32_t max_entries, uint32_t map_flags, const BPF_FD_TYPE inner_map_fd) {
+                          uint32_t max_entries, uint32_t map_flags,
+                          const borrowed_fd& inner_map_fd) {
     return bpf(BPF_MAP_CREATE, {
                                        .map_type = map_type,
                                        .key_size = key_size,
                                        .value_size = value_size,
                                        .max_entries = max_entries,
                                        .map_flags = map_flags,
-                                       .inner_map_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(inner_map_fd),
+                                       .inner_map_fd = static_cast<__u32>(inner_map_fd.get()),
                                });
 }
 
-inline int writeToMapEntry(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd, const void* key, const void* value,
+inline int writeToMapEntry(const borrowed_fd& map_fd, const void* key, const void* value,
                            uint64_t flags) {
     return bpf(BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM, {
-                                            .map_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(map_fd),
+                                            .map_fd = static_cast<__u32>(map_fd.get()),
                                             .key = ptr_to_u64(key),
                                             .value = ptr_to_u64(value),
                                             .flags = flags,
                                     });
 }
 
-inline int findMapEntry(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd, const void* key, void* value) {
+inline int findMapEntry(const borrowed_fd& map_fd, const void* key, void* value) {
     return bpf(BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM, {
-                                            .map_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(map_fd),
+                                            .map_fd = static_cast<__u32>(map_fd.get()),
                                             .key = ptr_to_u64(key),
                                             .value = ptr_to_u64(value),
                                     });
 }
 
-inline int deleteMapEntry(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd, const void* key) {
+inline int deleteMapEntry(const borrowed_fd& map_fd, const void* key) {
     return bpf(BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM, {
-                                            .map_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(map_fd),
+                                            .map_fd = static_cast<__u32>(map_fd.get()),
                                             .key = ptr_to_u64(key),
                                     });
 }
 
-inline int getNextMapKey(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd, const void* key, void* next_key) {
+inline int getNextMapKey(const borrowed_fd& map_fd, const void* key, void* next_key) {
     return bpf(BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY, {
-                                             .map_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(map_fd),
+                                             .map_fd = static_cast<__u32>(map_fd.get()),
                                              .key = ptr_to_u64(key),
                                              .next_key = ptr_to_u64(next_key),
                                      });
 }
 
-inline int getFirstMapKey(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd, void* firstKey) {
+inline int getFirstMapKey(const borrowed_fd& map_fd, void* firstKey) {
     return getNextMapKey(map_fd, NULL, firstKey);
 }
 
-inline int bpfFdPin(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd, const char* pathname) {
+inline int bpfFdPin(const borrowed_fd& map_fd, const char* pathname) {
     return bpf(BPF_OBJ_PIN, {
                                     .pathname = ptr_to_u64(pathname),
-                                    .bpf_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(map_fd),
+                                    .bpf_fd = static_cast<__u32>(map_fd.get()),
                             });
 }
 
@@ -131,22 +128,15 @@
                             });
 }
 
-int bpfGetFdMapId(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd);
+int bpfGetFdMapId(const borrowed_fd& map_fd);
 
 inline int bpfLock(int fd, short type) {
     if (fd < 0) return fd;  // pass any errors straight through
 #ifdef BPF_MAP_LOCKLESS_FOR_TEST
     return fd;
 #endif
-#ifdef BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
     int mapId = bpfGetFdMapId(fd);
     int saved_errno = errno;
-#else
-    base::unique_fd ufd(fd);
-    int mapId = bpfGetFdMapId(ufd);
-    int saved_errno = errno;
-    (void)ufd.release();
-#endif
     // 4.14+ required to fetch map id, but we don't want to call isAtLeastKernelVersion
     if (mapId == -1 && saved_errno == EINVAL) return fd;
     if (mapId <= 0) abort();  // should not be possible
@@ -193,37 +183,35 @@
 }
 
 inline bool usableProgram(const char* pathname) {
-    int fd = retrieveProgram(pathname);
-    bool ok = (fd >= 0);
-    if (ok) close(fd);
-    return ok;
+    unique_fd fd(retrieveProgram(pathname));
+    return fd.ok();
 }
 
-inline int attachProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const BPF_FD_TYPE prog_fd,
-                         const BPF_FD_TYPE cg_fd, uint32_t flags = 0) {
+inline int attachProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const borrowed_fd& prog_fd,
+                         const borrowed_fd& cg_fd, uint32_t flags = 0) {
     return bpf(BPF_PROG_ATTACH, {
-                                        .target_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(cg_fd),
-                                        .attach_bpf_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(prog_fd),
+                                        .target_fd = static_cast<__u32>(cg_fd.get()),
+                                        .attach_bpf_fd = static_cast<__u32>(prog_fd.get()),
                                         .attach_type = type,
                                         .attach_flags = flags,
                                 });
 }
 
-inline int detachProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const BPF_FD_TYPE cg_fd) {
+inline int detachProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const borrowed_fd& cg_fd) {
     return bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, {
-                                        .target_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(cg_fd),
+                                        .target_fd = static_cast<__u32>(cg_fd.get()),
                                         .attach_type = type,
                                 });
 }
 
-inline int queryProgram(const BPF_FD_TYPE cg_fd,
+inline int queryProgram(const borrowed_fd& cg_fd,
                         enum bpf_attach_type attach_type,
                         __u32 query_flags = 0,
                         __u32 attach_flags = 0) {
     int prog_id = -1;  // equivalent to an array of one integer.
     bpf_attr arg = {
             .query = {
-                    .target_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(cg_fd),
+                    .target_fd = static_cast<__u32>(cg_fd.get()),
                     .attach_type = attach_type,
                     .query_flags = query_flags,
                     .attach_flags = attach_flags,
@@ -237,21 +225,21 @@
     return prog_id;  // return actual id
 }
 
-inline int detachSingleProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const BPF_FD_TYPE prog_fd,
-                               const BPF_FD_TYPE cg_fd) {
+inline int detachSingleProgram(bpf_attach_type type, const borrowed_fd& prog_fd,
+                               const borrowed_fd& cg_fd) {
     return bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, {
-                                        .target_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(cg_fd),
-                                        .attach_bpf_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(prog_fd),
+                                        .target_fd = static_cast<__u32>(cg_fd.get()),
+                                        .attach_bpf_fd = static_cast<__u32>(prog_fd.get()),
                                         .attach_type = type,
                                 });
 }
 
 // Available in 4.12 and later kernels.
-inline int runProgram(const BPF_FD_TYPE prog_fd, const void* data,
+inline int runProgram(const borrowed_fd& prog_fd, const void* data,
                       const uint32_t data_size) {
     return bpf(BPF_PROG_RUN, {
                                      .test = {
-                                             .prog_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(prog_fd),
+                                             .prog_fd = static_cast<__u32>(prog_fd.get()),
                                              .data_size_in = data_size,
                                              .data_in = ptr_to_u64(data),
                                      },
@@ -265,10 +253,10 @@
 // supported/returned by the running kernel.  We do this by checking it is fully
 // within the bounds of the struct size as reported by the kernel.
 #define DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(TYPE, NAME, FIELD) \
-inline int bpfGetFd ## NAME(const BPF_FD_TYPE fd) { \
+inline int bpfGetFd ## NAME(const borrowed_fd& fd) { \
     struct bpf_ ## TYPE ## _info info = {}; \
     union bpf_attr attr = { .info = { \
-        .bpf_fd = BPF_FD_TO_U32(fd), \
+        .bpf_fd = static_cast<__u32>(fd.get()), \
         .info_len = sizeof(info), \
         .info = ptr_to_u64(&info), \
     }}; \
@@ -283,19 +271,16 @@
 
 // All 7 of these fields are already present in Linux v4.14 (even ACK 4.14-P)
 // while BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD is not implemented at all in v4.9 (even ACK 4.9-Q)
-DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MapType, type)            // int bpfGetFdMapType(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd)
-DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MapId, id)                // int bpfGetFdMapId(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd)
-DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, KeySize, key_size)        // int bpfGetFdKeySize(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd)
-DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, ValueSize, value_size)    // int bpfGetFdValueSize(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd)
-DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MaxEntries, max_entries)  // int bpfGetFdMaxEntries(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd)
-DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MapFlags, map_flags)      // int bpfGetFdMapFlags(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd)
-DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(prog, ProgId, id)              // int bpfGetFdProgId(const BPF_FD_TYPE prog_fd)
+DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MapType, type)            // int bpfGetFdMapType(const borrowed_fd& map_fd)
+DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MapId, id)                // int bpfGetFdMapId(const borrowed_fd& map_fd)
+DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, KeySize, key_size)        // int bpfGetFdKeySize(const borrowed_fd& map_fd)
+DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, ValueSize, value_size)    // int bpfGetFdValueSize(const borrowed_fd& map_fd)
+DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MaxEntries, max_entries)  // int bpfGetFdMaxEntries(const borrowed_fd& map_fd)
+DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(map, MapFlags, map_flags)      // int bpfGetFdMapFlags(const borrowed_fd& map_fd)
+DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD(prog, ProgId, id)              // int bpfGetFdProgId(const borrowed_fd& prog_fd)
 
 #undef DEFINE_BPF_GET_FD
 
 }  // namespace bpf
 }  // namespace android
 
-#undef BPF_FD_TO_U32
-#undef BPF_FD_TYPE
-#undef BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
diff --git a/clatd/main.c b/clatd/main.c
index f888041..7aa1671 100644
--- a/clatd/main.c
+++ b/clatd/main.c
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 /* function: stop_loop
  * signal handler: stop the event loop
  */
-static void stop_loop() { running = 0; };
+static void stop_loop(__attribute__((unused)) int unused) { running = 0; };
 
 /* function: print_help
  * in case the user is running this on the command line
diff --git a/common/FlaggedApi.bp b/common/FlaggedApi.bp
index 39ff2d4..f89ff9d 100644
--- a/common/FlaggedApi.bp
+++ b/common/FlaggedApi.bp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 aconfig_declarations {
     name: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
     package: "com.android.net.flags",
+    exportable: true,
     container: "com.android.tethering",
     srcs: ["flags.aconfig"],
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
@@ -32,6 +33,17 @@
     ],
 }
 
+java_aconfig_library {
+    name: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig-java-export",
+    aconfig_declarations: "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+    defaults: ["framework-minus-apex-aconfig-java-defaults"],
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.wifi",
+    ],
+    mode: "exported",
+}
+
 aconfig_declarations {
     name: "com.android.net.thread.flags-aconfig",
     package: "com.android.net.thread.flags",
diff --git a/common/flags.aconfig b/common/flags.aconfig
index 4c6d8ba..60a827b 100644
--- a/common/flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/flags.aconfig
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 }
 
 flag {
-  name: "tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config"
+  name: "tethering_with_soft_ap_config"
   is_exported: true
   namespace: "android_core_networking"
   description: "The flag controls the access for the parcelable TetheringRequest with getSoftApConfiguration/setSoftApConfiguration API"
@@ -156,3 +156,12 @@
   bug: "354619988"
   is_fixed_read_only: true
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "ipv6_over_ble"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "API flag for IPv6 over BLE"
+  bug: "372936361"
+  is_fixed_read_only: true
+}
diff --git a/common/networksecurity_flags.aconfig b/common/networksecurity_flags.aconfig
index 6438ba4..4a83af4 100644
--- a/common/networksecurity_flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/networksecurity_flags.aconfig
@@ -8,3 +8,12 @@
     bug: "319829948"
     is_fixed_read_only: true
 }
+
+flag {
+    name: "certificate_transparency_job"
+    is_exported: true
+    namespace: "network_security"
+    description: "Enable daily job service for certificate transparency instead of flags listener"
+    bug: "319829948"
+    is_fixed_read_only: true
+}
diff --git a/common/thread_flags.aconfig b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
index 14b70d0..8cc2bb4 100644
--- a/common/thread_flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/thread_flags.aconfig
@@ -35,3 +35,21 @@
     description: "Controls whether the Android Thread Ephemeral Key feature is enabled"
     bug: "348323500"
 }
+
+flag {
+    name: "set_nat64_configuration_enabled"
+    is_exported: true
+    is_fixed_read_only: true
+    namespace: "thread_network"
+    description: "Controls whether the setConfiguration API of NAT64 feature is enabled"
+    bug: "368456504"
+}
+
+flag {
+    name: "thread_mobile_enabled"
+    is_exported: true
+    is_fixed_read_only: true
+    namespace: "thread_network"
+    description: "Controls whether Thread support for mobile devices is enabled"
+    bug: "368867060"
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index 7551b92..9d6d356 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@
 java_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
     defaults: ["framework-connectivity-t-defaults"],
+    installable: false,
     libs: [
         "framework-bluetooth.stubs.module_lib",
         "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
@@ -172,6 +173,10 @@
         // Tests using hidden APIs
         "//cts/tests/netlegacy22.api",
         "//cts/tests/tests/app.usage", // NetworkUsageStatsTest
+
+        // TODO: b/374174952 Remove it when VCN CTS is moved to Connectivity/
+        "//cts/tests/tests/vcn",
+
         "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
diff --git a/framework-t/api/current.txt b/framework-t/api/current.txt
index 9ae0cf7..75578aa 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/current.txt
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@
     method public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,byte[]> getAttributes();
     method @Deprecated public java.net.InetAddress getHost();
     method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getHostAddresses();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.ipv6_over_ble") @Nullable public String getHostname();
     method @Nullable public android.net.Network getNetwork();
     method public int getPort();
     method public String getServiceName();
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
index 09a3681..5f8f0e3 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
@@ -500,12 +500,18 @@
 
   @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.configuration_enabled") public final class ThreadConfiguration implements android.os.Parcelable {
     method public int describeContents();
-    method public boolean isDhcpv6PdEnabled();
     method public boolean isNat64Enabled();
     method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration> CREATOR;
   }
 
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.set_nat64_configuration_enabled") public static final class ThreadConfiguration.Builder {
+    ctor @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.set_nat64_configuration_enabled") public ThreadConfiguration.Builder();
+    ctor @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.set_nat64_configuration_enabled") public ThreadConfiguration.Builder(@NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.set_nat64_configuration_enabled") @NonNull public android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration build();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.set_nat64_configuration_enabled") @NonNull public android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration.Builder setNat64Enabled(boolean);
+  }
+
   @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.thread_enabled") public final class ThreadNetworkController {
     method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.epskc_enabled") @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void activateEphemeralKeyMode(@NonNull java.time.Duration, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
     method public void createRandomizedDataset(@NonNull String, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
@@ -520,6 +526,7 @@
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerStateCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void scheduleMigration(@NonNull android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
     method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.channel_max_powers_enabled") @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void setChannelMaxPowers(@NonNull @Size(min=1) android.util.SparseIntArray, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.set_nat64_configuration_enabled") @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED) public void setConfiguration(@NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
     method @RequiresPermission("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED") public void setEnabled(boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.os.OutcomeReceiver<java.lang.Void,android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException>);
     method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.thread.flags.configuration_enabled") @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED) public void unregisterConfigurationCallback(@NonNull java.util.function.Consumer<android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration>);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED"}) public void unregisterOperationalDatasetCallback(@NonNull android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.OperationalDatasetCallback);
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
index 01ac106..b459a13 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
-import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
+import android.net.netstats.StatsResult;
+import android.net.netstats.TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProvider;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -78,16 +79,13 @@
     void unregisterUsageRequest(in DataUsageRequest request);
 
     /** Get the uid stats information since boot */
-    NetworkStats getTypelessUidStats(int uid);
+    StatsResult getUidStats(int uid);
 
     /** Get the iface stats information since boot */
-    NetworkStats getTypelessIfaceStats(String iface);
+    StatsResult getIfaceStats(String iface);
 
     /** Get the total network stats information since boot */
-    NetworkStats getTypelessTotalStats();
-
-    /** Get the uid stats information (with specified type) since boot */
-    long getUidStats(int uid, int type);
+    StatsResult getTotalStats();
 
     /** Registers a network stats provider */
     INetworkStatsProviderCallback registerNetworkStatsProvider(String tag,
@@ -107,4 +105,7 @@
 
      /** Clear TrafficStats rate-limit caches. */
      void clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches();
+
+     /** Get rate-limit cache config. */
+     TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig getRateLimitCacheConfig();
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
index 3b6a69b..868033a 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
@@ -29,20 +33,26 @@
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.media.MediaPlayer;
+import android.net.netstats.StatsResult;
+import android.net.netstats.TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.StrictMode;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BinderUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LruCacheWithExpiry;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.net.SocketException;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.Objects;
-
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier;
 
 /**
  * Class that provides network traffic statistics. These statistics include
@@ -177,10 +187,51 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE = 0xFFFFFF42;
 
+    private static final StatsResult EMPTY_STATS = new StatsResult(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+    private static final Object sRateLimitCacheLock = new Object();
+
+    @GuardedBy("TrafficStats.class")
+    @Nullable
     private static INetworkStatsService sStatsService;
 
+    // The variable will only be accessed in the test, which is effectively
+    // single-threaded.
+    @Nullable
+    private static INetworkStatsService sStatsServiceForTest = null;
+
+    // This holds the configuration for the TrafficStats rate limit caches.
+    // It will be filled with the result of a query to the service the first time
+    // the caller invokes get*Stats APIs.
+    // This variable can be accessed from any thread with the lock held.
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    @Nullable
+    private static TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig sRateLimitCacheConfig;
+
+    // Cache for getIfaceStats and getTotalStats binder interfaces.
+    // This variable can be accessed from any thread with the lock held,
+    // while the cache itself is thread-safe and can be accessed outside
+    // the lock.
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult> sRateLimitIfaceCache;
+
+    // Cache for getUidStats binder interface.
+    // This variable can be accessed from any thread with the lock held,
+    // while the cache itself is thread-safe and can be accessed outside
+    // the lock.
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult> sRateLimitUidCache;
+
+    // The variable will only be accessed in the test, which is effectively
+    // single-threaded.
+    @Nullable
+    private static LongSupplier sTimeSupplierForTest = null;
+
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
     private synchronized static INetworkStatsService getStatsService() {
+        if (sStatsServiceForTest != null) return sStatsServiceForTest;
         if (sStatsService == null) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("TrafficStats not initialized, uid="
                     + Binder.getCallingUid());
@@ -188,6 +239,43 @@
         return sStatsService;
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
+    private static int getMyUid() {
+        return android.os.Process.myUid();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the network stats service for testing, or null to reset.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public static void setServiceForTest(INetworkStatsService statsService) {
+        sStatsServiceForTest = statsService;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set time supplier for test, or null to reset.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public static void setTimeSupplierForTest(LongSupplier timeSupplier) {
+        sTimeSupplierForTest = timeSupplier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Trigger query rate-limit cache config and initializing the caches.
+     *
+     * This is for test purpose.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public static void reinitRateLimitCacheForTest() {
+        maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(true /* forceReinit */);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Snapshot of {@link NetworkStats} when the currently active profiling
      * session started, or {@code null} if no session active.
@@ -228,6 +316,92 @@
         sStatsService = statsManager.getBinder();
     }
 
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult> maybeGetRateLimitIfaceCache() {
+        if (!maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(false /* forceReinit */)) return null;
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            return sRateLimitIfaceCache;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult> maybeGetRateLimitUidCache() {
+        if (!maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(false /* forceReinit */)) return null;
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            return sRateLimitUidCache;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the rate limit cache configuration and init caches if null.
+     *
+     * Gets the configuration from the service as the configuration
+     * is not expected to change dynamically. And use it to initialize
+     * rate-limit cache if not yet initialized.
+     *
+     * @return whether the rate-limit cache is enabled.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private static boolean maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(boolean forceReinit) {
+        // Access the service outside the lock to avoid potential deadlocks. This is
+        // especially important when the caller is a system component (e.g.,
+        // NetworkPolicyManagerService) that might hold other locks that the service
+        // also needs.
+        // Although this introduces a race condition where multiple threads might
+        // query the service concurrently, it's acceptable in this case because the
+        // configuration doesn't change dynamically. The configuration only needs to
+        // be fetched once before initializing the cache.
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            if (sRateLimitCacheConfig != null && !forceReinit) {
+                return sRateLimitCacheConfig.isCacheEnabled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig config;
+        try {
+            config = getStatsService().getRateLimitCacheConfig();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            if (sRateLimitCacheConfig == null || forceReinit) {
+                sRateLimitCacheConfig = config;
+                initRateLimitCacheLocked();
+            }
+        }
+        return config.isCacheEnabled;
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    private static void initRateLimitCacheLocked() {
+        // Set up rate limiting caches.
+        // Use uid cache with UID_ALL to cache total stats.
+        if (sRateLimitCacheConfig.isCacheEnabled) {
+            // A time supplier which is monotonic until device reboots, and counts
+            // time spent in sleep. This is needed to ensure the get*Stats caller
+            // won't get stale value after system time adjustment or waking up from sleep.
+            final LongSupplier realtimeSupplier = (sTimeSupplierForTest != null
+                    ? sTimeSupplierForTest : () -> SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
+            sRateLimitIfaceCache = new LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult>(
+                    realtimeSupplier,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.expiryDurationMs,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.maxEntries,
+                    (statsResult) -> !isEmpty(statsResult)
+            );
+            sRateLimitUidCache = new LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult>(
+                    realtimeSupplier,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.expiryDurationMs,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.maxEntries,
+                    (statsResult) -> !isEmpty(statsResult)
+            );
+        } else {
+            sRateLimitIfaceCache = null;
+            sRateLimitUidCache = null;
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Attach the socket tagger implementation to the current process, to
      * get notified when a socket's {@link FileDescriptor} is assigned to
@@ -242,8 +416,8 @@
 
     private static class SocketTagger extends dalvik.system.SocketTagger {
 
-        // TODO: set to false
-        private static final boolean LOGD = true;
+        // Enable log with `setprop log.tag.TrafficStats DEBUG` and restart the module.
+        private static final boolean LOGD = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
 
         SocketTagger() {
         }
@@ -450,7 +624,7 @@
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static void setThreadStatsUidSelf() {
-        setThreadStatsUid(android.os.Process.myUid());
+        setThreadStatsUid(getMyUid());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -591,7 +765,7 @@
      * @param operationCount Number of operations to increment count by.
      */
     public static void incrementOperationCount(int tag, int operationCount) {
-        final int uid = android.os.Process.myUid();
+        final int uid = getMyUid();
         try {
             getStatsService().incrementOperationCount(uid, tag, operationCount);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -710,6 +884,14 @@
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
     public static void clearRateLimitCaches() {
+        final LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult> ifaceCache = maybeGetRateLimitIfaceCache();
+        if (ifaceCache != null) {
+            ifaceCache.clear();
+        }
+        final LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult> uidCache = maybeGetRateLimitUidCache();
+        if (uidCache != null) {
+            uidCache.clear();
+        }
         try {
             getStatsService().clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches();
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -959,45 +1141,76 @@
 
     /** @hide */
     public static long getUidStats(int uid, int type) {
-        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)
-                || android.os.Process.myUid() != uid) {
-            return UNSUPPORTED;
-        }
-        final NetworkStats stats;
+        return fetchStats(maybeGetRateLimitUidCache(), uid,
+                () -> getStatsService().getUidStats(uid), type);
+    }
+
+    // Note: This method calls to the service, do not invoke this method with lock held.
+    private static <K> long fetchStats(
+            @Nullable LruCacheWithExpiry<K, StatsResult> cache, K key,
+            BinderUtils.ThrowingSupplier<StatsResult, RemoteException> statsFetcher, int type) {
         try {
-            stats = getStatsService().getTypelessUidStats(uid);
+            final StatsResult stats;
+            if (cache != null) {
+                stats = fetchStatsWithCache(cache, key, statsFetcher);
+            } else {
+                // Cache is not enabled, fetch directly from service.
+                stats = statsFetcher.get();
+            }
+            return getEntryValueForType(stats, type);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
-        return getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(stats, type);
+    }
+
+    // Note: This method calls to the service, do not invoke this method with lock held.
+    @Nullable
+    private static <K> StatsResult fetchStatsWithCache(LruCacheWithExpiry<K, StatsResult> cache,
+            K key, BinderUtils.ThrowingSupplier<StatsResult, RemoteException> statsFetcher)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        // Attempt to retrieve from the cache first.
+        StatsResult stats = cache.get(key);
+
+        // Although the cache instance is thread-safe, this can still introduce a
+        // race condition between threads of the same process, potentially
+        // returning non-monotonic results. This is because there is no lock
+        // between get, fetch, and put operations. This is considered acceptable
+        // because varying thread execution speeds can also cause non-monotonic
+        // results, even with locking.
+        if (stats == null) {
+            // Cache miss, fetch from the service.
+            stats = statsFetcher.get();
+
+            // Update the cache with the fetched result if valid.
+            if (stats != null && !isEmpty(stats)) {
+                final StatsResult cachedValue = cache.putIfAbsent(key, stats);
+                if (cachedValue != null) {
+                    // Some other thread cached a value after this thread
+                    // originally got a cache miss. Return the cached value
+                    // to ensure all returned values after caching are consistent.
+                    return cachedValue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isEmpty(StatsResult stats) {
+        return stats.equals(EMPTY_STATS);
     }
 
     /** @hide */
     public static long getTotalStats(int type) {
-        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) {
-            return UNSUPPORTED;
-        }
-        final NetworkStats stats;
-        try {
-            stats = getStatsService().getTypelessTotalStats();
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-        }
-        return getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(stats, type);
+        // In practice, Bpf doesn't use UID_ALL for storing per-UID stats.
+        // Use uid cache with UID_ALL to cache total stats.
+        return fetchStats(maybeGetRateLimitUidCache(), UID_ALL,
+                () -> getStatsService().getTotalStats(), type);
     }
 
     /** @hide */
     public static long getIfaceStats(String iface, int type) {
-        if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) {
-            return UNSUPPORTED;
-        }
-        final NetworkStats stats;
-        try {
-            stats = getStatsService().getTypelessIfaceStats(iface);
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-        }
-        return getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(stats, type);
+        return fetchStats(maybeGetRateLimitIfaceCache(), iface,
+                () -> getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface), type);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1094,7 +1307,7 @@
      */
     private static NetworkStats getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(Context context) {
         // TODO: take snapshot locally, since proc file is now visible
-        final int uid = android.os.Process.myUid();
+        final int uid = getMyUid();
         try {
             return getStatsService().getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(uid);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -1127,18 +1340,18 @@
     public static final int TYPE_TX_PACKETS = 3;
 
     /** @hide */
-    private static long getEntryValueForType(@NonNull NetworkStats.Entry entry, int type) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(entry);
+    private static long getEntryValueForType(@Nullable StatsResult stats, int type) {
+        if (stats == null) return UNSUPPORTED;
         if (!isEntryValueTypeValid(type)) return UNSUPPORTED;
         switch (type) {
             case TYPE_RX_BYTES:
-                return entry.getRxBytes();
+                return stats.rxBytes;
             case TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
-                return entry.getRxPackets();
+                return stats.rxPackets;
             case TYPE_TX_BYTES:
-                return entry.getTxBytes();
+                return stats.txBytes;
             case TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
-                return entry.getTxPackets();
+                return stats.txPackets;
             default:
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Bug: Invalid type: "
                         + type + " should not reach here.");
@@ -1157,13 +1370,5 @@
                 return false;
         }
     }
-
-    /** @hide */
-    public static long getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(@NonNull NetworkStats stats, int type) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(stats);
-        Iterator<NetworkStats.Entry> iter = stats.iterator();
-        if (!iter.hasNext()) return UNSUPPORTED;
-        return getEntryValueForType(iter.next(), type);
-    }
 }
 
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/StatsResult.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/StatsResult.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f09566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/StatsResult.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats;
+
+/**
+ * A lightweight class to pass result of TrafficStats#get{Total|Iface|Uid}Stats.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true)
+@JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable StatsResult {
+    long rxBytes;
+    long rxPackets;
+    long txBytes;
+    long txPackets;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdf0b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the TrafficStats rate limit cache.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true)
+@JavaOnlyImmutable
+parcelable TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig {
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the cache is enabled for V+ device or target Sdk V+ apps.
+     */
+    boolean isCacheEnabled;
+
+    /**
+     * The duration for which cache entries are valid, in milliseconds.
+     */
+    int expiryDurationMs;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum number of entries to store in the cache.
+     */
+    int maxEntries;
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
index 18c59d9..52d6e7e 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -200,14 +200,12 @@
     /**
      * Get the hostname.
      *
-     * <p>When a service is resolved, it returns the hostname of the resolved service . The top
-     * level domain ".local." is omitted.
-     *
-     * <p>For example, it returns "MyHost" when the service's hostname is "MyHost.local.".
-     *
-     * @hide
+     * <p>When a service is resolved through {@link NsdManager#resolveService} or
+     * {@link NsdManager#registerServiceInfoCallback}, this returns the hostname of the resolved
+     * service. In all other cases, this will be null. The top level domain ".local." is omitted.
+     * For example, this returns "MyHost" when the service's hostname is "MyHost.local.".
      */
-//    @FlaggedApi(NsdManager.Flags.NSD_CUSTOM_HOSTNAME_ENABLED)
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_IPV6_OVER_BLE)
     @Nullable
     public String getHostname() {
         return mHostname;
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index 0334e11..a1c6a15 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
         ":net-utils-framework-common-srcs",
         ":framework-connectivity-api-shared-srcs",
         ":framework-networksecurity-sources",
+        ":statslog-framework-connectivity-java-gen",
     ],
     aidl: {
         generate_get_transaction_name: true,
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@
             // the module builds against API (the parcelable declarations exist in framework.aidl)
             "frameworks/base/core/java", // For framework parcelables
             "frameworks/native/aidl/binder", // For PersistableBundle.aidl
+            "packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src",
         ],
     },
     stub_only_libs: [
@@ -104,6 +106,7 @@
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "app-compat-annotations",
         "framework-connectivity-t.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-statsd.stubs.module_lib",
         "unsupportedappusage",
     ],
     apex_available: [
@@ -141,6 +144,7 @@
 java_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
     defaults: ["framework-module-defaults"],
+    installable: false,
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     static_libs: [
         "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar-without-cronet",
@@ -156,6 +160,7 @@
 java_defaults {
     name: "CronetJavaDefaults",
     srcs: [":httpclient_api_sources"],
+    static_libs: ["com.android.net.http.flags-aconfig-java"],
     libs: [
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
     ],
@@ -187,6 +192,10 @@
         // Tests using hidden APIs
         "//cts/tests/netlegacy22.api",
         "//cts/tests/tests/app.usage", // NetworkUsageStatsTest
+
+        // TODO: b/374174952 Remove it when VCN CTS is moved to Connectivity/
+        "//cts/tests/tests/vcn",
+
         "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
@@ -212,6 +221,7 @@
     },
     aconfig_declarations: [
         "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
+        "com.android.net.http.flags-aconfig",
         "com.android.networksecurity.flags-aconfig",
     ],
 }
@@ -326,6 +336,7 @@
     aidl: {
         include_dirs: [
             "packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/aidl-export",
+            "packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src",
             "frameworks/native/aidl/binder", // For PersistableBundle.aidl
         ],
     },
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index 7bc0cf3..797c107 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
     method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, int);
     method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler, int);
     method public void requestNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.app.PendingIntent);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.ipv6_over_ble") public void reserveNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.os.Handler, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
     method @Deprecated public void setNetworkPreference(int);
     method @Deprecated public static boolean setProcessDefaultNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
     method public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback);
@@ -151,6 +152,7 @@
     method public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
     method public void onLosing(@NonNull android.net.Network, int);
     method public void onLost(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.ipv6_over_ble") public void onReserved(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
     method public void onUnavailable();
     field public static final int FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO = 1; // 0x1
   }
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index cd7307f..0129e5c 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -247,3 +247,11 @@
 
 }
 
+package android.net.http {
+
+  public abstract class HttpEngine {
+    method @FlaggedApi("android.net.http.preload_httpengine_in_zygote") public static void preload();
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortal.java b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortal.java
index 4a7b601..4c534f3 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortal.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/CaptivePortal.java
@@ -18,10 +18,19 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /**
  * A class allowing apps handling the {@link ConnectivityManager#ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN}
@@ -69,6 +78,15 @@
     @SystemApi
     public static final int APP_REQUEST_REEVALUATION_REQUIRED = APP_REQUEST_BASE + 0;
 
+    /**
+     * Binder object used for tracking the lifetime of the process, so CS can perform cleanup if
+     * the CaptivePortal app dies. This binder is not parcelled as part of this object. It is
+     * created in the client process and sent to the server by setDelegateUid so that the server
+     * can use it to register a death recipient.
+     *
+     */
+    private final Binder mLifetimeBinder = new Binder();
+
     private final IBinder mBinder;
 
     /** @hide */
@@ -167,4 +185,56 @@
     @SystemApi
     public void logEvent(int eventId, @NonNull String packageName) {
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the UID of the app that is allowed to perform network traffic for captive
+     * portal login.
+     *
+     * This app will be allowed to communicate directly on the captive
+     * portal by binding to the {@link android.net.Network} extra passed in the
+     * ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SIGN_IN broadcast that contained this object.
+     *
+     * Communication will bypass network access restrictions such as VPNs and
+     * Private DNS settings, so the delegated UID must be trusted to ensure that only
+     * traffic intended for captive portal login binds to that network.
+     *
+     * By default, no UID is delegated. The delegation can be cleared by calling
+     * this method again with {@link android.os.Process.INVALID_UID}. Only one UID can
+     * be delegated at any given time.
+     *
+     * The operation is asynchronous. The uid is only guaranteed to have access when
+     * the provided OutcomeReceiver is called.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+    // OutcomeReceiver is not available on R, but the mainline version of this
+    // class is only available on S+.
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    public void setDelegateUid(int uid, @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final OutcomeReceiver<Void, ServiceSpecificException> receiver) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(receiver);
+        try {
+            ICaptivePortal.Stub.asInterface(mBinder).setDelegateUid(
+                    uid,
+                    mLifetimeBinder,
+                    new IIntResultListener.Stub() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onResult(int resultCode) {
+                            if (resultCode != 0) {
+                                final String msg = "Fail to set the delegate UID " + uid
+                                        + ", error: " + OsConstants.errnoName(resultCode);
+                                executor.execute(() -> {
+                                    receiver.onError(new ServiceSpecificException(resultCode, msg));
+                                });
+                            } else {
+                                executor.execute(() -> receiver.onResult(null));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    });
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 1ebc4a3..9016d13 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN_FOR_BEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.QosCallback.QosCallbackRegistrationException;
@@ -1873,7 +1874,7 @@
     public NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(int userId) {
         try {
             return mService.getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(
-                    userId, mContext.getOpPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+                    userId, mContext.getOpPackageName(), mContext.getAttributionTag());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -1967,7 +1968,7 @@
             @NonNull String packageName) {
         try {
             return mService.getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(
-                    lp, uid, packageName, getAttributionTag());
+                    lp, uid, packageName, mContext.getAttributionTag());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -1993,7 +1994,7 @@
     public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable Network network) {
         try {
             return mService.getNetworkCapabilities(
-                    network, mContext.getOpPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+                    network, mContext.getOpPackageName(), mContext.getAttributionTag());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -2027,7 +2028,7 @@
             int uid, @NonNull String packageName) {
         try {
             return mService.getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(nc, uid, packageName,
-                    getAttributionTag());
+                    mContext.getAttributionTag());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -2752,21 +2753,13 @@
         checkLegacyRoutingApiAccess();
         try {
             return mService.requestRouteToHostAddress(networkType, hostAddress.getAddress(),
-                    mContext.getOpPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+                    mContext.getOpPackageName(), mContext.getAttributionTag());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * @return the context's attribution tag
-     */
-    // TODO: Remove method and replace with direct call once R code is pushed to AOSP
-    private @Nullable String getAttributionTag() {
-        return mContext.getAttributionTag();
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Returns the value of the setting for background data usage. If false,
      * applications should not use the network if the application is not in the
      * foreground. Developers should respect this setting, and check the value
@@ -4279,12 +4272,18 @@
         private static final int METHOD_ONLOST = 6;
 
         /**
-         * Called if no network is found within the timeout time specified in
-         * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, int)} call or if the
-         * requested network request cannot be fulfilled (whether or not a timeout was
-         * specified). When this callback is invoked the associated
-         * {@link NetworkRequest} will have already been removed and released, as if
-         * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} had been called.
+         * If the callback was registered with one of the {@code requestNetwork} methods, this will
+         * be called if no network is found within the timeout specified in {@link
+         * #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, int)} call or if the requested network
+         * request cannot be fulfilled (whether or not a timeout was specified).
+         *
+         * If the callback was registered when reserving a network, this method indicates that the
+         * reservation is removed. It can be called when the reservation is requested, because the
+         * system could not satisfy the reservation, or after the reserved network connects.
+         *
+         * When this callback is invoked the associated {@link NetworkRequest} will have already
+         * been removed and released, as if {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} had
+         * been called.
          */
         @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONUNAVAILABLE, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_UNAVAIL)
         public void onUnavailable() {}
@@ -4425,6 +4424,28 @@
         }
         private static final int METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_INT = 14;
 
+        /**
+         * Called when a network is reserved.
+         *
+         * The reservation includes the {@link NetworkCapabilities} that uniquely describe the
+         * network that was reserved. the caller communicates this information to hardware or
+         * software components on or off-device to instruct them to create a network matching this
+         * reservation.
+         *
+         * {@link #onReserved(NetworkCapabilities)} is called at most once and is guaranteed to be
+         * called before any other callback unless the reservation is unavailable.
+         *
+         * Once a reservation is made, the reserved {@link NetworkCapabilities} will not be updated,
+         * and the reservation remains in place until the reserved network connects or {@link
+         * #onUnavailable} is called.
+         *
+         * @param networkCapabilities The {@link NetworkCapabilities} of the reservation.
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_IPV6_OVER_BLE)
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONRESERVED, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_RESERVED)
+        public void onReserved(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONRESERVED = 15;
+
         private NetworkRequest networkRequest;
         private final int mFlags;
     }
@@ -4476,6 +4497,8 @@
     public static final int CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED                = 11;
     /** @hide */
     public static final int CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED = 12;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_RESERVED                   = 13;
     // When adding new IDs, note CallbackQueue assumes callback IDs are at most 16 bits.
 
 
@@ -4495,6 +4518,7 @@
             case CALLBACK_RESUMED:      return "CALLBACK_RESUMED";
             case CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED:  return "CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED";
             case CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED: return "CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED";
+            case CALLBACK_RESERVED:     return "CALLBACK_RESERVED";
             default:
                 return Integer.toString(whichCallback);
         }
@@ -4525,6 +4549,7 @@
     public static class NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder {
         public static final NetworkCallbackMethod[] NETWORK_CB_METHODS =
                 new NetworkCallbackMethod[] {
+                        method("onReserved", 1 << CALLBACK_RESERVED, NetworkCapabilities.class),
                         method("onPreCheck", 1 << CALLBACK_PRECHECK, Network.class),
                         // Note the final overload of onAvailable is not included, since it cannot
                         // match any overridden method.
@@ -4604,6 +4629,11 @@
             }
 
             switch (message.what) {
+                case CALLBACK_RESERVED: {
+                    final NetworkCapabilities cap = getObject(message, NetworkCapabilities.class);
+                    callback.onReserved(cap);
+                    break;
+                }
                 case CALLBACK_PRECHECK: {
                     callback.onPreCheck(network);
                     break;
@@ -4705,12 +4735,12 @@
                 if (reqType == LISTEN) {
                     request = mService.listenForNetwork(
                             need, messenger, binder, callbackFlags, callingPackageName,
-                            getAttributionTag(), declaredMethodsFlag);
+                            mContext.getAttributionTag(), declaredMethodsFlag);
                 } else {
                     request = mService.requestNetwork(
                             asUid, need, reqType.ordinal(), messenger, timeoutMs, binder,
-                            legacyType, callbackFlags, callingPackageName, getAttributionTag(),
-                            declaredMethodsFlag);
+                            legacyType, callbackFlags, callingPackageName,
+                            mContext.getAttributionTag(), declaredMethodsFlag);
                 }
                 if (request != null) {
                     sCallbacks.put(request, callback);
@@ -4985,6 +5015,41 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Reserve a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     *
+     * Some types of networks require the system to generate (i.e. reserve) some set of information
+     * before a network can be connected. For such networks, {@link #reserveNetwork} can be used
+     * which may lead to a call to {@link NetworkCallback#onReserved(NetworkCapabilities)}
+     * containing the {@link NetworkCapabilities} that were reserved.
+     *
+     * A reservation reserves at most one network. If the network connects, a reservation request
+     * behaves similar to a request filed using {@link #requestNetwork}. The provided {@link
+     * NetworkCallback} will only be called for the reserved network.
+     *
+     * If the system determines that the requested reservation can never be fulfilled, {@link
+     * NetworkCallback#onUnavailable} is called, the reservation is released by the system, and the
+     * provided callback can be reused. Otherwise, the reservation remains in place until the
+     * requested network connects. There is no guarantee that the reserved network will ever
+     * connect.
+     *
+     * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
+     * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
+     *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
+     */
+    // TODO: add executor overloads for all network request methods. Any method that passed an
+    // Executor could process the messages on the singleton ConnectivityThread Handler.
+    @SuppressLint("ExecutorRegistration")
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_IPV6_OVER_BLE)
+    public void reserveNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
+            @NonNull Handler handler,
+            @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
+        final CallbackHandler cbHandler = new CallbackHandler(handler);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = request.networkCapabilities;
+        sendRequestForNetwork(nc, networkCallback, 0, RESERVATION, TYPE_NONE, cbHandler);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Request a network to satisfy a set of {@link NetworkCapabilities}, limited
      * by a timeout.
      *
@@ -5127,7 +5192,7 @@
         try {
             mService.pendingRequestForNetwork(
                     request.networkCapabilities, operation, mContext.getOpPackageName(),
-                    getAttributionTag());
+                    mContext.getAttributionTag());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
@@ -5276,7 +5341,7 @@
         try {
             mService.pendingListenForNetwork(
                     request.networkCapabilities, operation, mContext.getOpPackageName(),
-                    getAttributionTag());
+                    mContext.getAttributionTag());
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ICaptivePortal.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/ICaptivePortal.aidl
index e35f8d4..5cbb428 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ICaptivePortal.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ICaptivePortal.aidl
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import android.net.IIntResultListener;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+
 /**
  * Interface to inform NetworkMonitor of decisions of app handling captive portal.
  * @hide
@@ -23,4 +26,5 @@
 oneway interface ICaptivePortal {
     void appRequest(int request);
     void appResponse(int response);
+    void setDelegateUid(int uid, IBinder binder, IIntResultListener listener);
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index 574ab2f..cefa1ea 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -31,12 +31,14 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
 import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@@ -943,6 +945,19 @@
 
     private void queueOrSendMessage(@NonNull RegistryAction action) {
         synchronized (mPreConnectedQueue) {
+            if (mNetwork == null && !Process.isApplicationUid(Process.myUid())) {
+                // Theoretically, it should not be valid to queue messages here before
+                // registering the NetworkAgent. However, practically, with the way
+                // queueing works right now, it ends up working out just fine.
+                // Log a statistic so that we know if this is happening in the
+                // wild. The check for isApplicationUid is to prevent logging the
+                // metric from test code.
+
+                FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog.write(
+                        FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                        FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_MESSAGE_QUEUED_BEFORE_CONNECT
+                );
+            }
             if (mRegistry != null) {
                 try {
                     action.execute(mRegistry);
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
index da12a0a..deaa734 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
@@ -272,6 +272,27 @@
         return mVpnRequiresValidation;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Whether the native network creation should be skipped.
+     *
+     * If set, the native network and routes should be maintained by the caller.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private boolean mSkipNativeNetworkCreation = false;
+
+
+    /**
+     * @return Whether the native network creation should be skipped.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Expose API when ready.
+    // @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_NETWORK_AGENT)
+    // @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES) when ready.
+    public boolean shouldSkipNativeNetworkCreation() {
+        return mSkipNativeNetworkCreation;
+    }
+
     /** @hide */
     public NetworkAgentConfig() {
     }
@@ -293,6 +314,7 @@
             mLegacyExtraInfo = nac.mLegacyExtraInfo;
             excludeLocalRouteVpn = nac.excludeLocalRouteVpn;
             mVpnRequiresValidation = nac.mVpnRequiresValidation;
+            mSkipNativeNetworkCreation = nac.mSkipNativeNetworkCreation;
         }
     }
 
@@ -484,6 +506,26 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Sets the native network creation should be skipped.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        // TODO: Expose API when ready.
+        // @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_NETWORK_AGENT)
+        // @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES) when ready.
+        public Builder setSkipNativeNetworkCreation(boolean skipNativeNetworkCreation) {
+            if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+                // Local agents are supported starting on U on TVs and on V on everything else.
+                // Thus, only support this flag on V+.
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method is not supported");
+            }
+            mConfig.mSkipNativeNetworkCreation = skipNativeNetworkCreation;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Returns the constructed {@link NetworkAgentConfig} object.
          */
         @NonNull
@@ -510,7 +552,8 @@
                 && Objects.equals(legacySubTypeName, that.legacySubTypeName)
                 && Objects.equals(mLegacyExtraInfo, that.mLegacyExtraInfo)
                 && excludeLocalRouteVpn == that.excludeLocalRouteVpn
-                && mVpnRequiresValidation == that.mVpnRequiresValidation;
+                && mVpnRequiresValidation == that.mVpnRequiresValidation
+                && mSkipNativeNetworkCreation == that.mSkipNativeNetworkCreation;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -518,7 +561,8 @@
         return Objects.hash(allowBypass, explicitlySelected, acceptUnvalidated,
                 acceptPartialConnectivity, provisioningNotificationDisabled, subscriberId,
                 skip464xlat, legacyType, legacySubType, legacyTypeName, legacySubTypeName,
-                mLegacyExtraInfo, excludeLocalRouteVpn, mVpnRequiresValidation);
+                mLegacyExtraInfo, excludeLocalRouteVpn, mVpnRequiresValidation,
+                mSkipNativeNetworkCreation);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -539,6 +583,7 @@
                 + ", legacyExtraInfo = '" + mLegacyExtraInfo + '\''
                 + ", excludeLocalRouteVpn = '" + excludeLocalRouteVpn + '\''
                 + ", vpnRequiresValidation = '" + mVpnRequiresValidation + '\''
+                + ", skipNativeNetworkCreation = '" + mSkipNativeNetworkCreation + '\''
                 + "}";
     }
 
@@ -563,33 +608,35 @@
         out.writeString(mLegacyExtraInfo);
         out.writeInt(excludeLocalRouteVpn ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeInt(mVpnRequiresValidation ? 1 : 0);
+        out.writeInt(mSkipNativeNetworkCreation ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     public static final @NonNull Creator<NetworkAgentConfig> CREATOR =
             new Creator<NetworkAgentConfig>() {
-        @Override
-        public NetworkAgentConfig createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
-            NetworkAgentConfig networkAgentConfig = new NetworkAgentConfig();
-            networkAgentConfig.allowBypass = in.readInt() != 0;
-            networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected = in.readInt() != 0;
-            networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated = in.readInt() != 0;
-            networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = in.readInt() != 0;
-            networkAgentConfig.subscriberId = in.readString();
-            networkAgentConfig.provisioningNotificationDisabled = in.readInt() != 0;
-            networkAgentConfig.skip464xlat = in.readInt() != 0;
-            networkAgentConfig.legacyType = in.readInt();
-            networkAgentConfig.legacyTypeName = in.readString();
-            networkAgentConfig.legacySubType = in.readInt();
-            networkAgentConfig.legacySubTypeName = in.readString();
-            networkAgentConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = in.readString();
-            networkAgentConfig.excludeLocalRouteVpn = in.readInt() != 0;
-            networkAgentConfig.mVpnRequiresValidation = in.readInt() != 0;
-            return networkAgentConfig;
-        }
+                @Override
+                public NetworkAgentConfig createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    NetworkAgentConfig networkAgentConfig = new NetworkAgentConfig();
+                    networkAgentConfig.allowBypass = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.explicitlySelected = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.acceptUnvalidated = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.subscriberId = in.readString();
+                    networkAgentConfig.provisioningNotificationDisabled = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.skip464xlat = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.legacyType = in.readInt();
+                    networkAgentConfig.legacyTypeName = in.readString();
+                    networkAgentConfig.legacySubType = in.readInt();
+                    networkAgentConfig.legacySubTypeName = in.readString();
+                    networkAgentConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = in.readString();
+                    networkAgentConfig.excludeLocalRouteVpn = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.mVpnRequiresValidation = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    networkAgentConfig.mSkipNativeNetworkCreation = in.readInt() != 0;
+                    return networkAgentConfig;
+                }
 
-        @Override
-        public NetworkAgentConfig[] newArray(int size) {
-            return new NetworkAgentConfig[size];
-        }
-    };
+                @Override
+                public NetworkAgentConfig[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new NetworkAgentConfig[size];
+                }
+            };
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 4a50397..c6b62ee 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -359,6 +359,7 @@
         mSubIds = new ArraySet<>();
         mUnderlyingNetworks = null;
         mEnterpriseId = 0;
+        mReservationId = RES_ID_UNSET;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -393,6 +394,7 @@
         // necessary.
         mUnderlyingNetworks = nc.mUnderlyingNetworks;
         mEnterpriseId = nc.mEnterpriseId;
+        mReservationId = nc.mReservationId;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2233,7 +2235,8 @@
                 && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedByUids(nc))
                 && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySSID(nc))
                 && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedByRequestor(nc))
-                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySubscriptionIds(nc)));
+                && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySubscriptionIds(nc)))
+                && satisfiedByReservationId(nc);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2347,7 +2350,8 @@
                 && equalsAdministratorUids(that)
                 && equalsSubscriptionIds(that)
                 && equalsUnderlyingNetworks(that)
-                && equalsEnterpriseCapabilitiesId(that);
+                && equalsEnterpriseCapabilitiesId(that)
+                && equalsReservationId(that);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -2373,7 +2377,9 @@
                 + Arrays.hashCode(mAdministratorUids) * 67
                 + Objects.hashCode(mSubIds) * 71
                 + Objects.hashCode(mUnderlyingNetworks) * 73
-                + mEnterpriseId * 79;
+                + mEnterpriseId * 79
+                + mReservationId * 83;
+
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -2411,6 +2417,7 @@
         dest.writeIntArray(CollectionUtils.toIntArray(mSubIds));
         dest.writeTypedList(mUnderlyingNetworks);
         dest.writeInt(mEnterpriseId & ALL_VALID_ENTERPRISE_IDS);
+        dest.writeInt(mReservationId);
     }
 
     public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkCapabilities> CREATOR =
@@ -2446,6 +2453,7 @@
                 }
                 netCap.setUnderlyingNetworks(in.createTypedArrayList(Network.CREATOR));
                 netCap.mEnterpriseId = in.readInt() & ALL_VALID_ENTERPRISE_IDS;
+                netCap.mReservationId = in.readInt();
                 return netCap;
             }
             @Override
@@ -2548,6 +2556,11 @@
                     NetworkCapabilities::enterpriseIdNameOf, "&");
         }
 
+        if (mReservationId != RES_ID_UNSET) {
+            final boolean isReservationOffer = (mReservationId == RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS);
+            sb.append(" ReservationId: ").append(isReservationOffer ? "*" : mReservationId);
+        }
+
         sb.append(" UnderlyingNetworks: ");
         if (mUnderlyingNetworks != null) {
             sb.append("[");
@@ -2876,6 +2889,65 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * The reservation ID used by non-reservable Networks and "regular" NetworkOffers.
+     *
+     * Note that {@code NetworkRequest#FIRST_REQUEST_ID} is 1;
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int RES_ID_UNSET = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The reservation ID used by special NetworkOffers that handle RESERVATION requests.
+     *
+     * NetworkOffers with {@code RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS} *only* receive onNetworkNeeded()
+     * callbacks for {@code NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Unique ID that identifies the network reservation.
+     */
+    private int mReservationId;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the reservation ID
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int getReservationId() {
+        return mReservationId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the reservation ID
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setReservationId(int resId) {
+        mReservationId = resId;
+    }
+
+    private boolean equalsReservationId(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return mReservationId == nc.mReservationId;
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedByReservationId(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        if (mReservationId == RES_ID_UNSET) {
+            // To maintain regular NetworkRequest semantics, a request with a zero reservationId
+            // matches an offer or network with any reservationId except MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS.
+            return nc.mReservationId != RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS;
+        }
+        // A request with a non-zero reservationId matches only an offer or network with that exact
+        // reservationId (required to match the network that will eventually come up) or
+        // MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS (required to match the blanket reservation offer).
+        if (nc.mReservationId == RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return mReservationId == nc.mReservationId;
+    }
+
+
+
+    /**
      * Returns a bitmask of all the applicable redactions (based on the permissions held by the
      * receiving app) to be performed on this object.
      *
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index 89572b3..b95363a 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_UNSET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 
 import android.annotation.FlaggedApi;
@@ -193,6 +194,16 @@
      *       callbacks about the single, highest scoring current network
      *       (if any) that matches the specified NetworkCapabilities, or
      *
+     *     - RESERVATION requests behave identically to those of type REQUEST.
+     *       For example, unlike LISTEN, they cause networks to remain
+     *       connected, and they match exactly one network (the best one).
+     *       A RESERVATION generates a unique reservationId in its
+     *       NetworkCapabilities by copying the requestId which affects
+     *       matching. A NetworkProvider can register a "blanket" NetworkOffer
+     *       with reservationId = MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS to indicate that it
+     *       is capable of generating NetworkOffers in response to RESERVATION
+     *       requests.
+     *
      *     - TRACK_DEFAULT, which causes the framework to issue callbacks for
      *       the single, highest scoring current network (if any) that will
      *       be chosen for an app, but which cannot cause the framework to
@@ -229,6 +240,7 @@
         BACKGROUND_REQUEST,
         TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT,
         LISTEN_FOR_BEST,
+        RESERVATION,
     };
 
     /**
@@ -245,8 +257,17 @@
         if (nc == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
+        if (nc.getReservationId() != RES_ID_UNSET) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ReservationId must only be set by the system");
+        }
         requestId = rId;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
+        if (type == Type.RESERVATION) {
+            // Conceptually, the reservationId is not related to the requestId; however, the
+            // requestId fulfills the same uniqueness requirements that are needed for the
+            // reservationId, so it can be reused for this purpose.
+            networkCapabilities.setReservationId(rId);
+        }
         this.legacyType = legacyType;
         this.type = type;
     }
@@ -703,7 +724,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public boolean isRequest() {
-        return type == Type.REQUEST || type == Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
+        return type == Type.REQUEST || type == Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST || type == Type.RESERVATION;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
index 51df8ab..0536263 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/connectivity/ConnectivityCompatChanges.java
@@ -135,6 +135,17 @@
     @EnabledAfter(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public static final long ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE = 74210811L;
 
+    /**
+     * Restrict local network access.
+     *
+     * Apps targeting a release after V will require permissions to access the local network.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @ChangeId
+    @EnabledSince(targetSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT)
+    public static final long RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK = 365139289L;
+
     private ConnectivityCompatChanges() {
     }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
index 150394b..e78f999 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 import android.nearby.aidl.IOffloadCallback;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
-import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
@@ -129,16 +128,6 @@
     private static final String POWER_OFF_FINDING_SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_PERSIST =
             "persist.bluetooth.finder.supported";
 
-    /**
-     * TODO(b/286137024): Remove this when CTS R5 is rolled out.
-     * Whether allows Fast Pair to scan.
-     *
-     * (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static final String FAST_PAIR_SCAN_ENABLED = "fast_pair_scan_enabled";
-
     @GuardedBy("sScanListeners")
     private static final WeakHashMap<ScanCallback, WeakReference<ScanListenerTransport>>
             sScanListeners = new WeakHashMap<>();
@@ -479,36 +468,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * TODO(b/286137024): Remove this when CTS R5 is rolled out.
-     * Read from {@link Settings} whether Fast Pair scan is enabled.
-     *
-     * @param context the {@link Context} to query the setting
-     * @return whether the Fast Pair is enabled
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static boolean getFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull Context context) {
-        final int enabled = Settings.Secure.getInt(
-                context.getContentResolver(), FAST_PAIR_SCAN_ENABLED, 0);
-        return enabled != 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * TODO(b/286137024): Remove this when CTS R5 is rolled out.
-     * Write into {@link Settings} whether Fast Pair scan is enabled
-     *
-     * @param context the {@link Context} to set the setting
-     * @param enable whether the Fast Pair scan should be enabled
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS)
-    public static void setFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull Context context, boolean enable) {
-        Settings.Secure.putInt(
-                context.getContentResolver(), FAST_PAIR_SCAN_ENABLED, enable ? 1 : 0);
-        Log.v(TAG, String.format(
-                "successfully %s Fast Pair scan", enable ? "enables" : "disables"));
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Sets the precomputed EIDs for advertising when the phone is powered off. The Bluetooth
      * controller will store these EIDs in its memory, and will start advertising them in Find My
      * Device network EID frames when powered off, only if the powered off finding mode was
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/AndroidManifest.xml b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/AndroidManifest.xml
index 472f4f0..9e1ec70 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE" />
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS" />
 
   <application>
     <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
index 1e36676..58d1808 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.nearby.PresenceCredential.IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE;
 import static android.nearby.ScanCallback.ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import android.app.UiAutomation;
 import android.bluetooth.test_utils.EnableBluetoothRule;
@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@
 
     @ClassRule public static final EnableBluetoothRule sEnableBluetooth = new EnableBluetoothRule();
 
-    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[]{1, 2};
-    private static final byte[] SECRET_ID = new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4};
+    private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[] {1, 2};
+    private static final byte[] SECRET_ID = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4};
     private static final byte[] META_DATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY = new byte[14];
-    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY = new byte[]{0, 1, 1, 1};
+    private static final byte[] AUTHENTICITY_KEY = new byte[] {0, 1, 1, 1};
     private static final String DEVICE_NAME = "test_device";
     private static final int BLE_MEDIUM = 1;
 
@@ -90,43 +90,45 @@
     private UiAutomation mUiAutomation =
             InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
 
-    private ScanRequest mScanRequest = new ScanRequest.Builder()
-            .setScanType(ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)
-            .setScanMode(ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY)
-            .setBleEnabled(true)
-            .build();
+    private ScanRequest mScanRequest =
+            new ScanRequest.Builder()
+                    .setScanType(ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)
+                    .setScanMode(ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY)
+                    .setBleEnabled(true)
+                    .build();
     private PresenceDevice.Builder mBuilder =
             new PresenceDevice.Builder("deviceId", SALT, SECRET_ID, META_DATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY);
 
-    private  ScanCallback mScanCallback = new ScanCallback() {
-        @Override
-        public void onDiscovered(@NonNull NearbyDevice device) {
-        }
+    private ScanCallback mScanCallback =
+            new ScanCallback() {
+                @Override
+                public void onDiscovered(@NonNull NearbyDevice device) {}
 
-        @Override
-        public void onUpdated(@NonNull NearbyDevice device) {
-        }
+                @Override
+                public void onUpdated(@NonNull NearbyDevice device) {}
 
-        @Override
-        public void onLost(@NonNull NearbyDevice device) {
-        }
+                @Override
+                public void onLost(@NonNull NearbyDevice device) {}
 
-        @Override
-        public void onError(int errorCode) {
-        }
-    };
+                @Override
+                public void onError(int errorCode) {}
+            };
 
     private static final Executor EXECUTOR = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
-        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
+                READ_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
                 BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED);
-        String nameSpace = SdkLevel.isAtLeastU() ? DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_NEARBY
-                : DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
-        DeviceConfig.setProperty(nameSpace,
-                "nearby_enable_presence_broadcast_legacy",
-                "true", false);
+        String nameSpace =
+                SdkLevel.isAtLeastU()
+                        ? DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_NEARBY
+                        : DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
+        DeviceConfig.setProperty(
+                nameSpace, "nearby_enable_presence_broadcast_legacy", "true", false);
 
         mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
         mNearbyManager = mContext.getSystemService(NearbyManager.class);
@@ -143,8 +145,9 @@
     @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void test_startScan_noPrivilegedPermission() {
         mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mNearbyManager
-                .startScan(mScanRequest, EXECUTOR, mScanCallback));
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
+                () -> mNearbyManager.startScan(mScanRequest, EXECUTOR, mScanCallback));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -158,23 +161,25 @@
     @Test
     @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testStartStopBroadcast() throws InterruptedException {
-        PrivateCredential credential = new PrivateCredential.Builder(SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY,
-                META_DATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY, DEVICE_NAME)
-                .setIdentityType(IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE)
-                .build();
+        PrivateCredential credential =
+                new PrivateCredential.Builder(
+                                SECRET_ID, AUTHENTICITY_KEY, META_DATA_ENCRYPTION_KEY, DEVICE_NAME)
+                        .setIdentityType(IDENTITY_TYPE_PRIVATE)
+                        .build();
         BroadcastRequest broadcastRequest =
                 new PresenceBroadcastRequest.Builder(
-                        Collections.singletonList(BLE_MEDIUM), SALT, credential)
+                                Collections.singletonList(BLE_MEDIUM), SALT, credential)
                         .addAction(123)
                         .build();
 
         CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        BroadcastCallback callback = status -> {
-            latch.countDown();
-            assertThat(status).isEqualTo(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK);
-        };
-        mNearbyManager.startBroadcast(broadcastRequest, Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(),
-                callback);
+        BroadcastCallback callback =
+                status -> {
+                    latch.countDown();
+                    assertThat(status).isEqualTo(BroadcastCallback.STATUS_OK);
+                };
+        mNearbyManager.startBroadcast(
+                broadcastRequest, Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), callback);
         latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         mNearbyManager.stopBroadcast(callback);
     }
@@ -196,9 +201,8 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
     public void testsetPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds() {
-        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
         // Only test supporting devices.
         if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
                 == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
@@ -207,24 +211,22 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
     public void testsetPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds_noPrivilegedPermission() {
-        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
         // Only test supporting devices.
         if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
                 == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
 
         mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
 
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
                 () -> mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingEphemeralIds(List.of(new byte[20])));
     }
 
-
     @Test
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
     public void testSetAndGetPoweredOffFindingMode_enabled() {
-        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
         // Only test supporting devices.
         if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
                 == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
@@ -233,30 +235,26 @@
         // enableLocation() has dropped shell permission identity.
         mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED);
 
-        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(
-                NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED);
+        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED);
         assertThat(mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode())
                 .isEqualTo(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED);
     }
 
     @Test
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
     public void testSetAndGetPoweredOffFindingMode_disabled() {
-        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
         // Only test supporting devices.
         if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
                 == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
 
-        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(
-                NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED);
+        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED);
         assertThat(mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode())
                 .isEqualTo(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_DISABLED);
     }
 
     @Test
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
     public void testSetPoweredOffFindingMode_noPrivilegedPermission() {
-        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
         // Only test supporting devices.
         if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
                 == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
@@ -264,14 +262,16 @@
         enableLocation();
         mUiAutomation.dropShellPermissionIdentity();
 
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mNearbyManager
-                .setPoweredOffFindingMode(NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED));
+        assertThrows(
+                SecurityException.class,
+                () ->
+                        mNearbyManager.setPoweredOffFindingMode(
+                                NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_ENABLED));
     }
 
     @Test
+    @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
     public void testGetPoweredOffFindingMode_noPrivilegedPermission() {
-        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
         // Only test supporting devices.
         if (mNearbyManager.getPoweredOffFindingMode()
                 == NearbyManager.POWERED_OFF_FINDING_MODE_UNSUPPORTED) return;
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
index 644e178..e0dfd31 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyConfigurationTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration.NEARBY_ENABLE_PRESENCE_BROADCAST_LEGACY;
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration.NEARBY_MAINLINE_NANO_APP_MIN_VERSION;
@@ -42,7 +43,8 @@
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation()
-                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                        READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyServiceTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyServiceTest.java
index 5b640cc..891e941 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyServiceTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/NearbyServiceTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration.NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP;
 
@@ -71,7 +72,8 @@
         when(mScanListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(mIBinder);
 
         mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
-                READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED);
+                READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED);
         mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
         mService = new NearbyService(mContext);
         mScanRequest = createScanRequest();
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManagerTest.java
index 32286e1..a36084b 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BluetoothFinderManagerTest.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
@@ -29,12 +28,13 @@
 import android.hardware.bluetooth.finder.Eid;
 import android.hardware.bluetooth.finder.IBluetoothFinder;
 import android.nearby.PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.IBinder.DeathRecipient;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 
 import java.util.List;
 
+@SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
 public class BluetoothFinderManagerTest {
     private BluetoothFinderManager mBluetoothFinderManager;
     private boolean mGetServiceCalled = false;
@@ -71,8 +72,6 @@
 
     @Before
     public void setup() {
-        // Replace with minSdkVersion when Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM can be used.
-        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastV());
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         mBluetoothFinderManager = new BluetoothFinderManagerSpy();
     }
@@ -80,16 +79,16 @@
     @Test
     public void testSendEids() throws Exception {
         byte[] eidBytes1 = {
-                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
-                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
-                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
-                (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde
+            (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
+            (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
+            (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x1d,
+            (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xde
         };
         byte[] eidBytes2 = {
-                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
-                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
-                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
-                (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef
+            (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
+            (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
+            (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0x2e,
+            (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0xef
         };
         PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId ephemeralId1 = new PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId();
         PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId ephemeralId2 = new PoweredOffFindingEphemeralId();
@@ -105,8 +104,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSendEids_remoteException() throws Exception {
-        doThrow(new RemoteException())
-                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).sendEids(any());
+        doThrow(new RemoteException()).when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).sendEids(any());
         mBluetoothFinderManager.sendEids(List.of());
 
         // Verify that we get the service again following a RemoteException.
@@ -117,8 +115,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSendEids_serviceSpecificException() throws Exception {
-        doThrow(new ServiceSpecificException(1))
-                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).sendEids(any());
+        doThrow(new ServiceSpecificException(1)).when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).sendEids(any());
         mBluetoothFinderManager.sendEids(List.of());
     }
 
@@ -134,7 +131,8 @@
     @Test
     public void testSetPoweredOffFinderMode_remoteException() throws Exception {
         doThrow(new RemoteException())
-                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).setPoweredOffFinderMode(anyBoolean());
+                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock)
+                .setPoweredOffFinderMode(anyBoolean());
         mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
 
         // Verify that we get the service again following a RemoteException.
@@ -146,7 +144,8 @@
     @Test
     public void testSetPoweredOffFinderMode_serviceSpecificException() throws Exception {
         doThrow(new ServiceSpecificException(1))
-                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock).setPoweredOffFinderMode(anyBoolean());
+                .when(mIBluetoothFinderMock)
+                .setPoweredOffFinderMode(anyBoolean());
         mBluetoothFinderManager.setPoweredOffFinderMode(true);
     }
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
index 7ff7b13..faa32c0 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/managers/BroadcastProviderManagerTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration.NEARBY_ENABLE_PRESENCE_BROADCAST_LEGACY;
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration.NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP;
@@ -88,7 +89,8 @@
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         when(mBroadcastListener.asBinder()).thenReturn(mBinder);
-        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+        mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
         DeviceConfig.setProperty(
                 NAMESPACE, NEARBY_ENABLE_PRESENCE_BROADCAST_LEGACY, "true", false);
         DeviceConfig.setProperty(
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreCommunicationTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreCommunicationTest.java
index ce479c8..01028bf 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreCommunicationTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreCommunicationTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration.NEARBY_MAINLINE_NANO_APP_MIN_VERSION;
 import static com.android.server.nearby.provider.ChreCommunication.INVALID_NANO_APP_VERSION;
@@ -76,7 +77,8 @@
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation()
-                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                        READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
         DeviceConfig.setProperty(
                 NAMESPACE, NEARBY_MAINLINE_NANO_APP_MIN_VERSION, "1", false);
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
index 590a46e..7f391f1 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/ChreDiscoveryProviderTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 
 import static com.android.server.nearby.NearbyConfiguration.NEARBY_SUPPORT_TEST_APP;
 
@@ -84,7 +85,8 @@
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation()
-                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+                .adoptShellPermissionIdentity(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                        READ_DEVICE_CONFIG);
 
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
diff --git a/networksecurity/OWNERS b/networksecurity/OWNERS
index 1a4130a..0c838c0 100644
--- a/networksecurity/OWNERS
+++ b/networksecurity/OWNERS
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Bug component: 1479456
 
+bessiej@google.com
 sandrom@google.com
 tweek@google.com
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/Android.bp b/networksecurity/service/Android.bp
index 52667ae..f27acb7 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/Android.bp
+++ b/networksecurity/service/Android.bp
@@ -32,6 +32,16 @@
         "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
     ],
 
+    static_libs: [
+        "auto_value_annotations",
+        "android.security.flags-aconfig-java-export",
+    ],
+
+    plugins: [
+        "auto_value_plugin",
+        "auto_annotation_plugin",
+    ],
+
     // This is included in service-connectivity which is 30+
     // TODO (b/293613362): allow APEXes to have service jars with higher min_sdk than the APEX
     // (service-connectivity is only used on 31+) and use 31 here
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java
index b2ef345..d16a760 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloader.java
@@ -13,12 +13,14 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import android.app.DownloadManager;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
-import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
@@ -28,13 +30,14 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
+import com.android.server.net.ct.DownloadHelper.DownloadStatus;
+
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
-import java.security.KeyFactory;
-import java.security.Signature;
-import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
-import java.util.Base64;
 
 /** Helper class to download certificate transparency log files. */
 @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
@@ -42,53 +45,28 @@
 
     private static final String TAG = "CertificateTransparencyDownloader";
 
-    // TODO: move key to a DeviceConfig flag.
-    private static final byte[] PUBLIC_KEY_BYTES =
-            Base64.getDecoder()
-                    .decode(
-                            "MIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAsu0BHGnQ++W2CTdyZyxv"
-                                + "HHRALOZPlnu/VMVgo2m+JZ8MNbAOH2cgXb8mvOj8flsX/qPMuKIaauO+PwROMjiq"
-                                + "fUpcFm80Kl7i97ZQyBDYKm3MkEYYpGN+skAR2OebX9G2DfDqFY8+jUpOOWtBNr3L"
-                                + "rmVcwx+FcFdMjGDlrZ5JRmoJ/SeGKiORkbbu9eY1Wd0uVhz/xI5bQb0OgII7hEj+"
-                                + "i/IPbJqOHgB8xQ5zWAJJ0DmG+FM6o7gk403v6W3S8qRYiR84c50KppGwe4YqSMkF"
-                                + "bLDleGQWLoaDSpEWtESisb4JiLaY4H+Kk0EyAhPSb+49JfUozYl+lf7iFN3qRq/S"
-                                + "IXXTh6z0S7Qa8EYDhKGCrpI03/+qprwy+my6fpWHi6aUIk4holUCmWvFxZDfixox"
-                                + "K0RlqbFDl2JXMBquwlQpm8u5wrsic1ksIv9z8x9zh4PJqNpCah0ciemI3YGRQqSe"
-                                + "/mRRXBiSn9YQBUPcaeqCYan+snGADFwHuXCd9xIAdFBolw9R9HTedHGUfVXPJDiF"
-                                + "4VusfX6BRR/qaadB+bqEArF/TzuDUr6FvOR4o8lUUxgLuZ/7HO+bHnaPFKYHHSm+"
-                                + "+z1lVDhhYuSZ8ax3T0C3FZpb7HMjZtpEorSV5ElKJEJwrhrBCMOD8L01EoSPrGlS"
-                                + "1w22i9uGHMn/uGQKo28u7AsCAwEAAQ==");
-
     private final Context mContext;
     private final DataStore mDataStore;
     private final DownloadHelper mDownloadHelper;
+    private final SignatureVerifier mSignatureVerifier;
     private final CertificateTransparencyInstaller mInstaller;
-    private final byte[] mPublicKey;
 
-    @VisibleForTesting
     CertificateTransparencyDownloader(
             Context context,
             DataStore dataStore,
             DownloadHelper downloadHelper,
-            CertificateTransparencyInstaller installer,
-            byte[] publicKey) {
+            SignatureVerifier signatureVerifier,
+            CertificateTransparencyInstaller installer) {
         mContext = context;
+        mSignatureVerifier = signatureVerifier;
         mDataStore = dataStore;
         mDownloadHelper = downloadHelper;
         mInstaller = installer;
-        mPublicKey = publicKey;
     }
 
-    CertificateTransparencyDownloader(Context context, DataStore dataStore) {
-        this(
-                context,
-                dataStore,
-                new DownloadHelper(context),
-                new CertificateTransparencyInstaller(),
-                PUBLIC_KEY_BYTES);
-    }
+    void initialize() {
+        mInstaller.addCompatibilityVersion(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION);
 
-    void registerReceiver() {
         IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
         intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE);
         mContext.registerReceiver(this, intentFilter, Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
@@ -98,24 +76,31 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void startMetadataDownload(String metadataUrl) {
-        long downloadId = download(metadataUrl);
-        if (downloadId == -1) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Metadata download request failed for " + metadataUrl);
-            return;
+    long startPublicKeyDownload() {
+        long downloadId = download(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_URL));
+        if (downloadId != -1) {
+            mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
+            mDataStore.store();
         }
-        mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_URL_KEY, downloadId);
-        mDataStore.store();
+        return downloadId;
     }
 
-    void startContentDownload(String contentUrl) {
-        long downloadId = download(contentUrl);
-        if (downloadId == -1) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Content download request failed for " + contentUrl);
-            return;
+    long startMetadataDownload() {
+        long downloadId = download(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL));
+        if (downloadId != -1) {
+            mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
+            mDataStore.store();
         }
-        mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_URL_KEY, downloadId);
-        mDataStore.store();
+        return downloadId;
+    }
+
+    long startContentDownload() {
+        long downloadId = download(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL));
+        if (downloadId != -1) {
+            mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
+            mDataStore.store();
+        }
+        return downloadId;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -132,6 +117,11 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        if (isPublicKeyDownloadId(completedId)) {
+            handlePublicKeyDownloadCompleted(completedId);
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (isMetadataDownloadId(completedId)) {
             handleMetadataDownloadCompleted(completedId);
             return;
@@ -142,23 +132,53 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        Log.e(TAG, "Download id " + completedId + " is neither metadata nor content.");
+        Log.i(TAG, "Download id " + completedId + " is not recognized.");
     }
 
-    private void handleMetadataDownloadCompleted(long downloadId) {
-        if (!mDownloadHelper.isSuccessful(downloadId)) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Metadata download failed.");
-            // TODO: re-attempt download
+    private void handlePublicKeyDownloadCompleted(long downloadId) {
+        DownloadStatus status = mDownloadHelper.getDownloadStatus(downloadId);
+        if (!status.isSuccessful()) {
+            handleDownloadFailed(status);
             return;
         }
 
-        startContentDownload(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL_PENDING));
+        Uri publicKeyUri = getPublicKeyDownloadUri();
+        if (publicKeyUri == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid public key URI");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKeyFrom(publicKeyUri);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException | IOException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error setting the public Key", e);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (startMetadataDownload() == -1) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Metadata download not started.");
+        } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Metadata download started successfully.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleMetadataDownloadCompleted(long downloadId) {
+        DownloadStatus status = mDownloadHelper.getDownloadStatus(downloadId);
+        if (!status.isSuccessful()) {
+            handleDownloadFailed(status);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (startContentDownload() == -1) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Content download not started.");
+        } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Content download started successfully.");
+        }
     }
 
     private void handleContentDownloadCompleted(long downloadId) {
-        if (!mDownloadHelper.isSuccessful(downloadId)) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Content download failed.");
-            // TODO: re-attempt download
+        DownloadStatus status = mDownloadHelper.getDownloadStatus(downloadId);
+        if (!status.isSuccessful()) {
+            handleDownloadFailed(status);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -171,7 +191,7 @@
 
         boolean success = false;
         try {
-            success = verify(contentUri, metadataUri);
+            success = mSignatureVerifier.verify(contentUri, metadataUri);
         } catch (IOException | GeneralSecurityException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Could not verify new log list", e);
         }
@@ -180,13 +200,17 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        // TODO: validate file content.
-
-        String version = mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION_PENDING);
-        String contentUrl = mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL_PENDING);
-        String metadataUrl = mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL_PENDING);
+        String version = null;
         try (InputStream inputStream = mContext.getContentResolver().openInputStream(contentUri)) {
-            success = mInstaller.install(inputStream, version);
+            version = new JSONObject(new String(inputStream.readAllBytes(), UTF_8))
+                    .getString("version");
+        } catch (JSONException | IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Could not extract version from log list", e);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try (InputStream inputStream = mContext.getContentResolver().openInputStream(contentUri)) {
+            success = mInstaller.install(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION, inputStream, version);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Could not install new content", e);
             return;
@@ -195,25 +219,46 @@
         if (success) {
             // Update information about the stored version on successful install.
             mDataStore.setProperty(Config.VERSION, version);
-            mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL, contentUrl);
-            mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL, metadataUrl);
+
+            // Reset the number of consecutive log list failure updates back to zero.
+            mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* value= */ 0);
             mDataStore.store();
+        } else {
+            if (updateFailureCount()) {
+                // TODO(378626065): Report FAILURE_VERSION_ALREADY_EXISTS failure via statsd.
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    private boolean verify(Uri file, Uri signature) throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
-        Signature verifier = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
-        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
-        verifier.initVerify(keyFactory.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(mPublicKey)));
-        ContentResolver contentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+    private void handleDownloadFailed(DownloadStatus status) {
+        Log.e(TAG, "Download failed with " + status);
 
-        try (InputStream fileStream = contentResolver.openInputStream(file);
-                InputStream signatureStream = contentResolver.openInputStream(signature)) {
-            verifier.update(fileStream.readAllBytes());
-            return verifier.verify(signatureStream.readAllBytes());
+        if (updateFailureCount()) {
+            // TODO(378626065): Report download failure via statsd.
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Updates the data store with the current number of consecutive log list update failures.
+     *
+     * @return whether the failure count exceeds the threshold and should be logged.
+     */
+    private boolean updateFailureCount() {
+        int failure_count = mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0);
+        int new_failure_count = failure_count + 1;
+
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, new_failure_count);
+        mDataStore.store();
+
+        boolean shouldReport = new_failure_count >= Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD;
+        if (shouldReport) {
+            Log.e(TAG,
+                    "Log list update failure count exceeds threshold: " + new_failure_count);
+        }
+        return shouldReport;
+    }
+
     private long download(String url) {
         try {
             return mDownloadHelper.startDownload(url);
@@ -224,20 +269,59 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
+    long getPublicKeyDownloadId() {
+        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    long getMetadataDownloadId() {
+        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    long getContentDownloadId() {
+        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_DOWNLOAD_ID, -1);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasPublicKeyDownloadId() {
+        return getPublicKeyDownloadId() != -1;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasMetadataDownloadId() {
+        return getMetadataDownloadId() != -1;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasContentDownloadId() {
+        return getContentDownloadId() != -1;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean isPublicKeyDownloadId(long downloadId) {
+        return getPublicKeyDownloadId() == downloadId;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
     boolean isMetadataDownloadId(long downloadId) {
-        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_URL_KEY, -1) == downloadId;
+        return getMetadataDownloadId() == downloadId;
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     boolean isContentDownloadId(long downloadId) {
-        return mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_URL_KEY, -1) == downloadId;
+        return getContentDownloadId() == downloadId;
+    }
+
+    private Uri getPublicKeyDownloadUri() {
+        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getPublicKeyDownloadId());
     }
 
     private Uri getMetadataDownloadUri() {
-        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_URL_KEY, -1));
+        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getMetadataDownloadId());
     }
 
     private Uri getContentDownloadUri() {
-        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(mDataStore.getPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_URL_KEY, -1));
+        return mDownloadHelper.getUri(getContentDownloadId());
     }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener.java
index a263546..3138ea7 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener.java
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
-import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig.Properties;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
 /** Listener class for the Certificate Transparency Phenotype flags. */
@@ -32,17 +32,21 @@
     private static final String TAG = "CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener";
 
     private final DataStore mDataStore;
+    private final SignatureVerifier mSignatureVerifier;
     private final CertificateTransparencyDownloader mCertificateTransparencyDownloader;
 
-    CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener(Context context) {
-        mDataStore = new DataStore(Config.PREFERENCES_FILE);
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader =
-                new CertificateTransparencyDownloader(context, mDataStore);
+    CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener(
+            DataStore dataStore,
+            SignatureVerifier signatureVerifier,
+            CertificateTransparencyDownloader certificateTransparencyDownloader) {
+        mDataStore = dataStore;
+        mSignatureVerifier = signatureVerifier;
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader = certificateTransparencyDownloader;
     }
 
     void initialize() {
         mDataStore.load();
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.registerReceiver();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.initialize();
         DeviceConfig.addOnPropertiesChangedListener(
                 Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), this);
         if (Config.DEBUG) {
@@ -57,21 +61,35 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        String newPublicKey =
+                DeviceConfig.getString(
+                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
+                        Config.FLAG_PUBLIC_KEY,
+                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
         String newVersion =
-                DeviceConfig.getString(Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Config.FLAG_VERSION, "");
+                DeviceConfig.getString(
+                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
+                        Config.FLAG_VERSION,
+                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
         String newContentUrl =
                 DeviceConfig.getString(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Config.FLAG_CONTENT_URL, "");
+                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
+                        Config.FLAG_CONTENT_URL,
+                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
         String newMetadataUrl =
                 DeviceConfig.getString(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Config.FLAG_METADATA_URL, "");
-        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(newVersion)
+                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
+                        Config.FLAG_METADATA_URL,
+                        /* defaultValue= */ "");
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(newPublicKey)
+                || TextUtils.isEmpty(newVersion)
                 || TextUtils.isEmpty(newContentUrl)
                 || TextUtils.isEmpty(newMetadataUrl)) {
             return;
         }
 
         if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "newPublicKey=" + newPublicKey);
             Log.d(TAG, "newVersion=" + newVersion);
             Log.d(TAG, "newContentUrl=" + newContentUrl);
             Log.d(TAG, "newMetadataUrl=" + newMetadataUrl);
@@ -88,13 +106,23 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        try {
+            mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(newPublicKey);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error setting the public Key", e);
+            return;
+        }
+
         // TODO: handle the case where there is already a pending download.
 
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.VERSION_PENDING, newVersion);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL_PENDING, newContentUrl);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL_PENDING, newMetadataUrl);
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL, newContentUrl);
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL, newMetadataUrl);
         mDataStore.store();
 
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload(newMetadataUrl);
+        if (mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload() == -1) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Metadata download not started.");
+        } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Metadata download started successfully.");
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstaller.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstaller.java
index 82dcadf..9970667 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstaller.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstaller.java
@@ -15,148 +15,78 @@
  */
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
-import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /** Installer of CT log lists. */
 public class CertificateTransparencyInstaller {
 
     private static final String TAG = "CertificateTransparencyInstaller";
-    private static final String CT_DIR_NAME = "/data/misc/keychain/ct/";
 
-    static final String LOGS_DIR_PREFIX = "logs-";
-    static final String LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME = "log_list.json";
-    static final String CURRENT_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME = "current";
+    private final Map<String, CompatibilityVersion> mCompatVersions = new HashMap<>();
 
-    private final File mCertificateTransparencyDir;
-    private final File mCurrentDirSymlink;
+    // The CT root directory.
+    private final File mRootDirectory;
 
-    CertificateTransparencyInstaller(File certificateTransparencyDir) {
-        mCertificateTransparencyDir = certificateTransparencyDir;
-        mCurrentDirSymlink = new File(certificateTransparencyDir, CURRENT_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME);
+    public CertificateTransparencyInstaller(File rootDirectory) {
+        mRootDirectory = rootDirectory;
     }
 
-    CertificateTransparencyInstaller() {
-        this(new File(CT_DIR_NAME));
+    public CertificateTransparencyInstaller(String rootDirectoryPath) {
+        this(new File(rootDirectoryPath));
+    }
+
+    public CertificateTransparencyInstaller() {
+        this(Config.CT_ROOT_DIRECTORY_PATH);
+    }
+
+    void addCompatibilityVersion(String versionName) {
+        removeCompatibilityVersion(versionName);
+        CompatibilityVersion newCompatVersion =
+                new CompatibilityVersion(new File(mRootDirectory, versionName));
+        mCompatVersions.put(versionName, newCompatVersion);
+    }
+
+    void removeCompatibilityVersion(String versionName) {
+        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion = mCompatVersions.remove(versionName);
+        if (compatVersion != null && !compatVersion.delete()) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Could not delete compatibility version directory.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    CompatibilityVersion getCompatibilityVersion(String versionName) {
+        return mCompatVersions.get(versionName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Install a new log list to use during SCT verification.
      *
+     * @param compatibilityVersion the compatibility version of the new log list
      * @param newContent an input stream providing the log list
-     * @param version the version of the new log list
+     * @param version the minor version of the new log list
      * @return true if the log list was installed successfully, false otherwise.
      * @throws IOException if the list cannot be saved in the CT directory.
      */
-    public boolean install(InputStream newContent, String version) throws IOException {
-        // To support atomically replacing the old configuration directory with the new there's a
-        // bunch of steps. We create a new directory with the logs and then do an atomic update of
-        // the current symlink to point to the new directory.
-        // 1. Ensure that the update dir exists and is readable.
-        makeDir(mCertificateTransparencyDir);
-
-        File newLogsDir = new File(mCertificateTransparencyDir, LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + version);
-        // 2. Handle the corner case where the new directory already exists.
-        if (newLogsDir.exists()) {
-            // If the symlink has already been updated then the update died between steps 6 and 7
-            // and so we cannot delete the directory since it is in use.
-            if (newLogsDir.getCanonicalPath().equals(mCurrentDirSymlink.getCanonicalPath())) {
-                deleteOldLogDirectories();
-                return false;
-            }
-            // If the symlink has not been updated then the previous installation failed and this is
-            // a re-attempt. Clean-up leftover files and try again.
-            deleteContentsAndDir(newLogsDir);
-        }
-        try {
-            // 3. Create /data/misc/keychain/ct/logs-<new_version>/ .
-            makeDir(newLogsDir);
-
-            // 4. Move the log list json file in logs-<new_version>/ .
-            File logListFile = new File(newLogsDir, LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
-            if (Files.copy(newContent, logListFile.toPath()) == 0) {
-                throw new IOException("The log list appears empty");
-            }
-            setWorldReadable(logListFile);
-
-            // 5. Create temp symlink. We rename this to the target symlink to get an atomic update.
-            File tempSymlink = new File(mCertificateTransparencyDir, "new_symlink");
-            try {
-                Os.symlink(newLogsDir.getCanonicalPath(), tempSymlink.getCanonicalPath());
-            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                throw new IOException("Failed to create symlink", e);
-            }
-
-            // 6. Update the symlink target, this is the actual update step.
-            tempSymlink.renameTo(mCurrentDirSymlink.getAbsoluteFile());
-        } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
-            deleteContentsAndDir(newLogsDir);
-            throw e;
-        }
-        Log.i(TAG, "CT log directory updated to " + newLogsDir.getAbsolutePath());
-        // 7. Cleanup
-        deleteOldLogDirectories();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    private void makeDir(File dir) throws IOException {
-        dir.mkdir();
-        if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
-            throw new IOException("Unable to make directory " + dir.getCanonicalPath());
-        }
-        setWorldReadable(dir);
-    }
-
-    // CT files and directories are readable by all apps.
-    @SuppressLint("SetWorldReadable")
-    private void setWorldReadable(File file) throws IOException {
-        if (!file.setReadable(true, false)) {
-            throw new IOException("Failed to set " + file.getCanonicalPath() + " readable");
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void deleteOldLogDirectories() throws IOException {
-        if (!mCertificateTransparencyDir.exists()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        File currentTarget = mCurrentDirSymlink.getCanonicalFile();
-        for (File file : mCertificateTransparencyDir.listFiles()) {
-            if (!currentTarget.equals(file.getCanonicalFile())
-                    && file.getName().startsWith(LOGS_DIR_PREFIX)) {
-                deleteContentsAndDir(file);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    static boolean deleteContentsAndDir(File dir) {
-        if (deleteContents(dir)) {
-            return dir.delete();
-        } else {
+    public boolean install(String compatibilityVersion, InputStream newContent, String version)
+            throws IOException {
+        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion = mCompatVersions.get(compatibilityVersion);
+        if (compatVersion == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "No compatibility version for " + compatibilityVersion);
             return false;
         }
-    }
+        // Ensure root directory exists and is readable.
+        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mRootDirectory);
 
-    private static boolean deleteContents(File dir) {
-        File[] files = dir.listFiles();
-        boolean success = true;
-        if (files != null) {
-            for (File file : files) {
-                if (file.isDirectory()) {
-                    success &= deleteContents(file);
-                }
-                if (!file.delete()) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "Failed to delete " + file);
-                    success = false;
-                }
-            }
+        if (!compatVersion.install(newContent, version)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to install logs version " + version);
+            return false;
         }
-        return success;
+        Log.i(TAG, "New logs installed at " + compatVersion.getLogsDir());
+        return true;
     }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyJob.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyJob.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abede87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyJob.java
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net.ct;
+
+import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ConfigUpdate;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+/** Implementation of the Certificate Transparency job */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+public class CertificateTransparencyJob extends BroadcastReceiver {
+
+    private static final String TAG = "CertificateTransparencyJob";
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final DataStore mDataStore;
+    private final CertificateTransparencyDownloader mCertificateTransparencyDownloader;
+    private final AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
+
+    private boolean mDependenciesReady = false;
+
+    /** Creates a new {@link CertificateTransparencyJob} object. */
+    public CertificateTransparencyJob(
+            Context context,
+            DataStore dataStore,
+            CertificateTransparencyDownloader certificateTransparencyDownloader) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mDataStore = dataStore;
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader = certificateTransparencyDownloader;
+        mAlarmManager = context.getSystemService(AlarmManager.class);
+    }
+
+    void initialize() {
+        mContext.registerReceiver(
+                this,
+                new IntentFilter(ConfigUpdate.ACTION_UPDATE_CT_LOGS),
+                Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED);
+        mAlarmManager.setInexactRepeating(
+                AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME,
+                SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), // schedule first job at earliest convenient time.
+                AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY,
+                PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                        mContext,
+                        0,
+                        new Intent(ConfigUpdate.ACTION_UPDATE_CT_LOGS),
+                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
+
+        if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "CertificateTransparencyJob scheduled successfully.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        if (!ConfigUpdate.ACTION_UPDATE_CT_LOGS.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Received unexpected broadcast with action " + intent);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Starting CT daily job.");
+        }
+        if (!mDependenciesReady) {
+            mDataStore.load();
+            mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.initialize();
+            mDependenciesReady = true;
+        }
+
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL, Config.URL_LOG_LIST);
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL, Config.URL_SIGNATURE);
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_URL, Config.URL_PUBLIC_KEY);
+        mDataStore.store();
+
+        if (mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload() == -1) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Public key download not started.");
+        } else if (Config.DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Public key download started successfully.");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
index edf7c56..6151727 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
@@ -13,15 +13,20 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
+import static android.security.Flags.certificateTransparencyConfiguration;
+
+import static com.android.net.ct.flags.Flags.certificateTransparencyJob;
+import static com.android.net.ct.flags.Flags.certificateTransparencyService;
+
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ct.ICertificateTransparencyManager;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 
-import com.android.net.ct.flags.Flags;
 import com.android.server.SystemService;
 
 /** Implementation of the Certificate Transparency service. */
@@ -29,19 +34,36 @@
 public class CertificateTransparencyService extends ICertificateTransparencyManager.Stub {
 
     private final CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener mFlagsListener;
+    private final CertificateTransparencyJob mCertificateTransparencyJob;
 
     /**
      * @return true if the CertificateTransparency service is enabled.
      */
     public static boolean enabled(Context context) {
         return DeviceConfig.getBoolean(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Config.FLAG_SERVICE_ENABLED, false)
-                && Flags.certificateTransparencyService();
+                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY,
+                        Config.FLAG_SERVICE_ENABLED,
+                        /* defaultValue= */ true)
+                && certificateTransparencyService()
+                && certificateTransparencyConfiguration();
     }
 
     /** Creates a new {@link CertificateTransparencyService} object. */
     public CertificateTransparencyService(Context context) {
-        mFlagsListener = new CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener(context);
+        DataStore dataStore = new DataStore(Config.PREFERENCES_FILE);
+        DownloadHelper downloadHelper = new DownloadHelper(context);
+        SignatureVerifier signatureVerifier = new SignatureVerifier(context);
+        CertificateTransparencyDownloader downloader =
+                new CertificateTransparencyDownloader(
+                        context,
+                        dataStore,
+                        downloadHelper,
+                        signatureVerifier,
+                        new CertificateTransparencyInstaller());
+        mFlagsListener =
+                new CertificateTransparencyFlagsListener(dataStore, signatureVerifier, downloader);
+        mCertificateTransparencyJob =
+                new CertificateTransparencyJob(context, dataStore, downloader);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -50,10 +72,13 @@
      * @see com.android.server.SystemService#onBootPhase
      */
     public void onBootPhase(int phase) {
-
         switch (phase) {
             case SystemService.PHASE_BOOT_COMPLETED:
-                mFlagsListener.initialize();
+                if (certificateTransparencyJob()) {
+                    mCertificateTransparencyJob.initialize();
+                } else {
+                    mFlagsListener.initialize();
+                }
                 break;
             default:
         }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersion.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersion.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27488b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CompatibilityVersion.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net.ct;
+
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+
+/** Represents a compatibility version directory. */
+class CompatibilityVersion {
+
+    static final String LOGS_DIR_PREFIX = "logs-";
+    static final String LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME = "log_list.json";
+
+    private static final String CURRENT_LOGS_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME = "current";
+
+    private final File mRootDirectory;
+    private final File mCurrentLogsDirSymlink;
+
+    private File mCurrentLogsDir = null;
+
+    CompatibilityVersion(File rootDirectory) {
+        mRootDirectory = rootDirectory;
+        mCurrentLogsDirSymlink = new File(mRootDirectory, CURRENT_LOGS_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Installs a log list within this compatibility version directory.
+     *
+     * @param newContent an input stream providing the log list
+     * @param version the version number of the log list
+     * @return true if the log list was installed successfully, false otherwise.
+     * @throws IOException if the list cannot be saved in the CT directory.
+     */
+    boolean install(InputStream newContent, String version) throws IOException {
+        // To support atomically replacing the old configuration directory with the new there's a
+        // bunch of steps. We create a new directory with the logs and then do an atomic update of
+        // the current symlink to point to the new directory.
+        // 1. Ensure that the root directory exists and is readable.
+        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mRootDirectory);
+
+        File newLogsDir = new File(mRootDirectory, LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + version);
+        // 2. Handle the corner case where the new directory already exists.
+        if (newLogsDir.exists()) {
+            // If the symlink has already been updated then the update died between steps 6 and 7
+            // and so we cannot delete the directory since it is in use.
+            if (newLogsDir.getCanonicalPath().equals(mCurrentLogsDirSymlink.getCanonicalPath())) {
+                deleteOldLogDirectories();
+                return false;
+            }
+            // If the symlink has not been updated then the previous installation failed and this is
+            // a re-attempt. Clean-up leftover files and try again.
+            DirectoryUtils.removeDir(newLogsDir);
+        }
+        try {
+            // 3. Create a new logs-<new_version>/ directory to store the new list.
+            DirectoryUtils.makeDir(newLogsDir);
+
+            // 4. Move the log list json file in logs-<new_version>/ .
+            File logListFile = new File(newLogsDir, LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
+            if (Files.copy(newContent, logListFile.toPath()) == 0) {
+                throw new IOException("The log list appears empty");
+            }
+            DirectoryUtils.setWorldReadable(logListFile);
+
+            // 5. Create temp symlink. We rename this to the target symlink to get an atomic update.
+            File tempSymlink = new File(mRootDirectory, "new_symlink");
+            try {
+                Os.symlink(newLogsDir.getCanonicalPath(), tempSymlink.getCanonicalPath());
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                throw new IOException("Failed to create symlink", e);
+            }
+
+            // 6. Update the symlink target, this is the actual update step.
+            tempSymlink.renameTo(mCurrentLogsDirSymlink.getAbsoluteFile());
+        } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
+            DirectoryUtils.removeDir(newLogsDir);
+            throw e;
+        }
+        // 7. Cleanup
+        mCurrentLogsDir = newLogsDir;
+        deleteOldLogDirectories();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    File getRootDir() {
+        return mRootDirectory;
+    }
+
+    File getLogsDir() {
+        return mCurrentLogsDir;
+    }
+
+    File getLogsDirSymlink() {
+        return mCurrentLogsDirSymlink;
+    }
+
+    File getLogsFile() {
+        return new File(mCurrentLogsDir, LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
+    }
+
+    boolean delete() {
+        return DirectoryUtils.removeDir(mRootDirectory);
+    }
+
+    private void deleteOldLogDirectories() throws IOException {
+        if (!mRootDirectory.exists()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        File currentTarget = mCurrentLogsDirSymlink.getCanonicalFile();
+        for (File file : mRootDirectory.listFiles()) {
+            if (!currentTarget.equals(file.getCanonicalFile())
+                    && file.getName().startsWith(LOGS_DIR_PREFIX)) {
+                DirectoryUtils.removeDir(file);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java
index 2a6b8e2..aafee60 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/Config.java
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
     private static final String PREFERENCES_FILE_NAME = "ct.preferences";
     static final File PREFERENCES_FILE = new File(DEVICE_PROTECTED_DATA_DIR, PREFERENCES_FILE_NAME);
 
+    // CT directory
+    static final String CT_ROOT_DIRECTORY_PATH = "/data/misc/keychain/ct/";
+    static final String COMPATIBILITY_VERSION = "v1";
+
     // Phenotype flags
     static final String NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY = "network_security";
     private static final String FLAGS_PREFIX = "CertificateTransparencyLogList__";
@@ -40,14 +44,24 @@
     static final String FLAG_CONTENT_URL = FLAGS_PREFIX + "content_url";
     static final String FLAG_METADATA_URL = FLAGS_PREFIX + "metadata_url";
     static final String FLAG_VERSION = FLAGS_PREFIX + "version";
+    static final String FLAG_PUBLIC_KEY = FLAGS_PREFIX + "public_key";
 
     // properties
-    static final String VERSION_PENDING = "version_pending";
     static final String VERSION = "version";
-    static final String CONTENT_URL_PENDING = "content_url_pending";
     static final String CONTENT_URL = "content_url";
-    static final String CONTENT_URL_KEY = "content_url_key";
-    static final String METADATA_URL_PENDING = "metadata_url_pending";
+    static final String CONTENT_DOWNLOAD_ID = "content_download_id";
     static final String METADATA_URL = "metadata_url";
-    static final String METADATA_URL_KEY = "metadata_url_key";
+    static final String METADATA_DOWNLOAD_ID = "metadata_download_id";
+    static final String PUBLIC_KEY_URL = "public_key_url";
+    static final String PUBLIC_KEY_DOWNLOAD_ID = "public_key_download_id";
+    static final String LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT = "log_list_update_failure_count";
+
+    // URLs
+    static final String URL_PREFIX = "https://www.gstatic.com/android/certificate_transparency/";
+    static final String URL_LOG_LIST = URL_PREFIX + "log_list.json";
+    static final String URL_SIGNATURE = URL_PREFIX + "log_list.sig";
+    static final String URL_PUBLIC_KEY = URL_PREFIX + "log_list.pub";
+
+    // Threshold amounts
+    static final int LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD = 10;
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java
index cd6aebf..3779269 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DataStore.java
@@ -64,4 +64,12 @@
     Object setPropertyLong(String key, long value) {
         return setProperty(key, Long.toString(value));
     }
+
+    int getPropertyInt(String key, int defaultValue) {
+        return Optional.ofNullable(getProperty(key)).map(Integer::parseInt).orElse(defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    Object setPropertyInt(String key, int value) {
+        return setProperty(key, Integer.toString(value));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DirectoryUtils.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DirectoryUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba42a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DirectoryUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net.ct;
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/** Utility class to manipulate CT directories. */
+class DirectoryUtils {
+
+    static void makeDir(File dir) throws IOException {
+        dir.mkdir();
+        if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
+            throw new IOException("Unable to make directory " + dir.getCanonicalPath());
+        }
+        setWorldReadable(dir);
+        // Needed for the log list file to be accessible.
+        setWorldExecutable(dir);
+    }
+
+    // CT files and directories are readable by all apps.
+    @SuppressLint("SetWorldReadable")
+    static void setWorldReadable(File file) throws IOException {
+        if (!file.setReadable(/* readable= */ true, /* ownerOnly= */ false)) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to set " + file.getCanonicalPath() + " readable");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // CT directories are executable by all apps, to allow access to the log list by anything on the
+    // device.
+    static void setWorldExecutable(File file) throws IOException {
+        if (!file.isDirectory()) {
+            // Only directories need to be marked as executable to allow for access
+            // to the files inside.
+            // See https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/linux-file-permissions-explained for more details.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!file.setExecutable(/* executable= */ true, /* ownerOnly= */ false)) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to set " + file.getCanonicalPath() + " executable");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static boolean removeDir(File dir) {
+        return deleteContentsAndDir(dir);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean deleteContentsAndDir(File dir) {
+        if (deleteContents(dir)) {
+            return dir.delete();
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean deleteContents(File dir) {
+        File[] files = dir.listFiles();
+        boolean success = true;
+        if (files != null) {
+            for (File file : files) {
+                if (file.isDirectory()) {
+                    success &= deleteContents(file);
+                }
+                if (!file.delete()) {
+                    success = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return success;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DownloadHelper.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DownloadHelper.java
index cc8c4c0..5748416 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DownloadHelper.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/DownloadHelper.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
+import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
+
 /** Class to handle downloads for Certificate Transparency. */
 public class DownloadHelper {
 
@@ -53,25 +55,22 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns true if the specified download completed successfully.
+     * Returns the status of the provided download id.
      *
      * @param downloadId the download.
-     * @return true if the download completed successfully.
+     * @return {@link DownloadStatus} of the download.
      */
-    public boolean isSuccessful(long downloadId) {
+    public DownloadStatus getDownloadStatus(long downloadId) {
+        DownloadStatus.Builder builder = DownloadStatus.builder().setDownloadId(downloadId);
         try (Cursor cursor = mDownloadManager.query(new Query().setFilterById(downloadId))) {
-            if (cursor == null) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
-                int status =
-                        cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS));
-                if (DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL == status) {
-                    return true;
-                }
+            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
+                builder.setStatus(
+                        cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS)));
+                builder.setReason(
+                        cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_REASON)));
             }
         }
-        return false;
+        return builder.build();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -87,4 +86,58 @@
         }
         return mDownloadManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadId);
     }
+
+    /** A wrapper around the status and reason Ids returned by the {@link DownloadManager}. */
+    @AutoValue
+    public abstract static class DownloadStatus {
+
+        abstract long downloadId();
+
+        abstract int status();
+
+        abstract int reason();
+
+        boolean isSuccessful() {
+            return status() == DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL;
+        }
+
+        boolean isStorageError() {
+            int status = status();
+            int reason = reason();
+            return status == DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED
+                    && (reason == DownloadManager.ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND
+                            || reason == DownloadManager.ERROR_FILE_ERROR
+                            || reason == DownloadManager.ERROR_FILE_ALREADY_EXISTS
+                            || reason == DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE);
+        }
+
+        boolean isHttpError() {
+            int status = status();
+            int reason = reason();
+            return status == DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED
+                    && (reason == DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR
+                            || reason == DownloadManager.ERROR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS
+                            || reason == DownloadManager.ERROR_UNHANDLED_HTTP_CODE
+                            // If an HTTP error occurred, reason will hold the HTTP status code.
+                            || (400 <= reason && reason < 600));
+        }
+
+        @AutoValue.Builder
+        abstract static class Builder {
+            abstract Builder setDownloadId(long downloadId);
+
+            abstract Builder setStatus(int status);
+
+            abstract Builder setReason(int reason);
+
+            abstract DownloadStatus build();
+        }
+
+        static Builder builder() {
+            return new AutoValue_DownloadHelper_DownloadStatus.Builder()
+                    .setDownloadId(-1)
+                    .setStatus(-1)
+                    .setReason(-1);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/SignatureVerifier.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/SignatureVerifier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b775ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/SignatureVerifier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net.ct;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
+import java.security.KeyFactory;
+import java.security.PublicKey;
+import java.security.Signature;
+import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/** Verifier of the log list signature. */
+@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+public class SignatureVerifier {
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    @NonNull private Optional<PublicKey> mPublicKey = Optional.empty();
+
+    public SignatureVerifier(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    Optional<PublicKey> getPublicKey() {
+        return mPublicKey;
+    }
+
+    void resetPublicKey() {
+        mPublicKey = Optional.empty();
+    }
+
+    void setPublicKeyFrom(Uri file) throws GeneralSecurityException, IOException {
+        try (InputStream fileStream = mContext.getContentResolver().openInputStream(file)) {
+            setPublicKey(new String(fileStream.readAllBytes()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setPublicKey(String publicKey) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+        setPublicKey(
+                KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA")
+                        .generatePublic(
+                                new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey))));
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void setPublicKey(PublicKey publicKey) {
+        mPublicKey = Optional.of(publicKey);
+    }
+
+    boolean verify(Uri file, Uri signature) throws GeneralSecurityException, IOException {
+        if (!mPublicKey.isPresent()) {
+            throw new InvalidKeyException("Missing public key for signature verification");
+        }
+        Signature verifier = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
+        verifier.initVerify(mPublicKey.get());
+        ContentResolver contentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+
+        try (InputStream fileStream = contentResolver.openInputStream(file);
+                InputStream signatureStream = contentResolver.openInputStream(signature)) {
+            verifier.update(fileStream.readAllBytes());
+            return verifier.verify(signatureStream.readAllBytes());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java
index a056c35..4748043 100644
--- a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java
+++ b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest.java
@@ -18,19 +18,27 @@
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
 import android.app.DownloadManager;
+import android.app.DownloadManager.Query;
+import android.app.DownloadManager.Request;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.database.Cursor;
+import android.database.MatrixCursor;
 import android.net.Uri;
 
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -48,168 +56,488 @@
 import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.security.KeyPair;
 import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
-import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.security.PrivateKey;
+import java.security.PublicKey;
 import java.security.Signature;
+import java.util.Base64;
 
 /** Tests for the {@link CertificateTransparencyDownloader}. */
 @RunWith(JUnit4.class)
 public class CertificateTransparencyDownloaderTest {
 
-    @Mock private DownloadHelper mDownloadHelper;
+    @Mock private DownloadManager mDownloadManager;
     @Mock private CertificateTransparencyInstaller mCertificateTransparencyInstaller;
 
     private PrivateKey mPrivateKey;
+    private PublicKey mPublicKey;
     private Context mContext;
     private File mTempFile;
     private DataStore mDataStore;
+    private SignatureVerifier mSignatureVerifier;
     private CertificateTransparencyDownloader mCertificateTransparencyDownloader;
 
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
-        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+    private long mNextDownloadId = 666;
 
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         KeyPairGenerator instance = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
         KeyPair keyPair = instance.generateKeyPair();
         mPrivateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
+        mPublicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
 
         mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext();
         mTempFile = File.createTempFile("datastore-test", ".properties");
         mDataStore = new DataStore(mTempFile);
-        mDataStore.load();
-
+        mSignatureVerifier = new SignatureVerifier(mContext);
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader =
                 new CertificateTransparencyDownloader(
                         mContext,
                         mDataStore,
-                        mDownloadHelper,
-                        mCertificateTransparencyInstaller,
-                        keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded());
+                        new DownloadHelper(mDownloadManager),
+                        mSignatureVerifier,
+                        mCertificateTransparencyInstaller);
+
+        prepareDataStore();
+        prepareDownloadManager();
     }
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() {
         mTempFile.delete();
+        mSignatureVerifier.resetPublicKey();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_startPublicKeyDownload() {
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasPublicKeyDownloadId()).isFalse();
+        long downloadId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasPublicKeyDownloadId()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isPublicKeyDownloadId(downloadId)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_startMetadataDownload() {
-        String metadataUrl = "http://test-metadata.org";
-        long downloadId = 666;
-        when(mDownloadHelper.startDownload(metadataUrl)).thenReturn(downloadId);
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
+        long downloadId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
 
-        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isMetadataDownloadId(downloadId)).isFalse();
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload(metadataUrl);
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isTrue();
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isMetadataDownloadId(downloadId)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDownloader_startContentDownload() {
-        String contentUrl = "http://test-content.org";
-        long downloadId = 666;
-        when(mDownloadHelper.startDownload(contentUrl)).thenReturn(downloadId);
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
+        long downloadId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
 
-        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isContentDownloadId(downloadId)).isFalse();
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload(contentUrl);
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isTrue();
         assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isContentDownloadId(downloadId)).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDownloader_handleMetadataCompleteSuccessful() {
-        long metadataId = 123;
-        mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_URL_KEY, metadataId);
-        when(mDownloadHelper.isSuccessful(metadataId)).thenReturn(true);
+    public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadSuccess_updatePublicKey_startMetadataDownload()
+            throws Exception {
+        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(publicKeyId, writePublicKeyToFile(mPublicKey));
 
-        long contentId = 666;
-        String contentUrl = "http://test-content.org";
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL_PENDING, contentUrl);
-        when(mDownloadHelper.startDownload(contentUrl)).thenReturn(contentId);
-
+        assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId));
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId));
 
-        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.isContentDownloadId(contentId)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).hasValue(mPublicKey);
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isTrue();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDownloader_handleMetadataCompleteFailed() {
-        long metadataId = 123;
-        mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_URL_KEY, metadataId);
-        when(mDownloadHelper.isSuccessful(metadataId)).thenReturn(false);
+    public void
+            testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadSuccess_updatePublicKeyFail_doNotStartMetadataDownload()
+                    throws Exception {
+        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(
+                publicKeyId, writeToFile("i_am_not_a_base64_encoded_public_key".getBytes()));
 
-        String contentUrl = "http://test-content.org";
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL_PENDING, contentUrl);
-
+        assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId));
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId));
 
-        verify(mDownloadHelper, never()).startDownload(contentUrl);
+        assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testDownloader_handleContentCompleteInstallSuccessful() throws Exception {
-        String version = "666";
-        long contentId = 666;
-        File logListFile = File.createTempFile("log_list", "json");
-        Uri contentUri = Uri.fromFile(logListFile);
-        long metadataId = 123;
+    public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadFail_doNotUpdatePublicKey() throws Exception {
+        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+        setFailedDownload(
+                publicKeyId, // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId);
+
+        assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mSignatureVerifier.getPublicKey()).isEmpty();
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasMetadataDownloadId()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
+                throws Exception {
+        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
+        setFailedDownload(
+                publicKeyId, // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify logged failure via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_publicKeyDownloadFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
+                throws Exception {
+        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
+        setFailedDownload(
+                publicKeyId, // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(1);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify no failure logged via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadSuccess_startContentDownload() {
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, new File("log_list.sig"));
+
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId));
+
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadFail_doNotStartContentDownload() {
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setFailedDownload(
+                metadataId,
+                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId);
+
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.hasContentDownloadId()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
+                throws Exception {
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
+        setFailedDownload(
+                metadataId,
+                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify logged failure via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_metadataDownloadFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
+                throws Exception {
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
+        setFailedDownload(
+                metadataId,
+                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(1);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify no failure logged via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installSuccess_updateDataStore()
+            throws Exception {
+        String newVersion = "456";
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile(newVersion);
         File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
-        Uri metadataUri = Uri.fromFile(metadataFile);
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
+        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
+                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
+                .thenReturn(true);
 
-        setUpDownloadComplete(version, metadataId, metadataUri, contentId, contentUri);
-        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(any(), eq(version))).thenReturn(true);
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
 
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION)).isNull();
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL)).isNull();
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL)).isNull();
+        assertInstallSuccessful(newVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadFail_doNotInstall() throws Exception {
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        setFailedDownload(
+                contentId,
+                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, never()).install(any(), any(), any());
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
+                throws Exception {
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
+        setFailedDownload(
+                contentId,
+                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify logged failure via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
+                throws Exception {
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
+        setFailedDownload(
+                contentId,
+                // Failure cases where we give up on the download.
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE,
+                DownloadManager.ERROR_HTTP_DATA_ERROR);
+        Intent downloadCompleteIntent = makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(mContext, downloadCompleteIntent);
+
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(1);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify no failure logged via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installFail_doNotUpdateDataStore()
+            throws Exception {
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
+        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
+        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
+                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void
+            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installFail_failureThresholdExceeded_logsFailure()
+                    throws Exception {
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
+        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT,
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD - 1);
+        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
+                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
+                .thenReturn(false);
 
         mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
                 mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
 
-        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, times(1)).install(any(), eq(version));
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_THRESHOLD);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify logged failure via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void
+            testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_installFail_failureThresholdNotMet_doesNotLog()
+                    throws Exception {
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
+        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
+        // Set the failure count to just below the threshold
+        mDataStore.setPropertyInt(Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, 0);
+        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
+                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getPropertyInt(
+                Config.LOG_LIST_UPDATE_FAILURE_COUNT, /* defaultValue= */ 0))
+                        .isEqualTo(1);
+        // TODO(378626065): Verify no failure logged via statsd.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_verificationFail_doNotInstall()
+            throws Exception {
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
+        File metadataFile = File.createTempFile("log_list-wrong_metadata", "sig");
+        mSignatureVerifier.setPublicKey(mPublicKey);
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
+
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+
+        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, never())
+                .install(eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString());
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_contentDownloadSuccess_missingVerificationPublicKey_doNotInstall()
+            throws Exception {
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile("456");
+        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
+        mSignatureVerifier.resetPublicKey();
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startMetadataDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startContentDownload();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
+
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+
+        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, never())
+                .install(eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString());
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloader_endToEndSuccess_installNewVersion() throws Exception {
+        String newVersion = "456";
+        File logListFile = makeLogListFile(newVersion);
+        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
+        File publicKeyFile = writePublicKeyToFile(mPublicKey);
+
+        assertNoVersionIsInstalled();
+
+        // 1. Start download of public key.
+        long publicKeyId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.startPublicKeyDownload();
+
+        // 2. On successful public key download, set the key and start the metatadata download.
+        setSuccessfulDownload(publicKeyId, publicKeyFile);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(publicKeyId));
+
+        // 3. On successful metadata download, start the content download.
+        long metadataId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getMetadataDownloadId();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(metadataId, metadataFile);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(metadataId));
+
+        // 4. On successful content download, verify the signature and install the new version.
+        long contentId = mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.getContentDownloadId();
+        setSuccessfulDownload(contentId, logListFile);
+        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
+                        eq(Config.COMPATIBILITY_VERSION), any(), anyString()))
+                .thenReturn(true);
+
+        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
+                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
+
+        assertInstallSuccessful(newVersion);
+    }
+
+    private void assertNoVersionIsInstalled() {
+        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION)).isNull();
+    }
+
+    private void assertInstallSuccessful(String version) {
         assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION)).isEqualTo(version);
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL)).isEqualTo(contentUri.toString());
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL)).isEqualTo(metadataUri.toString());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDownloader_handleContentCompleteInstallFails() throws Exception {
-        String version = "666";
-        long contentId = 666;
-        File logListFile = File.createTempFile("log_list", "json");
-        Uri contentUri = Uri.fromFile(logListFile);
-        long metadataId = 123;
-        File metadataFile = sign(logListFile);
-        Uri metadataUri = Uri.fromFile(metadataFile);
-
-        setUpDownloadComplete(version, metadataId, metadataUri, contentId, contentUri);
-        when(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(any(), eq(version))).thenReturn(false);
-
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
-
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION)).isNull();
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL)).isNull();
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL)).isNull();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDownloader_handleContentCompleteVerificationFails() throws IOException {
-        String version = "666";
-        long contentId = 666;
-        Uri contentUri = Uri.fromFile(File.createTempFile("log_list", "json"));
-        long metadataId = 123;
-        Uri metadataUri = Uri.fromFile(File.createTempFile("log_list-wrong_metadata", "sig"));
-
-        setUpDownloadComplete(version, metadataId, metadataUri, contentId, contentUri);
-
-        mCertificateTransparencyDownloader.onReceive(
-                mContext, makeDownloadCompleteIntent(contentId));
-
-        verify(mCertificateTransparencyInstaller, never()).install(any(), eq(version));
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.VERSION)).isNull();
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL)).isNull();
-        assertThat(mDataStore.getProperty(Config.METADATA_URL)).isNull();
     }
 
     private Intent makeDownloadCompleteIntent(long downloadId) {
@@ -217,19 +545,76 @@
                 .putExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, downloadId);
     }
 
-    private void setUpDownloadComplete(
-            String version, long metadataId, Uri metadataUri, long contentId, Uri contentUri)
-            throws IOException {
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.VERSION_PENDING, version);
+    private void prepareDataStore() {
+        mDataStore.load();
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL, Config.URL_LOG_LIST);
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL, Config.URL_SIGNATURE);
+        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.PUBLIC_KEY_URL, Config.URL_PUBLIC_KEY);
+    }
 
-        mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.METADATA_URL_KEY, metadataId);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.METADATA_URL_PENDING, metadataUri.toString());
-        when(mDownloadHelper.getUri(metadataId)).thenReturn(metadataUri);
+    private void prepareDownloadManager() {
+        when(mDownloadManager.enqueue(any(Request.class)))
+                .thenAnswer(invocation -> mNextDownloadId++);
+    }
 
-        mDataStore.setPropertyLong(Config.CONTENT_URL_KEY, contentId);
-        mDataStore.setProperty(Config.CONTENT_URL_PENDING, contentUri.toString());
-        when(mDownloadHelper.isSuccessful(contentId)).thenReturn(true);
-        when(mDownloadHelper.getUri(contentId)).thenReturn(contentUri);
+    private Cursor makeSuccessfulDownloadCursor() {
+        MatrixCursor cursor =
+                new MatrixCursor(
+                        new String[] {
+                            DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS, DownloadManager.COLUMN_REASON
+                        });
+        cursor.addRow(new Object[] {DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL, -1});
+        return cursor;
+    }
+
+    private void setSuccessfulDownload(long downloadId, File file) {
+        when(mDownloadManager.query(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(makeSuccessfulDownloadCursor());
+        when(mDownloadManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadId)).thenReturn(Uri.fromFile(file));
+    }
+
+    private Cursor makeFailedDownloadCursor(int error) {
+        MatrixCursor cursor =
+                new MatrixCursor(
+                        new String[] {
+                            DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS, DownloadManager.COLUMN_REASON
+                        });
+        cursor.addRow(new Object[] {DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED, error});
+        return cursor;
+    }
+
+    private void setFailedDownload(long downloadId, int... downloadManagerErrors) {
+        Cursor first = makeFailedDownloadCursor(downloadManagerErrors[0]);
+        Cursor[] others = new Cursor[downloadManagerErrors.length - 1];
+        for (int i = 1; i < downloadManagerErrors.length; i++) {
+            others[i - 1] = makeFailedDownloadCursor(downloadManagerErrors[i]);
+        }
+        when(mDownloadManager.query(any())).thenReturn(first, others);
+        when(mDownloadManager.getUriForDownloadedFile(downloadId)).thenReturn(null);
+    }
+
+    private File writePublicKeyToFile(PublicKey publicKey)
+            throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
+        return writeToFile(Base64.getEncoder().encode(publicKey.getEncoded()));
+    }
+
+    private File writeToFile(byte[] bytes) throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
+        File file = File.createTempFile("temp_file", "tmp");
+
+        try (OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
+            outputStream.write(bytes);
+        }
+
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    private File makeLogListFile(String version) throws IOException, JSONException {
+        File logListFile = File.createTempFile("log_list", "json");
+
+        try (OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(logListFile)) {
+            outputStream.write(new JSONObject().put("version", version).toString().getBytes(UTF_8));
+        }
+
+        return logListFile;
     }
 
     private File sign(File file) throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
diff --git a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest.java b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest.java
index bfb8bdf..50d3f23 100644
--- a/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest.java
+++ b/networksecurity/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest.java
@@ -17,11 +17,9 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
-
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -39,98 +37,134 @@
 @RunWith(JUnit4.class)
 public class CertificateTransparencyInstallerTest {
 
+    private static final String TEST_VERSION = "test-v1";
+
     private File mTestDir =
             new File(
                     InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getContext().getFilesDir(),
                     "test-dir");
-    private File mTestSymlink =
-            new File(mTestDir, CertificateTransparencyInstaller.CURRENT_DIR_SYMLINK_NAME);
     private CertificateTransparencyInstaller mCertificateTransparencyInstaller =
             new CertificateTransparencyInstaller(mTestDir);
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
-        CertificateTransparencyInstaller.deleteContentsAndDir(mTestDir);
+        mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.addCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.removeCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
+        DirectoryUtils.removeDir(mTestDir);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_installSuccessful() throws IOException {
+        assertThat(mTestDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
+        String content = "i_am_compatible";
+        String version = "i_am_version";
+        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
+                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
+
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(content)) {
+            assertThat(compatVersion.install(inputStream, version)).isTrue();
+        }
+        File logsDir = compatVersion.getLogsDir();
+        assertThat(logsDir.exists()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logsDir.isDirectory()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logsDir.getAbsolutePath())
+                .startsWith(mTestDir.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + TEST_VERSION);
+        File logsListFile = compatVersion.getLogsFile();
+        assertThat(logsListFile.exists()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logsListFile.getAbsolutePath()).startsWith(logsDir.getAbsolutePath());
+        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(content);
+        File logsSymlink = compatVersion.getLogsDirSymlink();
+        assertThat(logsSymlink.exists()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logsSymlink.isDirectory()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logsSymlink.getAbsolutePath())
+                .startsWith(mTestDir.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + TEST_VERSION + "/current");
+        assertThat(logsSymlink.getCanonicalPath()).isEqualTo(logsDir.getCanonicalPath());
+
+        assertThat(compatVersion.delete()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logsDir.exists()).isFalse();
+        assertThat(logsSymlink.exists()).isFalse();
+        assertThat(logsListFile.exists()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompatibilityVersion_versionInstalledFailed() throws IOException {
+        assertThat(mTestDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
+
+        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
+                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
+        File rootDir = compatVersion.getRootDir();
+        assertThat(rootDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
+
+        String existingVersion = "666";
+        File existingLogDir =
+                new File(rootDir, CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + existingVersion);
+        assertThat(existingLogDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
+
+        String existingContent = "somebody_tried_to_install_me_but_failed_halfway_through";
+        File logsListFile = new File(existingLogDir, CompatibilityVersion.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
+        assertThat(logsListFile.createNewFile()).isTrue();
+        writeToFile(logsListFile, existingContent);
+
+        String newContent = "i_am_the_real_content";
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(newContent)) {
+            assertThat(compatVersion.install(inputStream, existingVersion)).isTrue();
+        }
+
+        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(newContent);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCertificateTransparencyInstaller_installSuccessfully() throws IOException {
         String content = "i_am_a_certificate_and_i_am_transparent";
         String version = "666";
-        boolean success = false;
 
         try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(content)) {
-            success = mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(inputStream, version);
+            assertThat(
+                            mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
+                                    TEST_VERSION, inputStream, version))
+                    .isTrue();
         }
 
-        assertThat(success).isTrue();
         assertThat(mTestDir.exists()).isTrue();
         assertThat(mTestDir.isDirectory()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mTestSymlink.exists()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mTestSymlink.isDirectory()).isTrue();
-
-        File logsDir =
-                new File(mTestDir, CertificateTransparencyInstaller.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + version);
+        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
+                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
+        File logsDir = compatVersion.getLogsDir();
         assertThat(logsDir.exists()).isTrue();
         assertThat(logsDir.isDirectory()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mTestSymlink.getCanonicalPath()).isEqualTo(logsDir.getCanonicalPath());
-
-        File logsListFile = new File(logsDir, CertificateTransparencyInstaller.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
+        assertThat(logsDir.getAbsolutePath())
+                .startsWith(mTestDir.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + TEST_VERSION);
+        File logsListFile = compatVersion.getLogsFile();
         assertThat(logsListFile.exists()).isTrue();
+        assertThat(logsListFile.getAbsolutePath()).startsWith(logsDir.getAbsolutePath());
         assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(content);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCertificateTransparencyInstaller_versionIsAlreadyInstalled()
-            throws IOException, ErrnoException {
+            throws IOException {
         String existingVersion = "666";
         String existingContent = "i_was_already_installed_successfully";
-        File existingLogDir =
-                new File(
-                        mTestDir,
-                        CertificateTransparencyInstaller.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + existingVersion);
-        assertThat(mTestDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(existingLogDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-        Os.symlink(existingLogDir.getCanonicalPath(), mTestSymlink.getCanonicalPath());
-        File logsListFile =
-                new File(existingLogDir, CertificateTransparencyInstaller.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
-        logsListFile.createNewFile();
-        writeToFile(logsListFile, existingContent);
-        boolean success = false;
+        CompatibilityVersion compatVersion =
+                mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.getCompatibilityVersion(TEST_VERSION);
+
+        DirectoryUtils.makeDir(mTestDir);
+        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(existingContent)) {
+            assertThat(compatVersion.install(inputStream, existingVersion)).isTrue();
+        }
 
         try (InputStream inputStream = asStream("i_will_be_ignored")) {
-            success = mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(inputStream, existingVersion);
+            assertThat(
+                            mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(
+                                    TEST_VERSION, inputStream, existingVersion))
+                    .isFalse();
         }
 
-        assertThat(success).isFalse();
-        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(existingContent);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCertificateTransparencyInstaller_versionInstalledFailed()
-            throws IOException, ErrnoException {
-        String existingVersion = "666";
-        String existingContent = "somebody_tried_to_install_me_but_failed_halfway_through";
-        String newContent = "i_am_the_real_certificate";
-        File existingLogDir =
-                new File(
-                        mTestDir,
-                        CertificateTransparencyInstaller.LOGS_DIR_PREFIX + existingVersion);
-        assertThat(mTestDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-        assertThat(existingLogDir.mkdir()).isTrue();
-        File logsListFile =
-                new File(existingLogDir, CertificateTransparencyInstaller.LOGS_LIST_FILE_NAME);
-        logsListFile.createNewFile();
-        writeToFile(logsListFile, existingContent);
-        boolean success = false;
-
-        try (InputStream inputStream = asStream(newContent)) {
-            success = mCertificateTransparencyInstaller.install(inputStream, existingVersion);
-        }
-
-        assertThat(success).isTrue();
-        assertThat(mTestSymlink.getCanonicalPath()).isEqualTo(existingLogDir.getCanonicalPath());
-        assertThat(readAsString(logsListFile)).isEqualTo(newContent);
+        assertThat(readAsString(compatVersion.getLogsFile())).isEqualTo(existingContent);
     }
 
     private static InputStream asStream(String string) throws IOException {
diff --git a/service-b/Android.bp b/service-b/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47439ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-b/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_enigma",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// TODO: b/380331248 This lib is a non-jarjared version of "service-connectivity-b-platform"
+// It will only be included in the Tethering module when the build system flag
+// RELEASE_MOVE_VCN_TO_MAINLINE is enabled. Including "service-connectivity-b-platform"
+// in Tethering will break art branch check because that lib lives in framework/base.
+// Once VCN is moved to Connectivity/, "service-connectivity-b-platform" can be cleaned up.
+java_library {
+    name: "service-connectivity-b-pre-jarjar",
+    defaults: ["service-connectivity-b-pre-jarjar-defaults"],
+    libs: ["service-connectivity-pre-jarjar"],
+
+    sdk_version: "system_server_current",
+
+    // TODO(b/210962470): Bump this to B
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/service-t/Android.bp b/service-t/Android.bp
index 787e94e..d2e2a80 100644
--- a/service-t/Android.bp
+++ b/service-t/Android.bp
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
     min_sdk_version: "21",
     lint: {
         error_checks: ["NewApi"],
-
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline-service-connectivity-mdns-standalone-build-test.xml",
     },
     srcs: [
         "src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/**/*.java",
diff --git a/service-t/lint-baseline-service-connectivity-mdns-standalone-build-test.xml b/service-t/lint-baseline-service-connectivity-mdns-standalone-build-test.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..232d31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/lint-baseline-service-connectivity-mdns-standalone-build-test.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,972 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha08" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha08">
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java"
+            line="37"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java"
+            line="37"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java"
+            line="37"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java"
+            line="37"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java"
+            line="37"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
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+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/NetworkTraceHandler.h b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/NetworkTraceHandler.h
index 6bf186a..dd6ed2e 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/NetworkTraceHandler.h
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/NetworkTraceHandler.h
@@ -88,6 +88,13 @@
   // Connects to the system Perfetto daemon and registers the trace handler.
   static void InitPerfettoTracing();
 
+  // This prevents Perfetto from holding the data source lock when calling
+  // OnSetup, OnStart, or OnStop. The lock is still held by the LockedHandle
+  // returned by GetDataSourceLocked. Disabling this lock prevents a deadlock
+  // where OnStop holds this lock waiting for the poller to stop, but the poller
+  // is running the callback that is trying to acquire the lock.
+  static constexpr bool kRequiresCallbacksUnderLock = false;
+
   // When isTest is true, skip non-hermetic code.
   NetworkTraceHandler(bool isTest = false) : mIsTest(isTest) {}
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
index 0adb290..fe1db3b 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
@@ -1943,6 +1943,8 @@
                 .setCachedServicesRetentionTime(mDeps.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
                         MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_CACHED_SERVICES_RETENTION_TIME,
                         MdnsFeatureFlags.DEFAULT_CACHED_SERVICES_RETENTION_TIME_MILLISECONDS))
+                .setIsShortHostnamesEnabled(mDeps.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                        mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_USE_SHORT_HOSTNAMES))
                 .setOverrideProvider(new MdnsFeatureFlags.FlagOverrideProvider() {
                     @Override
                     public boolean isForceEnabledForTest(@NonNull String flag) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
index f55db93..81ba530 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
@@ -139,11 +139,8 @@
                 // Base service type
                 questions.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(serviceTypeLabels, expectUnicastResponse));
                 for (String subtype : subtypes) {
-                    final String[] labels = new String[serviceTypeLabels.length + 2];
-                    labels[0] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_PREFIX + subtype;
-                    labels[1] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_LABEL;
-                    System.arraycopy(serviceTypeLabels, 0, labels, 2, serviceTypeLabels.length);
-
+                    final String[] labels = MdnsUtils.constructFullSubtype(serviceTypeLabels,
+                            MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_PREFIX + subtype);
                     questions.add(new MdnsPointerRecord(labels, expectUnicastResponse));
                 }
             }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index 9c52eca..54f7ca3 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@
          * Generates a unique hostname to be used by the device.
          */
         @NonNull
-        public String[] generateHostname() {
+        public String[] generateHostname(boolean useShortFormat) {
             // Generate a very-probably-unique hostname. This allows minimizing possible conflicts
             // to the point that probing for it is no longer necessary (as per RFC6762 8.1 last
             // paragraph), and does not leak more information than what could already be obtained by
@@ -127,10 +128,24 @@
             // Having a different hostname per interface is an acceptable option as per RFC6762 14.
             // This hostname will change every time the interface is reconnected, so this does not
             // allow tracking the device.
-            // TODO: consider deriving a hostname from other sources, such as the IPv6 addresses
-            // (reusing the same privacy-protecting mechanics).
-            return new String[] {
-                    "Android_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""), LOCAL_TLD };
+            if (useShortFormat) {
+                // A short hostname helps reduce the size of APF mDNS filtering programs, and
+                // is necessary for compatibility with some Matter 1.0 devices which assumed
+                // 16 characters is the maximum length.
+                // Generate a hostname matching Android_[0-9A-Z]{8}, which has 36^8 possibilities.
+                // Even with 100 devices advertising the probability of collision is around 2E-9,
+                // which is negligible.
+                final SecureRandom sr = new SecureRandom();
+                final String allowedChars = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+                final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(8);
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    sb.append(allowedChars.charAt(sr.nextInt(allowedChars.length())));
+                }
+                return new String[]{ "Android_" + sb.toString(), LOCAL_TLD };
+            } else {
+                return new String[]{
+                        "Android_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""), LOCAL_TLD};
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -825,7 +840,7 @@
         mCb = cb;
         mSocketProvider = socketProvider;
         mDeps = deps;
-        mDeviceHostName = deps.generateHostname();
+        mDeviceHostName = deps.generateHostname(mDnsFeatureFlags.isShortHostnamesEnabled());
         mSharedLog = sharedLog;
         mMdnsFeatureFlags = mDnsFeatureFlags;
         final ConnectivityResources res = new ConnectivityResources(context);
@@ -943,7 +958,7 @@
         mRegistrations.remove(id);
         // Regenerates host name when registrations removed.
         if (mRegistrations.size() == 0) {
-            mDeviceHostName = mDeps.generateHostname();
+            mDeviceHostName = mDeps.generateHostname(mMdnsFeatureFlags.isShortHostnamesEnabled());
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
index b16d8bd..c833422 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsDiscoveryManager.java
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
@@ -210,9 +210,22 @@
 
         void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
             synchronized (pendingTasks) {
-                MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
+                HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler);
             }
         }
+
+        public void runWithScissorsForDumpIfReady(@NonNull Runnable function) {
+            final Handler handler;
+            synchronized (pendingTasks) {
+                if (this.handler == null) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "The handler is not ready. Ignore the DiscoveryManager dump");
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    handler = this.handler;
+                }
+            }
+            HandlerUtils.runWithScissorsForDump(handler, function, 10_000);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -469,7 +482,7 @@
      * Dump DiscoveryManager state.
      */
     public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
-        discoveryExecutor.checkAndRunOnHandlerThread(() -> {
+        discoveryExecutor.runWithScissorsForDumpIfReady(() -> {
             pw.println("Clients:");
             // Dump ServiceTypeClients
             for (MdnsServiceTypeClient serviceTypeClient
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
index 4e27fef..1cf5e4d 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
@@ -81,6 +81,12 @@
     public static final String NSD_CACHED_SERVICES_REMOVAL = "nsd_cached_services_removal";
 
     /**
+     * A feature flag to control whether to use shorter (16 characters + .local) hostnames, instead
+     * of Android_[32 characters] hostnames.
+     */
+    public static final String NSD_USE_SHORT_HOSTNAMES = "nsd_use_short_hostnames";
+
+    /**
      * A feature flag to control the retention time for cached services.
      *
      * <p> Making the retention time configurable allows for testing and future adjustments.
@@ -89,6 +95,11 @@
             "nsd_cached_services_retention_time";
     public static final int DEFAULT_CACHED_SERVICES_RETENTION_TIME_MILLISECONDS = 10000;
 
+    /**
+     * A feature flag to control whether the accurate delay callback should be enabled.
+     */
+    public static final String NSD_ACCURATE_DELAY_CALLBACK = "nsd_accurate_delay_callback";
+
     // Flag for offload feature
     public final boolean mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled;
 
@@ -122,6 +133,12 @@
     // Retention Time for cached services
     public final long mCachedServicesRetentionTime;
 
+    // Flag for accurate delay callback
+    public final boolean mIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled;
+
+    // Flag to use shorter (16 characters + .local) hostnames
+    public final boolean mIsShortHostnamesEnabled;
+
     @Nullable
     private final FlagOverrideProvider mOverrideProvider;
 
@@ -217,6 +234,18 @@
                 NSD_CACHED_SERVICES_RETENTION_TIME, (int) mCachedServicesRetentionTime);
     }
 
+    public boolean isShortHostnamesEnabled() {
+        return mIsShortHostnamesEnabled || isForceEnabledForTest(NSD_USE_SHORT_HOSTNAMES);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether {@link #NSD_ACCURATE_DELAY_CALLBACK} is enabled, including for testing.
+     */
+    public boolean isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled() {
+        return mIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled
+                || isForceEnabledForTest(NSD_ACCURATE_DELAY_CALLBACK);
+    }
+
     /**
      * The constructor for {@link MdnsFeatureFlags}.
      */
@@ -231,6 +260,8 @@
             boolean avoidAdvertisingEmptyTxtRecords,
             boolean isCachedServicesRemovalEnabled,
             long cachedServicesRetentionTime,
+            boolean isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled,
+            boolean isShortHostnamesEnabled,
             @Nullable FlagOverrideProvider overrideProvider) {
         mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled = isOffloadFeatureEnabled;
         mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing = includeInetAddressRecordsInProbing;
@@ -243,6 +274,8 @@
         mAvoidAdvertisingEmptyTxtRecords = avoidAdvertisingEmptyTxtRecords;
         mIsCachedServicesRemovalEnabled = isCachedServicesRemovalEnabled;
         mCachedServicesRetentionTime = cachedServicesRetentionTime;
+        mIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled = isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled;
+        mIsShortHostnamesEnabled = isShortHostnamesEnabled;
         mOverrideProvider = overrideProvider;
     }
 
@@ -266,6 +299,8 @@
         private boolean mAvoidAdvertisingEmptyTxtRecords;
         private boolean mIsCachedServicesRemovalEnabled;
         private long mCachedServicesRetentionTime;
+        private boolean mIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled;
+        private boolean mIsShortHostnamesEnabled;
         private FlagOverrideProvider mOverrideProvider;
 
         /**
@@ -283,6 +318,8 @@
             mAvoidAdvertisingEmptyTxtRecords = true; // Default enabled.
             mIsCachedServicesRemovalEnabled = false;
             mCachedServicesRetentionTime = DEFAULT_CACHED_SERVICES_RETENTION_TIME_MILLISECONDS;
+            mIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled = false;
+            mIsShortHostnamesEnabled = true; // Default enabled.
             mOverrideProvider = null;
         }
 
@@ -409,6 +446,26 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Set whether the accurate delay callback is enabled.
+         *
+         * @see #NSD_ACCURATE_DELAY_CALLBACK
+         */
+        public Builder setIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled(boolean isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled) {
+            mIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled = isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether the short hostnames feature is enabled.
+         *
+         * @see #NSD_USE_SHORT_HOSTNAMES
+         */
+        public Builder setIsShortHostnamesEnabled(boolean isShortHostnamesEnabled) {
+            mIsShortHostnamesEnabled = isShortHostnamesEnabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Builds a {@link MdnsFeatureFlags} with the arguments supplied to this builder.
          */
         public MdnsFeatureFlags build() {
@@ -423,6 +480,8 @@
                     mAvoidAdvertisingEmptyTxtRecords,
                     mIsCachedServicesRemovalEnabled,
                     mCachedServicesRetentionTime,
+                    mIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled,
+                    mIsShortHostnamesEnabled,
                     mOverrideProvider);
         }
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java
index 4399f2d..3eae3c7 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInetAddressRecord.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 
-import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /** An mDNS "AAAA" or "A" record, which holds an IPv6 or IPv4 address. */
-@VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
 public class MdnsInetAddressRecord extends MdnsRecord {
     @Nullable private Inet6Address inet6Address;
     @Nullable private Inet4Address inet4Address;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
index 0b2003f..58defa9 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
@@ -416,13 +416,6 @@
         // recvbuf and src are reused after this returns; ensure references to src are not kept.
         final InetSocketAddress srcCopy = new InetSocketAddress(src.getAddress(), src.getPort());
 
-        if (DBG) {
-            mSharedLog.v("Parsed packet with " + packet.questions.size() + " questions, "
-                    + packet.answers.size() + " answers, "
-                    + packet.authorityRecords.size() + " authority, "
-                    + packet.additionalRecords.size() + " additional from " + srcCopy);
-        }
-
         Map<Integer, Integer> conflictingServices =
                 mRecordRepository.getConflictingServices(packet);
 
@@ -440,7 +433,14 @@
         // answer. One exception is simultaneous probe tiebreaking (rfc6762 8.2), in which case the
         // conflicting service is still probing and won't reply either.
         final MdnsReplyInfo answers = mRecordRepository.getReply(packet, srcCopy);
-
+        // Dump the query packet.
+        if (DBG || answers != null) {
+            mSharedLog.v("Parsed packet with transactionId(" + packet.transactionId + "): "
+                    + packet.questions.size() + " questions, "
+                    + packet.answers.size() + " answers, "
+                    + packet.authorityRecords.size() + " authority, "
+                    + packet.additionalRecords.size() + " additional from " + srcCopy);
+        }
         if (answers == null) return;
         mReplySender.queueReply(answers);
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
index c575d40..36fad31 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java
index e84cead..cfd8e9a 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -167,9 +168,7 @@
      * @return true if probing was in progress, false if this was a no-op
      */
     public boolean stop(int id) {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("stop can only be called from the looper thread");
-        }
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         // Since this is run on the looper thread, messages cannot be currently processing and are
         // all in the handler queue; unless this method is called from a message, but the current
         // message cannot be cancelled.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java
index 39bf653..e8f5e71 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPointerRecord.java
@@ -18,15 +18,12 @@
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 
-import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
-
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
 /** An mDNS "PTR" record, which holds a name (the "pointer"). */
-@VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
 public class MdnsPointerRecord extends MdnsRecord {
     private String[] pointer;
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsQueryScheduler.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsQueryScheduler.java
index cfeca5d..7495aec 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsQueryScheduler.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsQueryScheduler.java
@@ -16,9 +16,14 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
 /**
  * The query scheduler class for calculating next query tasks parameters.
  * <p>
@@ -26,6 +31,25 @@
  */
 public class MdnsQueryScheduler {
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    // RFC 6762 5.2: The interval between the first two queries MUST be at least one second.
+    static final int INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS = 1000;
+    private static final int INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS =
+            (int) MdnsConfigs.initialTimeBetweenBurstsMs();
+    private static final int MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS =
+            (int) MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenBurstsMs();
+    private static final int QUERIES_PER_BURST = (int) MdnsConfigs.queriesPerBurst();
+    private static final int TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS =
+            (int) MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenQueriesInBurstMs();
+    private static final int QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE =
+            (int) MdnsConfigs.queriesPerBurstPassive();
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    // Basically this tries to send one query per typical DTIM interval 100ms, to maximize the
+    // chances that a query will be received if devices are using a DTIM multiplier (in which case
+    // they only listen once every [multiplier] DTIM intervals).
+    static final int TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS = 100;
+    static final int MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS = 60000;
+
     /**
      * The argument for tracking the query tasks status.
      */
@@ -72,19 +96,21 @@
         if (mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        if (!mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config.shouldUseQueryBackoff(numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff)) {
+        final QueryTaskConfig lastConfig = mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config;
+        if (!shouldUseQueryBackoff(lastConfig.queryIndex, lastConfig.queryMode,
+                numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff)) {
             return null;
         }
 
         final long timeToRun = calculateTimeToRun(mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs,
-                mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config, now, minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime,
+                lastConfig.queryIndex, lastConfig.queryMode, now, minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime,
                 numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff, false /* forceEnableBackoff */);
 
         if (timeToRun <= mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.timeToRun) {
             return null;
         }
 
-        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config,
+        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(lastConfig,
                 timeToRun,
                 minRemainingTtl + now,
                 sessionId);
@@ -104,17 +130,19 @@
             int queryMode,
             int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff,
             boolean forceEnableBackoff) {
-        final QueryTaskConfig nextRunConfig = currentConfig.getConfigForNextRun(queryMode);
+        final int newQueryIndex = currentConfig.getConfigForNextRun(queryMode).queryIndex;
         long timeToRun;
         if (mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs == null && !forceEnableBackoff) {
-            timeToRun = now + nextRunConfig.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
+            timeToRun = now + getDelayBeforeTaskWithoutBackoff(
+                    newQueryIndex, queryMode);
         } else {
-            timeToRun = calculateTimeToRun(mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs,
-                    nextRunConfig, now, minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime, numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff,
-                    forceEnableBackoff);
+            timeToRun = calculateTimeToRun(mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs, newQueryIndex,
+                    queryMode, now, minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime,
+                    numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff, forceEnableBackoff);
         }
-        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(nextRunConfig, timeToRun,
-                minRemainingTtl + now,
+        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(
+                currentConfig.getConfigForNextRun(queryMode),
+                timeToRun, minRemainingTtl + now,
                 sessionId);
         return mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs;
     }
@@ -131,11 +159,11 @@
     }
 
     private static long calculateTimeToRun(@Nullable ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
-            QueryTaskConfig queryTaskConfig, long now, long minRemainingTtl, long lastSentTime,
+            int queryIndex, int queryMode, long now, long minRemainingTtl, long lastSentTime,
             int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff, boolean forceEnableBackoff) {
-        final long baseDelayInMs = queryTaskConfig.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
+        final long baseDelayInMs = getDelayBeforeTaskWithoutBackoff(queryIndex, queryMode);
         if (!(forceEnableBackoff
-                || queryTaskConfig.shouldUseQueryBackoff(numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff))) {
+                || shouldUseQueryBackoff(queryIndex, queryMode, numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff))) {
             return lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs;
         }
         if (minRemainingTtl <= 0) {
@@ -152,4 +180,93 @@
         }
         return Math.max(now + (long) (0.8 * minRemainingTtl), lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs);
     }
+
+    private static int getBurstIndex(int queryIndex, int queryMode) {
+        if (queryMode == PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE && queryIndex >= QUERIES_PER_BURST) {
+            // In passive mode, after the first burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries, subsequent
+            // bursts have QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE queries.
+            final int queryIndexAfterFirstBurst = queryIndex - QUERIES_PER_BURST;
+            return 1 + (queryIndexAfterFirstBurst / QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE);
+        } else {
+            return queryIndex / QUERIES_PER_BURST;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getQueryIndexInBurst(int queryIndex, int queryMode) {
+        if (queryMode == PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE && queryIndex >= QUERIES_PER_BURST) {
+            final int queryIndexAfterFirstBurst = queryIndex - QUERIES_PER_BURST;
+            return queryIndexAfterFirstBurst % QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE;
+        } else {
+            return queryIndex % QUERIES_PER_BURST;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isFirstBurst(int queryIndex, int queryMode) {
+        return getBurstIndex(queryIndex, queryMode) == 0;
+    }
+
+    static boolean isFirstQueryInBurst(int queryIndex, int queryMode) {
+        return getQueryIndexInBurst(queryIndex, queryMode) == 0;
+    }
+
+    private static long getDelayBeforeTaskWithoutBackoff(int queryIndex, int queryMode) {
+        final int burstIndex = getBurstIndex(queryIndex, queryMode);
+        final int queryIndexInBurst = getQueryIndexInBurst(queryIndex, queryMode);
+        if (queryIndexInBurst == 0) {
+            return getTimeToBurstMs(burstIndex, queryMode);
+        } else if (queryIndexInBurst == 1 && queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
+            // In aggressive mode, the first 2 queries are sent without delay.
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
+                ? TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS
+                : TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shifts a value left by the specified number of bits, coercing to at most maxValue.
+     *
+     * <p>This allows calculating min(value*2^shift, maxValue) without overflow.
+     */
+    private static int boundedLeftShift(int value, int shift, int maxValue) {
+        // There must be at least one leading zero for positive values, so the maximum left shift
+        // without overflow is the number of leading zeros minus one.
+        final int maxShift = Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(value) - 1;
+        if (shift > maxShift) {
+            // The shift would overflow positive integers, so is greater than maxValue.
+            return maxValue;
+        }
+        return Math.min(value << shift, maxValue);
+    }
+
+    private static int getTimeToBurstMs(int burstIndex, int queryMode) {
+        if (burstIndex == 0) {
+            // No delay before the first burst
+            return 0;
+        }
+        switch (queryMode) {
+            case PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE:
+                return MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
+            case AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE:
+                return boundedLeftShift(INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS,
+                        burstIndex - 1,
+                        MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS);
+            default: // ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE
+                return boundedLeftShift(INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS,
+                        burstIndex - 1,
+                        MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if the query backoff should be used.
+     */
+    public static boolean shouldUseQueryBackoff(int queryIndex, int queryMode,
+            int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff) {
+        // Don't enable backoff mode during the burst or in the first burst
+        if (!isFirstQueryInBurst(queryIndex, queryMode) || isFirstBurst(queryIndex, queryMode)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return queryIndex > numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
index c3cb776..bfef5d9 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsRecordRepository.java
@@ -1482,22 +1482,14 @@
 
     private static String[] splitFullyQualifiedName(
             @NonNull NsdServiceInfo info, @NonNull String[] serviceType) {
-        final String[] split = new String[serviceType.length + 1];
-        split[0] = info.getServiceName();
-        System.arraycopy(serviceType, 0, split, 1, serviceType.length);
-
-        return split;
+        return CollectionUtils.prependArray(String.class, serviceType, info.getServiceName());
     }
 
     private static String[] splitServiceType(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo info) {
         // String.split(pattern, 0) removes trailing empty strings, which would appear when
         // splitting "domain.name." (with a dot a the end), so this is what is needed here.
         final String[] split = info.getServiceType().split("\\.", 0);
-        final String[] type = new String[split.length + 1];
-        System.arraycopy(split, 0, type, 0, split.length);
-        type[split.length] = LOCAL_TLD;
-
-        return type;
+        return CollectionUtils.appendArray(String.class, split, LOCAL_TLD);
     }
 
     /** Returns whether there will be an SRV record when registering the {@code info}. */
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
index db3845a..4708cb6 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            if (mEnableDebugLog) mSharedLog.v("Sending " + replyInfo);
+            mSharedLog.log("Sending " + replyInfo);
 
             final int flags = 0x8400; // Response, authoritative (rfc6762 18.4)
             final MdnsPacket packet = new MdnsPacket(flags,
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java
index 22f7a03..4ae8701 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceCache.java
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.DnsUtils.equalsIgnoreDnsCase;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.DnsUtils.toDnsUpperCase;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsResponse.EXPIRATION_NEVER;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 
 import static java.lang.Math.min;
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java
index fd716d2..907e2ff 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceRecord.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 
-import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
-
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -28,7 +26,6 @@
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /** An mDNS "SRV" record, which contains service information. */
-@VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
 public class MdnsServiceRecord extends MdnsRecord {
     public static final int PROTO_NONE = 0;
     public static final int PROTO_TCP = 1;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
index a5dd536..7a93fec 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceCache.ServiceExpiredCallback;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceCache.findMatchedResponse;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.Clock;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -36,15 +38,13 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DnsUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
-import java.net.Inet4Address;
-import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
-import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 public class MdnsServiceTypeClient {
 
     private static final String TAG = MdnsServiceTypeClient.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = MdnsDiscoveryManager.DBG;
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int EVENT_START_QUERYTASK = 1;
     static final int EVENT_QUERY_RESULT = 2;
@@ -95,6 +96,9 @@
     private final boolean removeServiceAfterTtlExpires =
             MdnsConfigs.removeServiceAfterTtlExpires();
     private final Clock clock;
+    // Use TimerFileDescriptor for query scheduling, which allows for more accurate sending of
+    // queries.
+    @NonNull private final TimerFileDescriptor timerFd;
 
     @Nullable private MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions;
 
@@ -140,8 +144,7 @@
         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
             switch (msg.what) {
                 case EVENT_START_QUERYTASK: {
-                    final MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs =
-                            (MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs) msg.obj;
+                    final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs = (ScheduledQueryTaskArgs) msg.obj;
                     // QueryTask should be run immediately after being created (not be scheduled in
                     // advance). Because the result of "makeResponsesForResolve" depends on answers
                     // that were received before it is called, so to take into account all answers
@@ -175,7 +178,7 @@
                     final long now = clock.elapsedRealtime();
                     lastSentTime = now;
                     final long minRemainingTtl = getMinRemainingTtl(now);
-                    MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
+                    final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
                             mdnsQueryScheduler.scheduleNextRun(
                                     sentResult.taskArgs.config,
                                     minRemainingTtl,
@@ -186,10 +189,18 @@
                                     searchOptions.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(),
                                     false /* forceEnableBackoff */
                             );
-                    dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
-                            handler,
-                            handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
-                            calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now, sharedLog));
+                    final long timeToNextTaskMs = calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now);
+                    sharedLog.log(String.format("Query sent with transactionId: %d. "
+                                    + "Next run: sessionId: %d, in %d ms",
+                            sentResult.transactionId, args.sessionId, timeToNextTaskMs));
+                    if (featureFlags.isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled()) {
+                        setDelayedTask(args, timeToNextTaskMs);
+                    } else {
+                        dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                                handler,
+                                handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
+                                timeToNextTaskMs);
+                    }
                     break;
                 }
                 default:
@@ -251,6 +262,14 @@
                 return List.of(new DatagramPacket(queryBuffer, 0, queryBuffer.length, address));
             }
         }
+
+        /**
+         * @see TimerFileDescriptor
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        public TimerFileDescriptor createTimerFd(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+            return new TimerFileDescriptor(handler);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -298,6 +317,7 @@
         this.mdnsQueryScheduler = new MdnsQueryScheduler();
         this.cacheKey = new MdnsServiceCache.CacheKey(serviceType, socketKey);
         this.featureFlags = featureFlags;
+        this.timerFd = dependencies.createTimerFd(handler);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -309,62 +329,18 @@
         serviceCache.unregisterServiceExpiredCallback(cacheKey);
     }
 
-    private static MdnsServiceInfo buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(@NonNull MdnsResponse response,
-            @NonNull String[] serviceTypeLabels, long elapsedRealtimeMillis) {
-        String[] hostName = null;
-        int port = 0;
-        if (response.hasServiceRecord()) {
-            hostName = response.getServiceRecord().getServiceHost();
-            port = response.getServiceRecord().getServicePort();
-        }
-
-        final List<String> ipv4Addresses = new ArrayList<>();
-        final List<String> ipv6Addresses = new ArrayList<>();
-        if (response.hasInet4AddressRecord()) {
-            for (MdnsInetAddressRecord inetAddressRecord : response.getInet4AddressRecords()) {
-                final Inet4Address inet4Address = inetAddressRecord.getInet4Address();
-                ipv4Addresses.add((inet4Address == null) ? null : inet4Address.getHostAddress());
-            }
-        }
-        if (response.hasInet6AddressRecord()) {
-            for (MdnsInetAddressRecord inetAddressRecord : response.getInet6AddressRecords()) {
-                final Inet6Address inet6Address = inetAddressRecord.getInet6Address();
-                ipv6Addresses.add((inet6Address == null) ? null : inet6Address.getHostAddress());
-            }
-        }
-        String serviceInstanceName = response.getServiceInstanceName();
-        if (serviceInstanceName == null) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "mDNS response must have non-null service instance name");
-        }
-        List<String> textStrings = null;
-        List<MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry> textEntries = null;
-        if (response.hasTextRecord()) {
-            textStrings = response.getTextRecord().getStrings();
-            textEntries = response.getTextRecord().getEntries();
-        }
-        Instant now = Instant.now();
-        // TODO: Throw an error message if response doesn't have Inet6 or Inet4 address.
-        return new MdnsServiceInfo(
-                serviceInstanceName,
-                serviceTypeLabels,
-                response.getSubtypes(),
-                hostName,
-                port,
-                ipv4Addresses,
-                ipv6Addresses,
-                textStrings,
-                textEntries,
-                response.getInterfaceIndex(),
-                response.getNetwork(),
-                now.plusMillis(response.getMinRemainingTtl(elapsedRealtimeMillis)));
-    }
-
     private List<MdnsResponse> getExistingServices() {
         return featureFlags.isQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled()
                 ? serviceCache.getCachedServices(cacheKey) : Collections.emptyList();
     }
 
+    private void setDelayedTask(ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args, long timeToNextTaskMs) {
+        timerFd.cancelTask();
+        timerFd.setDelayedTask(new TimerFileDescriptor.MessageTask(
+                        handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args)),
+                timeToNextTaskMs);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Registers {@code listener} for receiving discovery event of mDNS service instances, and
      * starts
@@ -411,7 +387,7 @@
         }
         final long minRemainingTtl = getMinRemainingTtl(now);
         if (hadReply) {
-            MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
+            final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
                     mdnsQueryScheduler.scheduleNextRun(
                             taskConfig,
                             minRemainingTtl,
@@ -422,10 +398,17 @@
                             searchOptions.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(),
                             forceEnableBackoff
                     );
-            dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
-                    handler,
-                    handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
-                    calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now, sharedLog));
+            final long timeToNextTaskMs = calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now);
+            sharedLog.log(String.format("Schedule a query. Next run: sessionId: %d, in %d ms",
+                    args.sessionId, timeToNextTaskMs));
+            if (featureFlags.isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled()) {
+                setDelayedTask(args, timeToNextTaskMs);
+            } else {
+                dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                        handler,
+                        handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
+                        timeToNextTaskMs);
+            }
         } else {
             final List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve = makeResponsesForResolve(socketKey);
             final QueryTask queryTask = new QueryTask(
@@ -465,7 +448,11 @@
     }
 
     private void removeScheduledTask() {
-        dependencies.removeMessages(handler, EVENT_START_QUERYTASK);
+        if (featureFlags.isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled()) {
+            timerFd.cancelTask();
+        } else {
+            dependencies.removeMessages(handler, EVENT_START_QUERYTASK);
+        }
         sharedLog.log("Remove EVENT_START_QUERYTASK"
                 + ", current session: " + currentSessionId);
         ++currentSessionId;
@@ -545,21 +532,35 @@
                 // If the response is not modified and already in the cache. The cache will
                 // need to be updated to refresh the last receipt time.
                 serviceCache.addOrUpdateService(cacheKey, response);
+                if (DBG) {
+                    sharedLog.v("Update the last receipt time for service:"
+                            + serviceInstanceName);
+                }
             }
         }
-        if (dependencies.hasMessages(handler, EVENT_START_QUERYTASK)) {
+        final boolean hasScheduledTask = featureFlags.isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled()
+                ? timerFd.hasDelayedTask()
+                : dependencies.hasMessages(handler, EVENT_START_QUERYTASK);
+        if (hasScheduledTask) {
             final long now = clock.elapsedRealtime();
             final long minRemainingTtl = getMinRemainingTtl(now);
-            MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
+            final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
                     mdnsQueryScheduler.maybeRescheduleCurrentRun(now, minRemainingTtl,
                             lastSentTime, currentSessionId + 1,
                             searchOptions.numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff());
             if (args != null) {
                 removeScheduledTask();
-                dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
-                        handler,
-                        handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
-                        calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now, sharedLog));
+                final long timeToNextTaskMs = calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now);
+                sharedLog.log(String.format("Reschedule a query. Next run: sessionId: %d, in %d ms",
+                        args.sessionId, timeToNextTaskMs));
+                if (featureFlags.isAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled()) {
+                    setDelayedTask(args, timeToNextTaskMs);
+                } else {
+                    dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                            handler,
+                            handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
+                            timeToNextTaskMs);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -724,10 +725,10 @@
     private static class QuerySentArguments {
         private final int transactionId;
         private final List<String> subTypes = new ArrayList<>();
-        private final MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
+        private final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
 
         QuerySentArguments(int transactionId, @NonNull List<String> subTypes,
-                @NonNull MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs) {
+                @NonNull ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs) {
             this.transactionId = transactionId;
             this.subTypes.addAll(subTypes);
             this.taskArgs = taskArgs;
@@ -736,14 +737,14 @@
 
     // A FutureTask that enqueues a single query, and schedule a new FutureTask for the next task.
     private class QueryTask implements Runnable {
-        private final MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
+        private final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
         private final List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve = new ArrayList<>();
         private final List<String> subtypes = new ArrayList<>();
         private final boolean sendDiscoveryQueries;
         private final List<MdnsResponse> existingServices = new ArrayList<>();
         private final boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
         private final SocketKey socketKey;
-        QueryTask(@NonNull MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
+        QueryTask(@NonNull ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
                 @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve,
                 @NonNull Collection<String> subtypes, boolean sendDiscoveryQueries,
                 @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> existingServices,
@@ -809,12 +810,9 @@
         return minRemainingTtl == Long.MAX_VALUE ? 0 : minRemainingTtl;
     }
 
-    private static long calculateTimeToNextTask(MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args,
-            long now, SharedLog sharedLog) {
-        long timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs = Math.max(args.timeToRun - now, 0);
-        sharedLog.log(String.format("Next run: sessionId: %d, in %d ms",
-                args.sessionId, timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs));
-        return timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs;
+    private static long calculateTimeToNextTask(ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args,
+            long now) {
+        return Math.max(args.timeToRun - now, 0);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
index 5c9ec09..1212e29 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
@@ -19,12 +19,14 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.isNetworkMatched;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -163,6 +165,7 @@
         this(context, looper, new Dependencies(), sharedLog, socketRequestMonitor);
     }
 
+    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
     MdnsSocketProvider(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Looper looper,
             @NonNull Dependencies deps, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
             @NonNull SocketRequestMonitor socketRequestMonitor) {
@@ -334,6 +337,7 @@
     }
 
     /*** Start monitoring sockets by listening callbacks for sockets creation or removal */
+    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
     public void startMonitoringSockets() {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         mRequestStop = false; // Reset stop request flag.
@@ -364,6 +368,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
     private void maybeStopMonitoringSockets() {
         if (!mMonitoringSockets) return; // Already unregistered.
         if (!mRequestStop) return; // No stop request.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java
index 77d1d7a..2b3ebf9 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsTextRecord.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 
-import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
-
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -29,7 +27,6 @@
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /** An mDNS "TXT" record, which contains a list of {@link TextEntry}. */
-@VisibleForTesting(otherwise = VisibleForTesting.PACKAGE_PRIVATE)
 public class MdnsTextRecord extends MdnsRecord {
     private List<TextEntry> entries;
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java
index 70451f3..4d7e4bc 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastPacketReader.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.os.Handler;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java
index d2cd463..d193e14 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/QueryTaskConfig.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
@@ -26,154 +25,46 @@
  * Call to getConfigForNextRun returns a config that can be used to build the next query task.
  */
 public class QueryTaskConfig {
-
-    private static final int INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS =
-            (int) MdnsConfigs.initialTimeBetweenBurstsMs();
-    private static final int MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS =
-            (int) MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenBurstsMs();
-    private static final int QUERIES_PER_BURST = (int) MdnsConfigs.queriesPerBurst();
-    private static final int TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS =
-            (int) MdnsConfigs.timeBetweenQueriesInBurstMs();
-    private static final int QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE =
-            (int) MdnsConfigs.queriesPerBurstPassive();
     private static final int UNSIGNED_SHORT_MAX_VALUE = 65536;
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    // RFC 6762 5.2: The interval between the first two queries MUST be at least one second.
-    static final int INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS = 1000;
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    // Basically this tries to send one query per typical DTIM interval 100ms, to maximize the
-    // chances that a query will be received if devices are using a DTIM multiplier (in which case
-    // they only listen once every [multiplier] DTIM intervals).
-    static final int TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS = 100;
-    static final int MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS = 60000;
     private final boolean alwaysAskForUnicastResponse =
             MdnsConfigs.alwaysAskForUnicastResponseInEachBurst();
     @VisibleForTesting
     final int transactionId;
     @VisibleForTesting
     final boolean expectUnicastResponse;
-    private final int queriesPerBurst;
-    private final int timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
-    private final int burstCounter;
-    final long delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
-    private final boolean isFirstBurst;
-    private final long queryCount;
+    final int queryIndex;
+    final int queryMode;
 
-    QueryTaskConfig(long queryCount, int transactionId,
-            boolean expectUnicastResponse, boolean isFirstBurst, int burstCounter,
-            int queriesPerBurst, int timeBetweenBurstsInMs,
-            long delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs) {
+    QueryTaskConfig(int queryMode, int queryIndex, int transactionId) {
+        this.queryMode = queryMode;
         this.transactionId = transactionId;
-        this.expectUnicastResponse = expectUnicastResponse;
-        this.queriesPerBurst = queriesPerBurst;
-        this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
-        this.burstCounter = burstCounter;
-        this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
-        this.isFirstBurst = isFirstBurst;
-        this.queryCount = queryCount;
+        this.queryIndex = queryIndex;
+        this.expectUnicastResponse = getExpectUnicastResponse();
     }
 
     QueryTaskConfig(int queryMode) {
-        this.queriesPerBurst = QUERIES_PER_BURST;
-        this.burstCounter = 0;
-        this.transactionId = 1;
-        this.expectUnicastResponse = true;
-        this.isFirstBurst = true;
-        // Config the scan frequency based on the scan mode.
-        if (queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
-            this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
-            this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs =
-                    TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
-        } else if (queryMode == PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
-            // In passive scan mode, sends a single burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries, and then
-            // in each TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS interval, sends QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE
-            // queries.
-            this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
-            this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
-        } else {
-            // In active scan mode, sends a burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries,
-            // TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS apart, then waits for the scan interval, and
-            // then repeats. The scan interval starts as INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS and
-            // doubles until it maxes out at TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS.
-            this.timeBetweenBurstsInMs = INITIAL_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
-            this.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs = TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
-        }
-        this.queryCount = 0;
-    }
-
-    long getDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoff(boolean isFirstQueryInBurst,
-            boolean isLastQueryInBurst, int queryMode) {
-        if (isFirstQueryInBurst && queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (isLastQueryInBurst) {
-            return timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
-        }
-        return queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
-                ? TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS
-                : TIME_BETWEEN_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
-    }
-
-    boolean getNextExpectUnicastResponse(boolean isLastQueryInBurst, int queryMode) {
-        if (!isLastQueryInBurst) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        return alwaysAskForUnicastResponse;
-    }
-
-    int getNextTimeBetweenBurstsMs(boolean isLastQueryInBurst, int queryMode) {
-        if (!isLastQueryInBurst) {
-            return timeBetweenBurstsInMs;
-        }
-        final int maxTimeBetweenBursts = queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE
-                ? MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS : MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_ACTIVE_PASSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
-        return Math.min(timeBetweenBurstsInMs * 2, maxTimeBetweenBursts);
+        this(queryMode, 0, 1);
     }
 
     /**
      * Get new QueryTaskConfig for next run.
      */
     public QueryTaskConfig getConfigForNextRun(int queryMode) {
-        long newQueryCount = queryCount + 1;
+        final int newQueryIndex = queryIndex + 1;
         int newTransactionId = transactionId + 1;
         if (newTransactionId > UNSIGNED_SHORT_MAX_VALUE) {
             newTransactionId = 1;
         }
 
-        int newQueriesPerBurst = queriesPerBurst;
-        int newBurstCounter = burstCounter + 1;
-        final boolean isFirstQueryInBurst = newBurstCounter == 1;
-        final boolean isLastQueryInBurst = newBurstCounter == queriesPerBurst;
-        boolean newIsFirstBurst = isFirstBurst && !isLastQueryInBurst;
-        if (isLastQueryInBurst) {
-            newBurstCounter = 0;
-            // In passive scan mode, sends a single burst of QUERIES_PER_BURST queries, and
-            // then in each TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS interval, sends QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE
-            // queries.
-            if (isFirstBurst && queryMode == PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
-                newQueriesPerBurst = QUERIES_PER_BURST_PASSIVE_MODE;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return new QueryTaskConfig(newQueryCount, newTransactionId,
-                getNextExpectUnicastResponse(isLastQueryInBurst, queryMode), newIsFirstBurst,
-                newBurstCounter, newQueriesPerBurst,
-                getNextTimeBetweenBurstsMs(isLastQueryInBurst, queryMode),
-                getDelayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoff(
-                        isFirstQueryInBurst, isLastQueryInBurst, queryMode));
+        return new QueryTaskConfig(queryMode, newQueryIndex, newTransactionId);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Determine if the query backoff should be used.
-     */
-    public boolean shouldUseQueryBackoff(int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff) {
-        // Don't enable backoff mode during the burst or in the first burst
-        if (burstCounter != 0 || isFirstBurst) {
-            return false;
+    private boolean getExpectUnicastResponse() {
+        if (queryMode == AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE) {
+            if (MdnsQueryScheduler.isFirstQueryInBurst(queryIndex, queryMode)) {
+                return true;
+            }
         }
-        return queryCount > numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff;
+        return queryIndex == 0 || alwaysAskForUnicastResponse;
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java
index 8745941..282ca9a 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtils.java
@@ -24,18 +24,23 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.os.Build;
-import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInetAddressRecord;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacket;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacketWriter;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsResponse;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceInfo;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -43,6 +48,7 @@
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -82,21 +88,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    /*** Ensure that current running thread is same as given handler thread */
-    public static void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(@NonNull Handler handler) {
-        if (!isRunningOnHandlerThread(handler)) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on Handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*** Check that current running thread is same as given handler thread */
-    public static boolean isRunningOnHandlerThread(@NonNull Handler handler) {
-        if (handler.getLooper().getThread() == Thread.currentThread()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
 
     /*** Check whether the target network matches the current network */
     public static boolean isNetworkMatched(@Nullable Network targetNetwork,
@@ -283,11 +274,8 @@
      * of ["_printer", "_sub", "_http", "_tcp"].
      */
     public static String[] constructFullSubtype(String[] serviceType, String subtype) {
-        String[] fullSubtype = new String[serviceType.length + 2];
-        fullSubtype[0] = subtype;
-        fullSubtype[1] = MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_LABEL;
-        System.arraycopy(serviceType, 0, fullSubtype, 2, serviceType.length);
-        return fullSubtype;
+        return CollectionUtils.prependArray(String.class, serviceType, subtype,
+                MdnsConstants.SUBTYPE_LABEL);
     }
 
     /** A wrapper class of {@link SystemClock} to be mocked in unit tests. */
@@ -318,4 +306,62 @@
         }
         return true;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Build MdnsServiceInfo object from given MdnsResponse, service type labels and current time.
+     *
+     * @param response target service response
+     * @param serviceTypeLabels service type labels
+     * @param elapsedRealtimeMillis current time.
+     */
+    public static MdnsServiceInfo buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(@NonNull MdnsResponse response,
+            @NonNull String[] serviceTypeLabels, long elapsedRealtimeMillis) {
+        String[] hostName = null;
+        int port = 0;
+        if (response.hasServiceRecord()) {
+            hostName = response.getServiceRecord().getServiceHost();
+            port = response.getServiceRecord().getServicePort();
+        }
+
+        final List<String> ipv4Addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        final List<String> ipv6Addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (response.hasInet4AddressRecord()) {
+            for (MdnsInetAddressRecord inetAddressRecord : response.getInet4AddressRecords()) {
+                final Inet4Address inet4Address = inetAddressRecord.getInet4Address();
+                ipv4Addresses.add((inet4Address == null) ? null : inet4Address.getHostAddress());
+            }
+        }
+        if (response.hasInet6AddressRecord()) {
+            for (MdnsInetAddressRecord inetAddressRecord : response.getInet6AddressRecords()) {
+                final Inet6Address inet6Address = inetAddressRecord.getInet6Address();
+                ipv6Addresses.add((inet6Address == null) ? null : inet6Address.getHostAddress());
+            }
+        }
+        String serviceInstanceName = response.getServiceInstanceName();
+        if (serviceInstanceName == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "mDNS response must have non-null service instance name");
+        }
+        List<String> textStrings = null;
+        List<MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry> textEntries = null;
+        if (response.hasTextRecord()) {
+            textStrings = response.getTextRecord().getStrings();
+            textEntries = response.getTextRecord().getEntries();
+        }
+        Instant now = Instant.now();
+        // TODO: Throw an error message if response doesn't have Inet6 or Inet4 address.
+        return new MdnsServiceInfo(
+                serviceInstanceName,
+                serviceTypeLabels,
+                response.getSubtypes(),
+                hostName,
+                port,
+                ipv4Addresses,
+                ipv6Addresses,
+                textStrings,
+                textEntries,
+                response.getInterfaceIndex(),
+                response.getNetwork(),
+                now.plusMillis(response.getMinRemainingTtl(elapsedRealtimeMillis)));
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
index cadc04d..1ac99e4 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetNetworkFactory.java
@@ -202,20 +202,6 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    private static NetworkCapabilities mixInCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc,
-            NetworkCapabilities addedNc) {
-       final NetworkCapabilities.Builder builder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder(nc);
-       for (int transport : addedNc.getTransportTypes()) builder.addTransportType(transport);
-       for (int capability : addedNc.getCapabilities()) builder.addCapability(capability);
-       return builder.build();
-    }
-
-    private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilities() {
-        return NetworkCapabilities.Builder
-                .withoutDefaultCapabilities()
-                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET).build();
-    }
-
     @VisibleForTesting(visibility = VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE)
     protected boolean removeInterface(String interfaceName) {
         NetworkInterfaceState iface = mTrackingInterfaces.remove(interfaceName);
@@ -556,14 +542,6 @@
             maybeRestart();
         }
 
-        private void ensureRunningOnEthernetHandlerThread() {
-            if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException(
-                        "Not running on the Ethernet thread: "
-                                + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-            }
-        }
-
         private void handleOnLinkPropertiesChange(LinkProperties linkProperties) {
             mLinkProperties = linkProperties;
             if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
index b8689d6..21b9b1d 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetServiceImpl.java
@@ -317,6 +317,6 @@
     @Override
     public List<String> getInterfaceList() {
         PermissionUtils.enforceAccessNetworkStatePermission(mContext, TAG);
-        return mTracker.getInterfaceList();
+        return mTracker.getEthernetInterfaceList();
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
index 71f289e..4a9410e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static android.net.TestNetworkManager.TEST_TAP_PREFIX;
 
 import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PACKAGE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.IFF_UP;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -40,7 +41,6 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -49,19 +49,24 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.NetlinkMonitor;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.RtNetlinkLinkMessage;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.StructIfinfoMsg;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@
 
     /**
      * Track test interfaces if true, don't track otherwise.
-     * Volatile is needed as getInterfaceList() does not run on the handler thread.
+     * Volatile is needed as getEthernetInterfaceList() does not run on the handler thread.
      */
     private volatile boolean mIncludeTestInterfaces = false;
 
@@ -138,8 +143,8 @@
     private int mTetheringInterfaceMode = INTERFACE_MODE_CLIENT;
     // Tracks whether clients were notified that the tethered interface is available
     private boolean mTetheredInterfaceWasAvailable = false;
-
-    private int mEthernetState = ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED;
+    // Tracks the current state of ethernet as configured by EthernetManager#setEthernetEnabled.
+    private boolean mIsEthernetEnabled = true;
 
     private class TetheredInterfaceRequestList extends
             RemoteCallbackList<ITetheredInterfaceCallback> {
@@ -214,9 +219,6 @@
         // Note: processNetlinkMessage is called on the handler thread.
         @Override
         protected void processNetlinkMessage(NetlinkMessage nlMsg, long whenMs) {
-            // ignore all updates when ethernet is disabled.
-            if (mEthernetState == ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED) return;
-
             if (nlMsg instanceof RtNetlinkLinkMessage) {
                 processRtNetlinkLinkMessage((RtNetlinkLinkMessage) nlMsg);
             } else {
@@ -302,11 +304,7 @@
     }
 
     private void ensureRunningOnEthernetServiceThread() {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on EthernetService thread: "
-                            + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -404,26 +402,27 @@
         return mFactory.getAvailableInterfaces(includeRestricted);
     }
 
-    List<String> getInterfaceList() {
+    List<String> getEthernetInterfaceList() {
         final List<String> interfaceList = new ArrayList<String>();
-        final String[] ifaces;
+        final Enumeration<NetworkInterface> ifaces;
         try {
-            ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Could not get list of interfaces " + e);
+            ifaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get ethernet interfaces: ", e);
             return interfaceList;
         }
 
         // There is a possible race with setIncludeTestInterfaces() which can affect
         // isValidEthernetInterface (it returns true for test interfaces if setIncludeTestInterfaces
         // is set to true).
-        // setIncludeTestInterfaces() is only used in tests, and since getInterfaceList() does not
-        // run on the handler thread, the behavior around setIncludeTestInterfaces() is
+        // setIncludeTestInterfaces() is only used in tests, and since getEthernetInterfaceList()
+        // does not run on the handler thread, the behavior around setIncludeTestInterfaces() is
         // indeterminate either way. This can easily be circumvented by waiting on a callback from
         // a test interface after calling setIncludeTestInterfaces() before calling this function.
         // In production code, this has no effect.
-        for (String iface : ifaces) {
-            if (isValidEthernetInterface(iface)) interfaceList.add(iface);
+        while (ifaces.hasMoreElements()) {
+            NetworkInterface iface = ifaces.nextElement();
+            if (isValidEthernetInterface(iface.getName())) interfaceList.add(iface.getName());
         }
         return interfaceList;
     }
@@ -450,7 +449,7 @@
                 unicastInterfaceStateChange(listener, mTetheringInterface);
             }
 
-            unicastEthernetStateChange(listener, mEthernetState);
+            unicastEthernetStateChange(listener, mIsEthernetEnabled);
         });
     }
 
@@ -595,15 +594,11 @@
         InterfaceConfigurationParcel config = null;
         // Bring up the interface so we get link status indications.
         try {
-            PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
             // Read the flags before attempting to bring up the interface. If the interface is
             // already running an UP event is created after adding the interface.
             config = NetdUtils.getInterfaceConfigParcel(mNetd, iface);
-            if (NetdUtils.hasFlag(config, INetd.IF_STATE_DOWN)) {
-                // As a side-effect, NetdUtils#setInterfaceUp() also clears the interface's IPv4
-                // address and readds it which *could* lead to unexpected behavior in the future.
-                NetdUtils.setInterfaceUp(mNetd, iface);
-            }
+            // Only bring the interface up when ethernet is enabled, otherwise set interface down.
+            setInterfaceUpState(iface, mIsEthernetEnabled);
         } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
             // Either the system is crashing or the interface has disappeared. Just ignore the
             // error; we haven't modified any state because we only do that if our calls succeed.
@@ -649,6 +644,10 @@
     }
 
     private void setInterfaceAdministrativeState(String iface, boolean up, EthernetCallback cb) {
+        if (!mIsEthernetEnabled) {
+            cb.onError("Cannot enable/disable interface when ethernet is disabled");
+            return;
+        }
         if (getInterfaceState(iface) == EthernetManager.STATE_ABSENT) {
             cb.onError("Failed to enable/disable absent interface: " + iface);
             return;
@@ -659,15 +658,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        if (up) {
-            // WARNING! setInterfaceUp() clears the IPv4 address and readds it. Calling
-            // enableInterface() on an active interface can lead to a provisioning failure which
-            // will cause IpClient to be restarted.
-            // TODO: use netlink directly rather than calling into netd.
-            NetdUtils.setInterfaceUp(mNetd, iface);
-        } else {
-            NetdUtils.setInterfaceDown(mNetd, iface);
-        }
+        setInterfaceUpState(iface, up);
         cb.onResult(iface);
     }
 
@@ -706,10 +697,6 @@
     }
 
     private void maybeTrackInterface(String iface) {
-        if (!isValidEthernetInterface(iface)) {
-            return;
-        }
-
         // If we don't already track this interface, and if this interface matches
         // our regex, start tracking it.
         if (mFactory.hasInterface(iface) || iface.equals(mTetheringInterface)) {
@@ -729,13 +716,9 @@
     }
 
     private void trackAvailableInterfaces() {
-        try {
-            final String[] ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
-            for (String iface : ifaces) {
-                maybeTrackInterface(iface);
-            }
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Could not get list of interfaces " + e);
+        final List<String> ifaces = getEthernetInterfaceList();
+        for (String iface : ifaces) {
+            maybeTrackInterface(iface);
         }
     }
 
@@ -963,43 +946,47 @@
     @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PACKAGE)
     protected void setEthernetEnabled(boolean enabled) {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
-            int newState = enabled ? ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED : ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED;
-            if (mEthernetState == newState) return;
+            if (mIsEthernetEnabled == enabled) return;
 
-            mEthernetState = newState;
+            mIsEthernetEnabled = enabled;
 
-            if (enabled) {
-                trackAvailableInterfaces();
-            } else {
-                // TODO: maybe also disable server mode interface as well.
-                untrackFactoryInterfaces();
+            // Interface in server mode should also be included.
+            ArrayList<String> interfaces =
+                    new ArrayList<>(
+                    List.of(mFactory.getAvailableInterfaces(/* includeRestricted */ true)));
+
+            if (mTetheringInterfaceMode == INTERFACE_MODE_SERVER) {
+                interfaces.add(mTetheringInterface);
             }
-            broadcastEthernetStateChange(mEthernetState);
+
+            for (String iface : interfaces) {
+                setInterfaceUpState(iface, enabled);
+            }
+            broadcastEthernetStateChange(mIsEthernetEnabled);
         });
     }
 
-    private void untrackFactoryInterfaces() {
-        for (String iface : mFactory.getAvailableInterfaces(true /* includeRestricted */)) {
-            stopTrackingInterface(iface);
-        }
+    private int isEthernetEnabledAsInt(boolean state) {
+        return state ? ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED : ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED;
     }
 
     private void unicastEthernetStateChange(@NonNull IEthernetServiceListener listener,
-            int state) {
+            boolean enabled) {
         ensureRunningOnEthernetServiceThread();
         try {
-            listener.onEthernetStateChanged(state);
+            listener.onEthernetStateChanged(isEthernetEnabledAsInt(enabled));
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             // Do nothing here.
         }
     }
 
-    private void broadcastEthernetStateChange(int state) {
+    private void broadcastEthernetStateChange(boolean enabled) {
         ensureRunningOnEthernetServiceThread();
         final int n = mListeners.beginBroadcast();
         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             try {
-                mListeners.getBroadcastItem(i).onEthernetStateChanged(state);
+                mListeners.getBroadcastItem(i)
+                            .onEthernetStateChanged(isEthernetEnabledAsInt(enabled));
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 // Do nothing here.
             }
@@ -1007,11 +994,17 @@
         mListeners.finishBroadcast();
     }
 
+    private void setInterfaceUpState(@NonNull String interfaceName, boolean up) {
+        if (!NetlinkUtils.setInterfaceFlags(interfaceName, up ? IFF_UP : ~IFF_UP)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set interface " + interfaceName + (up ? " up" : " down"));
+        }
+    }
+
     void dump(FileDescriptor fd, IndentingPrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
         postAndWaitForRunnable(() -> {
             pw.println(getClass().getSimpleName());
             pw.println("Ethernet State: "
-                    + (mEthernetState == ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
+                    + (mIsEthernetEnabled ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
             pw.println("Ethernet interface name filter: " + mIfaceMatch);
             pw.println("Interface used for tethering: " + mTetheringInterface);
             pw.println("Tethering interface mode: " + mTetheringInterfaceMode);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 294a85a..a8e3203 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.KB_IN_BYTES;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
-import static android.net.TrafficStats.getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry;
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
@@ -127,6 +126,8 @@
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
 import android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils;
+import android.net.netstats.StatsResult;
+import android.net.netstats.TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProvider;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
@@ -485,16 +486,24 @@
     @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
     private long mLatestNetworkStatsUpdatedBroadcastScheduledTime = Long.MIN_VALUE;
 
+    @Nullable
     private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsTotalCache;
+    @Nullable
     private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsIfaceCache;
+    @Nullable
     private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsUidCache;
+    // A feature flag to control whether the client-side rate limit cache should be enabled.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final String TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG =
+            "trafficstats_client_rate_limit_cache_enabled_flag";
     static final String TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG =
             "trafficstats_rate_limit_cache_enabled_flag";
     static final String BROADCAST_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED_RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED_FLAG =
             "broadcast_network_stats_updated_rate_limit_enabled_flag";
-    private final boolean mAlwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache;
+    private final boolean mIsTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled;
     private final int mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration;
     private final int mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries;
+    private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig;
     private final boolean mBroadcastNetworkStatsUpdatedRateLimitEnabled;
 
 
@@ -688,23 +697,34 @@
             mEventLogger = null;
         }
 
-        mAlwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache =
-                mDeps.alwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache(mContext);
+        mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig =
+                mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig(mContext);
+        // If the client side cache feature is enabled, disable the service side
+        // cache unconditionally.
+        mIsTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled =
+                mDeps.isTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled(mContext,
+                        mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig.isCacheEnabled);
         mBroadcastNetworkStatsUpdatedRateLimitEnabled =
                 mDeps.enabledBroadcastNetworkStatsUpdatedRateLimiting(mContext);
         mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration =
                 mDeps.getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration();
         mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries =
                 mDeps.getTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries();
-        mTrafficStatsTotalCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
-                mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration,
-                mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries);
-        mTrafficStatsIfaceCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
-                mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration,
-                mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries);
-        mTrafficStatsUidCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
-                mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration,
-                mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries);
+        if (mIsTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled) {
+            mTrafficStatsTotalCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                    mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration,
+                    mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries);
+            mTrafficStatsIfaceCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                    mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration,
+                    mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries);
+            mTrafficStatsUidCache = new TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(mClock,
+                    mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration,
+                    mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries);
+        } else {
+            mTrafficStatsTotalCache = null;
+            mTrafficStatsIfaceCache = null;
+            mTrafficStatsUidCache = null;
+        }
 
         // TODO: Remove bpfNetMaps creation and always start SkDestroyListener
         // Following code is for the experiment to verify the SkDestroyListener refactoring. Based
@@ -964,13 +984,42 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Get whether TrafficStats service side rate-limit cache is always applied.
+         * Get client side traffic stats rate-limit cache config.
          *
          * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
          * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
          */
-        public boolean alwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache(@NonNull Context ctx) {
-            return SdkLevel.isAtLeastV() && DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+        @NonNull
+        public TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig(
+                @NonNull Context ctx) {
+            final TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig config =
+                    new TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.Builder()
+                            .setIsCacheEnabled(DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(
+                                    ctx, TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG))
+                            .setExpiryDurationMs(getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+                                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING, TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME,
+                                    DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS))
+                            .setMaxEntries(getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(
+                                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
+                                    TRAFFIC_STATS_SERVICE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME,
+                                    DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_SERVICE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES))
+                            .build();
+            return config;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Determines whether the service-side rate-limiting cache is enabled.
+         *
+         * The cache is enabled for devices running Android V+ or apps targeting SDK V+
+         * if the `TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG` feature flag
+         * is enabled and client-side caching is disabled.
+         *
+         * This method should only be called once in the constructor,
+         * to ensure that the code does not need to deal with flag values changing at runtime.
+         */
+        public boolean isTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled(@NonNull Context ctx,
+                boolean clientCacheEnabled) {
+            return !clientCacheEnabled && DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                     ctx, TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG);
         }
 
@@ -2133,30 +2182,48 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public long getUidStats(int uid, int type) {
-        return getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(getTypelessUidStats(uid), type);
+    /**
+     * Determines whether to use the client-side cache for traffic stats rate limiting.
+     *
+     * This is based on the cache enabled feature flag. If enabled, the client-side cache
+     * is used for V+ devices or callers with V+ target sdk.
+     *
+     * @param callingUid The UID of the app making the request.
+     * @return True if the client-side cache should be used, false otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean useClientSideCache(int callingUid) {
+        return mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig.isCacheEnabled && (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()
+                || mDeps.isChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, callingUid));
     }
 
-    @NonNull
+    /**
+     * Determines whether to use the service-side cache for traffic stats rate limiting.
+     *
+     * This is based on the cache enabled feature flag. If enabled, the service-side cache
+     * is used for V+ devices or callers with V+ target sdk.
+     *
+     * @param callingUid The UID of the app making the request.
+     * @return True if the service-side cache should be used, false otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean useServiceSideCache(int callingUid) {
+        return mIsTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled && (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()
+                || mDeps.isChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, callingUid));
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
     @Override
-    public NetworkStats getTypelessUidStats(int uid) {
-        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(0, 0);
+    public StatsResult getUidStats(int uid) {
         final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
         if (callingUid != android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID && callingUid != uid) {
-            return stats;
+            return null;
         }
         final NetworkStats.Entry entry;
-        if (mAlwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache
-                || mDeps.isChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, callingUid)) {
+        if (useServiceSideCache(callingUid)) {
             entry = mTrafficStatsUidCache.getOrCompute(IFACE_ALL, uid,
                     () -> mDeps.nativeGetUidStat(uid));
         } else entry = mDeps.nativeGetUidStat(uid);
 
-        if (entry != null) {
-            stats.insertEntry(entry);
-        }
-        return stats;
+        return getStatsResultFromEntryOrNull(entry);
     }
 
     @Nullable
@@ -2173,24 +2240,24 @@
         return entry;
     }
 
-    @NonNull
+    @Nullable
     @Override
-    public NetworkStats getTypelessIfaceStats(@NonNull String iface) {
+    public StatsResult getIfaceStats(@NonNull String iface) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
 
         final NetworkStats.Entry entry;
-        if (mAlwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache
-                || mDeps.isChangeEnabled(
-                        ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, Binder.getCallingUid())) {
+        if (useServiceSideCache(Binder.getCallingUid())) {
             entry = mTrafficStatsIfaceCache.getOrCompute(iface, UID_ALL,
                     () -> getIfaceStatsInternal(iface));
         } else entry = getIfaceStatsInternal(iface);
 
-        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(0, 0);
-        if (entry != null) {
-            stats.insertEntry(entry);
-        }
-        return stats;
+        return getStatsResultFromEntryOrNull(entry);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private StatsResult getStatsResultFromEntryOrNull(@Nullable NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
+        if (entry == null) return null;
+        return new StatsResult(entry.rxBytes, entry.rxPackets, entry.txBytes, entry.txPackets);
     }
 
     @Nullable
@@ -2203,30 +2270,39 @@
         return entry;
     }
 
-    @NonNull
+    @Nullable
     @Override
-    public NetworkStats getTypelessTotalStats() {
+    public StatsResult getTotalStats() {
         final NetworkStats.Entry entry;
-        if (mAlwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache
-                || mDeps.isChangeEnabled(
-                        ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, Binder.getCallingUid())) {
+        if (useServiceSideCache(Binder.getCallingUid())) {
             entry = mTrafficStatsTotalCache.getOrCompute(
                     IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, () -> getTotalStatsInternal());
         } else entry = getTotalStatsInternal();
 
-        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(0, 0);
-        if (entry != null) {
-            stats.insertEntry(entry);
-        }
-        return stats;
+        return getStatsResultFromEntryOrNull(entry);
     }
 
     @Override
     public void clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches() {
         PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr(mContext, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
-        mTrafficStatsUidCache.clear();
-        mTrafficStatsIfaceCache.clear();
-        mTrafficStatsTotalCache.clear();
+        if (mIsTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled) {
+            mTrafficStatsUidCache.clear();
+            mTrafficStatsIfaceCache.clear();
+            mTrafficStatsTotalCache.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig getRateLimitCacheConfig() {
+        // Build a per uid config for the client based on the checking result.
+        final TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig config =
+                new TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.Builder()
+                        .setIsCacheEnabled(useClientSideCache(Binder.getCallingUid()))
+                        .setExpiryDurationMs(
+                                mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig.expiryDurationMs)
+                        .setMaxEntries(mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig.maxEntries)
+                        .build();
+        return config;
     }
 
     private NetworkStats.Entry getProviderIfaceStats(@Nullable String iface) {
@@ -2996,8 +3072,8 @@
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 pw.println("(failed to dump FastDataInput counters)");
             }
-            pw.print("trafficstats.service.cache.alwaysuse",
-                    mAlwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache);
+            pw.print("trafficstats.service.cache.isenabled",
+                    mIsTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled);
             pw.println();
             pw.print(TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_NAME,
                     mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheExpiryDuration);
@@ -3005,6 +3081,9 @@
             pw.print(TRAFFIC_STATS_SERVICE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES_NAME,
                     mTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheMaxEntries);
             pw.println();
+            pw.print("trafficstats.client.cache.config",
+                    mTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig);
+            pw.println();
 
             pw.decreaseIndent();
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
index ca97d07..4f99d1b 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
-import android.util.LruCache;
 
-import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LruCacheWithExpiry;
 
 import java.time.Clock;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -30,10 +29,12 @@
 /**
  * A thread-safe cache for storing and retrieving {@link NetworkStats.Entry} objects,
  * with an adjustable expiry duration to manage data freshness.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use {@link LruCacheWithExpiry} instead.
  */
-class TrafficStatsRateLimitCache {
-    private final Clock mClock;
-    private final long mExpiryDurationMs;
+// TODO: Remove this when service side rate limit cache solution is removed.
+class TrafficStatsRateLimitCache extends
+        LruCacheWithExpiry<TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.TrafficStatsCacheKey, NetworkStats.Entry> {
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new {@link TrafficStatsRateLimitCache} with the specified expiry duration.
@@ -43,19 +44,17 @@
      * @param maxSize Maximum number of entries.
      */
     TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(@NonNull Clock clock, long expiryDurationMs, int maxSize) {
-        mClock = clock;
-        mExpiryDurationMs = expiryDurationMs;
-        mMap = new LruCache<>(maxSize);
+        super(()-> clock.millis(), expiryDurationMs, maxSize, it -> !it.isEmpty());
     }
 
-    private static class TrafficStatsCacheKey {
+    public static class TrafficStatsCacheKey {
         @Nullable
-        public final String iface;
-        public final int uid;
+        private final String mIface;
+        private final int mUid;
 
         TrafficStatsCacheKey(@Nullable String iface, int uid) {
-            this.iface = iface;
-            this.uid = uid;
+            this.mIface = iface;
+            this.mUid = uid;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -63,29 +62,15 @@
             if (this == o) return true;
             if (!(o instanceof TrafficStatsCacheKey)) return false;
             TrafficStatsCacheKey that = (TrafficStatsCacheKey) o;
-            return uid == that.uid && Objects.equals(iface, that.iface);
+            return mUid == that.mUid && Objects.equals(mIface, that.mIface);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
-            return Objects.hash(iface, uid);
+            return Objects.hash(mIface, mUid);
         }
     }
 
-    private static class TrafficStatsCacheValue {
-        public final long timestamp;
-        @NonNull
-        public final NetworkStats.Entry entry;
-
-        TrafficStatsCacheValue(long timestamp, NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
-            this.timestamp = timestamp;
-            this.entry = entry;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @GuardedBy("mMap")
-    private final LruCache<TrafficStatsCacheKey, TrafficStatsCacheValue> mMap;
-
     /**
      * Retrieves a {@link NetworkStats.Entry} from the cache, associated with the given key.
      *
@@ -95,16 +80,7 @@
      */
     @Nullable
     NetworkStats.Entry get(String iface, int uid) {
-        final TrafficStatsCacheKey key = new TrafficStatsCacheKey(iface, uid);
-        synchronized (mMap) { // Synchronize for thread-safety
-            final TrafficStatsCacheValue value = mMap.get(key);
-            if (value != null && !isExpired(value.timestamp)) {
-                return value.entry;
-            } else {
-                mMap.remove(key); // Remove expired entries
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
+        return super.get(new TrafficStatsCacheKey(iface, uid));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -122,19 +98,7 @@
     @Nullable
     NetworkStats.Entry getOrCompute(String iface, int uid,
             @NonNull Supplier<NetworkStats.Entry> supplier) {
-        synchronized (mMap) {
-            final NetworkStats.Entry cachedValue = get(iface, uid);
-            if (cachedValue != null) {
-                return cachedValue;
-            }
-
-            // Entry not found or expired, compute it
-            final NetworkStats.Entry computedEntry = supplier.get();
-            if (computedEntry != null && !computedEntry.isEmpty()) {
-                put(iface, uid, computedEntry);
-            }
-            return computedEntry;
-        }
+        return super.getOrCompute(new TrafficStatsCacheKey(iface, uid), supplier);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -145,23 +109,7 @@
      * @param entry The {@link NetworkStats.Entry} to store in the cache.
      */
     void put(String iface, int uid, @NonNull final NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(entry);
-        final TrafficStatsCacheKey key = new TrafficStatsCacheKey(iface, uid);
-        synchronized (mMap) { // Synchronize for thread-safety
-            mMap.put(key, new TrafficStatsCacheValue(mClock.millis(), entry));
-        }
+        super.put(new TrafficStatsCacheKey(iface, uid), entry);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Clear the cache.
-     */
-    void clear() {
-        synchronized (mMap) {
-            mMap.evictAll();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private boolean isExpired(long timestamp) {
-        return mClock.millis() > timestamp + mExpiryDurationMs;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index 94061a4..2659ebf 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@
         "libmodules-utils-build",
         "libnetjniutils",
         "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
         "netd_aidl_interface-lateststable-ndk",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@
     },
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-t",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-b",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/networksecurity:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/thread/service:__subpackages__",
@@ -251,7 +253,11 @@
         "service-networksecurity-pre-jarjar",
         service_remoteauth_pre_jarjar_lib,
         "service-thread-pre-jarjar",
-    ],
+    ] + select(release_flag("RELEASE_MOVE_VCN_TO_MAINLINE"), {
+        true: ["service-connectivity-b-pre-jarjar"],
+        default: [],
+    }),
+
     // The below libraries are not actually needed to build since no source is compiled
     // (only combining prebuilt static_libs), but they are necessary so that R8 has the right
     // references to optimize the code. Without these, there will be missing class warnings and
@@ -310,7 +316,7 @@
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
 }
 
-genrule {
+java_genrule {
     name: "connectivity-jarjar-rules",
     defaults: ["jarjar-rules-combine-defaults"],
     srcs: [
@@ -337,6 +343,7 @@
     name: "service-connectivity-jarjar-gen",
     tool_files: [
         ":service-connectivity-pre-jarjar{.jar}",
+        ":service-connectivity-b-pre-jarjar{.jar}",
         ":service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar{.jar}",
         "jarjar-excludes.txt",
     ],
@@ -346,6 +353,7 @@
     out: ["service_connectivity_jarjar_rules.txt"],
     cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
         "$(location :service-connectivity-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
+        "$(location :service-connectivity-b-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
         "$(location :service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar{.jar}) " +
         "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
         "--excludes $(location jarjar-excludes.txt) " +
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
index 2621256..be9b2b5 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
     certificate: ":com.android.connectivity.resources.certificate",
+    updatable: true,
 }
 
 android_app_certificate {
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
index 29ec013..9ff9ada 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-sw/strings.xml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
     <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet" msgid="1000871587359324217">"Hakuna intaneti"</string>
     <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed" msgid="5438738723127062816">"Huenda data ya <xliff:g id="NETWORK_CARRIER">%1$s</xliff:g> imeisha. Gusa ili upate chaguo."</string>
     <string name="mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier" msgid="5375681117265354337">"Huenda data yako imeisha. Gusa ili upate chaguo."</string>
-    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> haina uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
+    <string name="wifi_no_internet" msgid="1326348603404555475">"<xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g> haina intaneti"</string>
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Gusa ili upate chaguo"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mtandao wa simu hauna uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
     <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Mtandao hauna uwezo wa kufikia intaneti"</string>
diff --git a/service/jarjar-excludes.txt b/service/jarjar-excludes.txt
index 7bd3862..9076b53 100644
--- a/service/jarjar-excludes.txt
+++ b/service/jarjar-excludes.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 # Classes loaded by SystemServer via their hardcoded name, so they can't be jarjared
 com\.android\.server\.ConnectivityServiceInitializer(\$.+)?
+com\.android\.server\.ConnectivityServiceInitializerB(\$.+)?
 com\.android\.server\.NetworkStatsServiceInitializer(\$.+)?
diff --git a/service/jni/onload.cpp b/service/jni/onload.cpp
index bb70d4f..8e01260 100644
--- a/service/jni/onload.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_com_android_server_ServiceManagerWrapper(JNIEnv* env);
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                      char const *class_name);
 
 extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
     JNIEnv *env;
@@ -56,6 +58,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(
+            env, "android/net/connectivity/com/android/net/module/util/"
+                 "TimerFdUtils") < 0) {
+      return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
     return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
 }
 
diff --git a/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp b/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp
index 3a72134..9bfe3a9 100644
--- a/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp
+++ b/service/libconnectivity/Android.bp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
     ],
     llndk: {
         symbol_file: "libconnectivity_native.map.txt",
+        moved_to_apex: true,
     },
     stubs: {
         symbol_file: "libconnectivity_native.map.txt",
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cb62ae1..fe26858
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_PRECHECK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_RESERVED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_RESUMED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_SUSPENDED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_UNAVAIL;
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_FOR_NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_UNSET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
@@ -121,6 +123,9 @@
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOENT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOTCONN;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EOPNOTSUPP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
@@ -145,10 +150,13 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.hasAnyPermissionOf;
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityStatsLog.CONNECTIVITY_STATE_SAMPLE;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.CELLULAR_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.QUEUE_CALLBACKS_FOR_FROZEN_APPS;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.WIFI_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT;
 
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.CheckResult;
@@ -192,6 +200,7 @@
 import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
 import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.IDnsResolver;
+import android.net.IIntResultListener;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkActivityListener;
 import android.net.INetworkAgent;
@@ -1610,6 +1619,18 @@
                     connectivityServiceInternalHandler);
         }
 
+        /** Returns the data inactivity timeout to be used for cellular networks */
+        public int getDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout() {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT,
+                    CELLULAR_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT, 10);
+        }
+
+        /** Returns the data inactivity timeout to be used for WiFi networks */
+        public int getDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout() {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT,
+                    WIFI_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT, 15);
+        }
+
         /**
          * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureEnabled
          */
@@ -1958,8 +1979,13 @@
         // But reading the trunk stable flags from mainline modules is not supported yet.
         // So enabling this feature on V+ release.
         mTrackMultiNetworkActivities = mDeps.isAtLeastV();
+        final int defaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout =
+                mDeps.getDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout();
+        final int defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout =
+                mDeps.getDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout();
         mNetworkActivityTracker = new LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(mContext, mNetd, mHandler,
-                mTrackMultiNetworkActivities);
+                mTrackMultiNetworkActivities, defaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout,
+                defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout);
 
         final NetdCallback netdCallback = new NetdCallback();
         try {
@@ -2028,7 +2054,8 @@
             mCdmps = null;
         }
 
-        mRoutingCoordinatorService = new RoutingCoordinatorService(netd);
+        mRoutingCoordinatorService =
+                new RoutingCoordinatorService(netd, this::getAllNetworks, mContext);
         mMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService =
                 mDeps.makeMulticastRoutingCoordinatorService(mHandler);
 
@@ -5530,7 +5557,7 @@
         }
 
         // Delayed teardown.
-        if (nai.isCreated()) {
+        if (nai.isCreated() && !nai.isDestroyed()) {
             try {
                 mNetd.networkSetPermissionForNetwork(nai.network.netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -6002,12 +6029,10 @@
             // TODO : The only way out of this is to diff old defaults and new defaults, and only
             // remove ranges for those requests that won't have a replacement
             final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier = nri.getSatisfier();
-            if (null != satisfier && !satisfier.isDestroyed()) {
+            if (null != satisfier) {
                 try {
-                    mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                            satisfier.network.getNetId(),
-                            toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
-                            nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd()));
+                    modifyNetworkUidRanges(false /* add */, satisfier, nri.getUids(),
+                            nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd());
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     loge("Exception setting network preference default network", e);
                 }
@@ -6321,8 +6346,20 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private class CaptivePortalImpl extends ICaptivePortal.Stub {
+    public class CaptivePortalImpl extends ICaptivePortal.Stub implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
         private final Network mNetwork;
+        // Binder object to track the lifetime of the setDelegateUid caller for cleanup purposes.
+        //
+        // Note that in theory it can happen that there are multiple callers for a given
+        // object. For example, the app that receives the CaptivePortal object from the Intent
+        // fired by startCaptivePortalAppInternal could send the object to another process, or
+        // clone it. Only the first of these objects that calls setDelegateUid will properly
+        // register a death recipient. Calls from the other objects will work, but only the
+        // first object's death will cause the death recipient to fire.
+        // TODO: track all callers by callerBinder instead of CaptivePortalImpl, store callerBinder
+        // in a Set. When the death recipient fires, we can remove the callingBinder from the set,
+        // and when the set is empty, we can clear the delegated UID.
+        private IBinder mDelegateUidCaller;
 
         private CaptivePortalImpl(Network network) {
             mNetwork = network;
@@ -6362,6 +6399,55 @@
             }
         }
 
+        private int handleSetDelegateUid(int uid, @NonNull final IBinder callerBinder) {
+            if (mDelegateUidCaller == null) {
+                mDelegateUidCaller = callerBinder;
+                try {
+                    // While technically unnecessary, it is safe to register a DeathRecipient for
+                    // a cleanup operation (where uid = INVALID_UID).
+                    mDelegateUidCaller.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // remote has died, return early.
+                    return ENOTCONN;
+                }
+            }
+
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(mNetwork);
+            if (nai == null) return ENOENT; // network does not exist anymore.
+            if (nai.isDestroyed()) return ENOENT; // network has already been destroyed.
+
+            // TODO: consider allowing the uid to bypass VPN on all networks before V.
+            if (!mDeps.isAtLeastV()) return EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+            // Check whether there has already been a delegate UID configured, if so, perform
+            // cleanup and disallow bypassing VPN for that UID if no other caller is delegating
+            // this UID.
+            // TODO: consider using exceptions instead of errnos.
+            final int errno = nai.removeCaptivePortalDelegateUid(this);
+            if (errno != 0) return errno;
+
+            // If uid == INVALID_UID, we are done.
+            if (uid == INVALID_UID) return 0;
+            return nai.setCaptivePortalDelegateUid(this, uid);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void setDelegateUid(int uid, @NonNull final IBinder callerBinder,
+                @NonNull final IIntResultListener listener) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(callerBinder);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(listener);
+            enforceAnyPermissionOf(mContext, NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                final int errno = handleSetDelegateUid(uid, callerBinder);
+                try {
+                    listener.onResult(errno);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // remote has died, nothing to do.
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
         @Nullable
         private NetworkMonitorManager getNetworkMonitorManager(final Network network) {
             // getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork is thread-safe
@@ -6371,6 +6457,13 @@
             // nai.networkMonitor() is thread-safe
             return nai.networkMonitor();
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            // Cleanup invalid UID and restore the VPN bypass rule. Because mDelegateUidCaller is
+            // never reset, it cannot be null in this context.
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleSetDelegateUid(INVALID_UID, mDelegateUidCaller));
+        }
     }
 
     public boolean avoidBadWifi() {
@@ -7710,6 +7803,28 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * NetworkCapabilities that were created as part of a NetworkOffer in response to a
+         * RESERVATION request. mReservedCapabilities is null if no current offer matches the
+         * RESERVATION request or if the request is not a RESERVATION. Matching is based on
+         * reservationId.
+         */
+        @Nullable
+        private NetworkCapabilities mReservedCapabilities;
+        @Nullable
+        NetworkCapabilities getReservedCapabilities() {
+            return mReservedCapabilities;
+        }
+
+        void setReservedCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities caps) {
+            // This function can only be called once. NetworkCapabilities are never reset as the
+            // reservation is released when the offer disappears.
+            if (mReservedCapabilities != null) {
+                logwtf("ReservedCapabilities can only be set once");
+            }
+            mReservedCapabilities = caps;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Get the list of UIDs this nri applies to.
          */
         @NonNull
@@ -8069,6 +8184,14 @@
             return PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE;
         }
 
+        public int getReservationId() {
+            // RESERVATIONs cannot be used in multilayer requests.
+            if (isMultilayerRequest()) return RES_ID_UNSET;
+            final NetworkRequest req = mRequests.get(0);
+            // Non-reservation types return RES_ID_UNSET.
+            return req.networkCapabilities.getReservationId();
+        }
+
         @Override
         public void binderDied() {
             // As an immutable collection, mRequests cannot change by the time the
@@ -8120,6 +8243,7 @@
         flags = maybeAppendDeclaredMethod(flags, CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED, "BLK", sb);
         flags = maybeAppendDeclaredMethod(flags, CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED,
                 "LOCALINF", sb);
+        flags = maybeAppendDeclaredMethod(flags, CALLBACK_RESERVED, "RES", sb);
         if (flags != 0) {
             sb.append("|0x").append(Integer.toHexString(flags));
         }
@@ -8324,6 +8448,7 @@
                 enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
                 // Fall-through since other checks are the same with normal requests.
             case REQUEST:
+            case RESERVATION:
                 networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
                 enforceNetworkRequestPermissions(networkCapabilities, callingPackageName,
                         callingAttributionTag, callingUid);
@@ -9121,11 +9246,7 @@
     }
 
     private void ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread() {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread: "
-                            + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -9291,6 +9412,18 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkRequestInfo maybeGetNriForReservedOffer(NetworkOfferInfo noi) {
+        final int reservationId = noi.offer.caps.getReservationId();
+        if (reservationId == RES_ID_UNSET) return null; // not a reserved offer.
+
+        for (NetworkRequestInfo nri : mNetworkRequests.values()) {
+            if (reservationId == nri.getReservationId()) return nri;
+        }
+        // The reservation was withdrawn or the reserving process died.
+        return null;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register or update a network offer.
      * @param newOffer The new offer. If the callback member is the same as an existing
@@ -9308,6 +9441,10 @@
         }
         final NetworkOfferInfo existingOffer = findNetworkOfferInfoByCallback(newOffer.callback);
         if (null != existingOffer) {
+            // TODO: to support updating the score for reserved offers by calling
+            // ConnectivityManager#offerNetwork with the same callback object or via
+            // updateOfferScore, prevent handleUnregisterNetworkOffer() from sending an
+            // onUnavailable() callback here.
             handleUnregisterNetworkOffer(existingOffer);
             newOffer.migrateFrom(existingOffer.offer);
             if (DBG) {
@@ -9320,6 +9457,25 @@
             }
         }
         final NetworkOfferInfo noi = new NetworkOfferInfo(newOffer);
+        final NetworkRequestInfo reservationNri = maybeGetNriForReservedOffer(noi);
+        if (reservationNri != null) {
+            // A NetworkRequest is only allowed to trigger a single reserved offer (and onReserved()
+            // callback). All subsequent offers are ignored. This either indicates a bug in the
+            // provider (e.g., responding twice to the same reservation, or updating the
+            // capabilities of a reserved offer), or multiple providers responding to the same offer
+            // (which could happen, but is not useful to the requesting app).
+            // TODO: add proper support for offer migration; i.e. allow the score of a reservation
+            // offer to be updated.
+            if (reservationNri.getReservedCapabilities() != null) {
+                loge("A reservation can only trigger a single offer; new offer is ignored.");
+                return;
+            }
+            // Always update the reserved offer before calling callCallbackForRequest.
+            reservationNri.setReservedCapabilities(noi.offer.caps);
+            callCallbackForRequest(
+                    reservationNri, null /* networkAgent */, CALLBACK_RESERVED, 0 /* arg1 */);
+        }
+
         try {
             noi.offer.callback.asBinder().linkToDeath(noi, 0 /* flags */);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -9340,6 +9496,19 @@
         // function may be called twice in a row, but the array will no longer contain
         // the offer.
         if (!mNetworkOffers.remove(noi)) return;
+
+        // If the offer was brought up as a result of a reservation, inform the RESERVATION request
+        // that it has disappeared. There is no need to reset nri.mReservedCapabilities to null, as
+        // CALLBACK_UNAVAIL will cause the request to be torn down. In addition, leaving
+        // nri.mReservedOffer set prevents an additional onReserved() callback in
+        // handleRegisterNetworkOffer() in the case of a migration (which would be ignored as it
+        // follows an onUnavailable).
+        final NetworkRequestInfo nri = maybeGetNriForReservedOffer(noi);
+        if (nri != null) {
+            handleRemoveNetworkRequest(nri);
+            callCallbackForRequest(nri, null /* networkAgent */, CALLBACK_UNAVAIL, 0 /* arg1 */);
+        }
+
         noi.offer.callback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(noi, 0 /* flags */);
     }
 
@@ -10270,8 +10439,7 @@
         return stableRanges;
     }
 
-    private void maybeCloseSockets(NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> ranges,
-            UidRangeParcel[] uidRangeParcels, int[] exemptUids) {
+    private void maybeCloseSockets(NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> ranges, int[] exemptUids) {
         if (nai.isVPN() && !nai.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass) {
             try {
                 if (mDeps.isAtLeastU()) {
@@ -10281,7 +10449,7 @@
                     }
                     mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSockets(UidRange.toIntRanges(ranges), exemptUidSet);
                 } else {
-                    mNetd.socketDestroy(uidRangeParcels, exemptUids);
+                    mNetd.socketDestroy(toUidRangeStableParcels(ranges), exemptUids);
                 }
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 loge("Exception in socket destroy: ", e);
@@ -10289,6 +10457,28 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void modifyNetworkUidRanges(boolean add, NetworkAgentInfo nai, UidRangeParcel[] ranges,
+            int preference) throws RemoteException {
+        // UID ranges can be added or removed to a network that has already been destroyed (e.g., if
+        // the network disconnects, or a a multilayer request is filed after
+        // unregisterAfterReplacement is called).
+        if (nai.isDestroyed()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config = new NativeUidRangeConfig(nai.network.netId,
+                ranges, preference);
+        if (add) {
+            mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(config);
+        } else {
+            mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void modifyNetworkUidRanges(boolean add, NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> uidRanges,
+            int preference) throws RemoteException {
+        modifyNetworkUidRanges(add, nai, toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRanges), preference);
+    }
+
     private void updateVpnUidRanges(boolean add, NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> uidRanges) {
         int[] exemptUids = new int[2];
         // TODO: Excluding VPN_UID is necessary in order to not to kill the TCP connection used
@@ -10296,24 +10486,17 @@
         // starting a legacy VPN, and remove VPN_UID here. (b/176542831)
         exemptUids[0] = VPN_UID;
         exemptUids[1] = nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid();
-        UidRangeParcel[] ranges = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRanges);
 
         // Close sockets before modifying uid ranges so that RST packets can reach to the server.
-        maybeCloseSockets(nai, uidRanges, ranges, exemptUids);
+        maybeCloseSockets(nai, uidRanges, exemptUids);
         try {
-            if (add) {
-                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                        nai.network.netId, ranges, PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN));
-            } else {
-                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                        nai.network.netId, ranges, PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN));
-            }
+            modifyNetworkUidRanges(add, nai, uidRanges, PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             loge("Exception while " + (add ? "adding" : "removing") + " uid ranges " + uidRanges +
                     " on netId " + nai.network.netId + ". " + e);
         }
         // Close sockets that established connection while requesting netd.
-        maybeCloseSockets(nai, uidRanges, ranges, exemptUids);
+        maybeCloseSockets(nai, uidRanges, exemptUids);
     }
 
     private boolean isProxySetOnAnyDefaultNetwork() {
@@ -10427,16 +10610,12 @@
         toAdd.removeAll(prevUids);
         try {
             if (!toAdd.isEmpty()) {
-                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                        nai.network.netId,
-                        intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toAdd),
-                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT));
+                modifyNetworkUidRanges(true /* add */, nai, intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toAdd),
+                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT);
             }
             if (!toRemove.isEmpty()) {
-                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                        nai.network.netId,
-                        intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toRemove),
-                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT));
+                modifyNetworkUidRanges(false /* add */, nai, intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toRemove),
+                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT);
             }
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
             // Has the interface disappeared since the network was built ?
@@ -10548,9 +10727,9 @@
         return bundle;
     }
 
-    // networkAgent is only allowed to be null if notificationType is
-    // CALLBACK_UNAVAIL. This is because UNAVAIL is about no network being
-    // available, while all other cases are about some particular network.
+    // networkAgent is only allowed to be null if notificationType is CALLBACK_UNAVAIL or
+    // CALLBACK_RESERVED. This is because, per definition, no network is available for UNAVAIL, and
+    // RESERVED callbacks happen when a NetworkOffer is created in response to a reservation.
     private void callCallbackForRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri,
             @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent, final int notificationType,
             final int arg1) {
@@ -10562,6 +10741,10 @@
         }
         // Even if a callback ends up not being sent, it may affect other callbacks in the queue, so
         // queue callbacks before checking the declared methods flags.
+        // UNAVAIL and RESERVED callbacks are safe not to be queued, because RESERVED must always be
+        // the first callback. In addition, RESERVED cannot be sent more than once and is only
+        // cancelled by UNVAIL.
+        // TODO: evaluate whether it makes sense to queue RESERVED callbacks.
         if (networkAgent != null && nri.maybeQueueCallback(networkAgent, notificationType)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -10569,14 +10752,24 @@
             // No need to send the notification as the recipient method is not overridden
             return;
         }
-        final Network bundleNetwork = notificationType == CALLBACK_UNAVAIL
-                ? null
-                : networkAgent.network;
+        // networkAgent is only null for UNAVAIL and RESERVED.
+        final Network bundleNetwork = (networkAgent != null) ? networkAgent.network : null;
         final Bundle bundle = makeCommonBundleForCallback(nri, bundleNetwork);
         final boolean includeLocationSensitiveInfo =
                 (nri.mCallbackFlags & NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO) != 0;
         final NetworkRequest nrForCallback = nri.getNetworkRequestForCallback();
         switch (notificationType) {
+            case CALLBACK_RESERVED: {
+                final NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                        createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
+                                networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
+                                        nri.getReservedCapabilities(), nri.mPid, nri.mUid),
+                                includeLocationSensitiveInfo, nri.mPid, nri.mUid,
+                                nrForCallback.getRequestorPackageName(),
+                                nri.mCallingAttributionTag);
+                putParcelable(bundle, nc);
+                break;
+            }
             case CALLBACK_AVAILABLE: {
                 final NetworkCapabilities nc =
                         createWithLocationInfoSanitizedIfNecessaryWhenParceled(
@@ -10791,16 +10984,12 @@
                         + " any applications to set as the default." + nri);
             }
             if (null != newDefaultNetwork) {
-                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                        newDefaultNetwork.network.getNetId(),
-                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
-                        nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd()));
+                modifyNetworkUidRanges(true /* add */, newDefaultNetwork, nri.getUids(),
+                        nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd());
             }
             if (null != oldDefaultNetwork) {
-                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                        oldDefaultNetwork.network.getNetId(),
-                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
-                        nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd()));
+                modifyNetworkUidRanges(false /* add */, oldDefaultNetwork, nri.getUids(),
+                        nri.getPreferenceOrderForNetd());
             }
         } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
             loge("Exception setting app default network", e);
@@ -13026,6 +13215,8 @@
         // Key is netId. Value is configured idle timer information.
         private final SparseArray<IdleTimerParams> mActiveIdleTimers = new SparseArray<>();
         private final boolean mTrackMultiNetworkActivities;
+        private final int mDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout;
+        private final int mDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout;
         // Store netIds of Wi-Fi networks whose idletimers report that they are active
         private final Set<Integer> mActiveWifiNetworks = new ArraySet<>();
         // Store netIds of cellular networks whose idletimers report that they are active
@@ -13042,18 +13233,18 @@
         }
 
         LegacyNetworkActivityTracker(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull INetd netd,
-                @NonNull Handler handler, boolean trackMultiNetworkActivities) {
+                @NonNull Handler handler, boolean trackMultiNetworkActivities,
+                int defaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout, int defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout) {
             mContext = context;
             mNetd = netd;
             mHandler = handler;
             mTrackMultiNetworkActivities = trackMultiNetworkActivities;
+            mDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout = defaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout;
+            mDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout = defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout;
         }
 
         private void ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread() {
-            if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("Not running on ConnectivityService thread: "
-                                + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-            }
+            HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -13249,13 +13440,13 @@
                     NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
                 timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                         ConnectivitySettingsManager.DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE,
-                        10);
+                        mDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout);
                 type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
             } else if (networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(
                     NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
                 timeout = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                         ConnectivitySettingsManager.DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI,
-                        15);
+                        mDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout);
                 type = NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
             } else {
                 return false; // do not track any other networks
@@ -13379,6 +13570,12 @@
 
         public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
             pw.print("mTrackMultiNetworkActivities="); pw.println(mTrackMultiNetworkActivities);
+
+            pw.print("mDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout=");
+            pw.println(mDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout);
+            pw.print("mDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout=");
+            pw.println(mDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout);
+
             pw.print("mIsDefaultNetworkActive="); pw.println(mIsDefaultNetworkActive);
             pw.print("mDefaultNetwork="); pw.println(mDefaultNetwork);
             pw.println("Idle timers:");
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
index 31108fc..c7d96de 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_SNDTIMEO;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils.IO_TIMEOUT_MS;
 
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@
      */
     @Nullable
     public AutomaticOnOffKeepalive getKeepaliveForBinder(@NonNull final IBinder token) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
 
         return CollectionUtils.findFirst(mAutomaticOnOffKeepalives,
                 it -> it.mCallback.asBinder().equals(token));
@@ -580,7 +581,7 @@
     }
 
     private void cleanupAutoOnOffKeepalive(@NonNull final AutomaticOnOffKeepalive autoKi) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         mKeepaliveStatsTracker.onStopKeepalive(autoKi.getNetwork(), autoKi.mKi.getSlot());
         autoKi.close();
         if (null != autoKi.mAlarmListener) mAlarmManager.cancel(autoKi.mAlarmListener);
@@ -693,7 +694,7 @@
      * This should be only be called in ConnectivityService handler thread.
      */
     public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         mKeepaliveTracker.dump(pw);
         // Reading DeviceConfig will check if the calling uid and calling package name are the same.
         // Clear calling identity to align the calling uid and package so that it won't fail if cts
@@ -771,7 +772,7 @@
     private boolean isAnyTcpSocketConnectedForFamily(FileDescriptor fd, int family, int networkMark,
             int networkMask)
             throws ErrnoException, InterruptedIOException {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         // Build SocketDiag messages and cache it.
         if (mSockDiagMsg.get(family) == null) {
             mSockDiagMsg.put(family, InetDiagMessage.buildInetDiagReqForAliveTcpSockets(family));
@@ -843,13 +844,6 @@
         return mark;
     }
 
-    private void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
-        if (mConnectivityServiceHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
-    }
-
     private long getTcpPollingIntervalMs(@NonNull AutomaticOnOffKeepalive ki) {
         final boolean useLowTimer = mTestLowTcpPollingTimerUntilMs > System.currentTimeMillis();
         // Adjust the polling interval to be smaller than the keepalive delay to preserve
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
index f5fa4fb..14a935f 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.CARRIER_SERVICE_CHANGED_USE_CALLBACK;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@
     private void simConfigChanged() {
         //  If mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled is false, constructor calls simConfigChanged
         if (mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled) {
-            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         }
         synchronized (mLock) {
             unregisterCarrierPrivilegesListeners();
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@
         public void onCarrierPrivilegesChanged(
                 @NonNull List<String> privilegedPackageNames,
                 @NonNull int[] privilegedUids) {
-            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
             if (mUseCallbacksForServiceChanged) return;
             // Re-trigger the synchronous check (which is also very cheap due
             // to caching in CarrierPrivilegesTracker). This allows consistency
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@
         @Override
         public void onCarrierServiceChanged(@Nullable final String carrierServicePackageName,
                 final int carrierServiceUid) {
-            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+            ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
             if (!mUseCallbacksForServiceChanged) {
                 // Re-trigger the synchronous check (which is also very cheap due
                 // to caching in CarrierPrivilegesTracker). This allows consistency
@@ -465,13 +466,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
-    }
-
     public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
         pw.println("CarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator:");
         pw.println("mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled = " + mRequestRestrictedWifiEnabled);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
index df87316..136ea81 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@
  */
 public final class ConnectivityFlags {
     /**
+     * Boot namespace for this module. Values from this should only be read at boot.
+     */
+    public static final String NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT = "tethering_boot";
+
+    /**
      * Minimum module version at which to avoid rematching all requests when a network request is
      * registered, and rematch only the registered requests instead.
      */
@@ -44,6 +49,11 @@
 
     public static final String BACKGROUND_FIREWALL_CHAIN = "background_firewall_chain";
 
+    public static final String CELLULAR_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT =
+            "cellular_data_inactivity_timeout";
+
+    public static final String WIFI_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT = "wifi_data_inactivity_timeout";
+
     public static final String DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS = "delay_destroy_sockets";
 
     public static final String USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS =
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java
index 21dbb45..8acd1c8 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTracker.java
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.OnSubscriptionsChangedListener;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -466,7 +468,7 @@
             int intervalSeconds,
             int appUid,
             boolean isAutoKeepalive) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         if (!isEnabled()) return;
         final int keepaliveId = getKeepaliveId(network, slot);
         if (keepaliveId == INVALID_KEEPALIVE_ID) return;
@@ -538,21 +540,21 @@
 
     /** Inform the KeepaliveStatsTracker a keepalive has just been paused. */
     public void onPauseKeepalive(@NonNull Network network, int slot) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         if (!isEnabled()) return;
         onKeepaliveActive(network, slot, /* keepaliveActive= */ false);
     }
 
     /** Inform the KeepaliveStatsTracker a keepalive has just been resumed. */
     public void onResumeKeepalive(@NonNull Network network, int slot) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         if (!isEnabled()) return;
         onKeepaliveActive(network, slot, /* keepaliveActive= */ true);
     }
 
     /** Inform the KeepaliveStatsTracker a keepalive has just been stopped. */
     public void onStopKeepalive(@NonNull Network network, int slot) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         if (!isEnabled()) return;
 
         final int keepaliveId = getKeepaliveId(network, slot);
@@ -615,7 +617,7 @@
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
     public @NonNull DailykeepaliveInfoReported buildKeepaliveMetrics() {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         final long timeNow = mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime();
         return buildKeepaliveMetrics(timeNow);
     }
@@ -673,7 +675,7 @@
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
     public @NonNull DailykeepaliveInfoReported buildAndResetMetrics() {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         final long timeNow = mDependencies.getElapsedRealtime();
 
         final DailykeepaliveInfoReported metrics = buildKeepaliveMetrics(timeNow);
@@ -750,7 +752,7 @@
 
     /** Writes the stored metrics to ConnectivityStatsLog and resets. */
     public void writeAndResetMetrics() {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         // Keepalive stats use repeated atoms, which are only supported on T+. If written to statsd
         // on S- they will bootloop the system, so they must not be sent on S-. See b/289471411.
         if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
@@ -771,17 +773,10 @@
 
     /** Dump KeepaliveStatsTracker state. */
     public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mConnectivityServiceHandler);
         pw.println("KeepaliveStatsTracker enabled: " + isEnabled());
         pw.increaseIndent();
         pw.println(buildKeepaliveMetrics().toString());
         pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
-
-    private void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
-        if (mConnectivityServiceHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
index a979681..37aef22 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.contains;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -500,7 +501,7 @@
         // Once this code is converted to StateMachine, it will be possible to use deferMessage to
         // ensure it stays in STARTING state until the interfaceLinkStateChanged notification fires,
         // and possibly use a timeout (or provide some guarantees at the lower layer) to address #1.
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mNetwork.handler());
         if (!isStarting() || !up || !Objects.equals(mIface, iface)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -524,7 +525,7 @@
      * Must be called on the handler thread.
      */
     public void handleInterfaceRemoved(String iface) {
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mNetwork.handler());
         if (!Objects.equals(mIface, iface)) {
             return;
         }
@@ -546,7 +547,7 @@
     @Nullable
     public Inet6Address translateV4toV6(@NonNull Inet4Address addr) {
         // Variables in Nat464Xlat should only be accessed from handler thread.
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mNetwork.handler());
         if (!isStarted()) return null;
 
         return convertv4ToClatv6(mNat64PrefixInUse, addr);
@@ -574,7 +575,7 @@
     @Nullable
     public Inet6Address getClatv6SrcAddress() {
         // Variables in Nat464Xlat should only be accessed from handler thread.
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mNetwork.handler());
 
         return mIPv6Address;
     }
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@
     @Nullable
     public Inet4Address getClatv4SrcAddress() {
         // Variables in Nat464Xlat should only be accessed from handler thread.
-        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread();
+        ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mNetwork.handler());
         if (!isStarted()) return null;
 
         final LinkAddress v4Addr = getLinkAddress(mIface);
@@ -594,13 +595,6 @@
         return (Inet4Address) v4Addr.getAddress();
     }
 
-    private void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
-        if (mNetwork.handler().getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Dump the NAT64 xlat information.
      *
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 76993a6..2686e4a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.transportNamesOf;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EIO;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EEXIST;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOENT;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog.CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_DISALLOW_BYPASS_VPN_FOR_DELEGATE_UID_ENOENT;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -57,9 +63,11 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes;
 import android.telephony.data.NrQosSessionAttributes;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
@@ -68,7 +76,10 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
+import com.android.net.module.util.FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.CaptivePortalImpl;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
@@ -573,6 +584,10 @@
     // For fast lookups. Indexes into mInactivityTimers by request ID.
     private final SparseArray<InactivityTimer> mInactivityTimerForRequest = new SparseArray<>();
 
+    // Map of delegated UIDs used to bypass VPN and its captive portal app caller.
+    private final ArrayMap<CaptivePortalImpl, Integer> mCaptivePortalDelegateUids =
+            new ArrayMap<>();
+
     // Inactivity expiry timer. Armed whenever mInactivityTimers is non-empty, regardless of
     // whether the network is inactive or not. Always set to the expiry of the mInactivityTimers
     // that expires last. When the timer fires, all inactivity state is cleared, and if the network
@@ -625,6 +640,7 @@
     private final Context mContext;
     private final Handler mHandler;
     private final QosCallbackTracker mQosCallbackTracker;
+    private final INetd mNetd;
 
     private final long mCreationTime;
 
@@ -654,6 +670,7 @@
         mConnServiceDeps = deps;
         setScore(score); // uses members connService, networkCapabilities and networkAgentConfig
         clatd = new Nat464Xlat(this, netd, dnsResolver, deps);
+        mNetd = netd;
         mContext = context;
         mHandler = handler;
         this.factorySerialNumber = factorySerialNumber;
@@ -1138,11 +1155,7 @@
      *         already present.
      */
     public boolean addRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread: "
-                            + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         NetworkRequest existing = mNetworkRequests.get(networkRequest.requestId);
         if (existing == networkRequest) return false;
         if (existing != null) {
@@ -1161,11 +1174,7 @@
      * Remove the specified request from this network.
      */
     public void removeRequest(int requestId) {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread: "
-                            + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         NetworkRequest existing = mNetworkRequests.get(requestId);
         if (existing == null) return;
         updateRequestCounts(REMOVE, existing);
@@ -1187,11 +1196,7 @@
      * network.
      */
     public NetworkRequest requestAt(int index) {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread: "
-                            + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         return mNetworkRequests.valueAt(index);
     }
 
@@ -1222,11 +1227,7 @@
      * Returns the number of requests of any type currently satisfied by this network.
      */
     public int numNetworkRequests() {
-        if (mHandler.getLooper().getThread() != Thread.currentThread()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "Not running on ConnectivityService thread: "
-                            + Thread.currentThread().getName());
-        }
+        HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         return mNetworkRequests.size();
     }
 
@@ -1564,6 +1565,58 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private int allowBypassVpnOnNetwork(boolean allow, int uid, int netId) {
+        try {
+            mNetd.networkAllowBypassVpnOnNetwork(allow, uid, netId);
+            return 0;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Netd has crashed, and this process is about to crash as well.
+            return EIO;
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            return e.errorCode;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the delegate UID of the app that is allowed to perform network traffic for captive
+     * portal login, and configure the netd bypass rule with this delegated UID.
+     *
+     * @param caller the captive portal app to that delegated UID
+     * @param uid the delegated UID of the captive portal app.
+     * @return Return 0 if set the UID and VPN bypass rule successfully or bypass rule corresponding
+     *                to this UID already exists otherwise return errno.
+     */
+    public int setCaptivePortalDelegateUid(@NonNull final CaptivePortalImpl caller, int uid) {
+        final int errorCode = allowBypassVpnOnNetwork(true /* allow */, uid, network.netId);
+        if (errorCode == 0 || errorCode == EEXIST) {
+            mCaptivePortalDelegateUids.put(caller, uid);
+        }
+        return errorCode == EEXIST ? 0 : errorCode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the delegate UID of the app that is allowed to perform network traffic for captive
+     * portal login, and remove the netd bypass rule if no other caller is delegating this UID.
+     *
+     * @param caller the captive portal app to that delegated UID.
+     * @return Return 0 if remove the UID and VPN bypass rule successfully or bypass rule
+     *                corresponding to this UID doesn't exist otherwise return errno.
+     */
+    public int removeCaptivePortalDelegateUid(@NonNull final CaptivePortalImpl caller) {
+        final Integer maybeDelegateUid = mCaptivePortalDelegateUids.remove(caller);
+        if (maybeDelegateUid == null) return 0;
+        if (mCaptivePortalDelegateUids.values().contains(maybeDelegateUid)) return 0;
+        final int errorCode =
+                allowBypassVpnOnNetwork(false /* allow */, maybeDelegateUid, network.netId);
+        if (errorCode == ENOENT) {
+            FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog.write(
+                    CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED,
+                    CORE_NETWORKING_TERRIBLE_ERROR_OCCURRED__ERROR_TYPE__TYPE_DISALLOW_BYPASS_VPN_FOR_DELEGATE_UID_ENOENT
+            );
+        }
+        return errorCode == ENOENT ? 0 : errorCode;
+    }
+
     private static boolean areAllowedUidsAcceptableFromNetworkAgent(
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc, final boolean hasAutomotiveFeature,
             @NonNull final ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps,
diff --git a/staticlibs/Android.bp b/staticlibs/Android.bp
index 85258f8..71e09fe 100644
--- a/staticlibs/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/Android.bp
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
+// This library shouldn't be used anymore (no class should be added), and per-user libraries like
+// net-utils-service-connectivity or net-utils-framework-wifi should be used instead.
 java_library {
     name: "net-utils-device-common",
     srcs: [
@@ -435,7 +437,11 @@
     sdk_version: "core_platform",
     srcs: [
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/FdEventsReader.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/JniUtil.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/SharedLog.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java",
         "framework/com/android/net/module/util/ByteUtils.java",
         "framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java",
         "framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsUtils.java",
@@ -625,6 +631,31 @@
     visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
 }
 
+// Filegroup to build lib used by IPsec/IKE framework
+// Any class here *must* have a corresponding jarjar rule in the IPsec build rules.
+filegroup {
+    name: "net-utils-framework-ipsec-common-srcs",
+    srcs: [
+        "framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java",
+    ],
+    path: "framework",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "net-utils-framework-ipsec",
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    srcs: [":net-utils-framework-ipsec-common-srcs"],
+    libs: [
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/IPsec",
+    ],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.ipsec"],
+}
+
 // Use a file group containing classes necessary for framework-connectivity. The file group should
 // be as small as possible because because the classes end up in the bootclasspath and R8 is not
 // used to remove unused classes.
@@ -645,6 +676,8 @@
     visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
 }
 
+// Sources outside of com.android.net.module.util should not be added because many modules depend on
+// them and need jarjar rules
 filegroup {
     name: "net-utils-all-srcs",
     srcs: [
@@ -697,3 +730,34 @@
     ],
     apex_available: ["com.android.wifi"],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "statslog-framework-connectivity-java-gen",
+    tools: ["stats-log-api-gen"],
+    cmd: "$(location stats-log-api-gen) --java $(out) --module connectivity --javaPackage com.android.net.module.util --javaClass FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog",
+    out: ["com/android/net/module/util/FrameworkConnectivityStatsLog.java"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "net-utils-service-vcn",
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    srcs: [
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-annotations-lib",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        // TODO: b/374174952 Remove it when VCN modularization is released
+        "//frameworks/base/packages/Vcn/service-b",
+
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service-b",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        // TODO: b/374174952 Remove it when VCN modularization is released
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java b/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
index d99eedc..8b2fe58 100644
--- a/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/client-libs/netd/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtils.java
@@ -149,21 +149,21 @@
     }
 
     /** Setup interface for tethering. */
-    public static void tetherInterface(final INetd netd, final String iface, final IpPrefix dest)
-            throws RemoteException, ServiceSpecificException {
-        tetherInterface(netd, iface, dest, 20 /* maxAttempts */, 50 /* pollingIntervalMs */);
+    public static void tetherInterface(final INetd netd, int netId, final String iface,
+            final IpPrefix dest) throws RemoteException, ServiceSpecificException {
+        tetherInterface(netd, netId, iface, dest, 20 /* maxAttempts */, 50 /* pollingIntervalMs */);
     }
 
     /** Setup interface with configurable retries for tethering. */
-    public static void tetherInterface(final INetd netd, final String iface, final IpPrefix dest,
-            int maxAttempts, int pollingIntervalMs)
+    public static void tetherInterface(final INetd netd, int netId, final String iface,
+            final IpPrefix dest, int maxAttempts, int pollingIntervalMs)
             throws RemoteException, ServiceSpecificException {
         netd.tetherInterfaceAdd(iface);
-        networkAddInterface(netd, iface, maxAttempts, pollingIntervalMs);
+        networkAddInterface(netd, netId, iface, maxAttempts, pollingIntervalMs);
         // Activate a route to dest and IPv6 link local.
-        modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID,
+        modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, netId,
                 new RouteInfo(dest, null, iface, RTN_UNICAST));
-        modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID,
+        modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, netId,
                 new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("fe80::/64"), null, iface, RTN_UNICAST));
     }
 
@@ -174,12 +174,12 @@
      * in use in netd because the ConnectivityService thread hasn't processed the disconnect yet.
      * See b/158269544 for detail.
      */
-    private static void networkAddInterface(final INetd netd, final String iface,
+    private static void networkAddInterface(final INetd netd, int netId, final String iface,
             int maxAttempts, int pollingIntervalMs)
             throws ServiceSpecificException, RemoteException {
         for (int i = 1; i <= maxAttempts; i++) {
             try {
-                netd.networkAddInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, iface);
+                netd.networkAddInterface(netId, iface);
                 return;
             } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
                 if (e.errorCode == EBUSY && i < maxAttempts) {
@@ -194,37 +194,38 @@
     }
 
     /** Reset interface for tethering. */
-    public static void untetherInterface(final INetd netd, String iface)
+    public static void untetherInterface(final INetd netd, int netId, String iface)
             throws RemoteException, ServiceSpecificException {
         try {
             netd.tetherInterfaceRemove(iface);
         } finally {
-            netd.networkRemoveInterface(INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, iface);
+            netd.networkRemoveInterface(netId, iface);
         }
     }
 
-    /** Add |routes| to local network. */
-    public static void addRoutesToLocalNetwork(final INetd netd, final String iface,
+    /** Add |routes| to the given network. */
+    public static void addRoutesToNetwork(final INetd netd, int netId, final String iface,
             final List<RouteInfo> routes) {
 
         for (RouteInfo route : routes) {
             if (!route.isDefaultRoute()) {
-                modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, route);
+                modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, netId, route);
             }
         }
 
         // IPv6 link local should be activated always.
-        modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID,
+        modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.ADD, netId,
                 new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("fe80::/64"), null, iface, RTN_UNICAST));
     }
 
-    /** Remove routes from local network. */
-    public static int removeRoutesFromLocalNetwork(final INetd netd, final List<RouteInfo> routes) {
+    /** Remove routes from the given network. */
+    public static int removeRoutesFromNetwork(final INetd netd, int netId,
+            final List<RouteInfo> routes) {
         int failures = 0;
 
         for (RouteInfo route : routes) {
             try {
-                modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.REMOVE, INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID, route);
+                modifyRoute(netd, ModifyOperation.REMOVE, netId, route);
             } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                 failures++;
             }
diff --git a/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtilsTest.java b/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtilsTest.java
index 5069672..c2fbb56 100644
--- a/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtilsTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/client-libs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/NetdUtilsTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
-import static android.net.INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.EBUSY;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
@@ -63,6 +62,7 @@
 
     private static final String IFACE = "TEST_IFACE";
     private static final IpPrefix TEST_IPPREFIX = new IpPrefix("192.168.42.1/24");
+    private static final int TEST_NET_ID = 123;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
             }
 
             throw new ServiceSpecificException(EBUSY);
-        }).when(mNetd).networkAddInterface(LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE);
+        }).when(mNetd).networkAddInterface(TEST_NET_ID, IFACE);
     }
 
     class Counter {
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
         setNetworkAddInterfaceOutcome(new ServiceSpecificException(expectedCode), expectedTries);
 
         try {
-            NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, IFACE, TEST_IPPREFIX, 20, 0);
+            NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, TEST_NET_ID, IFACE, TEST_IPPREFIX, 20, 0);
             fail("Expect throw ServiceSpecificException");
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
             assertEquals(e.errorCode, expectedCode);
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
         setNetworkAddInterfaceOutcome(new RemoteException(), expectedTries);
 
         try {
-            NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, IFACE, TEST_IPPREFIX, 20, 0);
+            NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, TEST_NET_ID, IFACE, TEST_IPPREFIX, 20, 0);
             fail("Expect throw RemoteException");
         } catch (RemoteException e) { }
 
@@ -187,18 +187,19 @@
 
     private void verifyNetworkAddInterfaceFails(int expectedTries) throws Exception {
         verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE);
-        verify(mNetd, times(expectedTries)).networkAddInterface(LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE);
+        verify(mNetd, times(expectedTries)).networkAddInterface(TEST_NET_ID, IFACE);
         verify(mNetd, never()).networkAddRoute(anyInt(), anyString(), any(), any());
+
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
     }
 
     private void verifyTetherInterfaceSucceeds(int expectedTries) throws Exception {
         setNetworkAddInterfaceOutcome(null, expectedTries);
 
-        NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, IFACE, TEST_IPPREFIX);
+        NetdUtils.tetherInterface(mNetd, TEST_NET_ID, IFACE, TEST_IPPREFIX);
         verify(mNetd).tetherInterfaceAdd(IFACE);
-        verify(mNetd, times(expectedTries)).networkAddInterface(LOCAL_NET_ID, IFACE);
-        verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(LOCAL_NET_ID), eq(IFACE), any(), any());
+        verify(mNetd, times(expectedTries)).networkAddInterface(TEST_NET_ID, IFACE);
+        verify(mNetd, times(2)).networkAddRoute(eq(TEST_NET_ID), eq(IFACE), any(), any());
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd);
         reset(mNetd);
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java
index c620368..991df8f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java
@@ -102,4 +102,37 @@
         if (e != null) throw e;
         return true;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures that the current running thread is the same as the thread associated with the given
+     * handler.
+     *
+     * @param handler The handler whose thread to compare.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if the thread associated with the given handler is not the same
+     *                               as the current running thread.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static void ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+        if (!isRunningOnHandlerThread(handler)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on Handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the current running thread is the same as the thread associated with the given
+     * handler.
+     *
+     * @param handler The handler whose thread to compare.
+     * @return {@code true} if the thread associated with the given handler is the same as the
+     *         current running thread, {@code false} otherwise.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean isRunningOnHandlerThread(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+        if (handler.getLooper().getThread() == Thread.currentThread()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/IIpv4PrefixRequest.aidl b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/IIpv4PrefixRequest.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc1c19c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/IIpv4PrefixRequest.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+
+/** @hide */
+// TODO: b/350630377 - This @Descriptor annotation workaround is to prevent the class from being
+// jarjared which changes the DESCRIPTOR and casues "java.lang.SecurityException: Binder invocation
+// to an incorrect interface" when calling the IPC.
+@Descriptor("value=no.jarjar.com.android.net.module.util.IIpv4PrefixRequest")
+interface IIpv4PrefixRequest {
+    void onIpv4PrefixConflict(in IpPrefix ipPrefix);
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/IRoutingCoordinator.aidl b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/IRoutingCoordinator.aidl
index 72a4a94..7688e6a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/IRoutingCoordinator.aidl
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/IRoutingCoordinator.aidl
@@ -16,8 +16,14 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.IIpv4PrefixRequest;
+
 /** @hide */
 // TODO: b/350630377 - This @Descriptor annotation workaround is to prevent the DESCRIPTOR from
 // being jarjared which changes the DESCRIPTOR and casues "java.lang.SecurityException: Binder
@@ -96,4 +102,41 @@
     *         cause of the failure.
     */
     void removeInterfaceForward(in String fromIface, in String toIface);
+
+    /** Update the prefix of an upstream. */
+    void updateUpstreamPrefix(in @nullable LinkProperties lp,
+                              in @nullable NetworkCapabilities nc,
+                              in Network network);
+
+    /** Remove the upstream prefix of the given {@link Network}. */
+    void removeUpstreamPrefix(in Network network);
+
+    /** Remove the deprecated upstream networks if any. */
+    void maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams();
+
+   /**
+    * Request an IPv4 address for the downstream. Return the last time used address for the
+    * provided (interfaceType, scope) pair if possible.
+    *
+    * @param interfaceType the Tethering type (see TetheringManager#TETHERING_*).
+    * @param scope CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL or CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL
+    * @param request a {@link IIpv4PrefixRequest} to report conflicts
+    * @return an IPv4 address allocated for the downstream, could be null
+    */
+    @nullable
+    LinkAddress requestStickyDownstreamAddress(
+            in int interfaceType,
+            in int scope,
+            in IIpv4PrefixRequest request);
+   /**
+    * Request an IPv4 address for the downstream.
+    *
+    * @param request a {@link IIpv4PrefixRequest} to report conflicts
+    * @return an IPv4 address allocated for the downstream, could be null
+    */
+    @nullable
+    LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(in IIpv4PrefixRequest request);
+
+    /** Release the IPv4 address allocated for the downstream. */
+    void releaseDownstream(in IIpv4PrefixRequest request);
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
similarity index 73%
rename from Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
rename to staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
index 1d5df61..bb95585 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PrivateAddressCoordinator.java
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
@@ -24,31 +24,31 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.prefixLengthToV4NetmaskIntHTH;
-import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
+import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
-import android.net.ip.IpServer;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
-import android.util.ArraySet;
 
-import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
@@ -60,39 +60,66 @@
  * coordinator is responsible for recording all of network assigned addresses and dispatched
  * free address to downstream interfaces.
  *
- * This class is not thread-safe and should be accessed on the same tethering internal thread.
+ * This class is not thread-safe.
  * @hide
  */
 public class PrivateAddressCoordinator {
     // WARNING: Keep in sync with chooseDownstreamAddress
     public static final int PREFIX_LENGTH = 24;
 
+    public static final String TETHER_FORCE_RANDOM_PREFIX_BASE_SELECTION =
+            "tether_force_random_prefix_base_selection";
+
     // Upstream monitor would be stopped when tethering is down. When tethering restart, downstream
     // address may be requested before coordinator get current upstream notification. To ensure
     // coordinator do not select conflict downstream prefix, mUpstreamPrefixMap would not be cleared
     // when tethering is down. Instead tethering would remove all deprecated upstreams from
     // mUpstreamPrefixMap when tethering is starting. See #maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams().
     private final ArrayMap<Network, List<IpPrefix>> mUpstreamPrefixMap;
-    private final ArraySet<IpServer> mDownstreams;
+    // The downstreams are indexed by Ipv4PrefixRequest, which is a wrapper of the Binder object of
+    // IIpv4PrefixRequest.
+    private final ArrayMap<Ipv4PrefixRequest, LinkAddress> mDownstreams;
     private static final String LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS = "192.168.49.1/24";
     private static final String LEGACY_BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDRESS = "192.168.44.1/24";
     private final List<IpPrefix> mTetheringPrefixes;
     // A supplier that returns ConnectivityManager#getAllNetworks.
     private final Supplier<Network[]> mGetAllNetworksSupplier;
-    private final boolean mIsRandomPrefixBaseEnabled;
-    private final boolean mShouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
     // keyed by downstream type(TetheringManager.TETHERING_*).
     private final ArrayMap<AddressKey, LinkAddress> mCachedAddresses;
     private final Random mRandom;
 
+    /** Capture PrivateAddressCoordinator dependencies for injection. */
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        private final Context mContext;
+
+        Dependencies(Context context) {
+            mContext = context;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Check whether or not one specific experimental feature is enabled according to {@link
+         * DeviceConfigUtils}.
+         *
+         * @param featureName The feature's name to look up.
+         * @return true if this feature is enabled, or false if disabled.
+         */
+        public boolean isFeatureEnabled(String featureName) {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(mContext, featureName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public PrivateAddressCoordinator(Supplier<Network[]> getAllNetworksSupplier, Context context) {
+        this(getAllNetworksSupplier, new Dependencies(context));
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
     public PrivateAddressCoordinator(Supplier<Network[]> getAllNetworksSupplier,
-            boolean isRandomPrefixBase,
-            boolean shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp) {
-        mDownstreams = new ArraySet<>();
+                                     Dependencies deps) {
+        mDownstreams = new ArrayMap<>();
         mUpstreamPrefixMap = new ArrayMap<>();
         mGetAllNetworksSupplier = getAllNetworksSupplier;
-        mIsRandomPrefixBaseEnabled = isRandomPrefixBase;
-        mShouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp = shouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp;
+        mDeps = deps;
         mCachedAddresses = new ArrayMap<AddressKey, LinkAddress>();
         // Reserved static addresses for bluetooth and wifi p2p.
         mCachedAddresses.put(new AddressKey(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
@@ -141,12 +168,18 @@
     }
 
     private void handleMaybePrefixConflict(final List<IpPrefix> prefixes) {
-        for (IpServer downstream : mDownstreams) {
-            final IpPrefix target = getDownstreamPrefix(downstream);
+        for (Map.Entry<Ipv4PrefixRequest, LinkAddress> entry : mDownstreams.entrySet()) {
+            final Ipv4PrefixRequest request = entry.getKey();
+            final LinkAddress downstream = entry.getValue();
+            final IpPrefix target = asIpPrefix(downstream);
 
             for (IpPrefix source : prefixes) {
                 if (isConflictPrefix(source, target)) {
-                    downstream.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT);
+                    try {
+                        request.getRequest().onIpv4PrefixConflict(target);
+                    } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                        // ignore
+                    }
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -172,37 +205,51 @@
         mUpstreamPrefixMap.removeAll(toBeRemoved);
     }
 
+    // TODO: There needs to be a reserveDownstreamAddress() method for the cases where
+    // TetheringRequest has been set a static IPv4 address.
+
     /**
-     * Pick a random available address and mark its prefix as in use for the provided IpServer,
-     * returns null if there is no available address.
+     * Request a downstream address for the provided IIpv4PrefixRequest.
+     *
+     * This method will first try to return the last time used address for the provided
+     * (interfaceType, scope) pair if possible. If not, it will pick a random available address and
+     * mark its prefix as in use for the provided IIpv4PrefixRequest.
      */
     @Nullable
-    public LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(final IpServer ipServer, final int scope,
-            boolean useLastAddress) {
-        if (mShouldEnableWifiP2pDedicatedIp
-                && ipServer.interfaceType() == TETHERING_WIFI_P2P) {
-            return new LinkAddress(LEGACY_WIFI_P2P_IFACE_ADDRESS);
-        }
-
-        final AddressKey addrKey = new AddressKey(ipServer.interfaceType(), scope);
+    public LinkAddress requestStickyDownstreamAddress(int interfaceType, final int scope,
+            IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        final Ipv4PrefixRequest wrappedRequest = new Ipv4PrefixRequest(request);
+        final AddressKey addrKey = new AddressKey(interfaceType, scope);
         // This ensures that tethering isn't started on 2 different interfaces with the same type.
         // Once tethering could support multiple interface with the same type,
         // TetheringSoftApCallback would need to handle it among others.
         final LinkAddress cachedAddress = mCachedAddresses.get(addrKey);
-        if (useLastAddress && cachedAddress != null
-                && !isConflictWithUpstream(asIpPrefix(cachedAddress))) {
-            mDownstreams.add(ipServer);
+        if (cachedAddress != null && !isConflictWithUpstream(asIpPrefix(cachedAddress))) {
+            mDownstreams.put(wrappedRequest, cachedAddress);
             return cachedAddress;
         }
 
+        final LinkAddress newAddress = requestDownstreamAddress(request);
+        if (newAddress != null) {
+            mCachedAddresses.put(addrKey, newAddress);
+        }
+        return newAddress;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pick a random available address and mark its prefix as in use for the provided
+     * IIpv4PrefixRequest. Return null if there is no available address.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        final Ipv4PrefixRequest wrappedRequest = new Ipv4PrefixRequest(request);
         final int prefixIndex = getRandomPrefixIndex();
         for (int i = 0; i < mTetheringPrefixes.size(); i++) {
             final IpPrefix prefixRange = mTetheringPrefixes.get(
                     (prefixIndex + i) % mTetheringPrefixes.size());
             final LinkAddress newAddress = chooseDownstreamAddress(prefixRange);
             if (newAddress != null) {
-                mDownstreams.add(ipServer);
-                mCachedAddresses.put(addrKey, newAddress);
+                mDownstreams.put(wrappedRequest, newAddress);
                 return newAddress;
             }
         }
@@ -212,7 +259,7 @@
     }
 
     private int getRandomPrefixIndex() {
-        if (!mIsRandomPrefixBaseEnabled) return 0;
+        if (!mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(TETHER_FORCE_RANDOM_PREFIX_BASE_SELECTION)) return 0;
 
         final int random = getRandomInt() & 0xffffff;
         // This is to select the starting prefix range (/8, /12, or /16) instead of the actual
@@ -305,8 +352,8 @@
     }
 
     /** Release downstream record for IpServer. */
-    public void releaseDownstream(final IpServer ipServer) {
-        mDownstreams.remove(ipServer);
+    public void releaseDownstream(IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        mDownstreams.remove(new Ipv4PrefixRequest(request));
     }
 
     /** Clear current upstream prefixes records. */
@@ -346,8 +393,8 @@
 
         // IpServer may use manually-defined address (mStaticIpv4ServerAddr) which does not include
         // in mCachedAddresses.
-        for (IpServer downstream : mDownstreams) {
-            final IpPrefix target = getDownstreamPrefix(downstream);
+        for (LinkAddress downstream : mDownstreams.values()) {
+            final IpPrefix target = asIpPrefix(downstream);
 
             if (isConflictPrefix(prefix, target)) return target;
         }
@@ -355,11 +402,33 @@
         return null;
     }
 
-    @NonNull
-    private IpPrefix getDownstreamPrefix(final IpServer downstream) {
-        final LinkAddress address = downstream.getAddress();
+    private static IpPrefix asIpPrefix(LinkAddress addr) {
+        return new IpPrefix(addr.getAddress(), addr.getPrefixLength());
+    }
 
-        return asIpPrefix(address);
+    private static final class Ipv4PrefixRequest {
+        private final IIpv4PrefixRequest mRequest;
+
+        Ipv4PrefixRequest(IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+            mRequest = request;
+        }
+
+        public IIpv4PrefixRequest getRequest() {
+            return mRequest;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (this == obj) return true;
+            if (!(obj instanceof Ipv4PrefixRequest)) return false;
+            return Objects.equals(
+                    mRequest.asBinder(), ((Ipv4PrefixRequest) obj).mRequest.asBinder());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hashCode(mRequest.asBinder());
+        }
     }
 
     private static class AddressKey {
@@ -390,33 +459,27 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void dump(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+    // TODO: dump PrivateAddressCoordinator when dumping RoutingCoordinatorService and apply
+    // indentation.
+    void dump(final PrintWriter pw) {
         pw.println("mTetheringPrefixes:");
-        pw.increaseIndent();
         for (IpPrefix prefix : mTetheringPrefixes) {
             pw.println(prefix);
         }
-        pw.decreaseIndent();
 
         pw.println("mUpstreamPrefixMap:");
-        pw.increaseIndent();
         for (int i = 0; i < mUpstreamPrefixMap.size(); i++) {
             pw.println(mUpstreamPrefixMap.keyAt(i) + " - " + mUpstreamPrefixMap.valueAt(i));
         }
-        pw.decreaseIndent();
 
         pw.println("mDownstreams:");
-        pw.increaseIndent();
-        for (IpServer ipServer : mDownstreams) {
-            pw.println(ipServer.interfaceType() + " - " + ipServer.getAddress());
+        for (LinkAddress downstream : mDownstreams.values()) {
+            pw.println(downstream);
         }
-        pw.decreaseIndent();
 
         pw.println("mCachedAddresses:");
-        pw.increaseIndent();
         for (int i = 0; i < mCachedAddresses.size(); i++) {
             pw.println(mCachedAddresses.keyAt(i) + " - " + mCachedAddresses.valueAt(i));
         }
-        pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorManager.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorManager.java
index 02e3643..f5af30c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorManager.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorManager.java
@@ -17,17 +17,27 @@
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 /**
  * A manager class for talking to the routing coordinator service.
  *
  * This class should only be used by the connectivity and tethering module. This is enforced
  * by the build rules. Do not change build rules to gain access to this class from elsewhere.
+ *
+ * This class has following functionalities:
+ * - Manage routes and forwarding for networks.
+ * - Manage IPv4 prefix allocation for network interfaces.
+ *
  * @hide
  */
 public class RoutingCoordinatorManager {
@@ -154,4 +164,77 @@
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
     }
+
+    // PrivateAddressCoordinator methods:
+
+    /** Update the prefix of an upstream. */
+    public void updateUpstreamPrefix(LinkProperties lp, NetworkCapabilities nc, Network network) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateUpstreamPrefix(lp, nc, network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove the upstream prefix of the given {@link Network}. */
+    public void removeUpstreamPrefix(Network network) {
+        try {
+            mService.removeUpstreamPrefix(network);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove the deprecated upstream networks if any. */
+    public void maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams() {
+        try {
+            mService.maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request an IPv4 address for the downstream. Return the last time used address for the
+     * provided (interfaceType, scope) pair if possible.
+     *
+     * @param interfaceType the Tethering type (see TetheringManager#TETHERING_*).
+     * @param scope CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL or CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL
+     * @param request a {@link IIpv4PrefixRequest} to report conflicts
+     * @return an IPv4 address allocated for the downstream, could be null
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public LinkAddress requestStickyDownstreamAddress(
+            int interfaceType,
+            int scope,
+            IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        try {
+            return mService.requestStickyDownstreamAddress(interfaceType, scope, request);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request an IPv4 address for the downstream.
+     *
+     * @param request a {@link IIpv4PrefixRequest} to report conflicts
+     * @return an IPv4 address allocated for the downstream, could be null
+     */
+    public LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        try {
+            return mService.requestDownstreamAddress(request);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Release the IPv4 address allocated for the downstream. */
+    public void releaseDownstream(IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        try {
+            mService.releaseDownstream(request);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorService.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorService.java
index c75b860..51eb47c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorService.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorService.java
@@ -19,8 +19,13 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils.toRouteInfoParcel;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.INetd;
 
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
@@ -28,8 +33,10 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 /**
  * Class to coordinate routing across multiple clients.
@@ -45,8 +52,22 @@
     private static final String TAG = RoutingCoordinatorService.class.getSimpleName();
     private final INetd mNetd;
 
-    public RoutingCoordinatorService(@NonNull INetd netd) {
+    private final Object mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock = new Object();
+    @GuardedBy("mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock")
+    private final PrivateAddressCoordinator mPrivateAddressCoordinator;
+
+    public RoutingCoordinatorService(@NonNull INetd netd,
+                                     @NonNull Supplier<Network[]> getAllNetworksSupplier,
+                                     @NonNull Context context) {
+        this(netd, getAllNetworksSupplier, new PrivateAddressCoordinator.Dependencies(context));
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public RoutingCoordinatorService(@NonNull INetd netd,
+                                     @NonNull Supplier<Network[]> getAllNetworksSupplier,
+                                     @NonNull PrivateAddressCoordinator.Dependencies pacDeps) {
         mNetd = netd;
+        mPrivateAddressCoordinator = new PrivateAddressCoordinator(getAllNetworksSupplier, pacDeps);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -225,4 +246,91 @@
             }
         }
     }
+
+    // PrivateAddressCoordinator methods:
+
+    /** Update the prefix of an upstream. */
+    @Override
+    public void updateUpstreamPrefix(LinkProperties lp, NetworkCapabilities nc, Network network) {
+        BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    synchronized (mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock) {
+                        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.updateUpstreamPrefix(lp, nc, network);
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    /** Remove the upstream prefix of the given {@link Network}. */
+    @Override
+    public void removeUpstreamPrefix(Network network) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(network);
+        BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    synchronized (mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock) {
+                        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.removeUpstreamPrefix(network);
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    /** Remove the deprecated upstream networks if any. */
+    @Override
+    public void maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams() {
+        BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    synchronized (mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock) {
+                        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.maybeRemoveDeprecatedUpstreams();
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request an IPv4 address for the downstream. Return the last time used address for the
+     * provided (interfaceType, scope) pair if possible.
+     *
+     * @param interfaceType the Tethering type (see TetheringManager#TETHERING_*).
+     * @param scope CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL or CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL
+     * @param request a {@link IIpv4PrefixRequest} to report conflicts
+     * @return an IPv4 address allocated for the downstream, could be null
+     */
+    @Override
+    public LinkAddress requestStickyDownstreamAddress(int interfaceType, int scope,
+            IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request);
+        return BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    synchronized (mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock) {
+                        return mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestStickyDownstreamAddress(
+                                interfaceType, scope, request);
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request an IPv4 address for the downstream.
+     *
+     * @param request a {@link IIpv4PrefixRequest} to report conflicts
+     * @return an IPv4 address allocated for the downstream, could be null
+     */
+    @Override
+    public LinkAddress requestDownstreamAddress(IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request);
+        return BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    synchronized (mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock) {
+                        return mPrivateAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(request);
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    /** Release the IPv4 address allocated for the downstream. */
+    @Override
+    public void releaseDownstream(IIpv4PrefixRequest request) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request);
+        BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
+                () -> {
+                    synchronized (mPrivateAddressCoordinatorLock) {
+                        mPrivateAddressCoordinator.releaseDownstream(request);
+                    }
+                });
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0de142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Contains mostly timerfd functionality.
+ */
+public class TimerFdUtils {
+    static {
+        final String jniLibName = JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(TimerFdUtils.class.getPackage());
+        if (jniLibName.equals("android_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni")) {
+            // This library is part of service-connectivity.jar when in the system server,
+            // so libservice-connectivity.so is the library to load.
+            System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+        } else {
+            System.loadLibrary(jniLibName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final String TAG = TimerFdUtils.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    /**
+     * Create a timerfd.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException if the timerfd creation is failed.
+     */
+    private static native int createTimerFd() throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Set given time to the timerfd.
+     *
+     * @param timeMs target time
+     * @throws IOException if setting expiration time is failed.
+     */
+    private static native void setTime(int fd, long timeMs) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a timerfd
+     */
+    static int createTimerFileDescriptor() {
+        try {
+            return createTimerFd();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "createTimerFd failed", e);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set expiration time to timerfd
+     */
+    static boolean setExpirationTime(int fd, long expirationTimeMs) {
+        try {
+            setTime(fd, expirationTimeMs);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "setExpirationTime failed", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8c0f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
+
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.MessageQueue;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.util.CloseGuard;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a Timer file descriptor object used for scheduling tasks with precise delays.
+ * Compared to {@link Handler#postDelayed}, this class offers enhanced accuracy for delayed
+ * callbacks by accounting for periods when the device is in deep sleep.
+ *
+ *  <p> This class is designed for use exclusively from the handler thread.
+ *
+ * **Usage Examples:**
+ *
+ * ** Scheduling recurring tasks with the same TimerFileDescriptor **
+ *
+ * ```java
+ * // Create a TimerFileDescriptor
+ * final TimerFileDescriptor timerFd = new TimerFileDescriptor(handler);
+ *
+ * // Schedule a new task with a delay.
+ * timerFd.setDelayedTask(() -> taskToExecute(), delayTime);
+ *
+ * // Once the delay has elapsed, and the task is running, schedule another task.
+ * timerFd.setDelayedTask(() -> anotherTaskToExecute(), anotherDelayTime);
+ *
+ * // Remember to close the TimerFileDescriptor after all tasks have finished running.
+ * timerFd.close();
+ * ```
+ */
+public class TimerFileDescriptor {
+    private static final String TAG = TimerFileDescriptor.class.getSimpleName();
+    // EVENT_ERROR may be generated even if not specified, as per its javadoc.
+    private static final int FD_EVENTS = EVENT_INPUT | EVENT_ERROR;
+    private final CloseGuard mGuard = new CloseGuard();
+    @NonNull
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    @NonNull
+    private final MessageQueue mQueue;
+    @NonNull
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mParcelFileDescriptor;
+    private final int mFdInt;
+    @Nullable
+    private ITask mTask;
+
+    /**
+     * An interface for defining tasks that can be executed using a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    public interface ITask {
+        /**
+         * Executes the task using the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for executing the task.
+         */
+        void post(Handler handler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A task that sends a {@link Message} using a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    public static class MessageTask implements ITask {
+        private final Message mMessage;
+
+        public MessageTask(Message message) {
+            mMessage = message;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sends the {@link Message} using the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for sending the message.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void post(Handler handler) {
+            handler.sendMessage(mMessage);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get scheduled message
+         */
+        public Message getMessage() {
+            return mMessage;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A task that posts a {@link Runnable} to a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    public static class RunnableTask implements ITask {
+        private final Runnable mRunnable;
+
+        public RunnableTask(Runnable runnable) {
+            mRunnable = runnable;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Posts the {@link Runnable} to the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for posting the runnable.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void post(Handler handler) {
+            handler.post(mRunnable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * TimerFileDescriptor constructor
+     *
+     * Note: The constructor is currently safe to call on another thread because it only sets final
+     * members and registers the event to be called on the handler.
+     */
+    public TimerFileDescriptor(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+        mFdInt = TimerFdUtils.createTimerFileDescriptor();
+        mParcelFileDescriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(mFdInt);
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mQueue = handler.getLooper().getQueue();
+        registerFdEventListener();
+
+        mGuard.open("close");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a task to be executed after a specified delay.
+     *
+     * <p> A task can only be scheduled once at a time. Cancel previous scheduled task before the
+     *     new task is scheduled.
+     *
+     * @param task the task to be executed
+     * @param delayMs the delay time in milliseconds
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if try to replace the current scheduled task
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the delay time is less than 0
+     */
+    public void setDelayedTask(@NonNull ITask task, long delayMs) {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        if (mTask != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("task is already scheduled");
+        }
+        if (delayMs <= 0L) {
+            task.post(mHandler);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt, delayMs)) {
+            mTask = task;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cancel the scheduled task.
+     */
+    public void cancelTask() {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        if (mTask == null) return;
+
+        TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt, 0 /* delayMs */);
+        mTask = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if there is a scheduled task.
+     */
+    public boolean hasDelayedTask() {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        return mTask != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close the TimerFileDescriptor. This implementation closes the underlying
+     * OS resources allocated to represent this stream.
+     */
+    public void close() {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        unregisterAndDestroyFd();
+    }
+
+    private void registerFdEventListener() {
+        mQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(
+                mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(),
+                FD_EVENTS,
+                (fd, events) -> {
+                    if (!isRunning()) {
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    if ((events & EVENT_INPUT) != 0) {
+                        handleExpiration();
+                    }
+                    return FD_EVENTS;
+                });
+    }
+
+    private boolean isRunning() {
+        return mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor().valid();
+    }
+
+    private void handleExpiration() {
+        // Execute the task
+        if (mTask != null) {
+            mTask.post(mHandler);
+            mTask = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterAndDestroyFd() {
+        if (mGuard != null) {
+            mGuard.close();
+        }
+
+        mQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor());
+        try {
+            mParcelFileDescriptor.close();
+        } catch (IOException exception) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "close ParcelFileDescriptor failed. ", exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureRunningOnCorrectThread() {
+        if (mHandler.getLooper() != Looper.myLooper()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on Handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("Finalize")
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        if (mGuard != null) {
+            mGuard.warnIfOpen();
+        }
+        super.finalize();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
index 781a04e..dfb2053 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
@@ -150,6 +150,8 @@
                 return (NetlinkMessage) RtNetlinkNeighborMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
             case NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT:
                 return (NetlinkMessage) NduseroptMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
+            case NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWPREFIX:
+                return (NetlinkMessage) RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
             default: return null;
         }
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
index f34159e..e2544d3 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkUtils.java
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_RCVTIMEO;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SO_SNDTIMEO;
 
-import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWLINK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.hexify;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.NLMSG_DONE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants.RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR;
@@ -56,9 +55,9 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
@@ -227,96 +226,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sends an RTM_NEWLINK message to kernel to set a network interface up or down.
-     *
-     * @param ifName  The name of the network interface to modify.
-     * @param isUp    {@code true} to set the interface up, {@code false} to set it down.
-     * @return {@code true} if the request was successfully sent, {@code false} otherwise.
-     */
-    public static boolean sendRtmSetLinkStateRequest(@NonNull String ifName, boolean isUp) {
-        final RtNetlinkLinkMessage msg = RtNetlinkLinkMessage.createSetLinkStateMessage(
-                ifName, 1 /*sequenceNumber*/, isUp);
-        if (msg == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        final byte[] bytes = msg.pack(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-        try {
-            NetlinkUtils.sendOneShotKernelMessage(NETLINK_ROUTE, bytes);
-            return true;
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Fail to set the interface " + ifName + " " + (isUp ? "up" : "down"), e);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sends an RTM_NEWLINK message to kernel to rename a network interface.
-     *
-     * @param ifName     The current name of the network interface.
-     * @param newIfName  The new name to assign to the interface.
-     * @return {@code true} if the request was successfully sent, {@code false} otherwise.
-     */
-    public static boolean sendRtmSetLinkNameRequest(
-            @NonNull String ifName, @NonNull String newIfName) {
-        final RtNetlinkLinkMessage msg = RtNetlinkLinkMessage.createSetLinkNameMessage(
-                ifName, 1 /*sequenceNumber*/, newIfName);
-        if (msg == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        final byte[] bytes = msg.pack(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-        try {
-            NetlinkUtils.sendOneShotKernelMessage(NETLINK_ROUTE, bytes);
-            return true;
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Fail to rename the interface from " + ifName + " to " + newIfName, e);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the information of a network interface using a Netlink message.
-     * <p>
-     * This method sends a Netlink message to the kernel to request information about the specified
-     * network interface and returns a {@link RtNetlinkLinkMessage} containing the interface status.
-     *
-     * @param ifName The name of the network interface to query.
-     * @return An {@link RtNetlinkLinkMessage} containing the interface status, or {@code null} if
-     *         the interface does not exist or an error occurred during the query.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    public static RtNetlinkLinkMessage getLinkRequest(@NonNull String ifName) {
-        final int ifIndex = new OsAccess().if_nametoindex(ifName);
-        if (ifIndex == OsAccess.INVALID_INTERFACE_INDEX) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        final AtomicReference<RtNetlinkLinkMessage> recvMsg = new AtomicReference<>();
-        final Consumer<RtNetlinkLinkMessage> handleNlMsg = (msg) -> {
-            if (msg.getHeader().nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWLINK
-                    && msg.getIfinfoHeader().index == ifIndex) {
-                recvMsg.set(msg);
-            }
-        };
-
-        final RtNetlinkLinkMessage msg = RtNetlinkLinkMessage.createGetLinkMessage(
-                ifName, 1 /*sequenceNumber*/);
-        if (msg == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        final byte[] bytes = msg.pack(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
-        try {
-            NetlinkUtils.getAndProcessNetlinkDumpMessages(
-                    bytes, NETLINK_ROUTE, RtNetlinkLinkMessage.class, handleNlMsg);
-        } catch (SocketException | InterruptedIOException | ErrnoException e) {
-            // Nothing we can do here.
-        }
-        return recvMsg.get();
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Create netlink socket with the given netlink protocol type and buffersize.
      *
      * @param nlProto the netlink protocol
@@ -561,4 +470,31 @@
             // Nothing we can do here
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends a netlink request to set flags for given interface
+     *
+     * @param interfaceName The name of the network interface to query.
+     * @param flags power-of-two integer flags to set or unset. A flag to set should be passed as
+     *        is as a power-of-two value, and a flag to remove should be passed inversed as -1 with
+     *        a single bit down. For example: IFF_UP, ~IFF_BROADCAST...
+     * @return true if the request finished successfully, otherwise false.
+     */
+    public static boolean setInterfaceFlags(@NonNull String interfaceName, int... flags) {
+        final RtNetlinkLinkMessage ntMsg =
+                RtNetlinkLinkMessage.createSetFlagsMessage(interfaceName, /*seqNo*/ 0, flags);
+        if (ntMsg == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to create message to set interface flags for interface "
+                    + interfaceName + ", input flags are: " + Arrays.toString(flags));
+            return false;
+        }
+        final byte[] msg = ntMsg.pack(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        try {
+            NetlinkUtils.sendOneShotKernelMessage(NETLINK_ROUTE, msg);
+            return true;
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to set flags for: " + interfaceName, e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
index 037d95f..1afe3b8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessage.java
@@ -312,6 +312,57 @@
                 DEFAULT_MTU, null, null);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates an {@link RtNetlinkLinkMessage} instance that can be used to set the flags of a
+     * network interface.
+     *
+     * @param interfaceName The name of the network interface to query.
+     * @param sequenceNumber The sequence number for the Netlink message.
+     * @param flags power-of-two integer flags to set or unset. A flag to set should be passed as
+     *        is as a power-of-two value, and a flag to remove should be passed inversed as -1 with
+     *        a single bit down. For example: IFF_UP, ~IFF_BROADCAST...
+     * @return An `RtNetlinkLinkMessage` instance representing the request to query the interface.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static RtNetlinkLinkMessage createSetFlagsMessage(@NonNull String interfaceName,
+            int sequenceNumber, int... flags) {
+        return createSetFlagsMessage(
+                interfaceName, sequenceNumber, new OsAccess(), flags);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @Nullable
+    protected static RtNetlinkLinkMessage createSetFlagsMessage(
+            @NonNull String interfaceName, int sequenceNumber, @NonNull OsAccess osAccess,
+            int... flags) {
+        final int interfaceIndex = osAccess.if_nametoindex(interfaceName);
+        if (interfaceIndex == OsAccess.INVALID_INTERFACE_INDEX) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        int flagsBits = 0;
+        int changeBits = 0;
+        for (int f : flags) {
+            if (Integer.bitCount(f) == 1) {
+                flagsBits |= f;
+                changeBits |= f;
+            } else if (Integer.bitCount(~f) == 1) {
+                flagsBits &= f;
+                changeBits |= ~f;
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        // RTM_NEWLINK is used here for create, modify, or notify changes about a internet
+        // interface, including change in administrative state. While RTM_SETLINK is used to
+        // modify an existing link rather than creating a new one.
+        return RtNetlinkLinkMessage.build(
+                new StructNlMsgHdr(/*payloadLen*/ 0, RTM_NEWLINK, NLM_F_REQUEST, sequenceNumber),
+                new StructIfinfoMsg((short) AF_UNSPEC, /*type*/ 0, interfaceIndex,
+                        flagsBits, changeBits),
+                DEFAULT_MTU, /*hardwareAddress*/ null, /*interfaceName*/ null);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "RtNetlinkLinkMessage{ "
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c63fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * A NetlinkMessage subclass for rtnetlink address messages.
+ *
+ * RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.parse() must be called with a ByteBuffer that contains exactly one
+ * netlink message.
+ *
+ * see also:
+ *
+ *     include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class RtNetlinkPrefixMessage extends NetlinkMessage {
+    public static final short PREFIX_ADDRESS       = 1;
+    public static final short PREFIX_CACHEINFO     = 2;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private StructPrefixMsg mPrefixmsg;
+    @NonNull
+    private IpPrefix mPrefix;
+    private long mPreferredLifetime;
+    private long mValidLifetime;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public RtNetlinkPrefixMessage(@NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header,
+            @NonNull final StructPrefixMsg prefixmsg,
+            @NonNull final IpPrefix prefix,
+            long preferred, long valid) {
+        super(header);
+        mPrefixmsg = prefixmsg;
+        mPrefix = prefix;
+        mPreferredLifetime = preferred;
+        mValidLifetime = valid;
+    }
+
+    private RtNetlinkPrefixMessage(@NonNull StructNlMsgHdr header) {
+        this(header, null, null, 0 /* preferredLifetime */, 0 /* validLifetime */);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public StructPrefixMsg getPrefixMsg() {
+        return mPrefixmsg;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public IpPrefix getPrefix() {
+        return mPrefix;
+    }
+
+    public long getPreferredLifetime() {
+        return mPreferredLifetime;
+    }
+
+    public long getValidLifetime() {
+        return mValidLifetime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse rtnetlink prefix message from {@link ByteBuffer}. This method must be called with a
+     * ByteBuffer that contains exactly one netlink message.
+     *
+     * RTM_NEWPREFIX Message Format:
+     *  +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+---------------------+-----------------------+
+     *  | nlmsghdr | Pad |  prefixmsg  | Pad | PREFIX_ADDRESS attr | PREFIX_CACHEINFO attr |
+     *  +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+---------------------+-----------------------+
+     *
+     * @param header netlink message header.
+     * @param byteBuffer the ByteBuffer instance that wraps the raw netlink message bytes.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static RtNetlinkPrefixMessage parse(@NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header,
+            @NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        try {
+            final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage msg = new RtNetlinkPrefixMessage(header);
+            msg.mPrefixmsg = StructPrefixMsg.parse(byteBuffer);
+
+            // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+            final int baseOffset = byteBuffer.position();
+            StructNlAttr nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(PREFIX_ADDRESS, byteBuffer);
+            if (nlAttr == null) return null;
+            final Inet6Address addr = (Inet6Address) nlAttr.getValueAsInetAddress();
+            if (addr == null) return null;
+            msg.mPrefix = new IpPrefix(addr, msg.mPrefixmsg.prefix_len);
+
+            // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+            byteBuffer.position(baseOffset);
+            nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(PREFIX_CACHEINFO, byteBuffer);
+            if (nlAttr == null) return null;
+            final ByteBuffer buffer = nlAttr.getValueAsByteBuffer();
+            if (buffer == null) return null;
+            final StructPrefixCacheInfo cacheinfo = StructPrefixCacheInfo.parse(buffer);
+            msg.mPreferredLifetime = cacheinfo.preferred_time;
+            msg.mValidLifetime = cacheinfo.valid_time;
+
+            return msg;
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a rtnetlink prefix message to {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected void pack(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        getHeader().pack(byteBuffer);
+        mPrefixmsg.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        // PREFIX_ADDRESS attribute
+        final StructNlAttr prefixAddress =
+                new StructNlAttr(PREFIX_ADDRESS, mPrefix.getRawAddress());
+        prefixAddress.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        // PREFIX_CACHEINFO attribute
+        final StructPrefixCacheInfo cacheinfo =
+                new StructPrefixCacheInfo(mPreferredLifetime, mValidLifetime);
+        final StructNlAttr prefixCacheinfo =
+                new StructNlAttr(PREFIX_CACHEINFO, cacheinfo.writeToBytes());
+        prefixCacheinfo.pack(byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "RtNetlinkPrefixMessage{ "
+                + "nlmsghdr{" + mHeader.toString(OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE) + "}, "
+                + "prefixmsg{" + mPrefixmsg.toString() + "}, "
+                + "IP Prefix{" + mPrefix + "}, "
+                + "preferred lifetime{" + mPreferredLifetime + "}, "
+                + "valid lifetime{" + mValidLifetime + "} "
+                + "}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
index f3d8c4a..760d849 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -413,4 +414,68 @@
         }
         return -1;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Concatenates multiple arrays of the same type into a single new array.
+     */
+    public static byte[] concatArrays(@NonNull byte[]... arr) {
+        int size = 0;
+        for (byte[] a : arr) {
+            size += a.length;
+        }
+        final byte[] result = new byte[size];
+        int offset = 0;
+        for (byte[] a : arr) {
+            System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, offset, a.length);
+            offset += a.length;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Concatenates multiple arrays of the same type into a single new array.
+     */
+    public static <T> T[] concatArrays(@NonNull Class<T> clazz, @NonNull T[]... arr) {
+        int size = 0;
+        for (T[] a : arr) {
+            size += a.length;
+        }
+        final T[] result = (T[]) Array.newInstance(clazz, size);
+        int offset = 0;
+        for (T[] a : arr) {
+            System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, offset, a.length);
+            offset += a.length;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepends the elements of a variable number of prefixes to an existing array (suffix).
+     */
+    public static byte[] prependArray(@NonNull byte[] suffix, @NonNull byte... prefixes) {
+        return concatArrays(prefixes, suffix);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepends the elements of a variable number of prefixes to an existing array (suffix).
+     */
+    public static <T> T[] prependArray(@NonNull Class<T> clazz, @NonNull T[] suffix,
+            @NonNull T... prefixes) {
+        return concatArrays(clazz, prefixes, suffix);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the elements of a variable number of suffixes to an existing array (prefix).
+     */
+    public static byte[] appendArray(@NonNull byte[] prefix, @NonNull byte... suffixes) {
+        return concatArrays(prefix, suffixes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the elements of a variable number of suffixes to an existing array (prefix).
+     */
+    public static <T> T[] appendArray(@NonNull Class<T> clazz, @NonNull T[] prefix,
+            @NonNull T... suffixes) {
+        return concatArrays(clazz, prefix, suffixes);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java
index 63106a1..b0c5e2e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/DnsPacket.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
-public abstract class DnsPacket {
+public class DnsPacket {
     /**
      * Type of the canonical name for an alias. Refer to RFC 1035 section 3.2.2.
      */
@@ -515,7 +515,14 @@
     protected final DnsHeader mHeader;
     protected final List<DnsRecord>[] mRecords;
 
-    protected DnsPacket(@NonNull byte[] data) throws ParseException {
+    /**
+     * Returns the list of DNS records for a given section.
+     */
+    public List<DnsRecord> getRecords(@RecordType int section) {
+        return mRecords[section];
+    }
+
+    public DnsPacket(@NonNull byte[] data) throws ParseException {
         if (null == data) {
             throw new ParseException("Parse header failed, null input data");
         }
@@ -548,7 +555,7 @@
      *
      * Note that authority records section and additional records section is not supported.
      */
-    protected DnsPacket(@NonNull DnsHeader header, @NonNull List<DnsRecord> qd,
+    public DnsPacket(@NonNull DnsHeader header, @NonNull List<DnsRecord> qd,
             @NonNull List<DnsRecord> an) {
         mHeader = Objects.requireNonNull(header);
         mRecords = new List[NUM_SECTIONS];
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java
index a22c258..409f611 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
         if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return (c - 'A' + 10);
         if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return (c - 'a' + 10);
 
-        throw new RuntimeException("Invalid hex char '" + c + "'");
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid hex char '" + c + "'");
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiry.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiry.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d995a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.util.LruCache;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * A thread-safe LRU cache that stores key-value pairs with an expiry time.
+ *
+ * <p>This cache uses an {@link LruCache} to store entries and evicts the least
+ * recently used entries when the cache reaches its maximum capacity. It also
+ * supports an expiry time for each entry, allowing entries to be automatically
+ * removed from the cache after a certain duration.
+ *
+ * @param <K> The type of keys used to identify cached entries.
+ * @param <V> The type of values stored in the cache.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class LruCacheWithExpiry<K, V> {
+    private final LongSupplier mTimeSupplier;
+    private final long mExpiryDurationMs;
+    @GuardedBy("mMap")
+    private final LruCache<K, CacheValue<V>> mMap;
+    private final Predicate<V> mShouldCacheValue;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@link LruCacheWithExpiry} with the specified parameters.
+     *
+     * @param timeSupplier     The {@link java.util.function.LongSupplier} to use for
+     *                         determining timestamps.
+     * @param expiryDurationMs The expiry duration for cached entries in milliseconds.
+     * @param maxSize          The maximum number of entries to hold in the cache.
+     * @param shouldCacheValue A {@link Predicate} that determines whether a given value should be
+     *                         cached. This can be used to filter out certain values from being
+     *                         stored in the cache.
+     */
+    public LruCacheWithExpiry(@NonNull LongSupplier timeSupplier, long expiryDurationMs,
+            int maxSize, Predicate<V> shouldCacheValue) {
+        mTimeSupplier = timeSupplier;
+        mExpiryDurationMs = expiryDurationMs;
+        mMap = new LruCache<>(maxSize);
+        mShouldCacheValue = shouldCacheValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a value from the cache, associated with the given key.
+     *
+     * @param key The key to look up in the cache.
+     * @return The cached value, or {@code null} if not found or expired.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public V get(@NonNull K key) {
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            final CacheValue<V> value = mMap.get(key);
+            if (value != null && !isExpired(value.timestamp)) {
+                return value.entry;
+            } else {
+                mMap.remove(key); // Remove expired entries
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a value from the cache, associated with the given key.
+     * If the entry is not found in the cache or has expired, computes it using the provided
+     * {@code supplier} and stores the result in the cache.
+     *
+     * @param key      The key to look up in the cache.
+     * @param supplier The {@link Supplier} to compute the value if not found or expired.
+     * @return The cached or computed value, or {@code null} if the {@code supplier} returns null.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public V getOrCompute(@NonNull K key, @NonNull Supplier<V> supplier) {
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            final V cachedValue = get(key);
+            if (cachedValue != null) {
+                return cachedValue;
+            }
+
+            // Entry not found or expired, compute it
+            final V computedValue = supplier.get();
+            if (computedValue != null && mShouldCacheValue.test(computedValue)) {
+                put(key, computedValue);
+            }
+            return computedValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a value in the cache, associated with the given key.
+     *
+     * @param key   The key to associate with the value.
+     * @param value The value to store in the cache.
+     */
+    public void put(@NonNull K key, @NonNull V value) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            mMap.put(key, new CacheValue<>(mTimeSupplier.getAsLong(), value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a value in the cache if absent, associated with the given key.
+     *
+     * @param key   The key to associate with the value.
+     * @param value The value to store in the cache.
+     * @return The existing value associated with the key, if present; otherwise, null.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public V putIfAbsent(@NonNull K key, @NonNull V value) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            final V existingValue = get(key);
+            if (existingValue == null) {
+                put(key, value);
+            }
+            return existingValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the cache.
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            mMap.evictAll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isExpired(long timestamp) {
+        return mTimeSupplier.getAsLong() > timestamp + mExpiryDurationMs;
+    }
+
+    private static class CacheValue<V> {
+        public final long timestamp;
+        @NonNull
+        public final V entry;
+
+        CacheValue(long timestamp, V entry) {
+            this.timestamp = timestamp;
+            this.entry = entry;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
index f1ff2e4..4878334 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
@@ -100,6 +100,15 @@
     public static final int IPV4_ADDR_LEN = 4;
     public static final int IPV4_FLAG_MF = 0x2000;
     public static final int IPV4_FLAG_DF = 0x4000;
+    public static final int IPV4_PROTOCOL_IGMP = 2;
+    public static final int IPV4_IGMP_MIN_SIZE = 8;
+    public static final int IPV4_IGMP_GROUP_RECORD_SIZE = 8;
+    public static final int IPV4_IGMP_TYPE_V1_REPORT = 0x12;
+    public static final int IPV4_IGMP_TYPE_V2_JOIN_REPORT = 0x16;
+    public static final int IPV4_IGMP_TYPE_V2_LEAVE_REPORT = 0x17;
+    public static final int IPV4_IGMP_TYPE_V3_REPORT = 0x22;
+    public static final int IPV4_OPTION_TYPE_ROUTER_ALERT = 0x94;
+    public static final int IPV4_OPTION_LEN_ROUTER_ALERT = 4;
     // getSockOpt() for v4 MTU
     public static final int IP_MTU = 14;
     public static final Inet4Address IPV4_ADDR_ALL = makeInet4Address(
@@ -111,6 +120,8 @@
             (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0,
             (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0,
             (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0 });
+    public static final Inet4Address IPV4_ADDR_ALL_HOST_MULTICAST =
+            (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("224.0.0.1");
 
     /**
      * CLAT constants
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
index 0d7d96f..0fa91d5 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/PermissionUtils.java
@@ -192,6 +192,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Enforces that the given package name belongs to the given uid.
+     * Note: b/377758490 - Figure out how to correct this to avoid mis-usage.
+     * Meanwhile, avoid calling this method from the networkstack.
      *
      * @param context {@link android.content.Context} for the process.
      * @param uid User ID to check the package ownership for.
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp
index 969ebd4..9a58a93 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     header_libs: [
         "bpf_headers",
         "jni_headers",
+        "libbase_headers",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
index 1923ceb..d862f6b 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
@@ -24,37 +24,38 @@
 #include "nativehelper/scoped_primitive_array.h"
 #include "nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h"
 
-#define BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
-
 #include "bpf/KernelUtils.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
+using ::android::base::unique_fd;
+
 static jint com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap_nativeBpfFdGet(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
         jstring path, jint mode, jint keySize, jint valueSize) {
     ScopedUtfChars pathname(env, path);
 
-    jint fd = -1;
+    unique_fd fd;
     switch (mode) {
       case 0:
-        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRW(pathname.c_str());
+        fd.reset(bpf::mapRetrieveRW(pathname.c_str()));
         break;
       case BPF_F_RDONLY:
-        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRO(pathname.c_str());
+        fd.reset(bpf::mapRetrieveRO(pathname.c_str()));
         break;
       case BPF_F_WRONLY:
-        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveWO(pathname.c_str());
+        fd.reset(bpf::mapRetrieveWO(pathname.c_str()));
         break;
       case BPF_F_RDONLY|BPF_F_WRONLY:
-        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(pathname.c_str());
+        fd.reset(bpf::mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(pathname.c_str()));
         break;
       default:
         errno = EINVAL;
         break;
     }
 
-    if (fd < 0) {
+    if (!fd.ok()) {
         jniThrowErrnoException(env, "nativeBpfFdGet", errno);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -62,18 +63,16 @@
     if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
         // These likely fail with -1 and set errno to EINVAL on <4.14
         if (bpf::bpfGetFdKeySize(fd) != keySize) {
-            close(fd);
             jniThrowErrnoException(env, "nativeBpfFdGet KeySize", EBADFD);
             return -1;
         }
         if (bpf::bpfGetFdValueSize(fd) != valueSize) {
-            close(fd);
             jniThrowErrnoException(env, "nativeBpfFdGet ValueSize", EBADFD);
             return -1;
         }
     }
 
-    return fd;
+    return fd.release();
 }
 
 static void com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap_nativeWriteToMapEntry(JNIEnv *env, jobject self,
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..939a2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
+    srcs: [
+        "com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "jni_headers",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp b/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4c960d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/native/timerfdutils/com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/timerfd.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define MSEC_PER_SEC 1000
+#define NSEC_PER_MSEC 1000000
+
+namespace android {
+
+static jint
+com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_createTimerFd(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                       jclass clazz) {
+  int tfd;
+  tfd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, 0);
+  if (tfd == -1) {
+    jniThrowErrnoException(env, "createTimerFd", tfd);
+  }
+  return tfd;
+}
+
+static void
+com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_setTime(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
+                                                 jint tfd, jlong milliseconds) {
+  struct itimerspec new_value;
+  new_value.it_value.tv_sec = milliseconds / MSEC_PER_SEC;
+  new_value.it_value.tv_nsec = (milliseconds % MSEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
+  // Set the interval time to 0 because it's designed for repeated timer expirations after the
+  // initial expiration, which doesn't fit the current usage.
+  new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
+  new_value.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
+
+  int ret = timerfd_settime(tfd, 0, &new_value, NULL);
+  if (ret == -1) {
+    jniThrowErrnoException(env, "setTime", ret);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * JNI registration.
+ */
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    {"createTimerFd", "()I",
+     (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_createTimerFd},
+    {"setTime", "(IJ)V",
+     (void *)com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils_setTime},
+};
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                      char const *class_name) {
+  return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, class_name, gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 8c54e6a..9d1d291 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
         // For mockito extended
         "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
         "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+        "libcom_android_net_moduletests_util_jni",
     ],
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/apf_utils_test.py b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/apf_utils_test.py
index 2885460..419b338 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/apf_utils_test.py
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/apf_utils_test.py
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
     get_ipv6_addresses,
     get_hardware_address,
     is_send_raw_packet_downstream_supported,
+    is_packet_capture_supported,
+    start_capture_packets,
+    stop_capture_packets,
+    get_matched_packet_counts,
     send_raw_packet_downstream,
 )
 from net_tests_utils.host.python.assert_utils import UnexpectedBehaviorError
@@ -208,6 +212,144 @@
         "Send raw packet should not be supported.",
     )
 
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_start_capture_success(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.return_value = "success"  # Successful command output
+      start_capture_packets(
+          self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME
+      )
+      mock_adb_shell.assert_called_once_with(
+          self.mock_ad,
+          "cmd network_stack capture start"
+          f" {TEST_IFACE_NAME}"
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_start_capture_failure(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.return_value = (  # Unexpected command output
+          "Any Unexpected Output"
+      )
+      with asserts.assert_raises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+          start_capture_packets(
+              self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME
+          )
+      asserts.assert_true(
+          is_packet_capture_supported(self.mock_ad),
+          "Start capturing packets should be supported.",
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_start_capture_unsupported(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.side_effect = AdbError(
+          cmd="", stdout="Unknown command", stderr="", ret_code=3
+      )
+      with asserts.assert_raises(UnsupportedOperationException):
+          start_capture_packets(
+              self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME
+          )
+      asserts.assert_false(
+          is_packet_capture_supported(self.mock_ad),
+          "Start capturing packets should not be supported.",
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_stop_capture_success(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.return_value = "success"  # Successful command output
+      stop_capture_packets(
+          self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME
+      )
+      mock_adb_shell.assert_called_once_with(
+          self.mock_ad,
+          "cmd network_stack capture stop"
+          f" {TEST_IFACE_NAME}"
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_stop_capture_failure(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.return_value = (  # Unexpected command output
+          "Any Unexpected Output"
+      )
+      with asserts.assert_raises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+          stop_capture_packets(
+              self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME
+          )
+      asserts.assert_true(
+          is_packet_capture_supported(self.mock_ad),
+          "Stop capturing packets should be supported.",
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_stop_capture_unsupported(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.side_effect = AdbError(
+          cmd="", stdout="Unknown command", stderr="", ret_code=3
+      )
+      with asserts.assert_raises(UnsupportedOperationException):
+          stop_capture_packets(
+              self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME
+          )
+      asserts.assert_false(
+          is_packet_capture_supported(self.mock_ad),
+          "Stop capturing packets should not be supported.",
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_get_matched_packet_counts_success(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.return_value = "10"  # Successful command output
+      get_matched_packet_counts(
+          self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_PACKET_IN_HEX
+      )
+      mock_adb_shell.assert_called_once_with(
+          self.mock_ad,
+          "cmd network_stack capture matched-packet-counts"
+          f" {TEST_IFACE_NAME} {TEST_PACKET_IN_HEX}"
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_get_matched_packet_counts_failure(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.return_value = (  # Unexpected command output
+          "Any Unexpected Output"
+      )
+      with asserts.assert_raises(UnexpectedBehaviorError):
+          get_matched_packet_counts(
+              self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_PACKET_IN_HEX
+          )
+      asserts.assert_true(
+          is_packet_capture_supported(self.mock_ad),
+          "Get matched packet counts should be supported.",
+      )
+
+  @patch("net_tests_utils.host.python.adb_utils.adb_shell")
+  def test_get_matched_packet_counts_unsupported(
+          self, mock_adb_shell: MagicMock
+  ) -> None:
+      mock_adb_shell.side_effect = AdbError(
+          cmd="", stdout="Unknown command", stderr="", ret_code=3
+      )
+      with asserts.assert_raises(UnsupportedOperationException):
+          get_matched_packet_counts(
+              self.mock_ad, TEST_IFACE_NAME, TEST_PACKET_IN_HEX
+          )
+      asserts.assert_false(
+          is_packet_capture_supported(self.mock_ad),
+          "Get matched packet counts should not be supported.",
+      )
+
   @parameterized.parameters(
       ("2,2048,1", ApfCapabilities(2, 2048, 1)),  # Valid input
       ("3,1024,0", ApfCapabilities(3, 1024, 0)),  # Valid input
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/assert_utils_test.py b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/assert_utils_test.py
index 7a33373..1d85a12 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/assert_utils_test.py
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/host/python/assert_utils_test.py
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
 
 from mobly import asserts
 from mobly import base_test
-from net_tests_utils.host.python.assert_utils import UnexpectedBehaviorError, expect_with_retry
+from net_tests_utils.host.python.assert_utils import (
+    UnexpectedBehaviorError, UnexpectedExceptionError, expect_with_retry, expect_throws
+)
 
 
 class TestAssertUtils(base_test.BaseTestClass):
@@ -92,3 +94,22 @@
           retry_interval_sec=0,
       )
     asserts.assert_true(retry_action_called, "retry_action not called.")
+
+  def test_expect_exception_throws(self):
+      def raise_unexpected_behavior_error():
+          raise UnexpectedBehaviorError()
+
+      expect_throws(raise_unexpected_behavior_error, UnexpectedBehaviorError)
+
+  def test_unexpect_exception_throws(self):
+      def raise_value_error():
+          raise ValueError()
+
+      with asserts.assert_raises(UnexpectedExceptionError):
+          expect_throws(raise_value_error, UnexpectedBehaviorError)
+
+  def test_no_exception_throws(self):
+      def raise_no_error():
+          return
+
+      expect_throws(raise_no_error, UnexpectedBehaviorError)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e456471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libcom_android_net_moduletests_util_jni",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a035540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "jni.h"
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NetworkStaticLibTestsJni"
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                      char const *class_name);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *vm, void *) {
+  JNIEnv *env;
+  if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void **>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, LOG_TAG, "ERROR: GetEnv failed");
+    return JNI_ERR;
+  }
+
+  if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(
+          env, "com/android/net/moduletests/util/TimerFdUtils") < 0)
+    return JNI_ERR;
+
+  return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CleanupTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CleanupTest.kt
index 851d09a..bde55c3 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CleanupTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CleanupTest.kt
@@ -17,14 +17,19 @@
 package com.android.net.module.util
 
 import android.util.Log
+import com.android.testutils.TryTestConfig
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.util.function.Consumer
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
-import kotlin.test.fail
 
 private val TAG = CleanupTest::class.simpleName
 
@@ -34,6 +39,18 @@
     class TestException2 : Exception()
     class TestException3 : Exception()
 
+    private var originalDiagnosticsCollector: Consumer<Throwable>? = null
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        originalDiagnosticsCollector = TryTestConfig.swapDiagnosticsCollector(null)
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        TryTestConfig.swapDiagnosticsCollector(originalDiagnosticsCollector)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testNotThrow() {
         var x = 1
@@ -220,4 +237,74 @@
         assertTrue(thrown.suppressedExceptions[1] is TestException3)
         assert(x == 7)
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNoErrorReportingWhenCaught() {
+        var error: Throwable? = null
+        TryTestConfig.swapDiagnosticsCollector {
+            error = it
+        }
+        var x = 1
+        tryTest {
+            x = 2
+            throw TestException1()
+            x = 3
+        }.catch<TestException1> {
+            x = 4
+        } cleanup {
+            x = 5
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(5, x)
+        assertNull(error)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testErrorReportingInTry() {
+        var error: Throwable? = null
+        TryTestConfig.swapDiagnosticsCollector {
+            assertNull(error)
+            error = it
+        }
+        var x = 1
+        assertFailsWith<TestException1> {
+            tryTest {
+                x = 2
+                throw TestException1()
+                x = 3
+            } cleanupStep {
+                throw TestException2()
+                x = 4
+            } cleanup {
+                x = 5
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(5, x)
+        assertTrue(error is TestException1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testErrorReportingInCatch() {
+        var error: Throwable? = null
+        TryTestConfig.swapDiagnosticsCollector {
+            assertNull(error)
+            error = it
+        }
+        var x = 1
+        assertFailsWith<TestException2> {
+            tryTest {
+                throw TestException1()
+                x = 2
+            }.catch<TestException1> {
+                throw TestException2()
+                x = 3
+            } cleanup {
+                x = 4
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(4, x)
+        assertTrue(error is TestException2)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
index 4ed3afd..1aa943e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import android.util.SparseArray
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
-import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
@@ -183,17 +183,101 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testGetIndexForValue() {
-        val sparseArray = SparseArray<String>();
-        sparseArray.put(5, "hello");
-        sparseArray.put(10, "abcd");
-        sparseArray.put(20, null);
+        val sparseArray = SparseArray<String>()
+        sparseArray.put(5, "hello")
+        sparseArray.put(10, "abcd")
+        sparseArray.put(20, null)
 
-        val value1 = "abcd";
+        val value1 = "abcd"
         val value1Copy = String(value1.toCharArray())
-        val value2 = null;
+        val value2 = null
 
-        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1));
-        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1Copy));
-        assertEquals(2, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value2));
+        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1))
+        assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1Copy))
+        assertEquals(2, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value2))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatEmptyByteArrays() {
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrayOf(),
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(byteArrayOf(), byteArrayOf())
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatEmptyStringArrays() {
+        assertContentEquals(
+                arrayOf<String>(),
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(
+                        String::class.java,
+                        arrayOf<String>(),
+                        arrayOf<String>()
+                )
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatByteArrays() {
+        val byteArr1 = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3)
+        val byteArr2 = byteArrayOf(4, 5, 6)
+        val byteArr3 = byteArrayOf()
+        val byteArrExpected = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(byteArr1, byteArr2, byteArr3)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatStringArrays() {
+        val stringArr1 = arrayOf("1", "2", "3")
+        val stringArr2 = arrayOf("4", "5", "6")
+        val strinvArr3 = arrayOf<String>()
+        val stringArrExpected = arrayOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
+        assertContentEquals(
+                stringArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(String::class.java, stringArr1, stringArr2, strinvArr3)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPrependByteArrays() {
+        val byteArr2 = byteArrayOf(4, 5, 6)
+        val byteArrExpected = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.prependArray(byteArr2, 1, 2, 3)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPrependStringArrays() {
+        val stringArr2 = arrayOf("4", "5", "6")
+        val stringArrExpected = arrayOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
+        assertContentEquals(
+                stringArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.prependArray(String::class.java, stringArr2, "1", "2", "3")
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAppendByteArrays() {
+        val byteArr1 = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3)
+        val byteArrExpected = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.appendArray(byteArr1, 4, 5, 6)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAppendStringArrays() {
+        val stringArr1 = arrayOf("1", "2", "3")
+        val stringArrExpected = arrayOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
+        assertContentEquals(
+                stringArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.appendArray(String::class.java, stringArr1, "4", "5", "6")
+        )
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
index f2c902f..845a2c3 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtilsTest.kt
@@ -19,11 +19,14 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 
 const val THREAD_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000L
 const val TEST_REPEAT_COUNT = 100
@@ -52,6 +55,24 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testIsRunningOnHandlerThread() {
+        assertFalse(HandlerUtils.isRunningOnHandlerThread(handler))
+        handler.post{
+            assertTrue(HandlerUtils.isRunningOnHandlerThread(handler))
+        }
+        handler.waitForIdle(THREAD_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEnsureRunningOnHandlerThread() {
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalStateException>{ HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler) }
+        handler.post{
+            HandlerUtils.ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(handler)
+        }
+        handler.waitForIdle(THREAD_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_MS)
+    }
+
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
         handlerThread.quitSafely()
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java
index 5a15585..f81978a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
@@ -50,6 +51,11 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testInvalidHexStringToByteArray() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("abxX"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testIntegerToByteArray() {
         assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x04},
                 HexDump.toByteArray((int) 0xff000004));
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiryTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiryTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6af892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiryTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class LruCacheWithExpiryTest {
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val CACHE_SIZE = 2
+        private const val EXPIRY_DURATION_MS = 1000L
+    }
+
+    private val timeSupplier = object : LongSupplier {
+        private var currentTimeMillis = 0L
+        override fun getAsLong(): Long = currentTimeMillis
+        fun advanceTime(millis: Long) { currentTimeMillis += millis }
+    }
+
+    private val cache = LruCacheWithExpiry<Int, String>(
+            timeSupplier, EXPIRY_DURATION_MS, CACHE_SIZE) { true }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_keyNotPresent() {
+        val value = cache.putIfAbsent(1, "value1")
+        assertNull(value)
+        assertEquals("value1", cache.get(1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_keyPresent() {
+        cache.put(1, "value1")
+        val value = cache.putIfAbsent(1, "value2")
+        assertEquals("value1", value)
+        assertEquals("value1", cache.get(1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_keyPresentButExpired() {
+        cache.put(1, "value1")
+        // Advance time to expire the entry
+        timeSupplier.advanceTime(EXPIRY_DURATION_MS + 1)
+        val value = cache.putIfAbsent(1, "value2")
+        assertNull(value)
+        assertEquals("value2", cache.get(1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_maxSizeReached() {
+        cache.put(1, "value1")
+        cache.put(2, "value2")
+        cache.putIfAbsent(3, "value3") // This should evict the least recently used entry (1)
+        assertNull(cache.get(1))
+        assertEquals("value2", cache.get(2))
+        assertEquals("value3", cache.get(3))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
index b04561c..035ce0f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest.kt
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.net.module.util
 
+import android.content.Context
 import android.net.INetd
+import android.net.Network
 import android.os.Build
 import android.util.Log
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
@@ -34,7 +36,9 @@
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class RoutingCoordinatorServiceTest {
     val mNetd = mock(INetd::class.java)
-    val mService = RoutingCoordinatorService(mNetd)
+    val mGetAllNetworksSupplier = { emptyArray<Network>() }
+    val mContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+    val mService = RoutingCoordinatorService(mNetd, mGetAllNetworksSupplier, mContext)
 
     @Test
     fun testInterfaceForward() {
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5e47c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util
+
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.ConditionVariable
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.Message
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.ITask
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.MessageTask
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.RunnableTask
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.time.Instant
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+private const val MSG_TEST = 1
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class TimerFileDescriptorTest {
+    private class TestHandler(looper: Looper) : Handler(looper) {
+        override fun handleMessage(msg: Message) {
+            val cv = msg.obj as ConditionVariable
+            cv.open()
+        }
+    }
+    private val thread = HandlerThread(TimerFileDescriptorTest::class.simpleName).apply { start() }
+    private val handler by lazy { TestHandler(thread.looper) }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        thread.quitSafely()
+        thread.join()
+    }
+
+    private fun assertDelayedTaskPost(
+            timerFd: TimerFileDescriptor,
+            task: ITask,
+            cv: ConditionVariable
+    ) {
+        val delayTime = 10L
+        val startTime1 = Instant.now()
+        handler.post { timerFd.setDelayedTask(task, delayTime) }
+        assertTrue(cv.block(100L /* timeoutMs*/))
+        assertTrue(Duration.between(startTime1, Instant.now()).toMillis() >= delayTime)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetDelayedTask() {
+        val timerFd = TimerFileDescriptor(handler)
+        tryTest {
+            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the self-implemented ITask
+            val cv1 = ConditionVariable()
+            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, { cv1.open() }, cv1)
+
+            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the RunnableTask
+            val cv2 = ConditionVariable()
+            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, RunnableTask{ cv2.open() }, cv2)
+
+            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the MessageTask
+            val cv3 = ConditionVariable()
+            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, MessageTask(handler.obtainMessage(MSG_TEST, cv3)), cv3)
+        } cleanup {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { timerFd.close() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCancelTask() {
+        // The task is posted and canceled within the same handler loop, so the short delay used
+        // here won't cause flakes.
+        val delayTime = 10L
+        val timerFd = TimerFileDescriptor(handler)
+        val cv = ConditionVariable()
+        tryTest {
+            handler.post {
+                timerFd.setDelayedTask({ cv.open() }, delayTime)
+                assertTrue(timerFd.hasDelayedTask())
+                timerFd.cancelTask()
+                assertFalse(timerFd.hasDelayedTask())
+            }
+            assertFalse(cv.block(20L /* timeoutMs*/))
+        } cleanup {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { timerFd.close() }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java
index bd0e31d..8104e3a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkLinkMessageTest.java
@@ -306,6 +306,28 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testCreateSetInterfaceFlagsMessage() {
+        final String expectedHexBytes =
+                "20000000100001006824000000000000"    // struct nlmsghdr
+                        + "00000000080000000100000001000100"; // struct ifinfomsg
+        final String interfaceName = "wlan0";
+        final int interfaceIndex = 8;
+        final int sequenceNumber = 0x2468;
+
+        when(mOsAccess.if_nametoindex(interfaceName)).thenReturn(interfaceIndex);
+
+        final RtNetlinkLinkMessage msg = RtNetlinkLinkMessage.createSetFlagsMessage(
+                interfaceName,
+                sequenceNumber,
+                mOsAccess,
+                NetlinkConstants.IFF_UP,
+                ~NetlinkConstants.IFF_LOWER_UP);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        final byte[] bytes = msg.pack(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
+        assertEquals(expectedHexBytes, HexDump.toHexString(bytes));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testToString() {
         final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWLINK_HEX);
         byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);  // For testing.
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1779cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest {
+    private static final IpPrefix TEST_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:1:1::/64");
+
+    // An example of the full RTM_NEWPREFIX message.
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX =
+            "3C000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "1400010020010DB8000100010000000000000000"  // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D2700";                 // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+
+    private ByteBuffer toByteBuffer(final String hexString) {
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(hexString));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkPrefixMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage prefixmsg = (RtNetlinkPrefixMessage) msg;
+
+        final StructNlMsgHdr hdr = prefixmsg.getHeader();
+        assertNotNull(hdr);
+        assertEquals(60, hdr.nlmsg_len);
+        assertEquals(NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWPREFIX, hdr.nlmsg_type);
+        assertEquals(0, hdr.nlmsg_flags);
+        assertEquals(0, hdr.nlmsg_seq);
+        assertEquals(0, hdr.nlmsg_pid);
+
+        final StructPrefixMsg prefixmsgHdr = prefixmsg.getPrefixMsg();
+        assertNotNull(prefixmsgHdr);
+        assertEquals((byte) OsConstants.AF_INET6, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_family);
+        assertEquals(3, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_type);
+        assertEquals(64, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_len);
+        assertEquals(0x03, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_flags);
+        assertEquals(0x2F, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_ifindex);
+
+        assertEquals(prefixmsg.getPrefix(), TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertEquals(604800L, prefixmsg.getPreferredLifetime());
+        assertEquals(2592000L, prefixmsg.getValidLifetime());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackRtmNewPrefix() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkPrefixMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage prefixmsg = (RtNetlinkPrefixMessage) msg;
+
+        final ByteBuffer packBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(60);
+        packBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        prefixmsg.pack(packBuffer);
+        assertEquals(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX, HexDump.toHexString(packBuffer.array()));
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX =
+            "24000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D2700";                 // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_withoutPrefixAddressAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX =
+            "30000000340000000000000000000000"             // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                   // struct prefixmsg
+            + "140001002A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000";  // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_withoutPrefixCacheinfoAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX =
+            "3C000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "140001002A0079E10ABCF605000000000000"      // PREFIX_ADDRESS (truncated)
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D2700";                 // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_truncatedPrefixAddressAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX =
+            "3C000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "140001002A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"  // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D";                     // PREFIX_CACHEINFO (truncated)
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_truncatedPrefixCacheinfoAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkPrefixMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage prefixmsg = (RtNetlinkPrefixMessage) msg;
+        final String expected = "RtNetlinkPrefixMessage{ "
+                + "nlmsghdr{StructNlMsgHdr{ nlmsg_len{60}, nlmsg_type{52(RTM_NEWPREFIX)}, "
+                + "nlmsg_flags{0()}, nlmsg_seq{0}, nlmsg_pid{0} }}, "
+                + "prefixmsg{prefix_family: 10, prefix_ifindex: 47, prefix_type: 3, "
+                + "prefix_len: 64, prefix_flags: 3}, "
+                + "IP Prefix{2001:db8:1:1::/64}, "
+                + "preferred lifetime{604800}, valid lifetime{2592000} }";
+        assertEquals(expected, prefixmsg.toString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
index 8c71a91..86aa8f1 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/Android.bp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.ext.junit",
+        "collector-device-lib",
         "kotlin-reflect",
         "libnanohttpd",
         "net-tests-utils-host-device-common",
@@ -96,13 +97,10 @@
         "general-tests",
         "cts",
         "mts-networking",
-        "mcts-networking",
         "mts-tethering",
         "mcts-tethering",
-        "mcts-wifi",
-        "mcts-dnsresolver",
     ],
-    data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
+    device_common_data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
 }
 
 python_library_host {
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/CarrierConfigSetupTest.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/CarrierConfigSetupTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78b34a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/CarrierConfigSetupTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils.connectivitypreparer
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE
+import android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
+import android.content.Context
+import android.content.Intent
+import android.content.IntentFilter
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY_IMS
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor
+import android.os.PersistableBundle
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager
+import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+private const val CONFIG_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
+private val TAG = CarrierConfigSetupTest::class.simpleName
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class CarrierConfigSetupTest {
+    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val pm by lazy { context.packageManager }
+    private val carrierConfigManager by lazy {
+        context.getSystemService(CarrierConfigManager::class.java)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetCarrierConfig() {
+        if (!shouldDisableIwlan()) return
+        overrideAllSubscriptions(PersistableBundle().apply {
+            putBoolean(CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_WFC_IMS_AVAILABLE_BOOL, false)
+        })
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testClearCarrierConfig() {
+        // set/clear are in different test runs so it is difficult to share state between them.
+        // The conditions to disable IWLAN should not change over time (in particular
+        // force_iwlan_mms is a readonly flag), so just perform the same check again on teardown.
+        // CarrierConfigManager overrides are cleared on reboot by default anyway, so any missed
+        // cleanup should not be too damaging.
+        if (!shouldDisableIwlan()) return
+        overrideAllSubscriptions(null)
+    }
+
+    private class ConfigChangedReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
+        val receivedSubIds = ArrayTrackRecord<Int>()
+        override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
+            if (intent.action != ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED) return
+            val subIdx = intent.getIntExtra(SubscriptionManager.EXTRA_SUBSCRIPTION_INDEX, -1)
+            // It is possible this is a configuration change for a different setting, so the test
+            // may not wait for long enough. Unfortunately calling CarrierConfigManager to check
+            // if the config was applied does not help because it will always return the override,
+            // even if it was not applied to the subscription yet.
+            // In practice, it is very unlikely that a different broadcast arrives, and then a test
+            // flakes because of the iwlan behavior in the time it takes for the config to be
+            // applied.
+            Log.d(TAG, "Received config change for sub $subIdx")
+            receivedSubIds.add(subIdx)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun overrideAllSubscriptions(bundle: PersistableBundle?) {
+        runAsShell(READ_PHONE_STATE, MODIFY_PHONE_STATE) {
+            val receiver = ConfigChangedReceiver()
+            context.registerReceiver(receiver, IntentFilter(ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED))
+            val subscriptions = context.getSystemService(SubscriptionManager::class.java)
+                .activeSubscriptionInfoList
+            subscriptions?.forEach { subInfo ->
+                Log.d(TAG, "Overriding config for subscription $subInfo")
+                carrierConfigManager.overrideConfig(subInfo.subscriptionId, bundle)
+            }
+            // Don't wait after each update before the next one, but expect all updates to be done
+            // eventually
+            subscriptions?.forEach { subInfo ->
+                assertNotNull(receiver.receivedSubIds.poll(CONFIG_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_MS, pos = 0) {
+                    it == subInfo.subscriptionId
+                }, "Config override broadcast not received for subscription $subInfo")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun shouldDisableIwlan(): Boolean {
+        // IWLAN on U 24Q2 release (U QPR3) causes cell data to reconnect when Wi-Fi is toggled due
+        // to the implementation of the force_iwlan_mms feature, which does not work well with
+        // multinetworking tests. Disable the feature on such builds (b/368477391).
+        // The behavior changed in more recent releases (V) so only U 24Q2 is affected.
+        return pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_IMS) && pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI) &&
+                Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE &&
+                isForceIwlanMmsEnabled()
+    }
+
+    private fun isForceIwlanMmsEnabled(): Boolean {
+        val uiAutomation = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().uiAutomation
+        val flagEnabledRegex = Regex(
+            """telephony/com\.android\.internal\.telephony\.flags\.force_iwlan_mms:""" +
+                    """.*ENABLED \(system\)""")
+        ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(
+            // If the command fails (for example if printflags is missing) this will return false
+            // and the IWLAN disable will be skipped, which should be fine at it only helps with
+            // flakiness.
+            // This uses "sh -c" to cover that case as if "printflags" is used directly and the
+            // binary is missing, the remote end will crash and the InputStream EOF is never
+            // reached, so the read would hang.
+            uiAutomation.executeShellCommand("sh -c printflags")).bufferedReader().use { reader ->
+                return reader.lines().anyMatch {
+                    it.contains(flagEnabledRegex)
+                }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
index e634f0e..8e27c62 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
@@ -16,27 +16,167 @@
 
 package com.android.testutils.connectivitypreparer
 
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import android.util.Log
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_ADDR_ANY
+import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectUtil
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.net.DatagramPacket
+import java.net.DatagramSocket
+import java.util.Random
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 
+private const val QUIC_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000
+private const val QUIC_RETRY_COUNT = 5
+
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
 class ConnectivityCheckTest {
+    @get:Rule
+    val networkCallbackRule = AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule()
+
+    private val logTag = ConnectivityCheckTest::class.simpleName
     private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
     private val pm by lazy { context.packageManager }
     private val connectUtil by lazy { ConnectUtil(context) }
 
+    // Skip IPv6 checks on virtual devices which do not support it. Tests that require IPv6 will
+    // still fail even if the preparer does not.
+    private fun ipv6Unsupported(wifiSsid: String?) = ConnectUtil.VIRTUAL_SSIDS.contains(
+        WifiInfo.sanitizeSsid(wifiSsid))
+
     @Test
     fun testCheckWifiSetup() {
         if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) return
         connectUtil.ensureWifiValidated()
+
+        val (wifiNetwork, wifiSsid) = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            val cb = networkCallbackRule.requestNetwork(
+                NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                    .build()
+            )
+            val capChanged = cb.eventuallyExpect<CapabilitiesChanged>(from = 0)
+            val network = capChanged.network
+            val ssid = capChanged.caps.ssid
+            assertFalse(ssid.isNullOrEmpty(), "No SSID for wifi network $network")
+            // Expect a global IPv6 address, and native or stacked IPv4
+            val lpChange = cb.history.poll(
+                pos = 0,
+                timeoutMs = 30_000L
+            ) {
+                it is LinkPropertiesChanged &&
+                it.network == network &&
+                it.lp.allLinkAddresses.any(LinkAddress::isIpv4) &&
+                        (ipv6Unsupported(ssid) || it.lp.hasGlobalIpv6Address())
+            }
+            assertNotNull(lpChange, "Wifi network $network needs an IPv4 address" +
+                    if (ipv6Unsupported(ssid)) "" else " and a global IPv6 address")
+
+            Pair(network, ssid)
+        }
+
+        // Checking QUIC is more important on Wi-Fi than cellular, as it finds firewall
+        // configuration problems on Wi-Fi, but cellular is not actionable by the test lab.
+        checkQuic(wifiNetwork, wifiSsid, ipv6 = false)
+        if (!ipv6Unsupported(wifiSsid)) {
+            checkQuic(wifiNetwork, wifiSsid, ipv6 = true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that QUIC is working on the specified network.
+     *
+     * Some tests require QUIC (UDP), and some lab networks have been observed to not let it
+     * through due to firewalling. Ensure that devices are setup on a network that has the proper
+     * allowlists before trying to run the tests.
+     */
+    private fun checkQuic(network: Network, ssid: String, ipv6: Boolean) {
+        // Same endpoint as used in MultinetworkApiTest in CTS
+        val hostname = "connectivitycheck.android.com"
+        val targetAddrs = network.getAllByName(hostname)
+        val bindAddr = if (ipv6) IPV6_ADDR_ANY else IPV4_ADDR_ANY
+        if (targetAddrs.isEmpty()) {
+            Log.d(logTag, "No addresses found for $hostname")
+            return
+        }
+
+        val socket = DatagramSocket(0, bindAddr)
+        tryTest {
+            socket.soTimeout = QUIC_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS
+            network.bindSocket(socket)
+
+            // For reference see Version-Independent Properties of QUIC:
+            // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8999
+            // This packet just contains a long header with an unsupported version number, to force
+            // a version-negotiation packet in response.
+            val connectionId = ByteArray(8).apply { Random().nextBytes(this) }
+            val quicData = byteArrayOf(
+                // long header
+                0xc0.toByte(),
+                // version number (should be an unknown version for the server)
+                0xaa.toByte(), 0xda.toByte(), 0xca.toByte(), 0xca.toByte(),
+                // destination connection ID length
+                0x08,
+            ) + connectionId + byteArrayOf(
+                // source connection ID length
+                0x00,
+            ) + ByteArray(1185) // Ensure the packet is 1200 bytes long
+            val targetAddr = targetAddrs.firstOrNull { it.javaClass == bindAddr.javaClass }
+                ?: fail("No ${bindAddr.javaClass} found for $hostname " +
+                        "(got ${targetAddrs.joinToString()})")
+            repeat(QUIC_RETRY_COUNT) { i ->
+                socket.send(DatagramPacket(quicData, quicData.size, targetAddr, 443))
+
+                val receivedPacket = DatagramPacket(ByteArray(1500), 1500)
+                try {
+                    socket.receive(receivedPacket)
+                } catch (e: IOException) {
+                    Log.d(logTag, "No response from $hostname ($targetAddr) on QUIC try $i", e)
+                    return@repeat
+                }
+
+                val receivedConnectionId = receivedPacket.data.copyOfRange(7, 7 + 8)
+                if (connectionId.contentEquals(receivedConnectionId)) {
+                    return@tryTest
+                } else {
+                    val headerBytes = receivedPacket.data.copyOfRange(
+                        0, receivedPacket.length.coerceAtMost(15))
+                    Log.d(logTag, "Received invalid connection ID on QUIC try $i: " +
+                            HexDump.toHexString(headerBytes))
+                }
+            }
+            fail("QUIC is not working on SSID $ssid connecting to $targetAddr " +
+                    "with local source port ${socket.localPort}: check the firewall for UDP port " +
+                    "443 access."
+            )
+        } cleanup {
+            socket.close()
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -53,12 +193,16 @@
         if (tm.simState == TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_ABSENT) {
             fail("The device has no SIM card inserted. $commonError")
         } else if (tm.simState != TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_READY) {
-            fail("The device is not setup with a usable SIM card. Sim state was ${tm.simState}. " +
-                    commonError)
+            fail(
+                "The device is not setup with a usable SIM card. Sim state was ${tm.simState}. " +
+                    commonError
+            )
         }
-        assertTrue(tm.isDataConnectivityPossible,
+        assertTrue(
+            tm.isDataConnectivityPossible,
             "The device has a SIM card, but it does not supports data connectivity. " +
-            "Check the data plan, and verify that mobile data is working. " + commonError)
+            "Check the data plan, and verify that mobile data is working. " + commonError
+        )
         connectUtil.ensureCellularValidated()
     }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/NSResponder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/NSResponder.kt
index f7619cd..f094407 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/NSResponder.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/NSResponder.kt
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
 private const val NS_TYPE = 135.toShort()
 
 /**
- * A class that can be used to reply to Neighbor Solicitation packets on a [TapPacketReader].
+ * A class that can be used to reply to Neighbor Solicitation packets on a [PollPacketReader].
  */
 class NSResponder(
-    reader: TapPacketReader,
-    table: Map<Inet6Address, MacAddress>,
-    name: String = NSResponder::class.java.simpleName
+        reader: PollPacketReader,
+        table: Map<Inet6Address, MacAddress>,
+        name: String = NSResponder::class.java.simpleName
 ) : PacketResponder(reader, Icmpv6Filter(), name) {
     companion object {
         private val TAG = NSResponder::class.simpleName
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     // Copy the map if not already immutable (toMap) to make sure it is not modified
     private val table = table.toMap()
 
-    override fun replyToPacket(packet: ByteArray, reader: TapPacketReader) {
+    override fun replyToPacket(packet: ByteArray, reader: PollPacketReader) {
         if (packet.size < IPV6_HEADER_LENGTH) {
             return
         }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ArpResponder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ArpResponder.kt
index cf0490c..f4c8657 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ArpResponder.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ArpResponder.kt
@@ -30,17 +30,17 @@
 private val ARP_REPLY_IPV4 = byteArrayOf(0x00, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0x06, 0x04, 0x00, 0x02)
 
 /**
- * A class that can be used to reply to ARP packets on a [TapPacketReader].
+ * A class that can be used to reply to ARP packets on a [PollPacketReader].
  */
 class ArpResponder(
-    reader: TapPacketReader,
-    table: Map<Inet4Address, MacAddress>,
-    name: String = ArpResponder::class.java.simpleName
+        reader: PollPacketReader,
+        table: Map<Inet4Address, MacAddress>,
+        name: String = ArpResponder::class.java.simpleName
 ) : PacketResponder(reader, ArpRequestFilter(), name) {
     // Copy the map if not already immutable (toMap) to make sure it is not modified
     private val table = table.toMap()
 
-    override fun replyToPacket(packet: ByteArray, reader: TapPacketReader) {
+    override fun replyToPacket(packet: ByteArray, reader: PollPacketReader) {
         val targetIp = InetAddress.getByAddress(
                 packet.copyFromIndexWithLength(ARP_TARGET_IPADDR_OFFSET, 4))
                 as Inet4Address
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
index 93422ad..be6947f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule.kt
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@
         cellRequestCb = null
     }
 
-    private fun addCallback(
-        cb: TestableNetworkCallback,
-        registrar: (TestableNetworkCallback) -> Unit
-    ): TestableNetworkCallback {
+    private fun <T> addCallback(
+        cb: T,
+        registrar: (NetworkCallback) -> Unit
+    ): T where T : NetworkCallback {
         registrar(cb)
         cbToCleanup.add(cb)
         return cb
@@ -142,17 +142,24 @@
     /**
      * File a callback for a NetworkRequest.
      *
-     * This will fail tests (throw) if the cell network cannot be obtained, or if it was already
-     * requested.
-     *
      * Tests may call [unregisterNetworkCallback] once they are done using the returned [Network],
      * otherwise it will be automatically unrequested after the test.
      */
     @JvmOverloads
     fun registerNetworkCallback(
+        request: NetworkRequest
+    ): TestableNetworkCallback = registerNetworkCallback(request, TestableNetworkCallback())
+
+    /**
+     * File a callback for a NetworkRequest.
+     *
+     * Tests may call [unregisterNetworkCallback] once they are done using the returned [Network],
+     * otherwise it will be automatically unrequested after the test.
+     */
+    fun <T> registerNetworkCallback(
         request: NetworkRequest,
-        cb: TestableNetworkCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
-    ) = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, it) }
+        cb: T
+    ) where T : NetworkCallback = addCallback(cb) { cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, it) }
 
     /**
      * @see ConnectivityManager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
index 3857810..d60ab59 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectUtil.kt
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@
 private const val WIFI_ERROR_BUSY = 2
 
 class ConnectUtil(private val context: Context) {
+    companion object {
+        @JvmStatic
+        val VIRTUAL_SSIDS = listOf("VirtWifi", "AndroidWifi")
+    }
     private val TAG = ConnectUtil::class.java.simpleName
 
     private val cm = context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java)
@@ -207,9 +211,8 @@
      */
     private fun maybeConfigureVirtualNetwork(scanResults: List<ScanResult>): WifiConfiguration? {
         // Virtual wifi networks used on the emulator and cloud testing infrastructure
-        val virtualSsids = listOf("VirtWifi", "AndroidWifi")
         Log.d(TAG, "Wifi scan results: $scanResults")
-        val virtualScanResult = scanResults.firstOrNull { virtualSsids.contains(it.SSID) }
+        val virtualScanResult = scanResults.firstOrNull { VIRTUAL_SSIDS.contains(it.SSID) }
                 ?: return null
 
         // Only add the virtual configuration if the virtual AP is detected in scans
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0624e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.testutils
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
+import android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
+import android.device.collectors.BaseMetricListener
+import android.device.collectors.DataRecord
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO
+import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo
+import android.net.wifi.WifiManager
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_UNKNOWN
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+import java.io.CharArrayWriter
+import java.io.File
+import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.io.FileReader
+import java.io.OutputStream
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter
+import java.io.PrintWriter
+import java.io.Reader
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import org.json.JSONObject
+import org.junit.AssumptionViolatedException
+import org.junit.runner.Description
+import org.junit.runner.Result
+import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure
+
+/**
+ * A diagnostics collector that outputs diagnostics files as test artifacts.
+ *
+ * <p>Collects diagnostics automatically by default on non-local builds. Can be enabled/disabled
+ * manually with:
+ * ```
+ * atest MyModule -- \
+ *     --module-arg MyModule:instrumentation-arg:connectivity-diagnostics-on-failure:=false
+ * ```
+ */
+class ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector : BaseMetricListener() {
+    companion object {
+        private const val ARG_RUN_ON_FAILURE = "connectivity-diagnostics-on-failure"
+        private const val COLLECTOR_DIR = "run_listeners/connectivity_diagnostics"
+        private const val FILENAME_SUFFIX = "_conndiag.txt"
+        private const val MAX_DUMPS = 20
+
+        private val TAG = ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector::class.simpleName
+        @JvmStatic
+        var instance: ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector? = null
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates tcpdump should be started and written to the diagnostics file on test case failure.
+     */
+    annotation class CollectTcpdumpOnFailure
+
+    private class DumpThread(
+        // Keep a reference to the ParcelFileDescriptor otherwise GC would close it
+        private val fd: ParcelFileDescriptor,
+        private val reader: Reader
+    ) : Thread() {
+        private val writer = CharArrayWriter()
+        override fun run() {
+            reader.copyTo(writer)
+        }
+
+        fun closeAndWriteTo(output: OutputStream?) {
+            join()
+            fd.close()
+            if (output != null) {
+                val outputWriter = OutputStreamWriter(output)
+                outputWriter.write("--- tcpdump stopped at ${ZonedDateTime.now()} ---\n")
+                writer.writeTo(outputWriter)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private data class TcpdumpRun(val pid: Int, val reader: DumpThread)
+
+    private var failureHeader: String? = null
+
+    // Accessed from the test listener methods which are synchronized by junit (see TestListener)
+    private var tcpdumpRun: TcpdumpRun? = null
+    private val buffer = ByteArrayOutputStream()
+    private val failureHeaderExtras = mutableMapOf<String, Any>()
+    private val collectorDir: File by lazy {
+        createAndEmptyDirectory(COLLECTOR_DIR)
+    }
+    private val outputFiles = mutableSetOf<String>()
+    private val cbHelper = NetworkCallbackHelper()
+    private val networkCallback = MonitoringNetworkCallback()
+
+    inner class MonitoringNetworkCallback : NetworkCallback() {
+        val currentMobileDataNetworks = mutableMapOf<Network, NetworkCapabilities>()
+        val currentVpnNetworks = mutableMapOf<Network, NetworkCapabilities>()
+        val currentWifiNetworks = mutableMapOf<Network, NetworkCapabilities>()
+
+        override fun onLost(network: Network) {
+            currentWifiNetworks.remove(network)
+            currentMobileDataNetworks.remove(network)
+        }
+
+        override fun onCapabilitiesChanged(network: Network, nc: NetworkCapabilities) {
+            if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)) {
+                currentVpnNetworks[network] = nc
+            } else if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+                currentWifiNetworks[network] = nc
+            } else if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+                currentMobileDataNetworks[network] = nc
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onSetUp() {
+        assertNull(instance, "ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollectors were set up multiple times")
+        instance = this
+        TryTestConfig.swapDiagnosticsCollector { throwable ->
+            if (runOnFailure(throwable)) {
+                collectTestFailureDiagnostics(throwable)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onCleanUp() {
+        instance = null
+    }
+
+    override fun onTestRunStart(runData: DataRecord?, description: Description?) {
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            cbHelper.registerNetworkCallback(
+                NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                    .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                    .build(), networkCallback
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onTestRunEnd(runData: DataRecord?, result: Result?) {
+        // onTestRunEnd is called regardless of success/failure, and the Result contains summary of
+        // run/failed/ignored... tests.
+        cbHelper.unregisterAll()
+    }
+
+    override fun onTestFail(testData: DataRecord, description: Description, failure: Failure) {
+        // TODO: find a way to disable this behavior only on local runs, to avoid slowing them down
+        // when iterating on failing tests.
+        if (!runOnFailure(failure.exception)) return
+        if (outputFiles.size >= MAX_DUMPS) return
+        Log.i(TAG, "Collecting diagnostics for test failure. Disable by running tests with: " +
+                "atest MyModule -- " +
+                "--module-arg MyModule:instrumentation-arg:$ARG_RUN_ON_FAILURE:=false")
+        collectTestFailureDiagnostics(failure.exception)
+
+        val baseFilename = "${description.className}#${description.methodName}_failure"
+        flushBufferToFileMetric(testData, baseFilename)
+    }
+
+    override fun onTestStart(testData: DataRecord, description: Description) {
+        val tcpdumpAnn = description.annotations.firstOrNull { it is CollectTcpdumpOnFailure }
+                as? CollectTcpdumpOnFailure
+        if (tcpdumpAnn != null) {
+            startTcpdumpForTestcaseIfSupported()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun startTcpdumpForTestcaseIfSupported() {
+        if (!DeviceInfoUtils.isDebuggable()) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Cannot start tcpdump, build is not debuggable")
+            return
+        }
+        if (tcpdumpRun != null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Cannot start tcpdump: it is already running")
+            return
+        }
+        // executeShellCommand won't tokenize quoted arguments containing spaces (like pcap filters)
+        // properly, so pass in the command in stdin instead of using sh -c 'command'
+        val fds = instrumentation.uiAutomation.executeShellCommandRw("sh")
+
+        val stdout = fds[0]
+        val stdin = fds[1]
+        ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseOutputStream(stdin).use { writer ->
+            // Echo the current pid, and replace it (with exec) with the tcpdump process, so the
+            // tcpdump pid is known.
+            writer.write(
+                "echo $$; exec su 0 tcpdump -n -i any -U -xx".encodeToByteArray()
+            )
+        }
+        val reader = FileReader(stdout.fileDescriptor).buffered()
+        val tcpdumpPid = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine())
+        val dumpThread = DumpThread(stdout, reader)
+        dumpThread.start()
+        tcpdumpRun = TcpdumpRun(tcpdumpPid, dumpThread)
+    }
+
+    private fun stopTcpdumpIfRunning(output: OutputStream?) {
+        val run = tcpdumpRun ?: return
+        // Send SIGTERM for graceful shutdown of tcpdump so that it can flush its output
+        executeCommandBlocking("su 0 kill ${run.pid}")
+        run.reader.closeAndWriteTo(output)
+        tcpdumpRun = null
+    }
+
+    override fun onTestEnd(testData: DataRecord, description: Description) {
+        // onTestFail is called before onTestEnd, so if the test failed tcpdump would already have
+        // been stopped and output dumped. Here this stops tcpdump if the test succeeded, throwing
+        // away its output.
+        stopTcpdumpIfRunning(output = null)
+
+        // Tests may call methods like collectDumpsysConnectivity to collect diagnostics at any time
+        // during the run, for example to observe state at various points to investigate a flake
+        // and compare passing/failing cases.
+        // Flush the contents of the buffer to a file when the test ends, even when successful.
+        if (buffer.size() == 0) return
+        if (outputFiles.size >= MAX_DUMPS) return
+
+        // Flush any data that the test added to the buffer for dumping
+        val baseFilename = "${description.className}#${description.methodName}_testdump"
+        flushBufferToFileMetric(testData, baseFilename)
+    }
+
+    private fun runOnFailure(exception: Throwable): Boolean {
+        // Assumption failures (assumeTrue/assumeFalse) are not actual failures
+        if (exception is AssumptionViolatedException) return false
+
+        // Do not run on local builds (which have ro.build.version.incremental set to eng.username)
+        // to avoid slowing down local runs.
+        val enabledByDefault = !Build.VERSION.INCREMENTAL.startsWith("eng.")
+        return argsBundle.getString(ARG_RUN_ON_FAILURE)?.toBooleanStrictOrNull() ?: enabledByDefault
+    }
+
+    private fun flushBufferToFileMetric(testData: DataRecord, baseFilename: String) {
+        var filename = baseFilename
+        // In case a method was run multiple times (typically retries), append a number
+        var i = 2
+        while (outputFiles.contains(filename)) {
+            filename = baseFilename + "_$i"
+            i++
+        }
+        val outFile = File(collectorDir, filename + FILENAME_SUFFIX)
+        outputFiles.add(filename)
+        FileOutputStream(outFile).use { fos ->
+            failureHeader?.let {
+                fos.write(it.toByteArray())
+                fos.write("\n".toByteArray())
+            }
+            fos.write(buffer.toByteArray())
+            stopTcpdumpIfRunning(fos)
+        }
+        failureHeader = null
+        buffer.reset()
+        val fileKey = "${ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector::class.qualifiedName}_$filename"
+        testData.addFileMetric(fileKey, outFile)
+    }
+
+    private fun maybeCollectFailureHeader() {
+        if (failureHeader != null) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Connectivity diagnostics failure header already collected, skipping")
+            return
+        }
+
+        val instr = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
+        val ctx = instr.context
+        val pm = ctx.packageManager
+        val hasWifi = pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
+        val hasMobileData = pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)
+        val tm = if (hasMobileData) ctx.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java) else null
+        // getAdoptedShellPermissions is S+. Optimistically assume that tests are not holding on
+        // shell permissions during failure/cleanup on R.
+        val canUseShell = !isAtLeastS() ||
+                instr.uiAutomation.getAdoptedShellPermissions().isNullOrEmpty()
+        val headerObj = JSONObject()
+        failureHeaderExtras.forEach { (k, v) -> headerObj.put(k, v) }
+        failureHeaderExtras.clear()
+        if (canUseShell) {
+            runAsShell(READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE, NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+                headerObj.apply {
+                    put("deviceSerial", Build.getSerial())
+                    // The network callback filed on start cannot get the WifiInfo as it would need
+                    // to keep NETWORK_SETTINGS permission throughout the test run. Try to
+                    // obtain it while holding the permission at the end of the test.
+                    val wifiInfo = networkCallback.currentWifiNetworks.keys.firstOrNull()?.let {
+                        getWifiInfo(it)
+                    }
+                    put("ssid", wifiInfo?.ssid)
+                    put("bssid", wifiInfo?.bssid)
+                    put("simState", tm?.simState ?: SIM_STATE_UNKNOWN)
+                    put("mccMnc", tm?.simOperator)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Log.w(TAG, "The test is still holding shell permissions, cannot collect privileged " +
+                    "device info")
+            headerObj.put("shellPermissionsUnavailable", true)
+        }
+        failureHeader = headerObj.apply {
+            put("time", DateTimeFormatter.ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME.format(ZonedDateTime.now()))
+            put(
+                "wifiEnabled",
+                hasWifi && ctx.getSystemService(WifiManager::class.java).isWifiEnabled
+            )
+            put("connectedWifiCount", networkCallback.currentWifiNetworks.size)
+            put("validatedWifiCount", networkCallback.currentWifiNetworks.filterValues {
+                it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+            }.size)
+            put("mobileDataConnectivityPossible", tm?.isDataConnectivityPossible ?: false)
+            put("connectedMobileDataCount", networkCallback.currentMobileDataNetworks.size)
+            put("validatedMobileDataCount",
+                networkCallback.currentMobileDataNetworks.filterValues {
+                    it.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+                }.size
+            )
+        }.toString()
+    }
+
+    private class WifiInfoCallback : NetworkCallback {
+        private val network: Network
+        val wifiInfoFuture = CompletableFuture<WifiInfo?>()
+        constructor(network: Network) : super() {
+            this.network = network
+        }
+        @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+        constructor(network: Network, flags: Int) : super(flags) {
+            this.network = network
+        }
+        override fun onCapabilitiesChanged(net: Network, nc: NetworkCapabilities) {
+            if (network == net) {
+                wifiInfoFuture.complete(nc.transportInfo as? WifiInfo)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun getWifiInfo(network: Network): WifiInfo? {
+        // Get the SSID via network callbacks, as the Networks are obtained via callbacks, and
+        // synchronous calls (CM#getNetworkCapabilities) and callbacks should not be mixed.
+        // A new callback needs to be filed and received while holding NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
+        val cb = if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            WifiInfoCallback(network, FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO)
+        } else {
+            WifiInfoCallback(network)
+        }
+        cbHelper.registerNetworkCallback(
+            NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET).build(), cb)
+        return try {
+            cb.wifiInfoFuture.get(1L, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+        } catch (e: TimeoutException) {
+            null
+        } finally {
+            cbHelper.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add connectivity diagnostics to the test data dump.
+     *
+     * <p>This collects a set of diagnostics that are relevant to connectivity test failures.
+     * <p>The dump will be collected immediately, and exported to a test artifact file when the
+     * test ends.
+     * @param exceptionContext An exception to write a stacktrace to the dump for context.
+     */
+    fun collectTestFailureDiagnostics(exceptionContext: Throwable? = null) {
+        maybeCollectFailureHeader()
+        collectDumpsysConnectivity(exceptionContext)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add dumpsys connectivity to the test data dump.
+     *
+     * <p>The dump will be collected immediately, and exported to a test artifact file when the
+     * test ends.
+     * @param exceptionContext An exception to write a stacktrace to the dump for context.
+     */
+    fun collectDumpsysConnectivity(exceptionContext: Throwable? = null) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Collecting dumpsys connectivity for test artifacts")
+        PrintWriter(buffer).let {
+            it.println("--- Dumpsys connectivity at ${ZonedDateTime.now()} ---")
+            maybeWriteExceptionContext(it, exceptionContext)
+            it.flush()
+        }
+        ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(
+            InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().uiAutomation.executeShellCommand(
+                "dumpsys connectivity --dump-priority HIGH")).use {
+            it.copyTo(buffer)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a key->value attribute to the failure data, to be written to the diagnostics file.
+     *
+     * <p>This is to be called by tests that know they will fail.
+     */
+    fun addFailureAttribute(key: String, value: Any) {
+        failureHeaderExtras[key] = value
+    }
+
+    private fun maybeWriteExceptionContext(writer: PrintWriter, exceptionContext: Throwable?) {
+        if (exceptionContext == null) return
+        writer.println("At: ")
+        exceptionContext.printStackTrace(writer)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt
index 68248ca..044b410 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceConfigRule.kt
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG
 import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG
+import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig
 import android.util.Log
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
@@ -87,8 +88,9 @@
                     }
                     throw e
                 } cleanupStep {
-                    runAsShell(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
+                    runAsShell(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
                         originalConfig.forEach { (key, value) ->
+                            Log.i(TAG, "Resetting config \"${key.second}\" to \"$value\"")
                             DeviceConfig.setProperty(
                                     key.first, key.second, value, false /* makeDefault */)
                         }
@@ -115,7 +117,8 @@
      */
     fun setConfig(namespace: String, key: String, value: String?): String? {
         Log.i(TAG, "Setting config \"$key\" to \"$value\"")
-        val readWritePermissions = arrayOf(READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG)
+        val readWritePermissions =
+            arrayOf(READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG)
 
         val keyPair = Pair(namespace, key)
         val existingValue = runAsShell(*readWritePermissions) {
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceInfoUtils.java b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceInfoUtils.java
index ce55fdc..31879af 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceInfoUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/DeviceInfoUtils.java
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 
 package com.android.testutils;
 
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Pair;
@@ -173,4 +177,14 @@
         final KVersion from = DeviceInfoUtils.getMajorMinorSubminorVersion(version);
         return current.isAtLeast(from);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the current build is a debuggable build.
+     */
+    public static boolean isDebuggable() {
+        if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            return Build.isDebuggable();
+        }
+        return SystemProperties.getInt("ro.debuggable", 0) == 1;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
index 8b88224..5729452 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_HEADER_LEN
 import com.android.net.module.util.TrackRecord
-import com.android.testutils.IPv6UdpFilter
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
 import java.net.Inet6Address
 import java.net.InetAddress
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
@@ -246,7 +244,7 @@
             as Inet6Address
 }
 
-fun TapPacketReader.pollForMdnsPacket(
+fun PollPacketReader.pollForMdnsPacket(
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
     predicate: (TestDnsPacket) -> Boolean
 ): TestDnsPacket? {
@@ -264,7 +262,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-fun TapPacketReader.pollForProbe(
+fun PollPacketReader.pollForProbe(
     serviceName: String,
     serviceType: String,
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
@@ -272,7 +270,7 @@
     it.isProbeFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local")
 }
 
-fun TapPacketReader.pollForAdvertisement(
+fun PollPacketReader.pollForAdvertisement(
     serviceName: String,
     serviceType: String,
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
@@ -280,19 +278,19 @@
     it.isReplyFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local")
 }
 
-fun TapPacketReader.pollForQuery(
+fun PollPacketReader.pollForQuery(
     recordName: String,
     vararg requiredTypes: Int,
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
 ): TestDnsPacket? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isQueryFor(recordName, *requiredTypes) }
 
-fun TapPacketReader.pollForReply(
+fun PollPacketReader.pollForReply(
     recordName: String,
     type: Int,
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
 ): TestDnsPacket? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isReplyFor(recordName, type) }
 
-fun TapPacketReader.pollForReply(
+fun PollPacketReader.pollForReply(
     serviceName: String,
     serviceType: String,
     timeoutMs: Long = MDNS_REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketResponder.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketResponder.kt
index 964c6c6..62d0e82 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketResponder.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PacketResponder.kt
@@ -21,24 +21,24 @@
 private const val POLL_FREQUENCY_MS = 1000L
 
 /**
- * A class that can be used to reply to packets from a [TapPacketReader].
+ * A class that can be used to reply to packets from a [PollPacketReader].
  *
  * A reply thread will be created to reply to incoming packets asynchronously.
- * The receiver creates a new read head on the [TapPacketReader], to read packets, so it does not
- * affect packets obtained through [TapPacketReader.popPacket].
+ * The receiver creates a new read head on the [PollPacketReader], to read packets, so it does not
+ * affect packets obtained through [PollPacketReader.popPacket].
  *
- * @param reader a [TapPacketReader] to obtain incoming packets and reply to them.
+ * @param reader a [PollPacketReader] to obtain incoming packets and reply to them.
  * @param packetFilter A filter to apply to incoming packets.
  * @param name Name to use for the internal responder thread.
  */
 abstract class PacketResponder(
-    private val reader: TapPacketReader,
-    private val packetFilter: Predicate<ByteArray>,
-    name: String
+        private val reader: PollPacketReader,
+        private val packetFilter: Predicate<ByteArray>,
+        name: String
 ) {
     private val replyThread = ReplyThread(name)
 
-    protected abstract fun replyToPacket(packet: ByteArray, reader: TapPacketReader)
+    protected abstract fun replyToPacket(packet: ByteArray, reader: PollPacketReader)
 
     /**
      * Start the [PacketResponder].
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TapPacketReader.java b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PollPacketReader.java
similarity index 91%
rename from staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TapPacketReader.java
rename to staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PollPacketReader.java
index b25b9f2..dbc7eb0 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TapPacketReader.java
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/PollPacketReader.java
@@ -35,19 +35,19 @@
 import kotlin.LazyKt;
 
 /**
- * A packet reader that runs on a TAP interface.
+ * A packet reader that can poll for received packets and send responses on a fd.
  *
  * It also implements facilities to reply to received packets.
  */
-public class TapPacketReader extends PacketReader {
-    private final FileDescriptor mTapFd;
+public class PollPacketReader extends PacketReader {
+    private final FileDescriptor mFd;
     private final ArrayTrackRecord<byte[]> mReceivedPackets = new ArrayTrackRecord<>();
     private final Lazy<ArrayTrackRecord<byte[]>.ReadHead> mReadHead =
             LazyKt.lazy(mReceivedPackets::newReadHead);
 
-    public TapPacketReader(Handler h, FileDescriptor tapFd, int maxPacketSize) {
+    public PollPacketReader(Handler h, FileDescriptor fd, int maxPacketSize) {
         super(h, maxPacketSize);
-        mTapFd = tapFd;
+        mFd = fd;
     }
 
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 
     @Override
     protected FileDescriptor createFd() {
-        return mTapFd;
+        return mFd;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
     }
 
     /*
-     * Send a response on the TAP interface.
+     * Send a response on the fd.
      *
      * The passed ByteBuffer is flipped after use.
      *
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
      * @throws IOException if the interface can't be written to.
      */
     public void sendResponse(final ByteBuffer packet) throws IOException {
-        try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(mTapFd)) {
+        try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(mFd)) {
             byte[] packetBytes = new byte[packet.limit()];
             packet.get(packetBytes);
             packet.flip();  // So we can reuse it in the future.
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/RouterAdvertisementResponder.java b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/RouterAdvertisementResponder.java
index 51d57bc..6709555 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/RouterAdvertisementResponder.java
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/RouterAdvertisementResponder.java
@@ -62,18 +62,18 @@
     private static final String TAG = "RouterAdvertisementResponder";
     private static final Inet6Address DNS_SERVER =
             (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:4860:4860::64");
-    private final TapPacketReader mPacketReader;
+    private final PollPacketReader mPacketReader;
     // Maps IPv6 address to MacAddress and isRouter boolean.
     private final Map<Inet6Address, Pair<MacAddress, Boolean>> mNeighborMap = new ArrayMap<>();
     private final IpPrefix mPrefix;
 
-    public RouterAdvertisementResponder(TapPacketReader packetReader, IpPrefix prefix) {
+    public RouterAdvertisementResponder(PollPacketReader packetReader, IpPrefix prefix) {
         super(packetReader, RouterAdvertisementResponder::isRsOrNs, TAG);
         mPacketReader = packetReader;
         mPrefix = Objects.requireNonNull(prefix);
     }
 
-    public RouterAdvertisementResponder(TapPacketReader packetReader) {
+    public RouterAdvertisementResponder(PollPacketReader packetReader) {
         this(packetReader, makeRandomPrefix());
     }
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
                 buildSllaOption(srcMac));
     }
 
-    private static void sendResponse(TapPacketReader reader, ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    private static void sendResponse(PollPacketReader reader, ByteBuffer buffer) {
         try {
             reader.sendResponse(buffer);
         } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void replyToRouterSolicitation(TapPacketReader reader, MacAddress dstMac) {
+    private void replyToRouterSolicitation(PollPacketReader reader, MacAddress dstMac) {
         for (Map.Entry<Inet6Address, Pair<MacAddress, Boolean>> it : mNeighborMap.entrySet()) {
             final boolean isRouter = it.getValue().second;
             if (!isRouter) {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void replyToNeighborSolicitation(TapPacketReader reader, MacAddress dstMac,
+    private void replyToNeighborSolicitation(PollPacketReader reader, MacAddress dstMac,
             Inet6Address dstIp, Inet6Address targetIp) {
         final Pair<MacAddress, Boolean> neighbor = mNeighborMap.get(targetIp);
         if (neighbor == null) {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected void replyToPacket(byte[] packet, TapPacketReader reader) {
+    protected void replyToPacket(byte[] packet, PollPacketReader reader) {
         final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
         // Messages are filtered by parent class, so it is safe to assume that packet is either an
         // RS or NS.
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt
index d5e91c2..7b970d3 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/SetFeatureFlagsRule.kt
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
      * @param enabled The desired state (true for enabled, false for disabled) of the feature flag.
      */
     @Target(AnnotationTarget.FUNCTION)
+    @Repeatable
     @Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
     annotation class FeatureFlag(val name: String, val enabled: Boolean = true)
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TapPacketReaderRule.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TapPacketReaderRule.kt
index 701666c..adf7619 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TapPacketReaderRule.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TapPacketReaderRule.kt
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@
 private const val HANDLER_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
 
 /**
- * A [TestRule] that sets up a [TapPacketReader] on a [TestNetworkInterface] for use in the test.
+ * A [TestRule] that sets up a [PollPacketReader] on a [TestNetworkInterface] for use in the test.
  *
- * @param maxPacketSize Maximum size of packets read in the [TapPacketReader] buffer.
+ * @param maxPacketSize Maximum size of packets read in the [PollPacketReader] buffer.
  * @param autoStart Whether to initialize the interface and start the reader automatically for every
  *                  test. If false, each test must either call start() and stop(), or be annotated
  *                  with TapPacketReaderTest before using the reader or interface.
@@ -50,21 +50,21 @@
     // referenced before they could be initialized (typically if autoStart is false and the test
     // does not call start or use @TapPacketReaderTest).
     lateinit var iface: TestNetworkInterface
-    lateinit var reader: TapPacketReader
+    lateinit var reader: PollPacketReader
 
     @Volatile
     private var readerRunning = false
 
     /**
      * Indicates that the [TapPacketReaderRule] should initialize its [TestNetworkInterface] and
-     * start the [TapPacketReader] before the test, and tear them down afterwards.
+     * start the [PollPacketReader] before the test, and tear them down afterwards.
      *
      * For use when [TapPacketReaderRule] is created with autoStart = false.
      */
     annotation class TapPacketReaderTest
 
     /**
-     * Initialize the tap interface and start the [TapPacketReader].
+     * Initialize the tap interface and start the [PollPacketReader].
      *
      * Tests using this method must also call [stop] before exiting.
      * @param handler Handler to run the reader on. Callers are responsible for safely terminating
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@
         }
         val usedHandler = handler ?: HandlerThread(
                 TapPacketReaderRule::class.java.simpleName).apply { start() }.threadHandler
-        reader = TapPacketReader(usedHandler, iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, maxPacketSize)
+        reader = PollPacketReader(usedHandler, iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, maxPacketSize)
         reader.startAsyncForTest()
         readerRunning = true
     }
 
     /**
-     * Stop the [TapPacketReader].
+     * Stop the [PollPacketReader].
      *
      * Tests calling [start] must call this method before exiting. If a handler was specified in
      * [start], all messages on that handler must also be processed after calling this method and
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
index ae43c15..d9c51e5 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkCallback.kt
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LocalInfoChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Losing
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Reserved
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Resumed
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Suspended
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Unavailable
@@ -66,6 +67,12 @@
         // constructor by specifying override.
         abstract val network: Network
 
+        data class Reserved private constructor(
+                override val network: Network,
+                val caps: NetworkCapabilities
+        ): CallbackEntry() {
+            constructor(caps: NetworkCapabilities) : this(NULL_NETWORK, caps)
+        }
         data class Available(override val network: Network) : CallbackEntry()
         data class CapabilitiesChanged(
             override val network: Network,
@@ -100,6 +107,8 @@
         // Convenience constants for expecting a type
         companion object {
             @JvmField
+            val RESERVED = Reserved::class
+            @JvmField
             val AVAILABLE = Available::class
             @JvmField
             val NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED = CapabilitiesChanged::class
@@ -127,6 +136,11 @@
     val history = backingRecord.newReadHead()
     val mark get() = history.mark
 
+    override fun onReserved(caps: NetworkCapabilities) {
+        Log.d(logTag, "onReserved $caps")
+        history.add(Reserved(caps))
+    }
+
     override fun onAvailable(network: Network) {
         Log.d(logTag, "onAvailable $network")
         history.add(Available(network))
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkOfferCallback.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkOfferCallback.kt
index 21bd60c..a0078d2 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkOfferCallback.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/TestableNetworkOfferCallback.kt
@@ -52,10 +52,11 @@
 
     inline fun <reified T : CallbackEntry> expectCallbackThat(
         crossinline predicate: (T) -> Boolean
-    ) {
+    ): T {
         val event = history.poll(timeoutMs)
                 ?: fail("Did not receive callback after ${timeoutMs}ms")
         if (event !is T || !predicate(event)) fail("Received unexpected callback $event")
+        return event
     }
 
     fun expectOnNetworkNeeded(capabilities: NetworkCapabilities) =
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
index 435fdd8..a99359b 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
@@ -18,16 +18,20 @@
 
 import com.android.ddmlib.testrunner.TestResult
 import com.android.tradefed.config.Option
+import com.android.tradefed.invoker.ExecutionFiles.FilesKey
 import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation
+import com.android.tradefed.log.LogUtil.CLog
 import com.android.tradefed.result.CollectingTestListener
 import com.android.tradefed.result.ddmlib.DefaultRemoteAndroidTestRunner
 import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.BaseTargetPreparer
 import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TargetSetupError
 import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller
+import java.io.File
 
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK = "ConnectivityTestPreparer.apk"
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME = "com.android.testutils.connectivitypreparer"
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_CLASS = "$CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME.ConnectivityCheckTest"
+private const val CARRIER_CONFIG_SETUP_CLASS = "$CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME.CarrierConfigSetupTest"
 
 // As per the <instrumentation> defined in the checker manifest
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_RUNNER_NAME = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
@@ -47,7 +51,41 @@
  * --test-arg com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer:ignore-wifi-check:true".
  */
 open class ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer : BaseTargetPreparer() {
-    private val installer = SuiteApkInstaller()
+    private val installer = ApkInstaller()
+
+    private class ApkInstaller : SuiteApkInstaller() {
+        override fun getLocalPathForFilename(
+            testInfo: TestInformation,
+            apkFileName: String
+        ): File {
+            if (apkFileName == CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK) {
+                // For the connectivity checker APK, explicitly look for it in the directory of the
+                // host-side preparer.
+                // This preparer is part of the net-tests-utils-host-common library, which includes
+                // the checker APK via device_common_data in its build rule. Both need to be at the
+                // same version so that the preparer calls the right test methods in the checker
+                // APK.
+                // The default strategy for finding test files is to do a recursive search in test
+                // directories, which may find wrong files in wrong directories. In particular,
+                // if some MTS test includes the checker APK, and that test is linked to a module
+                // that boards the train at a version different from this target preparer, there
+                // could be a version difference between the APK and the host-side preparer.
+                // Explicitly looking for the APK in the host-side preparer directory ensures that
+                // it uses the version that was packaged together with the host-side preparer.
+                val testsDir = testInfo.executionFiles().get(FilesKey.TESTS_DIRECTORY)
+                val f = File(testsDir, "net-tests-utils-host-common/$CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK")
+                if (f.isFile) {
+                    return f
+                }
+                // When running locally via atest, device_common_data does cause the APK to be put
+                // into the test temp directory, so recursive search is still used to find it in the
+                // directory of the test module that is being run. This is fine because atest runs
+                // are on local trees that do not have versioning problems.
+                CLog.i("APK not found at $f, falling back to recursive search")
+            }
+            return super.getLocalPathForFilename(testInfo, apkFileName)
+        }
+    }
 
     @Option(
         name = IGNORE_WIFI_CHECK,
@@ -84,27 +122,28 @@
         installer.setShouldGrantPermission(true)
         installer.setUp(testInfo)
 
-        val testMethods = mutableListOf<String>()
+        val testMethods = mutableListOf<Pair<String, String>>()
         if (!ignoreWifiCheck) {
-            testMethods.add("testCheckWifiSetup")
+            testMethods.add(CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_CLASS to "testCheckWifiSetup")
         }
         if (!ignoreMobileDataCheck) {
-            testMethods.add("testCheckTelephonySetup")
+            testMethods.add(CARRIER_CONFIG_SETUP_CLASS to "testSetCarrierConfig")
+            testMethods.add(CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_CLASS to "testCheckTelephonySetup")
         }
 
         testMethods.forEach {
-            runTestMethod(testInfo, it)
+            runTestMethod(testInfo, it.first, it.second)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun runTestMethod(testInfo: TestInformation, method: String) {
+    private fun runTestMethod(testInfo: TestInformation, clazz: String, method: String) {
         val runner = DefaultRemoteAndroidTestRunner(
             CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME,
             CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_RUNNER_NAME,
             testInfo.device.iDevice
         )
         runner.runOptions = "--no-hidden-api-checks"
-        runner.setMethodName(CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_CLASS, method)
+        runner.setMethodName(clazz, method)
 
         val receiver = CollectingTestListener()
         if (!testInfo.device.runInstrumentationTests(runner, receiver)) {
@@ -177,7 +216,7 @@
                 .contains(":deny")
         }
 
-    private fun refreshTime(testInfo: TestInformation,) {
+    private fun refreshTime(testInfo: TestInformation) {
         // Forces a synchronous time refresh using the network. Time is fetched synchronously but
         // this does not guarantee that system time is updated when it returns.
         // This avoids flakes where the system clock rolls back, for example when using test
@@ -187,6 +226,9 @@
 
     override fun tearDown(testInfo: TestInformation, e: Throwable?) {
         if (isTearDownDisabled) return
+        if (!ignoreMobileDataCheck) {
+            runTestMethod(testInfo, CARRIER_CONFIG_SETUP_CLASS, "testClearCarrierConfig")
+        }
         installer.tearDown(testInfo, e)
         setUpdaterNetworkingEnabled(
             testInfo,
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_test_base.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_test_base.py
index 9a30978..2552aa3 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_test_base.py
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_test_base.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 from mobly import asserts
 from net_tests_utils.host.python import adb_utils, apf_utils, assert_utils, multi_devices_test_base, tether_utils
 from net_tests_utils.host.python.tether_utils import UpstreamType
-
+import time
 
 class ApfTestBase(multi_devices_test_base.MultiDevicesTestBase):
 
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     )
 
     # Fetch device properties and storing them locally for later use.
+    # TODO: refactor to separate instances to store client and server device
     self.server_iface_name, client_network = (
         tether_utils.setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
             self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.NONE
@@ -50,6 +51,21 @@
     self.server_mac_address = apf_utils.get_hardware_address(
         self.serverDevice, self.server_iface_name
     )
+    self.client_mac_address = apf_utils.get_hardware_address(
+        self.clientDevice, self.client_iface_name
+    )
+    self.server_ipv4_addresses = apf_utils.get_ipv4_addresses(
+        self.serverDevice, self.server_iface_name
+    )
+    self.client_ipv4_addresses = apf_utils.get_ipv4_addresses(
+        self.clientDevice, self.client_iface_name
+    )
+    self.server_ipv6_addresses = apf_utils.get_ipv6_addresses(
+        self.serverDevice, self.server_iface_name
+    )
+    self.client_ipv6_addresses = apf_utils.get_ipv6_addresses(
+        self.clientDevice, self.client_iface_name
+    )
 
     # Enable doze mode to activate APF.
     adb_utils.set_doze_mode(self.clientDevice, True)
@@ -81,4 +97,19 @@
         > count_before_test
     )
 
-    # TODO: Verify the packet is not actually received.
+  def send_packet_and_expect_reply_received(
+      self, send_packet: str, counter_name: str, receive_packet: str
+  ) -> None:
+    try:
+        apf_utils.start_capture_packets(self.serverDevice, self.server_iface_name)
+
+        self.send_packet_and_expect_counter_increased(send_packet, counter_name)
+
+        assert_utils.expect_with_retry(
+            lambda: apf_utils.get_matched_packet_counts(
+                self.serverDevice, self.server_iface_name, receive_packet
+            )
+            == 1
+        )
+    finally:
+        apf_utils.stop_capture_packets(self.serverDevice, self.server_iface_name)
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_utils.py
index e84ba3e..55ac860 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_utils.py
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/apf_utils.py
@@ -178,6 +178,30 @@
         "Cannot get hardware address for " + iface_name
     )
 
+def is_packet_capture_supported(
+        ad: android_device.AndroidDevice,
+) -> bool:
+
+  try:
+    # Invoke the shell command with empty argument and see how NetworkStack respond.
+    # If supported, an IllegalArgumentException with help page will be printed.
+    assert_utils.expect_throws(
+      lambda: start_capture_packets(ad, ""),
+      assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError
+    )
+    assert_utils.expect_throws(
+      lambda: stop_capture_packets(ad, ""),
+      assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError
+    )
+    assert_utils.expect_throws(
+      lambda: get_matched_packet_counts(ad, "", ""),
+      assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError
+    )
+  except assert_utils.UnexpectedExceptionError:
+    return False
+
+  # If no UnsupportOperationException is thrown, regard it as supported
+  return True
 
 def is_send_raw_packet_downstream_supported(
     ad: android_device.AndroidDevice,
@@ -224,25 +248,92 @@
         representation of a packet starting from L2 header.
   """
 
-  cmd = (
-      "cmd network_stack send-raw-packet-downstream"
-      f" {iface_name} {packet_in_hex}"
-  )
+  cmd = f"cmd network_stack send-raw-packet-downstream {iface_name} {packet_in_hex}"
 
   # Expect no output or Unknown command if NetworkStack is too old. Throw otherwise.
-  try:
-    output = adb_utils.adb_shell(ad, cmd)
-  except AdbError as e:
-    output = str(e.stdout)
-  if output:
-    if "Unknown command" in output:
-      raise UnsupportedOperationException(
-          "send-raw-packet-downstream command is not supported."
-      )
+  adb_output = AdbOutputHandler(ad, cmd).get_output()
+  if adb_output:
     raise assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError(
-        f"Got unexpected output: {output} for command: {cmd}."
+      f"Got unexpected output: {adb_output} for command: {cmd}."
     )
 
+def start_capture_packets(
+        ad: android_device.AndroidDevice,
+        iface_name: str
+) -> None:
+  """Starts packet capturing on a specified network interface.
+
+  This function initiates packet capture on the given network interface of an
+  Android device using an ADB shell command. It handles potential errors
+  related to unsupported commands or unexpected output.
+  This command only supports downstream tethering interface.
+
+  Args:
+    ad: The Android device object.
+    iface_name: The name of the network interface (e.g., "wlan0").
+  """
+  cmd = f"cmd network_stack capture start {iface_name}"
+
+  # Expect no output or Unknown command if NetworkStack is too old. Throw otherwise.
+  adb_output = AdbOutputHandler(ad, cmd).get_output()
+  if adb_output != "success":
+    raise assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError(
+      f"Got unexpected output: {adb_output} for command: {cmd}."
+    )
+
+def stop_capture_packets(
+        ad: android_device.AndroidDevice,
+        iface_name: str
+) -> None:
+  """Stops packet capturing on a specified network interface.
+
+  This function terminates packet capture on the given network interface of an
+  Android device using an ADB shell command. It handles potential errors
+  related to unsupported commands or unexpected output.
+
+  Args:
+    ad: The Android device object.
+    iface_name: The name of the network interface (e.g., "wlan0").
+  """
+  cmd = f"cmd network_stack capture stop {iface_name}"
+
+  # Expect no output or Unknown command if NetworkStack is too old. Throw otherwise.
+  adb_output = AdbOutputHandler(ad, cmd).get_output()
+  if adb_output != "success":
+    raise assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError(
+      f"Got unexpected output: {adb_output} for command: {cmd}."
+    )
+
+def get_matched_packet_counts(
+        ad: android_device.AndroidDevice,
+        iface_name: str,
+        packet_in_hex: str
+) -> int:
+  """Gets the number of captured packets matching a specific hexadecimal pattern.
+
+  This function retrieves the count of captured packets on the specified
+  network interface that match a given hexadecimal pattern. It uses an ADB
+  shell command and handles potential errors related to unsupported commands,
+  unexpected output, or invalid output format.
+
+  Args:
+    ad: The Android device object.
+    iface_name: The name of the network interface (e.g., "wlan0").
+    packet_in_hex: The hexadecimal string representing the packet pattern.
+
+  Returns:
+    The number of matched packets as an integer.
+  """
+  cmd = f"cmd network_stack capture matched-packet-counts {iface_name} {packet_in_hex}"
+
+  # Expect no output or Unknown command if NetworkStack is too old. Throw otherwise.
+  adb_output = AdbOutputHandler(ad, cmd).get_output()
+  try:
+    return int(adb_output)
+  except ValueError as e:
+    raise assert_utils.UnexpectedBehaviorError(
+      f"Got unexpected exception: {e} for command: {cmd}."
+    )
 
 @dataclass
 class ApfCapabilities:
@@ -304,3 +395,19 @@
       f"Supported apf version {caps.apf_version_supported} < expected version"
       f" {expected_version}",
   )
+
+class AdbOutputHandler:
+  def __init__(self, ad, cmd):
+    self._ad = ad
+    self._cmd = cmd
+
+  def get_output(self) -> str:
+    try:
+      return adb_utils.adb_shell(self._ad, self._cmd)
+    except AdbError as e:
+      output = str(e.stdout)
+      if "Unknown command" in output:
+        raise UnsupportedOperationException(
+          f"{self._cmd} is not supported."
+        )
+      return output
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/assert_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/assert_utils.py
index da1bb9e..40094a2 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/assert_utils.py
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/assert_utils.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 class UnexpectedBehaviorError(Exception):
   """Raised when there is an unexpected behavior during applying a procedure."""
 
+class UnexpectedExceptionError(Exception):
+  """Raised when there is an unexpected exception throws during applying a procedure"""
 
 def expect_with_retry(
     predicate: Callable[[], bool],
@@ -41,3 +43,17 @@
   raise UnexpectedBehaviorError(
       "Predicate didn't become true after " + str(max_retries) + " retries."
   )
+
+def expect_throws(runnable: callable, exception_class) -> None:
+  try:
+    runnable()
+    raise UnexpectedBehaviorError("Expected an exception, but none was thrown")
+  except exception_class:
+    pass
+  except UnexpectedBehaviorError as e:
+    raise e
+  except Exception as e:
+      raise UnexpectedExceptionError(
+        f"Expected exception of type {exception_class.__name__}, "
+        f"but got {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
+      )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
index 702b596..c63de1f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
@@ -108,3 +108,6 @@
     server.unregisterAll()
   # Teardown the hotspot.
   server.stopAllTethering()
+  # Some test cases would disable wifi, e.g. cellular upstream tests.
+  # Reconnect to it if feasible.
+  server.reconnectWifiIfSupported()
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/Cleanup.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/Cleanup.kt
index 9f28234..45c69c9 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/Cleanup.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/Cleanup.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 import com.android.testutils.FunctionalUtils.ThrowingRunnable
 import com.android.testutils.FunctionalUtils.ThrowingSupplier
+import java.util.function.Consumer
 import javax.annotation.CheckReturnValue
 
 /**
@@ -73,18 +74,34 @@
  * });
  */
 
+object TryTestConfig {
+    private var diagnosticsCollector: Consumer<Throwable>? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Set the diagnostics collector to be used in case of failure in [tryTest].
+     *
+     * @return The previous collector.
+     */
+    fun swapDiagnosticsCollector(collector: Consumer<Throwable>?): Consumer<Throwable>? {
+        val oldCollector = diagnosticsCollector
+        diagnosticsCollector = collector
+        return oldCollector
+    }
+
+    fun reportError(e: Throwable) {
+        diagnosticsCollector?.accept(e)
+    }
+}
+
 @CheckReturnValue
 fun <T> tryTest(block: () -> T) = TryExpr(
         try {
             Result.success(block())
         } catch (e: Throwable) {
             Result.failure(e)
-        })
+        }, skipErrorReporting = false)
 
-// Some downstream branches have an older kotlin that doesn't know about value classes.
-// TODO : Change this to "value class" when aosp no longer merges into such branches.
-@Suppress("INLINE_CLASS_DEPRECATED")
-inline class TryExpr<T>(val result: Result<T>) {
+class TryExpr<T>(val result: Result<T>, val skipErrorReporting: Boolean) {
     inline infix fun <reified E : Throwable> catch(block: (E) -> T): TryExpr<T> {
         val originalException = result.exceptionOrNull()
         if (originalException !is E) return this
@@ -92,23 +109,32 @@
             Result.success(block(originalException))
         } catch (e: Throwable) {
             Result.failure(e)
-        })
+        }, this.skipErrorReporting)
     }
 
     @CheckReturnValue
     inline infix fun cleanupStep(block: () -> Unit): TryExpr<T> {
+        // Report errors before the cleanup step, but after catch blocks that may suppress it
+        val originalException = result.exceptionOrNull()
+        var nextSkipErrorReporting = skipErrorReporting
+        if (!skipErrorReporting && originalException != null) {
+            TryTestConfig.reportError(originalException)
+            nextSkipErrorReporting = true
+        }
         try {
             block()
         } catch (e: Throwable) {
-            val originalException = result.exceptionOrNull()
-            return TryExpr(if (null == originalException) {
-                Result.failure(e)
+            return if (null == originalException) {
+                if (!skipErrorReporting) {
+                    TryTestConfig.reportError(e)
+                }
+                TryExpr(Result.failure(e), skipErrorReporting = true)
             } else {
                 originalException.addSuppressed(e)
-                Result.failure(originalException)
-            })
+                TryExpr(Result.failure(originalException), true)
+            }
         }
-        return this
+        return TryExpr(result, nextSkipErrorReporting)
     }
 
     inline infix fun cleanup(block: () -> Unit): T = cleanupStep(block).result.getOrThrow()
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/MiscAsserts.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/MiscAsserts.kt
index 1883387..176546a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/MiscAsserts.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/hostdevice/com/android/testutils/MiscAsserts.kt
@@ -20,11 +20,14 @@
 
 import com.android.testutils.FunctionalUtils.ThrowingRunnable
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import java.util.function.BooleanSupplier
 import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
 
 private const val TAG = "Connectivity unit test"
 
@@ -118,4 +121,25 @@
     val actualSet: HashSet<T> = HashSet(actual)
     assertEquals(actualSet.size, actual.size, "actual list contains duplicates")
     assertEquals(expectedSet, actualSet)
+}
+
+@JvmOverloads
+fun assertEventuallyTrue(
+    descr: String,
+    timeoutMs: Long,
+    pollIntervalMs: Long = 10L,
+    fn: BooleanSupplier
+) {
+    // This should use SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() since nanoTime does not include time in deep
+    // sleep, but this is a host-device library and SystemClock is Android-specific (not available
+    // on host). When waiting for a condition during tests the device would generally not go into
+    // deep sleep, and the polling sleep would go over the timeout anyway in that case, so this is
+    // fine.
+    val limit = System.nanoTime() + TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(timeoutMs)
+    while (!fn.asBoolean) {
+        if (System.nanoTime() > limit) {
+            fail(descr)
+        }
+        Thread.sleep(pollIntervalMs)
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/Android.bp b/tests/common/Android.bp
index e95a81a..60a02fb 100644
--- a/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 // Combine Connectivity, NetworkStack and Tethering jarjar rules for coverage target.
 // The jarjar files are simply concatenated in the order specified in srcs.
 // jarjar stops at the first matching rule, so order of concatenation affects the output.
-genrule {
+java_genrule {
     name: "ConnectivityCoverageJarJarRules",
     defaults: ["jarjar-rules-combine-defaults"],
     srcs: [
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
     name: "ConnectivityCoverageTestsLib",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     static_libs: [
-        "FrameworksNetTestsLib",
+        "ConnectivityUnitTestsLib",
         "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
         "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
         "NetworkStackTestsLib",
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@
         // meaning @hide APIs in framework-connectivity are resolved before @SystemApi
         // stubs in framework
         "framework-connectivity.impl",
+        "framework-connectivity-b.impl",
         "framework-connectivity-t.impl",
         "framework-tethering.impl",
         "framework",
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
index 15d3398..6655827 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
@@ -55,6 +56,10 @@
             mCode = request;
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public void setDelegateUid(int uid, IBinder binder, IIntResultListener listener) {
+        }
+
         // This is only @Override on R-
         public void logEvent(int eventId, String packageName) throws RemoteException {
             mCode = eventId;
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
index d640a73..fe869f8 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastV
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@
                 setLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn(true)
                 setVpnRequiresValidation(true)
             }
+            if (isAtLeastV()) {
+                setSkipNativeNetworkCreation(true)
+            }
         }.build()
         assertParcelingIsLossless(config)
     }
@@ -71,6 +75,9 @@
                 setLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn(true)
                 setVpnRequiresValidation(true)
             }
+            if (isAtLeastV()) {
+                setSkipNativeNetworkCreation(true)
+            }
         }.build()
 
         assertTrue(config.isExplicitlySelected())
@@ -79,6 +86,9 @@
         assertFalse(config.isPartialConnectivityAcceptable())
         assertTrue(config.isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable())
         assertEquals("TEST_NETWORK", config.getLegacyTypeName())
+        if (isAtLeastV()) {
+            assertTrue(config.shouldSkipNativeNetworkCreation())
+        }
         if (isAtLeastT()) {
             assertTrue(config.areLocalRoutesExcludedForVpn())
             assertTrue(config.isVpnValidationRequired())
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index 0f0e2f1..d694637 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -382,6 +382,7 @@
             netCap.setAllowedUids(allowedUids);
             netCap.setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_SUBID2));
             netCap.setUids(uids);
+            netCap.setReservationId(42);
         }
 
         netCap.setOwnerUid(123);
@@ -1493,4 +1494,42 @@
         // nc1 and nc2 are the same since invalid capability is ignored
         assertEquals(nc1, nc2);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReservationIdMatching() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities requestNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        final NetworkCapabilities reservationNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        reservationNc.setReservationId(42);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities reservedNetworkNc = new NetworkCapabilities(reservationNc);
+        final NetworkCapabilities otherNetworkNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        final NetworkCapabilities otherReservedNetworkNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        otherReservedNetworkNc.setReservationId(99);
+        final NetworkCapabilities offerNc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        offerNc.setReservationId(NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS);
+
+        // A regular request can match any network or offer except one with MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS
+        assertTrue(requestNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(reservedNetworkNc));
+        assertTrue(requestNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(otherNetworkNc));
+        assertTrue(requestNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(otherReservedNetworkNc));
+        assertFalse(requestNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(offerNc));
+
+        // A reservation request can only match the reservedNetwork and the blanket offer.
+        assertTrue(reservationNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(reservedNetworkNc));
+        assertFalse(reservationNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(otherNetworkNc));
+        assertFalse(reservationNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(otherReservedNetworkNc));
+        assertTrue(reservationNc.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(offerNc));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testReservationIdEquals() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        nc.setReservationId(42);
+        final NetworkCapabilities other = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+
+        assertEquals(nc, other);
+
+        nc.setReservationId(43);
+        assertNotEquals(nc, other);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
index 97be91a..0ac9ce1 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
         "mts-tethering",
         "sts",
     ],
-    data: [
+    device_common_data: [
         ":CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp",
         ":CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp2",
         ":CtsHostsideNetworkCapTestsAppWithoutProperty",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
index 31924f0..ca3e77f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 
 java_test_helper_library {
     name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
-    sdk_version: "current",
-    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    sdk_version: "system_current",
     srcs: [
         "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.aidl",
         "com/android/cts/net/hostside/*.java",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ITetheringHelper.aidl b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ITetheringHelper.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9f5ed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/aidl/com/android/cts/net/hostside/ITetheringHelper.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+
+interface ITetheringHelper {
+    TetheringInterface getTetheredWifiInterface();
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringHelperClient.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringHelperClient.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f5ebb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringHelperClient.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.ServiceConnection;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+public class TetheringHelperClient {
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final String PACKAGE = TetheringHelperClient.class.getPackage().getName();
+    private static final String APP2_PACKAGE = PACKAGE + ".app2";
+    private static final String SERVICE_NAME = APP2_PACKAGE + ".TetheringHelperService";
+
+    private Context mContext;
+    private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection;
+    private ITetheringHelper mService;
+
+    public TetheringHelperClient(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Binds to TetheringHelperService.
+     */
+    public void bind() {
+        if (mService != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Already bound");
+        }
+
+        final ConditionVariable cv = new ConditionVariable();
+        mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
+                mService = ITetheringHelper.Stub.asInterface(service);
+                cv.open();
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+                mService = null;
+            }
+        };
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent();
+        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(APP2_PACKAGE, SERVICE_NAME));
+        mContext.bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
+        cv.block(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        if (mService == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Could not bind to TetheringHelperService after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unbinds from TetheringHelperService.
+     */
+    public void unbind() {
+        if (mService != null) {
+            mContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the tethered Wifi interface as seen from TetheringHelperService.
+     */
+    public TetheringInterface getTetheredWifiInterface() throws RemoteException {
+        return mService.getTetheredWifiInterface();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad98a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/TetheringTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
+
+import static androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils;
+import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiSsid;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+public class TetheringTest {
+    private CtsTetheringUtils mCtsTetheringUtils;
+    private TetheringHelperClient mTetheringHelperClient;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        Context targetContext = getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();
+        mCtsTetheringUtils = new CtsTetheringUtils(targetContext);
+        mTetheringHelperClient = new TetheringHelperClient(targetContext);
+        mTetheringHelperClient.bind();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        mTetheringHelperClient.unbind();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts Wifi tethering and tests that the SoftApConfiguration is redacted from
+     * TetheringEventCallback for other apps.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSoftApConfigurationRedactedForOtherUids() throws Exception {
+        final CtsTetheringUtils.TestTetheringEventCallback tetherEventCallback =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.registerTetheringEventCallback();
+        SoftApConfiguration softApConfig = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setWifiSsid(WifiSsid.fromBytes("This is an SSID!"
+                        .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))).build();
+        final TetheringInterface tetheringInterface =
+                mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback, softApConfig);
+        assertNotNull(tetheringInterface);
+        assertEquals(softApConfig, tetheringInterface.getSoftApConfiguration());
+        try {
+            TetheringInterface tetheringInterfaceForApp2 =
+                    mTetheringHelperClient.getTetheredWifiInterface();
+            assertNotNull(tetheringInterfaceForApp2);
+            assertNull(tetheringInterfaceForApp2.getSoftApConfiguration());
+            assertEquals(
+                    tetheringInterface.getInterface(), tetheringInterfaceForApp2.getInterface());
+        } finally {
+            mCtsTetheringUtils.stopWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index d05a8d0..3430196 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.content.Context.RECEIVER_EXPORTED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
@@ -1209,7 +1210,7 @@
                     AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_VERSION,
                     AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_ENABLED, false /* makeDefault */);
             return mode;
-        }, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG);
+        }, READ_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG);
 
         final IpSecManager ipSec = mTargetContext.getSystemService(IpSecManager.class);
         SocketKeepalive kp = null;
@@ -1249,7 +1250,7 @@
                                 AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_VERSION,
                                 origMode, false);
                 mCM.setTestLowTcpPollingTimerForKeepalive(0);
-            }, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            }, WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
index 412b307..6ccaf4f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
             android:debuggable="true">
         <service android:name=".RemoteSocketFactoryService"
              android:exported="true"/>
+        <service android:name=".TetheringHelperService"
+             android:exported="true"/>
     </application>
 
     <!--
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/TetheringHelperService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/TetheringHelperService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56a8cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/TetheringHelperService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2;
+
+
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
+
+import android.app.Service;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.TetheringInterface;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.android.cts.net.hostside.ITetheringHelper;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class TetheringHelperService extends Service {
+    private static final String TAG = TetheringHelperService.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private ITetheringHelper.Stub mBinder = new ITetheringHelper.Stub() {
+        public TetheringInterface getTetheredWifiInterface() {
+            ArrayBlockingQueue<TetheringInterface> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);
+            TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback callback =
+                    new TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(
+                                @NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
+                            for (TetheringInterface iface : interfaces) {
+                                if (iface.getType() == TETHERING_WIFI) {
+                                    queue.offer(iface);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+            TetheringManager tm =
+                    TetheringHelperService.this.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+            tm.registerTetheringEventCallback(Runnable::run, callback);
+            TetheringInterface iface;
+            try {
+                iface = queue.poll(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Wait for wifi TetheredInterface interrupted");
+            } finally {
+                tm.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
+            }
+            if (iface == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "No wifi TetheredInterface received after 5 seconds");
+            }
+            return iface;
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return mBinder;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideTetheringTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideTetheringTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d73e01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideTetheringTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.cts.net;
+
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.AfterClassWithInfo;
+import com.android.tradefed.testtype.junit4.BeforeClassWithInfo;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@RunWith(DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
+public class HostsideTetheringTests extends HostsideNetworkTestCase {
+    /**
+     * Set up the test once before running all the tests.
+     */
+    @BeforeClassWithInfo
+    public static void setUpOnce(TestInformation testInfo) throws Exception {
+        uninstallPackage(testInfo, TEST_APP2_PKG, false);
+        installPackage(testInfo, TEST_APP2_APK);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tear down the test once after running all the tests.
+     */
+    @AfterClassWithInfo
+    public static void tearDownOnce(TestInformation testInfo)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+        uninstallPackage(testInfo, TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSoftApConfigurationRedactedForOtherApps() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".TetheringTest",
+                "testSoftApConfigurationRedactedForOtherUids");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
index 40aa1e4..949be85 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     test_options: {
         unit_test: false,
     },
-    data: [
+    device_common_data: [
         // Package the snippet with the mobly test
         ":connectivity_multi_devices_snippet",
     ],
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
index 49688cc..6da7e9a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@
         ctsNetUtils.expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(network)
     }
 
+    @Rpc(description = "Reconnect to wifi if supported.")
+    fun reconnectWifiIfSupported() {
+        ctsNetUtils.reconnectWifiIfSupported()
+    }
+
     @Rpc(description = "Unregister all connections.")
     fun unregisterAll() {
         cbHelper.unregisterAll()
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
index a5ad7f2..a9ac29c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/Android.bp
@@ -70,6 +70,14 @@
         ":ConnectivityTestPreparer",
         ":CtsCarrierServicePackage",
     ],
+    errorprone: {
+        enabled: true,
+        // Error-prone checking only warns of problems when building. To make the build fail with
+        // these errors, list the specific error-prone problems below.
+        javacflags: [
+            "-Xep:NullablePrimitive:ERROR",
+        ],
+    },
 }
 
 // Networking CTS tests for development and release. These tests always target the platform SDK
@@ -88,14 +96,8 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
-        "mts-dnsresolver",
-        "mts-networking",
         "mts-tethering",
-        "mts-wifi",
-        "mcts-dnsresolver",
-        "mcts-networking",
         "mcts-tethering",
-        "mcts-wifi",
         "general-tests",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
index 24431a6..cb0e575 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user_on_secondary_display" />
 
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk" />
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
     </target_preparer>
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
         <option name="package" value="{PACKAGE}" />
+        <option name="shell-timeout" value="1500s"/>
         <option name="runtime-hint" value="9m4s" />
         <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false" />
         <option name="isolated-storage" value="false" />
@@ -56,7 +58,13 @@
              the runner will only run the tests annotated with that annotation, but if it does not,
              the runner will run all the tests. -->
         <option name="include-annotation" value="com.android.testutils.filters.{MODULE}" />
+        <option name="device-listeners" value="com.android.testutils.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector" />
     </test>
+    <metrics_collector class="com.android.tradefed.device.metric.FilePullerLogCollector">
+        <!-- Pattern matching the fileKey used by ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector when calling addFileMetric -->
+        <option name="pull-pattern-keys" value="com.android.testutils.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.*"/>
+        <option name="collect-on-run-ended-only" value="true" />
+    </metrics_collector>
     <!-- When this test is run in a Mainline context (e.g. with `mts-tradefed`), only enable it if
         one of the Mainline modules below is present on the device used for testing. -->
     <object type="module_controller" class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
index f2214a3..1d848ec 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/jni/NativeMultinetworkJni.cpp
@@ -415,9 +415,17 @@
     strlcpy(dst, buf, size);
 }
 
+static jobject create_query_test_result(JNIEnv* env, uint16_t src_port, int attempts, int errnum) {
+    jclass clazz = env->FindClass(
+        "android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest$QueryTestResult");
+    jmethodID ctor = env->GetMethodID(clazz, "<init>", "(III)V");
+
+    return env->NewObject(clazz, ctor, src_port, attempts, errnum);
+}
+
 extern "C"
-JNIEXPORT jint Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runDatagramCheck(
-        JNIEnv*, jclass, jlong nethandle) {
+JNIEXPORT jobject Java_android_net_cts_MultinetworkApiTest_runDatagramCheck(
+        JNIEnv* env, jclass, jlong nethandle, jint src_port) {
     const struct addrinfo kHints = {
         .ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG,
         .ai_family = AF_UNSPEC,
@@ -433,7 +441,7 @@
         LOGD("android_getaddrinfofornetwork(%llu, %s) returned rval=%d errno=%d",
               handle, kHostname, rval, errno);
         freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
+        return create_query_test_result(env, 0, 0, errno);
     }
 
     // Rely upon getaddrinfo sorting the best destination to the front.
@@ -442,7 +450,7 @@
         LOGD("socket(%d, %d, %d) failed, errno=%d",
               res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol, errno);
         freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
+        return create_query_test_result(env, 0, 0, errno);
     }
 
     rval = android_setsocknetwork(handle, fd);
@@ -451,7 +459,31 @@
     if (rval != 0) {
         close(fd);
         freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
+        return create_query_test_result(env, 0, 0, errno);
+    }
+
+    sockaddr_storage src_addr;
+    socklen_t src_addrlen = sizeof(src_addr);
+    if (src_port) {
+        if (res->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
+            *reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in6*>(&src_addr) = (sockaddr_in6) {
+                .sin6_family = AF_INET6,
+                .sin6_port = htons(src_port),
+                .sin6_addr = in6addr_any,
+            };
+        } else {
+            *reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in*>(&src_addr) = (sockaddr_in) {
+                .sin_family = AF_INET,
+                .sin_port = htons(src_port),
+                .sin_addr = { .s_addr = INADDR_ANY },
+            };
+        }
+        if (bind(fd, (sockaddr *)&src_addr, src_addrlen) != 0) {
+            LOGD("Error binding to port %d", src_port);
+            close(fd);
+            freeaddrinfo(res);
+            return create_query_test_result(env, 0, 0, errno);
+        }
     }
 
     char addrstr[kSockaddrStrLen+1];
@@ -462,19 +494,28 @@
     if (rval != 0) {
         close(fd);
         freeaddrinfo(res);
-        return -errno;
+        return create_query_test_result(env, 0, 0, errno);
     }
     freeaddrinfo(res);
 
-    struct sockaddr_storage src_addr;
-    socklen_t src_addrlen = sizeof(src_addr);
     if (getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, &src_addrlen) != 0) {
         close(fd);
-        return -errno;
+        return create_query_test_result(env, 0, 0, errno);
     }
     sockaddr_ntop((const struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr), addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));
     LOGD("... from %s", addrstr);
 
+    uint16_t socket_src_port;
+    if (res->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
+        socket_src_port = ntohs(reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in6*>(&src_addr)->sin6_port);
+    } else if (src_addr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+        socket_src_port = ntohs(reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in*>(&src_addr)->sin_port);
+    } else {
+        LOGD("Invalid source address family %d", src_addr.ss_family);
+        close(fd);
+        return create_query_test_result(env, 0, 0, EAFNOSUPPORT);
+    }
+
     // Don't let reads or writes block indefinitely.
     const struct timeval timeo = { 2, 0 };  // 2 seconds
     setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &timeo, sizeof(timeo));
@@ -503,7 +544,7 @@
             errnum = errno;
             LOGD("send(QUIC packet) returned sent=%zd, errno=%d", sent, errnum);
             close(fd);
-            return -errnum;
+            return create_query_test_result(env, socket_src_port, i + 1, errnum);
         }
 
         rcvd = recv(fd, response, sizeof(response), 0);
@@ -521,18 +562,19 @@
             LOGD("Does this network block UDP port %s?", kPort);
         }
         close(fd);
-        return -EPROTO;
+        return create_query_test_result(env, socket_src_port, i + 1,
+                rcvd <= 0 ? errnum : EPROTO);
     }
 
     int conn_id_cmp = memcmp(quic_packet + 6, response + 7, 8);
     if (conn_id_cmp != 0) {
         LOGD("sent and received connection IDs do not match");
         close(fd);
-        return -EPROTO;
+        return create_query_test_result(env, socket_src_port, i + 1, EPROTO);
     }
 
     // TODO: Replace this quick 'n' dirty test with proper QUIC-capable code.
 
     close(fd);
-    return 0;
+    return create_query_test_result(env, socket_src_port, i + 1, 0);
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
index de4a3bf..8138598 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
@@ -62,8 +62,6 @@
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
         "mts-dnsresolver",
-        "mts-networking",
         "mcts-dnsresolver",
-        "mcts-networking",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
index 9ac2c67..320622b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 
 package android.net.cts
 
+import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG
 import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.Network
@@ -49,6 +52,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.PowerManager
+import android.os.UserManager
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY
@@ -140,15 +144,34 @@
         fun turnScreenOff() {
             if (!wakeLock.isHeld()) wakeLock.acquire()
             runShellCommandOrThrow("input keyevent KEYCODE_SLEEP")
-            val result = pollingCheck({ !powerManager.isInteractive() }, timeout_ms = 2000)
-            assertThat(result).isTrue()
+            waitForInteractiveState(false)
         }
 
         fun turnScreenOn() {
             if (wakeLock.isHeld()) wakeLock.release()
             runShellCommandOrThrow("input keyevent KEYCODE_WAKEUP")
-            val result = pollingCheck({ powerManager.isInteractive() }, timeout_ms = 2000)
-            assertThat(result).isTrue()
+            waitForInteractiveState(true)
+        }
+
+        private fun waitForInteractiveState(interactive: Boolean) {
+            // TODO(b/366037029): This test condition should be removed once
+            // PowerManager#isInteractive is fully implemented on automotive
+            // form factor with visible background user.
+            if (isAutomotiveWithVisibleBackgroundUser()) {
+                // Wait for 2 seconds to ensure the interactive state is updated.
+                // This is a workaround for b/366037029.
+                Thread.sleep(2000L)
+            } else {
+                val result = pollingCheck({ powerManager.isInteractive() }, timeout_ms = 2000)
+                assertThat(result).isEqualTo(interactive)
+            }
+        }
+
+        private fun isAutomotiveWithVisibleBackgroundUser(): Boolean {
+            val packageManager = context.getPackageManager()
+            val userManager = context.getSystemService(UserManager::class.java)!!
+            return (packageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)
+                    && userManager.isVisibleBackgroundUsersSupported)
         }
 
         @BeforeClass
@@ -156,16 +179,18 @@
         @Suppress("ktlint:standard:no-multi-spaces")
         fun setupOnce() {
             // TODO: assertions thrown in @BeforeClass / @AfterClass are not well supported in the
-            // test infrastructure. Consider saving excepion and throwing it in setUp().
+            // test infrastructure. Consider saving exception and throwing it in setUp().
+
             // APF must run when the screen is off and the device is not interactive.
             turnScreenOff()
+
             // Wait for APF to become active.
             Thread.sleep(1000)
             // TODO: check that there is no active wifi network. Otherwise, ApfFilter has already been
             // created.
             // APF adb cmds are only implemented in ApfFilter.java. Enable experiment to prevent
             // LegacyApfFilter.java from being used.
-            runAsShell(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
+            runAsShell(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
                 DeviceConfig.setProperty(
                         NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
                         APF_NEW_RA_FILTER_VERSION,
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index b62db04..9457a42 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.RECEIVER_EXPORTED;
 import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEventuallyTrue;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
 import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.DnsResolver;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
@@ -200,6 +202,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NetworkInformationShimImpl;
@@ -248,7 +251,6 @@
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.net.URL;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -305,6 +307,7 @@
     private static final int LISTEN_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
     private static final int NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
     private static final int NETWORK_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000;
+    private static final int DNS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
     private static final int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
     private static final int NUM_TRIES_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK = 20;
     private static final long INTERVAL_MULTIPATH_PREF_CHECK_MS = 500;
@@ -860,6 +863,55 @@
         });
     }
 
+    @NonNull
+    private static String getDeviceIpv6AddressThroughDnsQuery(Network network) throws Exception {
+        final InetAddress dnsAddr = getAddrByName("ns1.google.com", AF_INET6);
+        assertNotNull("IPv6 address for ns1.google.com should not be null", dnsAddr);
+
+        try (DatagramSocket udpSocket = new DatagramSocket()) {
+            network.bindSocket(udpSocket);
+
+            final DnsPacket queryDnsPkt = new DnsPacket(
+                    new DnsPacket.DnsHeader(new Random().nextInt(), DnsResolver.FLAG_EMPTY,
+                            1 /* qdcount */,
+                            0 /* ancount */),
+                    List.of(DnsPacket.DnsRecord.makeQuestion("o-o.myaddr.l.google.com",
+                            DnsResolver.TYPE_TXT, DnsResolver.CLASS_IN)),
+                    List.of() /* an */
+            );
+            final byte[] queryDnsRawBytes = queryDnsPkt.getBytes();
+            final byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[1500];
+            final int maxRetry = 3;
+            for (int attempt = 1; attempt <= maxRetry; ++attempt) {
+                try {
+                    final DatagramPacket queryUdpPkt = new DatagramPacket(queryDnsRawBytes,
+                            queryDnsRawBytes.length, dnsAddr, 53 /* port */);
+                    udpSocket.send(queryUdpPkt);
+
+                    final DatagramPacket replyUdpPkt = new DatagramPacket(receiveBuffer,
+                            receiveBuffer.length);
+                    udpSocket.setSoTimeout(DNS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
+                    udpSocket.receive(replyUdpPkt);
+                    break;
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (attempt == maxRetry) {
+                        throw e; // If the last attempt fails, rethrow the exception.
+                    } else {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "DNS request failed (attempt " + attempt + ")" + e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            final DnsPacket replyDnsPkt = new DnsPacket(receiveBuffer);
+            final DnsPacket.DnsRecord answerRecord = replyDnsPkt.getRecords(
+                    DnsPacket.ANSECTION).get(0);
+            final byte[] txtReplyRecord = answerRecord.getRR();
+            final byte dataLength = txtReplyRecord[0];
+            assertEquals(dataLength, txtReplyRecord.length - 1);
+            return new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(txtReplyRecord, 1, txtReplyRecord.length));
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Tests that connections can be opened on WiFi and cellphone networks,
      * and that they are made from different IP addresses.
@@ -885,8 +937,30 @@
 
         // Verify that the IP addresses that the requests appeared to come from are actually on the
         // respective networks.
-        assertOnNetwork(wifiAddressString, wifiNetwork);
-        assertOnNetwork(cellAddressString, cellNetwork);
+        final InetAddress wifiAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(wifiAddressString);
+        final LinkProperties wifiLinkProperties = mCm.getLinkProperties(wifiNetwork);
+        // To make sure that the request went out on the right network, check that
+        // the IP address seen by the server is assigned to the expected network.
+        // We can only do this for IPv6 addresses, because in IPv4 we will likely
+        // have a private IPv4 address, and that won't match what the server sees.
+        if (wifiAddress instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            assertContains(wifiLinkProperties.getAddresses(), wifiAddress);
+        }
+
+        final LinkProperties cellLinkProperties = mCm.getLinkProperties(cellNetwork);
+        final InetAddress cellAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(cellAddressString);
+        final List<InetAddress> cellNetworkAddresses = cellLinkProperties.getAddresses();
+        // In userdebug build, on cellular network, if the onNetwork check failed, we also try to
+        // re-verify it by obtaining the IP address through DNS query.
+        if (cellAddress instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            if (DeviceInfoUtils.isDebuggable() && !cellNetworkAddresses.contains(cellAddress)) {
+                final InetAddress ipv6AddressThroughDns = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(
+                        getDeviceIpv6AddressThroughDnsQuery(cellNetwork));
+                assertContains(cellNetworkAddresses, ipv6AddressThroughDns);
+            } else {
+                assertContains(cellNetworkAddresses, cellAddress);
+            }
+        }
 
         assertFalse("Unexpectedly equal: " + wifiNetwork, wifiNetwork.equals(cellNetwork));
     }
@@ -918,17 +992,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void assertOnNetwork(String adressString, Network network) throws UnknownHostException {
-        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(adressString);
-        LinkProperties linkProperties = mCm.getLinkProperties(network);
-        // To make sure that the request went out on the right network, check that
-        // the IP address seen by the server is assigned to the expected network.
-        // We can only do this for IPv6 addresses, because in IPv4 we will likely
-        // have a private IPv4 address, and that won't match what the server sees.
-        if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {
-            assertContains(linkProperties.getAddresses(), address);
-        }
-    }
 
     private static<T> void assertContains(Collection<T> collection, T element) {
         assertTrue(element + " not found in " + collection, collection.contains(element));
@@ -1552,7 +1615,7 @@
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
         final ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
         mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
-        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID());
+        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(getSSID());
         final String oldMeteredSetting = getWifiMeteredStatus(ssid);
         final String oldMeteredMultipathPreference = Settings.Global.getString(
                 resolver, NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE);
@@ -1565,7 +1628,7 @@
             // since R.
             final Network network = setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, true /* isMetered */,
                     false /* waitForValidation */);
-            assertEquals(ssid, unquoteSSID(mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID()));
+            assertEquals(ssid, unquoteSSID(getSSID()));
             assertEquals(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network).hasCapability(
                     NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED), false);
             assertMultipathPreferenceIsEventually(network, initialMeteredPreference,
@@ -1712,7 +1775,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private InetAddress getAddrByName(final String hostname, final int family) throws Exception {
+    private static InetAddress getAddrByName(final String hostname, final int family)
+            throws Exception {
         final InetAddress[] allAddrs = InetAddress.getAllByName(hostname);
         for (InetAddress addr : allAddrs) {
             if (family == AF_INET && addr instanceof Inet4Address) return addr;
@@ -2365,7 +2429,7 @@
                 mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
 
         final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
-        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID());
+        final String ssid = unquoteSSID(getSSID());
         assertNotNull("Ssid getting from WifiManager is null", ssid);
         // This package should have no NETWORK_SETTINGS permission. Verify that no ssid is contained
         // in the NetworkCapabilities.
@@ -2876,6 +2940,15 @@
                         new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * It needs android.Manifest.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL
+     * to use WifiManager.getConnectionInfo() on the visible background user.
+     */
+    private String getSSID() {
+        return runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID());
+    }
+
     private static final class OnCompleteListenerCallback {
         final CompletableFuture<Object> mDone = new CompletableFuture<>();
 
@@ -2934,12 +3007,7 @@
                 mCm.getActiveNetwork(), false /* accept */ , false /* always */));
     }
 
-    private void ensureCellIsValidatedBeforeMockingValidationUrls() {
-        // Verify that current supported network is validated so that the mock http server will not
-        // apply to unexpected networks. Also see aosp/2208680.
-        //
-        // This may also apply to wifi in principle, but in practice methods that mock validation
-        // URL all disconnect wifi forcefully anyway, so don't wait for wifi to validate.
+    private void ensureCellIsValidated() {
         if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)) {
             new ConnectUtil(mContext).ensureCellularValidated();
         }
@@ -3022,9 +3090,13 @@
             networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
 
             final Network wifiNetwork = prepareUnvalidatedNetwork();
-            // Default network should not be wifi ,but checking that wifi is not the default doesn't
-            // guarantee that it won't become the default in the future.
-            assertNotEquals(wifiNetwork, mCm.getActiveNetwork());
+            // Default network should not be wifi ,but checking that Wi-Fi is not the default
+            // doesn't guarantee that it won't become the default in the future.
+            // On U 24Q2+ telephony may teardown (unregisterAfterReplacement) its network when Wi-Fi
+            // is toggled (as part of prepareUnvalidatedNetwork here). Give some time for Wi-Fi to
+            // not be default in case telephony is reconnecting.
+            assertEventuallyTrue("Wifi remained default despite being unvalidated",
+                    WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS, () -> !wifiNetwork.equals(mCm.getActiveNetwork()));
 
             final TestableNetworkCallback wifiCb = networkCallbackRule.registerNetworkCallback(
                     makeWifiNetworkRequest());
@@ -3061,6 +3133,7 @@
 
         try {
             final Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
+            ensureCellIsValidated();
             final Network wifiNetwork = prepareValidatedNetwork();
 
             final TestableNetworkCallback defaultCb =
@@ -3156,7 +3229,12 @@
     }
 
     private Network prepareValidatedNetwork() throws Exception {
-        ensureCellIsValidatedBeforeMockingValidationUrls();
+        // Verify that current supported network is validated so that the mock http server will not
+        // apply to unexpected networks. Also see aosp/2208680.
+        //
+        // This may also apply to wifi in principle, but in practice methods that mock validation
+        // URL all disconnect wifi forcefully anyway, so don't wait for wifi to validate.
+        ensureCellIsValidated();
 
         prepareHttpServer();
         configTestServer(Status.NO_CONTENT, Status.NO_CONTENT);
@@ -3168,7 +3246,7 @@
     }
 
     private Network preparePartialConnectivity() throws Exception {
-        ensureCellIsValidatedBeforeMockingValidationUrls();
+        ensureCellIsValidated();
 
         prepareHttpServer();
         // Configure response code for partial connectivity
@@ -3183,7 +3261,7 @@
     }
 
     private Network prepareUnvalidatedNetwork() throws Exception {
-        ensureCellIsValidatedBeforeMockingValidationUrls();
+        ensureCellIsValidated();
 
         prepareHttpServer();
         // Configure response code for unvalidated network
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
index 041e6cb..1de4cf9 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.RouterAdvertisementResponder
 import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
     private lateinit var srcAddressV6: Inet6Address
     private lateinit var iface: TestNetworkInterface
     private lateinit var tunNetworkCallback: TestNetworkCallback
-    private lateinit var reader: TapPacketReader
+    private lateinit var reader: PollPacketReader
     private lateinit var arpResponder: ArpResponder
     private lateinit var raResponder: RouterAdvertisementResponder
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
         }
 
         handlerThread.start()
-        reader = TapPacketReader(
+        reader = PollPacketReader(
                 handlerThread.threadHandler,
                 iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
                 MAX_PACKET_LENGTH)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index 61ebd8f..5b2c9f7 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -72,11 +72,12 @@
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.RouterAdvertisementResponder
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.net.Inet6Address
 import java.net.Socket
@@ -145,13 +146,15 @@
 
     private var tetheredInterfaceRequest: TetheredInterfaceRequest? = null
 
+    private var ethernetEnabled = true
+
     private class EthernetTestInterface(
         context: Context,
         private val handler: Handler,
         hasCarrier: Boolean
     ) {
         private val tapInterface: TestNetworkInterface
-        private val packetReader: TapPacketReader
+        private val packetReader: PollPacketReader
         private val raResponder: RouterAdvertisementResponder
         private val tnm: TestNetworkManager
         val name get() = tapInterface.interfaceName
@@ -169,7 +172,11 @@
                 tnm.createTapInterface(hasCarrier, false /* bringUp */)
             }
             val mtu = tapInterface.mtu
-            packetReader = TapPacketReader(handler, tapInterface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, mtu)
+            packetReader = PollPacketReader(
+                    handler,
+                    tapInterface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
+                    mtu
+            )
             raResponder = RouterAdvertisementResponder(packetReader)
             val iidString = "fe80::${Integer.toHexString(Random().nextInt(65536))}"
             val linklocal = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(iidString) as Inet6Address
@@ -336,7 +343,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private fun isEthernetSupported() : Boolean {
+    private fun isEthernetSupported(): Boolean {
         return context.getSystemService(EthernetManager::class.java) != null
     }
 
@@ -424,7 +431,7 @@
 
         // when an interface comes up, we should always see a down cb before an up cb.
         ifaceListener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
-        if (hasCarrier) {
+        if (hasCarrier && ethernetEnabled) {
             ifaceListener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
         }
         return iface
@@ -510,6 +517,7 @@
     private fun setEthernetEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
         runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) { em.setEthernetEnabled(enabled) }
 
+        ethernetEnabled = enabled
         val listener = EthernetStateListener()
         addEthernetStateListener(listener)
         listener.eventuallyExpect(if (enabled) ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED else ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED)
@@ -596,26 +604,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testCallbacks_withRunningInterface() {
-        assumeFalse(isAdbOverEthernet())
-        // Only run this test when no non-restricted / physical interfaces are present.
-        assumeNoInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()
-
-        val iface = createInterface()
-        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
-        addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
-        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
-
-        // Remove running interface. The interface stays running but is no longer tracked.
-        setEthernetEnabled(false)
-        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
-
-        setEthernetEnabled(true)
-        listener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
-        listener.assertNoCallback()
-    }
-
     private fun assumeNoInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() {
         // Interfaces that have configured NetworkCapabilities will never be used for tethering,
         // see aosp/2123900.
@@ -907,6 +895,30 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    fun testEnableDisableInterface_disableEnableEthernet() {
+        val iface = createInterface()
+        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        // When ethernet is disabled, interface should be down and enable/disableInterface()
+        // should not bring the interfaces up.
+        setEthernetEnabled(false)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        enableInterface(iface).expectError()
+        disableInterface(iface).expectError()
+        listener.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // When ethernet is enabled, enable/disableInterface() should succeed.
+        setEthernetEnabled(true)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        disableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        enableInterface(iface).expectResult(iface.name)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+    }
+
+    @Test
     fun testUpdateConfiguration_forBothIpConfigAndCapabilities() {
         val iface = createInterface()
         val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.copyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface.name))
@@ -1014,4 +1026,88 @@
         cb.eventuallyExpectCapabilities(TEST_CAPS)
         cb.eventuallyExpectLpForStaticConfig(STATIC_IP_CONFIGURATION.staticIpConfiguration)
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAddInterface_disableEnableEthernet() {
+        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+
+        // When ethernet is disabled, newly added interfaces should not be brought up.
+        setEthernetEnabled(false)
+        val iface = createInterface(/* hasCarrier */ true)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        // When ethernet is re-enabled after interface is added, it will be brought up.
+        setEthernetEnabled(true)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveInterface_disableEnableEthernet() {
+        // Set up 2 interfaces for testing
+        val iface1 = createInterface()
+        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface1, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        val iface2 = createInterface()
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface2, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        // Removing interfaces when ethernet is enabled will first send link down, then
+        // STATE_ABSENT/ROLE_NONE.
+        removeInterface(iface1)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface1, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface1, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
+
+        // Removing interfaces after ethernet is disabled will first send link down when ethernet is
+        // disabled, then STATE_ABSENT/ROLE_NONE when interface is removed.
+        setEthernetEnabled(false)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        removeInterface(iface2)
+        listener.expectCallback(iface2, STATE_ABSENT, ROLE_NONE)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetTetheringInterfaceMode_disableEnableEthernet() {
+        val listener = EthernetStateListener()
+        addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
+
+        val iface = createInterface()
+        requestTetheredInterface().expectOnAvailable()
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_SERVER)
+
+        // (b/234743836): Currently the state of server mode interfaces always returns true due to
+        // that interface state for server mode interfaces is not tracked properly.
+        // So we do not get any state change when disabling ethernet.
+        setEthernetEnabled(false)
+        listener.assertNoCallback()
+
+        // When ethernet is disabled, change interface mode will not bring the interface up.
+        releaseTetheredInterface()
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        // When ethernet is re-enabled, interface will be brought up.
+        setEthernetEnabled(true)
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testGetInterfaceList_disableEnableEthernet() {
+        // Test that interface list can be obtained when ethernet is disabled.
+        setEthernetEnabled(false)
+        // Create two test interfaces and check the return list contains the interface names.
+        val iface1 = createInterface()
+        val iface2 = createInterface()
+        var ifaces = em.getInterfaceList()
+        assertThat(ifaces).containsAtLeast(iface1.name, iface2.name)
+
+        // Remove one existing test interface and check the return list doesn't contain the
+        // removed interface name.
+        removeInterface(iface1)
+        ifaces = em.getInterfaceList()
+        assertThat(ifaces).doesNotContain(iface1.name)
+        assertThat(ifaces).contains(iface2.name)
+
+        removeInterface(iface2)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
index 890c071..f2c6d33 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTunnelTest.java
@@ -1874,4 +1874,45 @@
                 },
                 false /* enableEncrypt */);
     }
+
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateWhenMultipleTunnelsExist() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
+        assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelMigrateFeature());
+
+        final int spi = getRandomSpi(LOCAL_OUTER_6, REMOTE_OUTER_6);
+
+        // Create tunnelIfaceFoo and tunnelIfaceBar. Verify tunnelIfaceBar migration will not throw
+        try (IpSecManager.IpSecTunnelInterface tunnelIfaceFoo =
+                mISM.createIpSecTunnelInterface(
+                        LOCAL_OUTER_4, REMOTE_OUTER_4, sTunWrapper.network)) {
+
+            buildTunnelNetworkAndRunTestsSimple(
+                    spi,
+                    (ipsecNetwork,
+                            tunnelIfaceBar,
+                            tunUtils,
+                            inTunnelTransform,
+                            outTunnelTransform,
+                            localOuter,
+                            remoteOuter,
+                            seqNum) -> {
+                        tunnelIfaceBar.setUnderlyingNetwork(sTunWrapperNew.network);
+
+                        mISM.startTunnelModeTransformMigration(
+                                inTunnelTransform, REMOTE_OUTER_6_NEW, LOCAL_OUTER_6_NEW);
+                        mISM.startTunnelModeTransformMigration(
+                                outTunnelTransform, LOCAL_OUTER_6_NEW, REMOTE_OUTER_6_NEW);
+
+                        mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                                tunnelIfaceBar, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN, inTunnelTransform);
+                        mISM.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                                tunnelIfaceBar, IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT, outTunnelTransform);
+
+                        return 0 /* not used */;
+                    },
+                    true /* enableEncrypt */);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
index 2c7d5c6..c67443e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MultinetworkApiTest.java
@@ -39,10 +39,13 @@
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule;
 
@@ -51,6 +54,8 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 @DevSdkIgnoreRunner.RestoreDefaultNetwork
@@ -70,13 +75,34 @@
     private static final String TAG = "MultinetworkNativeApiTest";
     static final String GOOGLE_PRIVATE_DNS_SERVER = "dns.google";
 
+    public static class QueryTestResult {
+        public final int sourcePort;
+        public final int attempts;
+        public final int errNo;
+
+        public QueryTestResult(int sourcePort, int attempts, int errNo) {
+            this.sourcePort = sourcePort;
+            this.attempts = attempts;
+            this.errNo = errNo;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "QueryTestResult{"
+                    + "sourcePort=" + sourcePort
+                    + ", attempts=" + attempts
+                    + ", errNo=" + errNo
+                    + '}';
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * @return 0 on success
      */
     private static native int runGetaddrinfoCheck(long networkHandle);
     private static native int runSetprocnetwork(long networkHandle);
     private static native int runSetsocknetwork(long networkHandle);
-    private static native int runDatagramCheck(long networkHandle);
+    private static native QueryTestResult runDatagramCheck(long networkHandle, int sourcePort);
     private static native void runResNapiMalformedCheck(long networkHandle);
     private static native void runResNcancelCheck(long networkHandle);
     private static native void runResNqueryCheck(long networkHandle);
@@ -165,14 +191,69 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void runNativeDatagramTransmissionDiagnostics(Network network,
+            QueryTestResult failedResult) {
+        final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector collector = ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector
+                .getInstance();
+        if (collector == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Missing ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector, not adding diagnostics");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int numReruns = 10;
+        final ArrayList<QueryTestResult> reruns = new ArrayList<>(numReruns);
+        for (int i = 0; i < numReruns; i++) {
+            final QueryTestResult rerunResult =
+                    runDatagramCheck(network.getNetworkHandle(), 0 /* sourcePort */);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Rerun result " + i + ": " + rerunResult);
+            reruns.add(rerunResult);
+        }
+        // Rerun on the original port after trying the other ports, to check that the results are
+        // consistent, as opposed to the network recovering halfway through.
+        int originalPortFailedReruns = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < numReruns; i++) {
+            final QueryTestResult originalPortRerun = runDatagramCheck(network.getNetworkHandle(),
+                    failedResult.sourcePort);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Rerun result " + i + " with original port: " + originalPortRerun);
+            if (originalPortRerun.errNo != 0) {
+                originalPortFailedReruns++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final int noRetrySuccessResults = reruns.stream()
+                .filter(result -> result.errNo == 0 && result.attempts == 1)
+                .mapToInt(result -> 1)
+                .sum();
+        final int failedResults = reruns.stream()
+                .filter(result -> result.errNo != 0)
+                .mapToInt(result -> 1)
+                .sum();
+        collector.addFailureAttribute("numReruns", numReruns);
+        collector.addFailureAttribute("noRetrySuccessReruns", noRetrySuccessResults);
+        collector.addFailureAttribute("failedReruns", failedResults);
+        collector.addFailureAttribute("originalPortFailedReruns", originalPortFailedReruns);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testNativeDatagramTransmission() throws Exception {
         for (Network network : getTestableNetworks()) {
-            int errno = runDatagramCheck(network.getNetworkHandle());
-            if (errno != 0) {
-                throw new ErrnoException(
-                        "DatagramCheck on " + mCM.getNetworkInfo(network), -errno);
+            final QueryTestResult result = runDatagramCheck(network.getNetworkHandle(),
+                    0 /* sourcePort */);
+            if (result.errNo == 0) {
+                continue;
             }
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+            final int[] transports = nc != null ? nc.getTransportTypes() : null;
+            if (CollectionUtils.contains(transports, TRANSPORT_WIFI)) {
+                runNativeDatagramTransmissionDiagnostics(network, result);
+            }
+
+            // Log the whole result (with source port and attempts) to logcat, but use only the
+            // errno and transport in the fail message so similar failures have consistent messages
+            final String error = "DatagramCheck on transport " + Arrays.toString(transports)
+                    + " failed: " + result.errNo;
+            Log.e(TAG, error + ", result: " + result);
+            fail(error);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index 60081d4..815c3a5 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -83,13 +83,17 @@
 import android.os.ConditionVariable
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
 import android.os.Message
 import android.os.PersistableBundle
 import android.os.Process
 import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.system.Os
+import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
 import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
@@ -105,6 +109,10 @@
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.UiccUtil
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_HEADER_LEN
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
@@ -115,6 +123,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Losing
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAddKeepalivePacketFilter
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnAutomaticReconnectDisabled
@@ -133,6 +142,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
 import java.io.Closeable
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.net.DatagramSocket
@@ -140,10 +150,13 @@
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.net.Socket
 import java.security.MessageDigest
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 import java.time.Duration
 import java.util.Arrays
+import java.util.Random
 import java.util.UUID
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors
+import kotlin.collections.ArrayList
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
@@ -188,6 +201,11 @@
     it.obj = obj
 }
 
+private val LINK_ADDRESS = LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64")
+private val REMOTE_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")
+private val PREFIX = IpPrefix("2001:db8::/64")
+private val NEXTHOP = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("fe80::abcd")
+
 // On T and below, the native network is only created when the agent connects.
 // Starting in U, the native network was to be created as soon as the agent is registered,
 // but this has been flagged off for now pending resolution of race conditions.
@@ -321,6 +339,15 @@
         if (transports.size > 0) removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
     }
 
+    private fun makeTestLinkProperties(ifName: String): LinkProperties {
+        return LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = ifName
+            addLinkAddress(LINK_ADDRESS)
+            addRoute(RouteInfo(PREFIX, null /* nextHop */, ifName))
+            addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("::/0"), NEXTHOP, ifName))
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun createNetworkAgent(
         context: Context = realContext,
         specifier: String? = null,
@@ -341,6 +368,7 @@
 
     private fun createConnectedNetworkAgent(
         context: Context = realContext,
+        lp: LinkProperties? = null,
         specifier: String? = UUID.randomUUID().toString(),
         initialConfig: NetworkAgentConfig? = null,
         expectedInitSignalStrengthThresholds: IntArray = intArrayOf(),
@@ -350,7 +378,8 @@
         // Ensure this NetworkAgent is never unneeded by filing a request with its specifier.
         requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(specifier), callback)
         val nc = makeTestNetworkCapabilities(specifier, transports)
-        val agent = createNetworkAgent(context, initialConfig = initialConfig, initialNc = nc)
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(context, initialConfig = initialConfig, initialLp = lp,
+            initialNc = nc)
         agent.setTeardownDelayMillis(0)
         // Connect the agent and verify initial status callbacks.
         agent.register()
@@ -361,8 +390,9 @@
         return agent to callback
     }
 
-    private fun connectNetwork(vararg transports: Int): Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, Network> {
-        val (agent, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(transports = transports)
+    private fun connectNetwork(vararg transports: Int, lp: LinkProperties? = null):
+            Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, Network> {
+        val (agent, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(transports = transports, lp = lp)
         val network = agent.network!!
         // createConnectedNetworkAgent internally files a request; release it so that the network
         // will be torn down if unneeded.
@@ -382,8 +412,9 @@
         assertNoCallback()
     }
 
-    private fun createTunInterface(): TestNetworkInterface = realContext.getSystemService(
-                TestNetworkManager::class.java)!!.createTunInterface(emptyList()).also {
+    private fun createTunInterface(addrs: Collection<LinkAddress> = emptyList()):
+            TestNetworkInterface = realContext.getSystemService(
+                TestNetworkManager::class.java)!!.createTunInterface(addrs).also {
             ifacesToCleanUp.add(it)
     }
 
@@ -1501,15 +1532,75 @@
 
     private fun createEpsAttributes(qci: Int = 1): EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes {
         val remoteAddresses = ArrayList<InetSocketAddress>()
-        remoteAddresses.add(InetSocketAddress("2001:db8::123", 80))
+        remoteAddresses.add(InetSocketAddress(REMOTE_ADDRESS, 80))
         return EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes(
                 qci, 2, 3, 4, 5,
                 remoteAddresses
         )
     }
 
+    fun sendAndExpectUdpPacket(net: Network,
+                               reader: PollPacketReader, iface: TestNetworkInterface) {
+        val s = Os.socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
+        net.bindSocket(s)
+        val content = ByteArray(16)
+        Random().nextBytes(content)
+        Os.sendto(s, ByteBuffer.wrap(content), 0, REMOTE_ADDRESS, 7 /* port */)
+        val match = reader.poll(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+            val udpStart = IPV6_HEADER_LEN + UDP_HEADER_LEN
+            it.size == udpStart + content.size &&
+                    it[0].toInt() and 0xf0 == 0x60 &&
+                    it[IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET].toInt() == IPPROTO_UDP &&
+                    Arrays.equals(content, it.copyOfRange(udpStart, udpStart + content.size))
+        }
+        assertNotNull(match, "Did not receive matching packet on ${iface.interfaceName} " +
+                " after ${DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS}ms")
+    }
+
+    fun createInterfaceAndReader(): Triple<TestNetworkInterface, PollPacketReader, LinkProperties> {
+        val iface = createTunInterface(listOf(LINK_ADDRESS))
+        val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+        val reader = PollPacketReader(handler, iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, ETHER_MTU)
+        reader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handler.waitForIdle(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val ifName = iface.interfaceName
+        val lp = makeTestLinkProperties(ifName)
+        return Triple(iface, reader, lp)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterAfterUnregister() {
+        val (iface, reader, lp) = createInterfaceAndReader()
+
+        // File a request that matches and keeps up the best-scoring test network.
+        val testCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(), testCallback)
+
+        // Register and unregister networkagents in a loop, checking that every time an agent
+        // connects, the native network is correctly configured and packets can be sent.
+        // Running 10 iterations takes about 1 second on x86 cuttlefish, and detects the race in
+        // b/286649301 most of the time.
+        for (i in 1..10) {
+            val agent1 = createNetworkAgent(realContext, initialLp = lp)
+            agent1.register()
+            agent1.unregister()
+
+            val agent2 = createNetworkAgent(realContext, initialLp = lp)
+            agent2.register()
+            agent2.markConnected()
+            val network2 = agent2.network!!
+
+            testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network2)
+            sendAndExpectUdpPacket(network2, reader, iface)
+            agent2.unregister()
+            testCallback.expect<Lost>(network2)
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testUnregisterAfterReplacement() {
+        val (iface, reader, lp) = createInterfaceAndReader()
+
         // Keeps an eye on all test networks.
         val matchAllCallback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
         registerNetworkCallback(makeTestNetworkRequest(), matchAllCallback)
@@ -1519,14 +1610,13 @@
         requestNetwork(makeTestNetworkRequest(), testCallback)
 
         // Connect the first network. This should satisfy the request.
-        val (agent1, network1) = connectNetwork()
+        val (agent1, network1) = connectNetwork(lp = lp)
         matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network1)
         testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network1)
-        // Check that network1 exists by binding a socket to it and getting no exceptions.
-        network1.bindSocket(DatagramSocket())
+        sendAndExpectUdpPacket(network1, reader, iface)
 
         // Connect a second agent. network1 is preferred because it was already registered, so
-        // testCallback will not see any events. agent2 is be torn down because it has no requests.
+        // testCallback will not see any events. agent2 is torn down because it has no requests.
         val (agent2, network2) = connectNetwork()
         matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network2)
         matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(network2)
@@ -1551,9 +1641,10 @@
         // as soon as it validates (until then, it is outscored by network1).
         // The fact that the first events seen by matchAllCallback is the connection of network3
         // implicitly ensures that no callbacks are sent since network1 was lost.
-        val (agent3, network3) = connectNetwork()
+        val (agent3, network3) = connectNetwork(lp = lp)
         matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network3)
         testCallback.expectAvailableDoubleValidatedCallbacks(network3)
+        sendAndExpectUdpPacket(network3, reader, iface)
 
         // As soon as the replacement arrives, network1 is disconnected.
         // Check that this happens before the replacement timeout (5 seconds) fires.
@@ -1573,6 +1664,7 @@
         matchAllCallback.expect<Losing>(network3)
         testCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(network4, validated = true)
         mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(agent4callback)
+        sendAndExpectUdpPacket(network3, reader, iface)
         agent3.unregisterAfterReplacement(5_000)
         agent3.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
         matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(network3, 1000L)
@@ -1588,9 +1680,10 @@
 
         // If a network that is awaiting replacement is unregistered, it disconnects immediately,
         // before the replacement timeout fires.
-        val (agent5, network5) = connectNetwork()
+        val (agent5, network5) = connectNetwork(lp = lp)
         matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network5)
         testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(network5)
+        sendAndExpectUdpPacket(network5, reader, iface)
         agent5.unregisterAfterReplacement(5_000 /* timeoutMillis */)
         agent5.unregister()
         matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(network5, 1000L /* timeoutMs */)
@@ -1637,7 +1730,7 @@
         matchAllCallback.assertNoCallback(200 /* timeoutMs */)
 
         // If wifi is replaced within the timeout, the device does not switch to cellular.
-        val (_, cellNetwork) = connectNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+        val (cellAgent, cellNetwork) = connectNetwork(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
         testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(cellNetwork)
         matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(cellNetwork)
 
@@ -1674,6 +1767,34 @@
         matchAllCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(newWifiNetwork)
         matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(wifiNetwork)
         wifiAgent.expectCallback<OnNetworkUnwanted>()
+        testCallback.expect<CapabilitiesChanged>(newWifiNetwork)
+
+        cellAgent.unregister()
+        matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(cellNetwork)
+        newWifiAgent.unregister()
+        matchAllCallback.expect<Lost>(newWifiNetwork)
+        testCallback.expect<Lost>(newWifiNetwork)
+
+        // Calling unregisterAfterReplacement several times in quick succession works.
+        // These networks are all kept up by testCallback.
+        val agent10 = createNetworkAgent(realContext, initialLp = lp)
+        agent10.register()
+        agent10.unregisterAfterReplacement(5_000)
+
+        val agent11 = createNetworkAgent(realContext, initialLp = lp)
+        agent11.register()
+        agent11.unregisterAfterReplacement(5_000)
+
+        val agent12 = createNetworkAgent(realContext, initialLp = lp)
+        agent12.register()
+        agent12.unregisterAfterReplacement(5_000)
+
+        val agent13 = createNetworkAgent(realContext, initialLp = lp)
+        agent13.register()
+        agent13.markConnected()
+        testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent13.network!!)
+        sendAndExpectUdpPacket(agent13.network!!, reader, iface)
+        agent13.unregister()
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1706,14 +1827,7 @@
                 it.underlyingNetworks = listOf()
             }
         }
-        val lp = LinkProperties().apply {
-            interfaceName = ifName
-            addLinkAddress(LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"))
-            addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("2001:db8::/64"), null /* nextHop */, ifName))
-            addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("::/0"),
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("fe80::abcd"),
-                    ifName))
-        }
+        val lp = makeTestLinkProperties(ifName)
 
         // File a request containing the agent's specifier to receive callbacks and to ensure that
         // the agent is not torn down due to being unneeded.
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
index ff10e1a..1ca5a77 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@
         verifyNoCapabilities(builder.build());
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    @Test
     public void testTemporarilyNotMeteredCapability() {
         assertTrue(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED).build()
@@ -157,7 +159,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testSpecifier() {
         assertNull(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build().getNetworkSpecifier());
         final WifiNetworkSpecifier specifier = new WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
@@ -192,7 +193,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testRequestorPackageName() {
         assertNull(new NetworkRequest.Builder().build().getRequestorPackageName());
         final String pkgName = "android.net.test";
@@ -216,7 +216,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testCanBeSatisfiedBy() {
         final LocalNetworkSpecifier specifier1 = new LocalNetworkSpecifier(1234 /* id */);
         final LocalNetworkSpecifier specifier2 = new LocalNetworkSpecifier(5678 /* id */);
@@ -284,7 +283,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     public void testInvariantInCanBeSatisfiedBy() {
         // Test invariant that result of NetworkRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy() should be the same with
         // NetworkCapabilities.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities().
@@ -388,7 +386,7 @@
                 otherUidsRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(ncWithOtherUid));
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    @Test
     public void testRequestorUid() {
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
         // Verify default value is INVALID_UID
@@ -558,4 +556,43 @@
                 .setBssidPattern(ARBITRARY_ADDRESS, ARBITRARY_ADDRESS)
                 .build();
     }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testNetworkReservation() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        final NetworkCapabilities blanketOffer = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        blanketOffer.setReservationId(NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS);
+        final NetworkCapabilities specificOffer = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        specificOffer.setReservationId(42);
+        final NetworkCapabilities otherSpecificOffer = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+        otherSpecificOffer.setReservationId(43);
+        final NetworkCapabilities regularOffer = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+
+        final NetworkRequest reservationNR = new NetworkRequest(new NetworkCapabilities(nc),
+                TYPE_NONE, 42 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION);
+        final NetworkRequest requestNR = new NetworkRequest(new NetworkCapabilities(nc),
+                TYPE_NONE, 42 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST);
+
+        assertTrue(reservationNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(blanketOffer));
+        assertTrue(reservationNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(specificOffer));
+        assertFalse(reservationNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(otherSpecificOffer));
+        assertFalse(reservationNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(regularOffer));
+
+        assertFalse(requestNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(blanketOffer));
+        assertTrue(requestNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(specificOffer));
+        assertTrue(requestNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(otherSpecificOffer));
+        assertTrue(requestNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(regularOffer));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testNetworkRequest_throwsWhenPassingCapsWithReservationId() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities capsWithResId = new NetworkCapabilities();
+        capsWithResId.setReservationId(42);
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            new NetworkRequest(capsWithResId, TYPE_NONE, 42 /* rId */, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST);
+        });
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
index 1a48983..65daf57 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
@@ -19,28 +19,28 @@
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.net.connectivity.android.net.netstats.StatsResult;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -48,37 +48,20 @@
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2) // Mainline NetworkStats starts from T.
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 public class NetworkStatsBinderTest {
-    // NOTE: These are shamelessly copied from TrafficStats.
-    private static final int TYPE_RX_BYTES = 0;
-    private static final int TYPE_RX_PACKETS = 1;
-    private static final int TYPE_TX_BYTES = 2;
-    private static final int TYPE_TX_PACKETS = 3;
-
-    @Rule
-    public DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule(
-            Build.VERSION_CODES.Q /* ignoreClassUpTo */);
-
-    private final SparseArray<Function<Integer, Long>> mUidStatsQueryOpArray = new SparseArray<>();
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_RX_BYTES, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid));
-        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_RX_PACKETS, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(uid));
-        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_TX_BYTES, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid));
-        mUidStatsQueryOpArray.put(TYPE_TX_PACKETS, uid -> TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(uid));
-    }
-
-    private long getUidStatsFromBinder(int uid, int type) throws Exception {
-        Method getServiceMethod = Class.forName("android.os.ServiceManager")
+    @Nullable
+    private StatsResult getUidStatsFromBinder(int uid) throws Exception {
+        final Method getServiceMethod = Class.forName("android.os.ServiceManager")
                 .getDeclaredMethod("getService", new Class[]{String.class});
-        IBinder binder = (IBinder) getServiceMethod.invoke(null, Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE);
-        INetworkStatsService nss = INetworkStatsService.Stub.asInterface(binder);
-        return nss.getUidStats(uid, type);
+        final IBinder binder = (IBinder) getServiceMethod.invoke(
+                null, Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE);
+        final INetworkStatsService nss = INetworkStatsService.Stub.asInterface(binder);
+        return nss.getUidStats(uid);
     }
 
     private int getFirstAppUidThat(@NonNull Predicate<Integer> predicate) {
@@ -108,38 +91,34 @@
         if (notMyUid != INVALID_UID) testUidList.add(notMyUid);
 
         for (final int uid : testUidList) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < mUidStatsQueryOpArray.size(); i++) {
-                final int type = mUidStatsQueryOpArray.keyAt(i);
-                try {
-                    final long uidStatsFromBinder = getUidStatsFromBinder(uid, type);
-                    final long uidTrafficStats = mUidStatsQueryOpArray.get(type).apply(uid);
+            try {
+                final StatsResult uidStatsFromBinder = getUidStatsFromBinder(uid);
 
-                    // Verify that UNSUPPORTED is returned if the uid is not current app uid.
-                    if (uid != myUid) {
-                        assertEquals(uidStatsFromBinder, TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED);
-                    }
+                if (uid != myUid) {
+                    // Verify that null is returned if the uid is not current app uid.
+                    assertNull(uidStatsFromBinder);
+                } else {
                     // Verify that returned result is the same with the result get from
                     // TrafficStats.
-                    // TODO: If the test is flaky then it should instead assert that the values
-                    //  are approximately similar.
-                    assertEquals("uidStats is not matched for query type " + type
-                                    + ", uid=" + uid + ", myUid=" + myUid, uidTrafficStats,
-                            uidStatsFromBinder);
-                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
-                    /* Java language access prevents exploitation. */
-                    return;
-                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
-                    /* Underlying method has been changed. */
-                    return;
-                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-                    /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
-                    return;
-                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
-                    /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
-                    return;
-                } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    return;
+                    assertEquals(uidStatsFromBinder.rxBytes, TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid));
+                    assertEquals(uidStatsFromBinder.rxPackets, TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(uid));
+                    assertEquals(uidStatsFromBinder.txBytes, TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid));
+                    assertEquals(uidStatsFromBinder.txPackets, TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(uid));
                 }
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+                /* Java language access prevents exploitation. */
+                return;
+            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+                /* Underlying method has been changed. */
+                return;
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
+                return;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | NoSuchMethodError e) {
+                /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
+                return;
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                return;
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
index b433cd9..15f6869 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector;
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
@@ -115,8 +117,8 @@
 
 
     private static final String LOG_TAG = "NetworkStatsManagerTest";
-    private static final String APPOPS_SET_SHELL_COMMAND = "appops set {0} {1} {2}";
-    private static final String APPOPS_GET_SHELL_COMMAND = "appops get {0} {1}";
+    private static final String APPOPS_SET_SHELL_COMMAND = "appops set --user {0} {1} {2} {3}";
+    private static final String APPOPS_GET_SHELL_COMMAND = "appops get --user {0} {1} {2}";
 
     private static final long MINUTE = 1000 * 60;
     private static final int TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 15000;
@@ -331,12 +333,14 @@
     }
 
     private void setAppOpsMode(String appop, String mode) throws Exception {
-        final String command = MessageFormat.format(APPOPS_SET_SHELL_COMMAND, mPkg, appop, mode);
+        final String command = MessageFormat.format(APPOPS_SET_SHELL_COMMAND,
+                UserHandle.myUserId(), mPkg, appop, mode);
         SystemUtil.runShellCommand(mInstrumentation, command);
     }
 
     private String getAppOpsMode(String appop) throws Exception {
-        final String command = MessageFormat.format(APPOPS_GET_SHELL_COMMAND, mPkg, appop);
+        final String command = MessageFormat.format(APPOPS_GET_SHELL_COMMAND,
+                UserHandle.myUserId(), mPkg, appop);
         String result = SystemUtil.runShellCommand(mInstrumentation, command);
         if (result == null) {
             Log.w(LOG_TAG, "App op " + appop + " could not be read.");
@@ -778,6 +782,7 @@
                 maxUnexpected, tagToString(expectedTag), stateToString(expectedState)));
     }
 
+    @ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.CollectTcpdumpOnFailure
     @Test
     public void testUidTagStateDetails() throws Exception {
         for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTest.kt
index f9acb66..aad072c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTest.kt
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DhcpClientPacketFilter
 import com.android.testutils.DhcpOptionFilter
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
     private val ethRequestCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
 
     private lateinit var iface: TestNetworkInterface
-    private lateinit var reader: TapPacketReader
+    private lateinit var reader: PollPacketReader
     private lateinit var capportUrl: Uri
 
     private var testSkipped = false
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
         iface = testInterfaceRule.createTapInterface()
 
         handlerThread.start()
-        reader = TapPacketReader(
+        reader = PollPacketReader(
                 handlerThread.threadHandler,
                 iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
                 MAX_PACKET_LENGTH)
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
                     TEST_MTU, false /* rapidCommit */, capportUrl.toString())
 }
 
-private fun <T : DhcpPacket> TapPacketReader.assertDhcpPacketReceived(
+private fun <T : DhcpPacket> PollPacketReader.assertDhcpPacketReceived(
     packetType: Class<T>,
     timeoutMs: Long,
     type: Byte
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTestUtil.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTestUtil.kt
index a0b40aa..d3d4f4d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTestUtil.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkValidationTestUtil.kt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.net.cts
 
 import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG
+import android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@
      * Clear the test network validation URLs.
      */
     @JvmStatic fun clearValidationTestUrlsDeviceConfig() {
-        runAsShell(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
+        runAsShell(WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG, WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG) {
             DeviceConfig.setProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
                     NetworkStackConstants.TEST_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_HTTPS_URL, null, false)
             DeviceConfig.setProperty(NAMESPACE_CONNECTIVITY,
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
index 24af42b..1973899 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
             assertEquals(downstreamIface.name, iface)
             val request = TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build()
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(
                 iface, request,
                 null /* any upstream */
             ).apply {
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
             val request = TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build()
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(
                 iface, request,
                 null /* any upstream */
             ).apply {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index c71d925..7fc8863 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.UnregisterCallbackSucceeded
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestDnsPacket
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
@@ -326,6 +326,15 @@
         it.port = TEST_PORT
     }
 
+    private fun makePacketReader(network: TestTapNetwork = testNetwork1) = PollPacketReader(
+            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+            network.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
+            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
+    ).also {
+        it.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+    }
+
     @After
     fun tearDown() {
         runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
@@ -1298,14 +1307,7 @@
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
 
         val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
-
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
@@ -1345,13 +1347,7 @@
                     parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::3"))
         }
 
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
@@ -1391,13 +1387,7 @@
             hostname = customHostname
         }
 
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
@@ -1438,13 +1428,7 @@
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
         val registeredService = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         tryTest {
             assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
@@ -1518,13 +1502,7 @@
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
         val registeredService = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-                Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         tryTest {
             assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
@@ -1587,13 +1565,7 @@
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
         val registeredService = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         tryTest {
             assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
@@ -1630,13 +1602,7 @@
     fun testDiscoveryWithPtrOnlyResponse_ServiceIsFound() {
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         nsdManager.discoverServices(
             serviceType,
@@ -1675,9 +1641,12 @@
                 assertEmpty(it.hostAddresses)
                 assertEquals(0, it.attributes.size)
             }
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
             discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -1688,79 +1657,77 @@
     fun testResolveWhenServerSendsNoAdditionalRecord() {
         // Resolve service on testNetwork1
         val resolveRecord = NsdResolveRecord()
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
         val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
         nsdManager.resolveService(si, { it.run() }, resolveRecord)
 
-        val serviceFullName = "$serviceName.$serviceType.local"
-        // The query should ask for ANY, since both SRV and TXT are requested. Note legacy
-        // mdnsresponder will ask for SRV and TXT separately, and will not proceed to asking for
-        // address records without an answer for both.
-        val srvTxtQuery = packetReader.pollForQuery(serviceFullName, DnsResolver.TYPE_ANY)
-        assertNotNull(srvTxtQuery)
+        tryTest {
+            val serviceFullName = "$serviceName.$serviceType.local"
+            // The query should ask for ANY, since both SRV and TXT are requested. Note legacy
+            // mdnsresponder will ask for SRV and TXT separately, and will not proceed to asking for
+            // address records without an answer for both.
+            val srvTxtQuery = packetReader.pollForQuery(serviceFullName, DnsResolver.TYPE_ANY)
+            assertNotNull(srvTxtQuery)
 
-        /*
-        Generated with:
-        scapy.raw(scapy.dns_compress(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=1, aa=1, qd = None, an =
-            scapy.DNSRRSRV(rrname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local',
-                rclass=0x8001, port=31234, target='testhost.local', ttl=120) /
-            scapy.DNSRR(rrname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local', type='TXT', ttl=120,
-                rdata='testkey=testvalue')
-        ))).hex()
-         */
-        val srvTxtResponsePayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
-            "000084000000000200000000104" +
-                "e7364546573743132333435363738390d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f6" +
-                "3616c0000218001000000780011000000007a020874657374686f7374c030c00c00100001000" +
-                "00078001211746573746b65793d7465737476616c7565"
-        )
-        replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(srvTxtResponsePayload)
-        packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(srvTxtResponsePayload))
+            /*
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.dns_compress(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=1, aa=1, qd = None, an =
+                scapy.DNSRRSRV(rrname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local',
+                    rclass=0x8001, port=31234, target='testhost.local', ttl=120) /
+                scapy.DNSRR(rrname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local', type='TXT', ttl=120,
+                    rdata='testkey=testvalue')
+            ))).hex()
+             */
+            val srvTxtResponsePayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                    "000084000000000200000000104" +
+                            "e7364546573743132333435363738390d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f7463" +
+                            "70056c6f63616c0000218001000000780011000000007a020874657374686f7374c" +
+                            "030c00c0010000100000078001211746573746b65793d7465737476616c7565"
+            )
+            replaceServiceNameAndTypeWithTestSuffix(srvTxtResponsePayload)
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(srvTxtResponsePayload))
 
-        val testHostname = "testhost.local"
-        val addressQuery = packetReader.pollForQuery(
-            testHostname,
-            DnsResolver.TYPE_A,
-            DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA
-        )
-        assertNotNull(addressQuery)
+            val testHostname = "testhost.local"
+            val addressQuery = packetReader.pollForQuery(
+                    testHostname,
+                    DnsResolver.TYPE_A,
+                    DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA
+            )
+            assertNotNull(addressQuery)
 
-        /*
-        Generated with:
-        scapy.raw(scapy.dns_compress(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=1, aa=1, qd = None, an =
-            scapy.DNSRR(rrname='testhost.local', type='A', ttl=120,
-                rdata='192.0.2.123') /
-            scapy.DNSRR(rrname='testhost.local', type='AAAA', ttl=120,
-                rdata='2001:db8::123')
-        ))).hex()
-         */
-        val addressPayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
-            "0000840000000002000000000874657374" +
-                "686f7374056c6f63616c0000010001000000780004c000027bc00c001c000100000078001020" +
-                "010db8000000000000000000000123"
-        )
-        packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(addressPayload))
+            /*
+            Generated with:
+            scapy.raw(scapy.dns_compress(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=1, aa=1, qd = None, an =
+                scapy.DNSRR(rrname='testhost.local', type='A', ttl=120,
+                    rdata='192.0.2.123') /
+                scapy.DNSRR(rrname='testhost.local', type='AAAA', ttl=120,
+                    rdata='2001:db8::123')
+            ))).hex()
+             */
+            val addressPayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(
+                    "0000840000000002000000000874657374" +
+                            "686f7374056c6f63616c0000010001000000780004c000027bc00c001c000100000" +
+                            "078001020010db8000000000000000000000123"
+            )
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildMdnsPacket(addressPayload))
 
-        val serviceResolved = resolveRecord.expectCallback<ServiceResolved>()
-        serviceResolved.serviceInfo.let {
-            assertEquals(serviceName, it.serviceName)
-            assertEquals(".$serviceType", it.serviceType)
-            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, it.network)
-            assertEquals(31234, it.port)
-            assertEquals(1, it.attributes.size)
-            assertArrayEquals("testvalue".encodeToByteArray(), it.attributes["testkey"])
+            val serviceResolved = resolveRecord.expectCallback<ServiceResolved>()
+            serviceResolved.serviceInfo.let {
+                assertEquals(serviceName, it.serviceName)
+                assertEquals(".$serviceType", it.serviceType)
+                assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, it.network)
+                assertEquals(31234, it.port)
+                assertEquals(1, it.attributes.size)
+                assertArrayEquals("testvalue".encodeToByteArray(), it.attributes["testkey"])
+            }
+            assertEquals(
+                    setOf(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")),
+                    serviceResolved.serviceInfo.hostAddresses.toSet()
+            )
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
-        assertEquals(
-                setOf(parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.123"), parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123")),
-                serviceResolved.serviceInfo.hostAddresses.toSet()
-        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1774,13 +1741,9 @@
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         var nsResponder: NSResponder? = null
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
         tryTest {
             registerService(registrationRecord, si)
-            val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
-            packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-
-            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
             /*
             Send a "query unicast" query.
             Generated with:
@@ -1805,10 +1768,13 @@
                         pkt.dstAddr == testSrcAddr
             }
             assertNotNull(reply)
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsResponder?.stop()
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
             registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -1824,13 +1790,9 @@
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         var nsResponder: NSResponder? = null
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
         tryTest {
             registerService(registrationRecord, si)
-            val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                    testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
-            packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-
-            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
             /*
             Send a query with a known answer. Expect to receive a response containing TXT record
             only.
@@ -1895,10 +1857,13 @@
                         pkt.dstAddr == testSrcAddr
             }
             assertNotNull(reply2)
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsResponder?.stop()
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
             registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -1914,13 +1879,9 @@
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         var nsResponder: NSResponder? = null
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
         tryTest {
             registerService(registrationRecord, si)
-            val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                    testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
-            packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-
-            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
             /*
             Send a query with truncated bit set.
             Generated with:
@@ -1976,10 +1937,13 @@
                         pkt.dstAddr == testSrcAddr
             }
             assertNotNull(reply)
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsResponder?.stop()
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
             registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -1991,13 +1955,7 @@
 
         // Register service on testNetwork1
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         nsdManager.discoverServices(
             serviceType,
@@ -2043,9 +2001,12 @@
                         pkt.isReplyFor("$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR)
             }
             assertNotNull(query)
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
             discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -2355,14 +2316,7 @@
             it.port = TEST_PORT
             it.publicKey = publicKey
         }
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
         tryTest {
@@ -2394,8 +2348,11 @@
             nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
 
             discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -2410,14 +2367,7 @@
                     parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"))
             it.publicKey = publicKey
         }
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
         val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         tryTest {
             registerService(registrationRecord, si)
@@ -2439,8 +2389,11 @@
                         it.nsType == DnsResolver.TYPE_A
             }
             assertEquals(3, addressRecords.size)
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -2467,14 +2420,7 @@
             it.hostAddresses = listOf()
             it.publicKey = publicKey
         }
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-            testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
         val registrationRecord1 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
         tryTest {
@@ -2508,9 +2454,12 @@
             assertTrue(keyRecords.any { it.dName == "$customHostname.local" })
             assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.ttl == NAME_RECORDS_TTL_MILLIS })
             assertTrue(keyRecords.all { it.rr.contentEquals(publicKey) })
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord1)
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
@@ -2582,13 +2531,7 @@
             "test_nsd_avoid_advertising_empty_txt_records",
             "1"
         )
-        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(
-            Handler(handlerThread.looper),
-            testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor,
-            1500 /* maxPacketSize */
-        )
-        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
-        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
 
         // Test behavior described in RFC6763 6.1: empty TXT records are not allowed, but TXT
         // records with a zero length string are equivalent.
@@ -2607,12 +2550,85 @@
             assertEquals(1, txtRecords.size)
             // The TXT record should contain as single zero
             assertContentEquals(byteArrayOf(0), txtRecords[0].rr)
-        } cleanup {
+        } cleanupStep {
             nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
             registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
         }
     }
 
+    private fun verifyCachedServicesRemoval(isCachedServiceRemoved: Boolean) {
+        val si = makeTestServiceInfo(testNetwork1.network)
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+        // Register a discovery request.
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val packetReader = makePacketReader()
+
+        tryTest {
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(
+                    serviceType,
+                    NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                    testNetwork1.network,
+                    { it.run() },
+                    discoveryRecord
+            )
+
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+            val foundInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(
+                    serviceName, serviceType, testNetwork1.network)
+            assertEquals(testNetwork1.network, foundInfo.network)
+            // Verify that the service is not in the cache (a query is sent).
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForQuery(
+                    "$serviceType.local", DnsResolver.TYPE_PTR, timeoutMs = 0L))
+
+            // Stop discovery to trigger the cached services removal process.
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+
+            val serviceFullName = "$serviceName.$serviceType.local"
+            if (isCachedServiceRemoved) {
+                Thread.sleep(100L)
+                resolveService(foundInfo)
+                // Verify the resolution query will send because cached services are remove after
+                // exceeding the retention time.
+                assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForQuery(
+                        serviceFullName, DnsResolver.TYPE_ANY, timeoutMs = 0L))
+            } else {
+                resolveService(foundInfo)
+                // Verify the resolution query will not be sent because services are still cached.
+                assertNull(packetReader.pollForQuery(
+                        serviceFullName, DnsResolver.TYPE_ANY, timeoutMs = 0L))
+            }
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveCachedServices() {
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_cached_services_removal", "1")
+        verifyCachedServicesRemoval(isCachedServiceRemoved = false)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRemoveCachedServices_ShortRetentionTime() {
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(NAMESPACE_TETHERING, "test_nsd_cached_services_removal", "1")
+        deviceConfigRule.setConfig(
+                NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
+                "test_nsd_cached_services_retention_time",
+                "1"
+        )
+        verifyCachedServicesRemoval(isCachedServiceRemoved = true)
+    }
+
     private fun hasServiceTypeClientsForNetwork(clients: List<String>, network: Network): Boolean {
         return clients.any { client -> client.substring(
                 client.indexOf("network=") + "network=".length,
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
index 0dd2a23..173d13f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
@@ -145,7 +146,8 @@
         for (final String pkg : new String[] {"com.android.shell", mContext.getPackageName()}) {
             final String cmd =
                     String.format(
-                            "appops set %s %s %s",
+                            "appops set --user %d %s %s %s",
+                            UserHandle.myUserId(), // user id
                             pkg, // Package name
                             opName, // Appop
                             (allow ? "allow" : "deny")); // Action
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
index dffd9d5..243cd27 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsTetheringUtils.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringInterfaceRegexps;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
+import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager.SoftApCallback;
@@ -491,13 +492,29 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Starts Wi-Fi tethering.
+     */
     public TetheringInterface startWifiTethering(final TestTetheringEventCallback callback)
             throws InterruptedException {
+        return startWifiTethering(callback, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts Wi-Fi tethering with the specified SoftApConfiguration.
+     */
+    public TetheringInterface startWifiTethering(final TestTetheringEventCallback callback,
+            final SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration)
+            throws InterruptedException {
         final List<String> wifiRegexs = getWifiTetherableInterfaceRegexps(callback);
 
         final StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback();
-        final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
-                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+        TetheringRequest.Builder builder = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false);
+        if (softApConfiguration != null) {
+            builder.setSoftApConfiguration(softApConfiguration);
+        }
+        final TetheringRequest request = builder.build();
 
         return runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> {
             mTm.startTethering(request, c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/EthernetTestInterface.kt b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/EthernetTestInterface.kt
index 32d6899..20cfa1d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/EthernetTestInterface.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/EthernetTestInterface.kt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.util.Log
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
             assertNotNull(nif)
             return nif.mtu
         }
-    val packetReader = TapPacketReader(handler, testIface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, mtu)
+    val packetReader = PollPacketReader(handler, testIface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, mtu)
     private val listener = EthernetStateListener(name)
     private val em = context.getSystemService(EthernetManager::class.java)!!
     @Volatile private var cleanedUp = false
diff --git a/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp b/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp
index e0424ac..71d2b6e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/Android.bp
@@ -32,4 +32,7 @@
     ],
     host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
     sdk_version: "test_current",
+    data: [
+        ":ConnectivityTestPreparer",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/AndroidTest.xml
index ad9a731..13deb82 100644
--- a/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/netpermission/internetpermission/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user_on_secondary_display" />
     <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
index 689ce74..b324dc8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/Android.bp
@@ -36,5 +36,6 @@
         "cts",
         "general-tests",
     ],
+    data: [":ConnectivityTestPreparer"],
     host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/AndroidTest.xml
index fb6c814..82994c4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/netpermission/updatestatspermission/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="not_multi_abi" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user_on_secondary_display" />
     <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
index 1165018..d167836 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/Android.bp
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 
 java_defaults {
     name: "CtsTetheringTestDefaults",
-    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+    ],
 
     libs: [
         "android.test.base.stubs.system",
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@
 
     static_libs: [
         "TetheringCommonTests",
+        "com.android.net.flags-aconfig-java",
         "compatibility-device-util-axt",
         "cts-net-utils",
         "net-tests-utils",
@@ -94,14 +98,8 @@
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
-        "mts-dnsresolver",
-        "mts-networking",
         "mts-tethering",
-        "mts-wifi",
-        "mcts-dnsresolver",
-        "mcts-networking",
         "mcts-tethering",
-        "mcts-wifi",
         "general-tests",
     ],
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
index 1454d9a..5e94c06 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
@@ -17,21 +17,26 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsTetheringUtils.isAnyIfaceMatch;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiSsid;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
@@ -74,10 +80,12 @@
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.net.flags.Flags;
 import com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -90,6 +98,7 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
@@ -222,19 +231,23 @@
 
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testTetheringRequest() {
-        SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration;
+    private SoftApConfiguration createSoftApConfiguration(@NonNull String ssid) {
+        SoftApConfiguration config;
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            softApConfiguration = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
-                    .setWifiSsid(WifiSsid.fromBytes(
-                            "This is an SSID!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)))
+            config = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
+                    .setWifiSsid(WifiSsid.fromBytes(ssid.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)))
                     .build();
         } else {
-            softApConfiguration = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
-                    .setSsid("This is an SSID!")
+            config = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
+                    .setSsid(ssid)
                     .build();
         }
+        return config;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringRequest() {
+        SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration = createSoftApConfiguration("SSID");
         final TetheringRequest tr = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
                 .setSoftApConfiguration(softApConfiguration)
                 .build();
@@ -243,41 +256,70 @@
         assertNull(tr.getClientStaticIpv4Address());
         assertFalse(tr.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck());
         assertTrue(tr.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
+        assertEquals(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, tr.getConnectivityScope());
         assertEquals(softApConfiguration, tr.getSoftApConfiguration());
+        assertEquals(INVALID_UID, tr.getUid());
+        assertNull(tr.getPackageName());
+        assertEquals(tr.toString(), "TetheringRequest[ "
+                + "TETHERING_WIFI, "
+                + "showProvisioningUi, "
+                + "CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, "
+                + "softApConfig=" + softApConfiguration.toString()
+                + " ]");
 
         final LinkAddress localAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.5/24");
         final LinkAddress clientAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.100/24");
         final TetheringRequest tr2 = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_USB)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
-                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false)
+                .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL)
+                .build();
+        int uid = 1000;
+        String packageName = "package";
+        tr2.setUid(uid);
+        tr2.setPackageName(packageName);
 
         assertEquals(localAddr, tr2.getLocalIpv4Address());
         assertEquals(clientAddr, tr2.getClientStaticIpv4Address());
         assertEquals(TETHERING_USB, tr2.getTetheringType());
         assertTrue(tr2.isExemptFromEntitlementCheck());
         assertFalse(tr2.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
+        assertEquals(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL, tr2.getConnectivityScope());
+        assertNull(tr2.getSoftApConfiguration());
+        assertEquals(uid, tr2.getUid());
+        assertEquals(packageName, tr2.getPackageName());
+        assertEquals(tr2.toString(), "TetheringRequest[ "
+                + "TETHERING_USB, "
+                + "localIpv4Address=" + localAddr + ", "
+                + "staticClientAddress=" + clientAddr + ", "
+                + "exemptFromEntitlementCheck, "
+                + "CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL, "
+                + "uid=1000, "
+                + "packageName=package"
+                + " ]");
 
         final TetheringRequest tr3 = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_USB)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
-                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false)
+                .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL)
+                .build();
+        tr3.setUid(uid);
+        tr3.setPackageName(packageName);
         assertEquals(tr2, tr3);
+
+        final String interfaceName = "test_iface";
+        final TetheringRequest tr4 = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_VIRTUAL)
+                .setInterfaceName(interfaceName)
+                .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL).build();
+        assertEquals(interfaceName, tr4.getInterfaceName());
+        assertEquals(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, tr4.getConnectivityScope());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testTetheringRequestSetSoftApConfigurationFailsWhenNotWifi() {
-        final SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration;
-        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            softApConfiguration = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
-                    .setWifiSsid(WifiSsid.fromBytes(
-                            "This is an SSID!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)))
-                    .build();
-        } else {
-            softApConfiguration = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
-                    .setSsid("This is an SSID!")
-                    .build();
-        }
+        final SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration = createSoftApConfiguration("SSID");
         for (int type : List.of(TETHERING_USB, TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, TETHERING_WIFI_P2P,
                 TETHERING_NCM, TETHERING_ETHERNET)) {
             try {
@@ -290,33 +332,40 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testTetheringRequestParcelable() {
-        final SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration;
-        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            softApConfiguration = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
-                    .setWifiSsid(WifiSsid.fromBytes(
-                            "This is an SSID!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)))
-                    .build();
-        } else {
-            softApConfiguration = new SoftApConfiguration.Builder()
-                    .setSsid("This is an SSID!")
-                    .build();
+    public void testTetheringRequestSetInterfaceNameFailsExceptTetheringVirtual() {
+        for (int type : List.of(TETHERING_USB, TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, TETHERING_NCM,
+                TETHERING_ETHERNET)) {
+            try {
+                new TetheringRequest.Builder(type).setInterfaceName("test_iface");
+                fail("Was able to set interface name for tethering type " + type);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Success
+            }
         }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringRequestParcelable() {
+        final SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration = createSoftApConfiguration("SSID");
         final LinkAddress localAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.5/24");
         final LinkAddress clientAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.100/24");
-        final TetheringRequest withConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+        final TetheringRequest withApConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
                 .setSoftApConfiguration(softApConfiguration)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
-        final TetheringRequest withoutConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+        final TetheringRequest withoutApConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
-        assertEquals(withConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withConfig));
-        assertEquals(withoutConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutConfig));
-        assertNotEquals(withConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutConfig));
-        assertNotEquals(withoutConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withConfig));
+        assertEquals(withApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withApConfig));
+        assertEquals(withoutApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutApConfig));
+        assertNotEquals(withApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutApConfig));
+        assertNotEquals(withoutApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withApConfig));
+
+        final TetheringRequest withIfaceName = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_VIRTUAL)
+                .setInterfaceName("test_iface").build();
+        assertEquals(withIfaceName, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withIfaceName));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -328,10 +377,12 @@
             tetherEventCallback.assumeWifiTetheringSupported(mContext);
             tetherEventCallback.expectNoTetheringActive();
 
+            SoftApConfiguration softApConfig = createSoftApConfiguration("SSID");
             final TetheringInterface tetheredIface =
-                    mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
+                    mCtsTetheringUtils.startWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback, softApConfig);
 
             assertNotNull(tetheredIface);
+            assertEquals(softApConfig, tetheredIface.getSoftApConfiguration());
             final String wifiTetheringIface = tetheredIface.getInterface();
 
             mCtsTetheringUtils.stopWifiTethering(tetherEventCallback);
@@ -398,11 +449,40 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testEnableTetheringPermission() throws Exception {
+    public void testStopTetheringRequest() throws Exception {
+        TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build();
+        Executor executor = Runnable::run;
+        TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback callback =
+                new TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback() {};
+        try {
+            mTM.stopTethering(request, executor, callback);
+            fail("stopTethering should throw UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expect) { }
+    }
+
+    private boolean isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled() {
+        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM
+                && Flags.tetheringWithSoftApConfig();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartTetheringNoPermission() throws Exception {
         final StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback();
+
+        // No permission
         mTM.startTethering(new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build(),
                 c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
         startTetheringCallback.expectTetheringFailed(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+
+        // WRITE_SETTINGS not sufficient
+        if (isTetheringWithSoftApConfigEnabled()) {
+            runAsShell(WRITE_SETTINGS, () -> {
+                mTM.startTethering(new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build(),
+                        c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
+                startTetheringCallback.expectTetheringFailed(
+                        TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     private class EntitlementResultListener implements OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener {
diff --git a/tests/deflake/Android.bp b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
index 726e504..70a3655 100644
--- a/tests/deflake/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
         "kotlin-test",
         "net-host-tests-utils",
     ],
-    data: [":FrameworksNetTests"],
+    device_common_data: [":FrameworksNetTests"],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     // It will get build error if just set enabled to true. It fails with "windows_common"
     // depends on some disabled modules that are used by this test and it looks like set
diff --git a/tests/unit/Android.bp b/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 00f9d05..9edf9bd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
     ],
 }
 
-java_defaults {
-    name: "FrameworksNetTestsDefaults",
+android_library {
+    name: "ConnectivityUnitTestsLib",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
     defaults: [
         "framework-connectivity-internal-test-defaults",
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
         "java/**/*.java",
         "java/**/*.kt",
     ],
+    exclude_srcs: [":non-connectivity-module-test"],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.rules",
         "androidx.test.uiautomator_uiautomator",
@@ -110,18 +111,10 @@
         "ServiceConnectivityResources",
     ],
     exclude_kotlinc_generated_files: false,
-}
-
-android_library {
-    name: "FrameworksNetTestsLib",
-    defaults: [
-        "FrameworksNetTestsDefaults",
-    ],
-    exclude_srcs: [":non-connectivity-module-test"],
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__"],
 }
 
-genrule {
+java_genrule {
     name: "frameworks-net-tests-jarjar-rules",
     defaults: ["jarjar-rules-combine-defaults"],
     srcs: [
@@ -137,7 +130,7 @@
 java_genrule {
     name: "frameworks-net-tests-lib-jarjar-gen",
     tool_files: [
-        ":FrameworksNetTestsLib{.jar}",
+        ":ConnectivityUnitTestsLib{.jar}",
         "jarjar-excludes.txt",
     ],
     tools: [
@@ -145,7 +138,7 @@
     ],
     out: ["frameworks-net-tests-lib-jarjar-rules.txt"],
     cmd: "$(location jarjar-rules-generator) " +
-        "$(location :FrameworksNetTestsLib{.jar}) " +
+        "$(location :ConnectivityUnitTestsLib{.jar}) " +
         "--prefix android.net.connectivity " +
         "--excludes $(location jarjar-excludes.txt) " +
         "--output $(out)",
@@ -156,14 +149,25 @@
     name: "FrameworksNetTests",
     enabled: enable_frameworks_net_tests,
     defaults: [
-        "FrameworksNetTestsDefaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-internal-test-defaults",
         "FrameworksNetTests-jni-defaults",
     ],
     jarjar_rules: ":frameworks-net-tests-jarjar-rules",
+    srcs: [":non-connectivity-module-test"],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     static_libs: [
+        "frameworks-base-testutils",
         "services.core",
         "services.net",
+        "androidx.test.rules",
+        "framework-protos",
+        "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
+        "net-tests-utils",
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
+        "service-connectivity-tiramisu-pre-jarjar",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "android.test.mock.stubs",
     ],
     jni_libs: [
         "libandroid_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/TrafficStatsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TrafficStatsTest.kt
index c61541e..0f85daf 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/TrafficStatsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TrafficStatsTest.kt
@@ -1,46 +1,251 @@
 /*
-* Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
-*
-* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-* You may obtain a copy of the License at
-*
-*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-*
-* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-* limitations under the License.
-*/
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
 
 package android.net
 
-import android.net.TrafficStats.getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry
-import android.net.TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES
 import android.net.TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED
+import android.net.netstats.StatsResult
+import android.net.netstats.TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig
 import android.os.Build
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule.FeatureFlag
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import java.util.HashMap
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier
 
-private const val TEST_IFACE1 = "test_iface1"
+const val TEST_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS = 1000
+const val TEST_IFACE = "wlan0"
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 class TrafficStatsTest {
+    private val binder = mock(INetworkStatsService::class.java)
+    private val myUid = android.os.Process.myUid()
+    private val mockMyUidStatsResult = StatsResult(5L, 6L, 7L, 8L)
+    private val mockIfaceStatsResult = StatsResult(7L, 3L, 10L, 21L)
+    private val mockTotalStatsResult = StatsResult(8L, 1L, 5L, 2L)
+    private val secondUidStatsResult = StatsResult(3L, 7L, 10L, 5L)
+    private val secondIfaceStatsResult = StatsResult(9L, 8L, 7L, 6L)
+    private val secondTotalStatsResult = StatsResult(4L, 3L, 2L, 1L)
+    private val emptyStatsResult = StatsResult(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+    private val unsupportedStatsResult =
+            StatsResult(UNSUPPORTED.toLong(), UNSUPPORTED.toLong(),
+                    UNSUPPORTED.toLong(), UNSUPPORTED.toLong())
 
-    @Test
-    fun testGetValueForTypeFromFirstEntry() {
-        var stats: NetworkStats = NetworkStats(0, 0)
-        // empty stats
-        assertEquals(getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(stats, TYPE_RX_BYTES), UNSUPPORTED.toLong())
-        // invalid type
-        stats.insertEntry(TEST_IFACE1, 1, 2, 3, 4)
-        assertEquals(getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(stats, 1000), UNSUPPORTED.toLong())
-        // valid type
-        assertEquals(getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(stats, TYPE_RX_BYTES), 1)
+    private val cacheDisabledConfig = TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.Builder()
+            .setIsCacheEnabled(false)
+            .setExpiryDurationMs(0)
+            .setMaxEntries(0)
+            .build()
+    private val cacheEnabledConfig = TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.Builder()
+            .setIsCacheEnabled(true)
+            .setExpiryDurationMs(TEST_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS)
+            .setMaxEntries(100)
+            .build()
+    private val mTestTimeSupplier = TestTimeSupplier()
+
+    private val featureFlags = HashMap<String, Boolean>()
+
+    // This will set feature flags from @FeatureFlag annotations
+    // into the map before setUp() runs.
+    @get:Rule
+    val setFeatureFlagsRule = SetFeatureFlagsRule(
+            { name, enabled -> featureFlags.put(name, enabled == true) },
+            { name -> featureFlags.getOrDefault(name, false) }
+    )
+
+    class TestTimeSupplier : LongSupplier {
+        private var currentTimeMillis = 0L
+
+        override fun getAsLong() = currentTimeMillis
+
+        fun advanceTime(millis: Int) {
+            currentTimeMillis += millis
+        }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        TrafficStats.setServiceForTest(binder)
+        TrafficStats.setTimeSupplierForTest(mTestTimeSupplier)
+        mockStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        if (featureFlags.getOrDefault(TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, false)) {
+            doReturn(cacheEnabledConfig).`when`(binder).getRateLimitCacheConfig()
+        } else {
+            doReturn(cacheDisabledConfig).`when`(binder).getRateLimitCacheConfig()
+        }
+        TrafficStats.reinitRateLimitCacheForTest()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        TrafficStats.setServiceForTest(null)
+        TrafficStats.setTimeSupplierForTest(null)
+        TrafficStats.reinitRateLimitCacheForTest()
+    }
+
+    private fun assertUidStats(uid: Int, stats: StatsResult) {
+        assertEquals(stats.rxBytes, TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid))
+        assertEquals(stats.rxPackets, TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(uid))
+        assertEquals(stats.txBytes, TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid))
+        assertEquals(stats.txPackets, TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(uid))
+    }
+
+    private fun assertIfaceStats(iface: String, stats: StatsResult) {
+        assertEquals(stats.rxBytes, TrafficStats.getRxBytes(iface))
+        assertEquals(stats.rxPackets, TrafficStats.getRxPackets(iface))
+        assertEquals(stats.txBytes, TrafficStats.getTxBytes(iface))
+        assertEquals(stats.txPackets, TrafficStats.getTxPackets(iface))
+    }
+
+    private fun assertTotalStats(stats: StatsResult) {
+        assertEquals(stats.rxBytes, TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes())
+        assertEquals(stats.rxPackets, TrafficStats.getTotalRxPackets())
+        assertEquals(stats.txBytes, TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes())
+        assertEquals(stats.txPackets, TrafficStats.getTotalTxPackets())
+    }
+
+    private fun mockStats(uidStats: StatsResult?, ifaceStats: StatsResult?,
+                          totalStats: StatsResult?) {
+        doReturn(uidStats).`when`(binder).getUidStats(myUid)
+        doReturn(ifaceStats).`when`(binder).getIfaceStats(TEST_IFACE)
+        doReturn(totalStats).`when`(binder).getTotalStats()
+    }
+
+    private fun assertStats(uidStats: StatsResult, ifaceStats: StatsResult,
+                            totalStats: StatsResult) {
+        assertUidStats(myUid, uidStats)
+        assertIfaceStats(TEST_IFACE, ifaceStats)
+        assertTotalStats(totalStats)
+    }
+
+    private fun assertStatsFetchInvocations(wantedInvocations: Int) {
+        verify(binder, times(wantedInvocations)).getUidStats(myUid)
+        verify(binder, times(wantedInvocations)).getIfaceStats(TEST_IFACE)
+        verify(binder, times(wantedInvocations)).getTotalStats()
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    fun testRateLimitCacheExpiry_cacheEnabled() {
+        // Initial fetch, verify binder calls.
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(1)
+
+        // Advance time within expiry, verify cached values used.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mockStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        mTestTimeSupplier.advanceTime(1)
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(0)
+
+        // Advance time to expire cache, verify new values fetched.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mTestTimeSupplier.advanceTime(TEST_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS)
+        assertStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(1)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    fun testRateLimitCacheExpiry_cacheDisabled() {
+        // Initial fetch, verify binder calls.
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+
+        // Advance time within expiry, verify new values fetched.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mockStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        mTestTimeSupplier.advanceTime(1)
+        assertStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    fun testInvalidStatsNotCached_cacheEnabled() {
+        doTestInvalidStatsNotCached()
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    fun testInvalidStatsNotCached_cacheDisabled() {
+        doTestInvalidStatsNotCached()
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestInvalidStatsNotCached() {
+        // Mock null stats, this usually happens when the query is not valid,
+        // e.g. query uid stats of other application.
+        mockStats(null, null, null)
+        assertStats(unsupportedStatsResult, unsupportedStatsResult, unsupportedStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+
+        // Verify null stats is not cached, and mock empty stats. This usually
+        // happens when queries with non-existent interface names.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mockStats(emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult)
+        assertStats(emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+
+        // Verify empty result is also not cached.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        assertStats(emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    fun testClearRateLimitCaches_cacheEnabled() {
+        doTestClearRateLimitCaches(true)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    fun testClearRateLimitCaches_cacheDisabled() {
+        doTestClearRateLimitCaches(false)
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestClearRateLimitCaches(cacheEnabled: Boolean) {
+        // Initial fetch, verify binder calls.
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(if (cacheEnabled) 1 else 4)
+
+        // Verify cached values are used.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(if (cacheEnabled) 0 else 4)
+
+        // Clear caches, verify fetching from the service.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches()
+        mockStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(if (cacheEnabled) 1 else 4)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 999d17d..f7d7c87 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -2369,6 +2369,18 @@
             mScheduledEvaluationTimeouts.add(new Pair<>(network.netId, delayMs));
             super.scheduleEvaluationTimeout(handler, network, delayMs);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout() {
+            // Needed to mock out the dependency on DeviceConfig
+            return 10;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int getDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout() {
+            // Needed to mock out the dependency on DeviceConfig
+            return 15;
+        }
     }
 
     private class AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerDependencies
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
index df48f6c..ba62114 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -42,17 +42,20 @@
 import java.util.Objects
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.any
 import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
 import org.mockito.Mockito.argThat
 import org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 import org.mockito.Mockito.never
@@ -185,12 +188,12 @@
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         thread.start()
-        doReturn(TEST_HOSTNAME).`when`(mockDeps).generateHostname()
+        doReturn(TEST_HOSTNAME).`when`(mockDeps).generateHostname(anyBoolean())
         doReturn(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).`when`(mockDeps).makeAdvertiser(eq(mockSocket1),
-                any(), any(), any(), any(), eq(TEST_HOSTNAME), any(), any()
+                any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any()
         )
         doReturn(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).`when`(mockDeps).makeAdvertiser(eq(mockSocket2),
-                any(), any(), any(), any(), eq(TEST_HOSTNAME), any(), any()
+                any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any()
         )
         doReturn(true).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(anyInt())
         doReturn(true).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).isProbing(anyInt())
@@ -578,11 +581,59 @@
     fun testRemoveService_whenAllServiceRemoved_thenUpdateHostName() {
         val advertiser =
             MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
-        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).generateHostname()
+        verify(mockDeps, times(1)).generateHostname(anyBoolean())
         postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1,
                 DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
         postSync { advertiser.removeService(SERVICE_ID_1) }
-        verify(mockDeps, times(2)).generateHostname()
+        verify(mockDeps, times(2)).generateHostname(anyBoolean())
+    }
+
+    private fun doHostnameGenerationTest(shortHostname: Boolean): Array<String> {
+        doCallRealMethod().`when`(mockDeps).generateHostname(anyBoolean())
+        val flags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsShortHostnamesEnabled(shortHostname).build()
+        val advertiser =
+            MdnsAdvertiser(thread.looper, socketProvider, cb, mockDeps, sharedlog, flags, context)
+        postSync { advertiser.addOrUpdateService(SERVICE_ID_1, SERVICE_1,
+            DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_OPTION, TEST_CLIENT_UID_1) }
+
+        val socketCbCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(SocketCallback::class.java)
+        verify(socketProvider).requestSocket(eq(TEST_NETWORK_1), socketCbCaptor.capture())
+
+        val socketCb = socketCbCaptor.value
+        postSync { socketCb.onSocketCreated(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1, listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)) }
+
+        val hostnameCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Array<String>::class.java)
+        verify(mockDeps).makeAdvertiser(
+            eq(mockSocket1),
+            eq(listOf(TEST_LINKADDR)),
+            eq(thread.looper),
+            any(),
+            any(),
+            hostnameCaptor.capture(),
+            any(),
+            any()
+        )
+        return hostnameCaptor.value
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testShortHostnameGeneration() {
+        val hostname = doHostnameGenerationTest(shortHostname = true)
+        // Short hostnames are [8 uppercase letters or digits].local
+        assertEquals(2, hostname.size)
+        assertTrue(Regex("Android_[A-Z0-9]{8}").matches(hostname[0]),
+            "Unexpected hostname: ${hostname.contentToString()}")
+        assertEquals("local", hostname[1])
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLongHostnameGeneration() {
+        val hostname = doHostnameGenerationTest(shortHostname = false)
+        // Long hostnames are Android_[32 lowercase hex characters].local
+        assertEquals(2, hostname.size)
+        assertTrue(Regex("Android_[a-f0-9]{32}").matches(hostname[0]),
+            "Unexpected hostname: ${hostname.contentToString()}")
+        assertEquals("local", hostname[1])
     }
 
     private fun postSync(r: () -> Unit) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
index da0bc88..b8a9707 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsQueryScheduler.INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsQueryScheduler.MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsQueryScheduler.TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.ACTIVE_QUERY_MODE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSearchOptions.PASSIVE_QUERY_MODE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceTypeClient.EVENT_START_QUERYTASK;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.QueryTaskConfig.INITIAL_AGGRESSIVE_TIME_BETWEEN_BURSTS_MS;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.QueryTaskConfig.MAX_TIME_BETWEEN_AGGRESSIVE_BURSTS_MS;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.QueryTaskConfig.TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
@@ -127,6 +128,8 @@
     private SharedLog mockSharedLog;
     @Mock
     private MdnsServiceTypeClient.Dependencies mockDeps;
+    @Mock
+    private TimerFileDescriptor mockTimerFd;
     @Captor
     private ArgumentCaptor<MdnsServiceInfo> serviceInfoCaptor;
 
@@ -145,6 +148,7 @@
     private Message delayMessage = null;
     private Handler realHandler = null;
     private MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags = MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().build();
+    private TimerFileDescriptor.MessageTask task = null;
 
     @Before
     @SuppressWarnings("DoNotMock")
@@ -244,10 +248,21 @@
             return true;
         }).when(mockDeps).sendMessage(any(Handler.class), any(Message.class));
 
-        client = makeMdnsServiceTypeClient();
+        doAnswer(inv -> {
+            realHandler = (Handler) inv.getArguments()[0];
+            return mockTimerFd;
+        }).when(mockDeps).createTimerFd(any(Handler.class));
+
+        doAnswer(inv -> {
+            task = (TimerFileDescriptor.MessageTask) inv.getArguments()[0];
+            latestDelayMs = (long) inv.getArguments()[1];
+            return null;
+        }).when(mockTimerFd).setDelayedTask(any(), anyLong());
+
+        client = makeMdnsServiceTypeClient(featureFlags);
     }
 
-    private MdnsServiceTypeClient makeMdnsServiceTypeClient() {
+    private MdnsServiceTypeClient makeMdnsServiceTypeClient(MdnsFeatureFlags featureFlags) {
         return new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
                 mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
                 serviceCache, featureFlags);
@@ -1926,9 +1941,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSendQueryWithKnownAnswers() throws Exception {
-        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                serviceCache,
+        client = makeMdnsServiceTypeClient(
                 MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(true).build());
 
         doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
@@ -1990,9 +2003,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSendQueryWithSubTypeWithKnownAnswers() throws Exception {
-        client = new MdnsServiceTypeClient(SERVICE_TYPE, mockSocketClient, currentThreadExecutor,
-                mockDecoderClock, socketKey, mockSharedLog, thread.getLooper(), mockDeps,
-                serviceCache,
+        client = makeMdnsServiceTypeClient(
                 MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled(true).build());
 
         doCallRealMethod().when(mockDeps).getDatagramPacketsFromMdnsPacket(
@@ -2114,6 +2125,66 @@
         assertEquals(9680L, latestDelayMs);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void sendQueries_AccurateDelayCallback() {
+        client = makeMdnsServiceTypeClient(
+                MdnsFeatureFlags.newBuilder().setIsAccurateDelayCallbackEnabled(true).build());
+
+        final int numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff = 2;
+        final MdnsSearchOptions searchOptions = MdnsSearchOptions.newBuilder()
+                .addSubtype(SUBTYPE)
+                .setQueryMode(AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE)
+                .setNumOfQueriesBeforeBackoff(numOfQueriesBeforeBackoff)
+                .build();
+        startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, searchOptions);
+        verify(mockTimerFd, times(1)).cancelTask();
+
+        // Verify that the first query has been sent.
+        verifyAndSendQuery(0 /* index */, 0 /* timeInMs */, true /* expectsUnicastResponse */,
+                true /* multipleSocketDiscovery */, 1 /* scheduledCount */,
+                1 /* sendMessageCount */, true /* useAccurateDelayCallback */);
+        // Verify that the task cancellation occurred before scheduling another query.
+        verify(mockTimerFd, times(2)).cancelTask();
+
+        // Verify that the second query has been sent
+        verifyAndSendQuery(1 /* index */, 0 /* timeInMs */, false /* expectsUnicastResponse */,
+                true /* multipleSocketDiscovery */, 2 /* scheduledCount */,
+                2 /* sendMessageCount */, true /* useAccurateDelayCallback */);
+        // Verify that the task cancellation occurred before scheduling another query.
+        verify(mockTimerFd, times(3)).cancelTask();
+
+        // Verify that the third query has been sent
+        verifyAndSendQuery(2 /* index */, TIME_BETWEEN_RETRANSMISSION_QUERIES_IN_BURST_MS,
+                false /* expectsUnicastResponse */, true /* multipleSocketDiscovery */,
+                3 /* scheduledCount */, 3 /* sendMessageCount */,
+                true /* useAccurateDelayCallback */);
+        // Verify that the task cancellation occurred before scheduling another query.
+        verify(mockTimerFd, times(4)).cancelTask();
+
+        // In backoff mode, the current scheduled task will be canceled and reschedule if the
+        // 0.8 * smallestRemainingTtl is larger than time to next run.
+        long currentTime = TEST_TTL / 2 + TEST_ELAPSED_REALTIME;
+        doReturn(currentTime).when(mockDecoderClock).elapsedRealtime();
+        doReturn(true).when(mockTimerFd).hasDelayedTask();
+        processResponse(createResponse(
+                "service-instance-1", "192.0.2.123", 5353,
+                SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
+                Collections.emptyMap(), TEST_TTL), socketKey);
+        // Verify that the task cancellation occurred twice.
+        verify(mockTimerFd, times(6)).cancelTask();
+        assertNotNull(task);
+        verifyAndSendQuery(3 /* index */, (long) (TEST_TTL / 2 * 0.8) /* timeInMs */,
+                true /* expectsUnicastResponse */, true /* multipleSocketDiscovery */,
+                5 /* scheduledCount */, 4 /* sendMessageCount */,
+                true /* useAccurateDelayCallback */);
+        // Verify that the task cancellation occurred before scheduling another query.
+        verify(mockTimerFd, times(7)).cancelTask();
+
+        // Stop sending packets.
+        stopSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne);
+        verify(mockTimerFd, times(8)).cancelTask();
+    }
+
     private static MdnsServiceInfo matchServiceName(String name) {
         return argThat(info -> info.getServiceInstanceName().equals(name));
     }
@@ -2127,9 +2198,22 @@
 
     private void verifyAndSendQuery(int index, long timeInMs, boolean expectsUnicastResponse,
             boolean multipleSocketDiscovery, int scheduledCount) {
-        // Dispatch the message
-        if (delayMessage != null && realHandler != null) {
-            dispatchMessage();
+        verifyAndSendQuery(index, timeInMs, expectsUnicastResponse,
+                multipleSocketDiscovery, scheduledCount, index + 1 /* sendMessageCount */,
+                false /* useAccurateDelayCallback */);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyAndSendQuery(int index, long timeInMs, boolean expectsUnicastResponse,
+            boolean multipleSocketDiscovery, int scheduledCount, int sendMessageCount,
+            boolean useAccurateDelayCallback) {
+        if (useAccurateDelayCallback && task != null && realHandler != null) {
+            runOnHandler(() -> realHandler.dispatchMessage(task.getMessage()));
+            task = null;
+        } else {
+            // Dispatch the message
+            if (delayMessage != null && realHandler != null) {
+                dispatchMessage();
+            }
         }
         assertEquals(timeInMs, latestDelayMs);
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
@@ -2152,11 +2236,15 @@
                         eq(socketKey), eq(false));
             }
         }
-        verify(mockDeps, times(index + 1))
+        verify(mockDeps, times(sendMessageCount))
                 .sendMessage(any(Handler.class), any(Message.class));
         // Verify the task has been scheduled.
-        verify(mockDeps, times(scheduledCount))
-                .sendMessageDelayed(any(Handler.class), any(Message.class), anyLong());
+        if (useAccurateDelayCallback) {
+            verify(mockTimerFd, times(scheduledCount)).setDelayedTask(any(), anyLong());
+        } else {
+            verify(mockDeps, times(scheduledCount))
+                    .sendMessageDelayed(any(Handler.class), any(Message.class), anyLong());
+        }
     }
 
     private static String[] getTestServiceName(String instanceName) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
index 5c3ad22..efae244 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/util/MdnsUtilsTest.kt
@@ -22,21 +22,27 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.FLAG_TRUNCATED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV4_SOCKET_ADDR
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsConstants.IPV6_SOCKET_ADDR
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsInetAddressRecord
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacket
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPacketReader
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsPointerRecord
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecord
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsResponse
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceInfo
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsServiceRecord
+import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsTextRecord
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.createQueryDatagramPackets
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils.truncateServiceName
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-import java.net.DatagramPacket
-import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
 import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.DatagramPacket
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
@@ -157,4 +163,54 @@
         assertFalse(MdnsUtils.checkAllPacketsWithSameAddress(listOf(v6Packet, otherV6Packet)))
         assertFalse(MdnsUtils.checkAllPacketsWithSameAddress(listOf(v4Packet, v6Packet)))
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBuildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse() {
+        val serviceInstanceName = "MyTestService"
+        val serviceType = "_testservice._tcp.local"
+        val hostName = "Android_000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F.local"
+        val port = 12345
+        val ttlTime = 120000L
+        val testElapsedRealtime = 123L
+        val serviceName = "$serviceInstanceName.$serviceType".split(".").toTypedArray()
+        val v4Address = "192.0.2.1"
+        val v6Address = "2001:db8::1"
+        val interfaceIndex = 99
+        val response = MdnsResponse(0 /* now */, serviceName, interfaceIndex, null /* network */)
+        // Set PTR record
+        response.addPointerRecord(MdnsPointerRecord(serviceType.split(".").toTypedArray(),
+                testElapsedRealtime, false /* cacheFlush */, ttlTime, serviceName))
+        // Set SRV record.
+        response.serviceRecord = MdnsServiceRecord(serviceName, testElapsedRealtime,
+                false /* cacheFlush */, ttlTime, 0 /* servicePriority */, 0 /* serviceWeight */,
+                port, hostName.split(".").toTypedArray())
+        // Set TXT record.
+        response.textRecord = MdnsTextRecord(serviceName,
+                testElapsedRealtime, true /* cacheFlush */, 0L /* ttlMillis */,
+                listOf(MdnsServiceInfo.TextEntry.fromString("somedifferent=entry")))
+        // Set InetAddress record.
+        response.addInet4AddressRecord(MdnsInetAddressRecord(hostName.split(".").toTypedArray(),
+                testElapsedRealtime, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                0L /* ttlMillis */, InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(v4Address)))
+        response.addInet6AddressRecord(MdnsInetAddressRecord(hostName.split(".").toTypedArray(),
+                testElapsedRealtime, true /* cacheFlush */,
+                0L /* ttlMillis */, InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(v6Address)))
+
+        // Convert a MdnsResponse to a MdnsServiceInfo
+        val serviceInfo = MdnsUtils.buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(
+                response, serviceType.split(".").toTypedArray(), testElapsedRealtime)
+
+        assertEquals(serviceInstanceName, serviceInfo.serviceInstanceName)
+        assertArrayEquals(serviceType.split(".").toTypedArray(), serviceInfo.serviceType)
+        assertArrayEquals(hostName.split(".").toTypedArray(), serviceInfo.hostName)
+        assertEquals(port, serviceInfo.port)
+        assertEquals(1, serviceInfo.ipv4Addresses.size)
+        assertEquals(v4Address, serviceInfo.ipv4Addresses[0])
+        assertEquals(1, serviceInfo.ipv6Addresses.size)
+        assertEquals(v6Address, serviceInfo.ipv6Addresses[0])
+        assertEquals(interfaceIndex, serviceInfo.interfaceIndex)
+        assertEquals(null, serviceInfo.network)
+        assertEquals(mapOf("somedifferent" to "entry"),
+                serviceInfo.attributes)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt
index a7083dc..b179aac 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
         // EXPIRE_LEGACY_REQUEST (=8) is only used in ConnectivityManager and not included.
         // CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY (=0) is not a callback so not included either.
         assertEquals(
-            "PRECHK|AVAIL|LOSING|LOST|UNAVAIL|NC|LP|SUSP|RESUME|BLK|LOCALINF|0x7fffe101",
+            "PRECHK|AVAIL|LOSING|LOST|UNAVAIL|NC|LP|SUSP|RESUME|BLK|LOCALINF|RES|0x7fffc101",
             ConnectivityService.declaredMethodsFlagsToString(0x7fff_ffff)
         )
         // The toString method and the assertion above need to be updated if constants are added
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
             Modifier.isStatic(it.modifiers) && Modifier.isFinal(it.modifiers) &&
                     it.name.startsWith("CALLBACK_")
         }
-        assertEquals(12, constants.size)
+        assertEquals(13, constants.size)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt
index 5c29e3a..b824531 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDestroyedNetworkTests.kt
@@ -27,9 +27,26 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.never
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
 
 private const val LONG_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000
 
+private val CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        .build()
+
+private val REQUEST = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+        .clearCapabilities()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+        .build()
+
+
 @DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -37,29 +54,53 @@
 class CSDestroyedNetworkTests : CSTest() {
     @Test
     fun testDestroyNetworkNotKeptWhenUnvalidated() {
-        val nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                .build()
-
-        val nr = NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .clearCapabilities()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                .build()
         val cbRequest = TestableNetworkCallback()
         val cbCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
-        cm.requestNetwork(nr, cbRequest)
-        cm.registerNetworkCallback(nr, cbCallback)
+        cm.requestNetwork(REQUEST, cbRequest)
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(REQUEST, cbCallback)
 
-        val firstAgent = Agent(nc = nc)
+        val firstAgent = Agent(nc = CAPABILITIES)
         firstAgent.connect()
         cbCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(firstAgent.network, validated = false)
 
         firstAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(LONG_TIMEOUT_MS)
 
-        val secondAgent = Agent(nc = nc)
+        val secondAgent = Agent(nc = CAPABILITIES)
         secondAgent.connect()
         cbCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(secondAgent.network, validated = false)
 
         cbCallback.expect<Lost>(timeoutMs = 500) { it.network == firstAgent.network }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDestroyNetworkWithDelayedTeardown() {
+        val cbRequest = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val cbCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.requestNetwork(REQUEST, cbRequest)
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(REQUEST, cbCallback)
+
+        val firstAgent = Agent(nc = CAPABILITIES)
+        firstAgent.connect()
+        firstAgent.setTeardownDelayMillis(1)
+        cbCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(firstAgent.network, validated = false)
+
+        clearInvocations(netd)
+        val inOrder = inOrder(netd)
+        firstAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(LONG_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val secondAgent = Agent(nc = CAPABILITIES)
+        secondAgent.connect()
+        cbCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(secondAgent.network, validated = false)
+        secondAgent.disconnect()
+
+        cbCallback.expect<Lost>(timeoutMs = 500) { it.network == firstAgent.network }
+        cbCallback.expect<Lost>(timeoutMs = 500) { it.network == secondAgent.network }
+        // onLost is fired before the network is destroyed.
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        inOrder.verify(netd).networkDestroy(eq(firstAgent.network.netId))
+        inOrder.verify(netd).networkCreate(argThat{ it.netId == secondAgent.network.netId })
+        inOrder.verify(netd).networkDestroy(eq(secondAgent.network.netId))
+        verify(netd, never()).networkSetPermissionForNetwork(anyInt(), anyInt())
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt
index cb98454..16a30aa 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSLocalAgentCreationTests.kt
@@ -55,25 +55,28 @@
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
-class CSLocalAgentCreationTests(
-        private val sdkLevel: Int,
-        private val isTv: Boolean,
-        private val addLocalNetCapToRequest: Boolean
-) : CSTest() {
+class CSLocalAgentCreationTests : CSTest() {
+    @Parameterized.Parameter(0) lateinit var params: TestParams
+
+    data class TestParams(
+            val sdkLevel: Int,
+            val isTv: Boolean = false,
+            val addLocalNetCapToRequest: Boolean = true)
+
     companion object {
         @JvmStatic
         @Parameterized.Parameters
         fun arguments() = listOf(
-                arrayOf(VERSION_V, false /* isTv */, true /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_V, false /* isTv */, false /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_V, true /* isTv */, true /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_V, true /* isTv */, false /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_U, false /* isTv */, true /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_U, false /* isTv */, false /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_U, true /* isTv */, true /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_U, true /* isTv */, false /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_T, false /* isTv */, false /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
-                arrayOf(VERSION_T, true /* isTv */, false /* addLocalNetCapToRequest */),
+                TestParams(VERSION_V, isTv = false, addLocalNetCapToRequest = true),
+                TestParams(VERSION_V, isTv = false, addLocalNetCapToRequest = false),
+                TestParams(VERSION_V, isTv = true, addLocalNetCapToRequest = true),
+                TestParams(VERSION_V, isTv = true, addLocalNetCapToRequest = false),
+                TestParams(VERSION_U, isTv = false, addLocalNetCapToRequest = true),
+                TestParams(VERSION_U, isTv = false, addLocalNetCapToRequest = false),
+                TestParams(VERSION_U, isTv = true, addLocalNetCapToRequest = true),
+                TestParams(VERSION_U, isTv = true, addLocalNetCapToRequest = false),
+                TestParams(VERSION_T, isTv = false, addLocalNetCapToRequest = false),
+                TestParams(VERSION_T, isTv = true, addLocalNetCapToRequest = false),
         )
     }
 
@@ -84,11 +87,11 @@
     @Test
     fun testLocalAgents() {
         val netdInOrder = inOrder(netd)
-        deps.setBuildSdk(sdkLevel)
-        doReturn(isTv).`when`(packageManager).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_LEANBACK)
+        deps.setBuildSdk(params.sdkLevel)
+        doReturn(params.isTv).`when`(packageManager).hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_LEANBACK)
         val allNetworksCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
         val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
-        if (addLocalNetCapToRequest) {
+        if (params.addLocalNetCapToRequest) {
             request.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
         }
         cm.registerNetworkCallback(request.build(), allNetworksCb)
@@ -96,7 +99,8 @@
             addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
             addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
         }.build()
-        val localAgent = if (sdkLevel >= VERSION_V || sdkLevel == VERSION_U && isTv) {
+        val localAgent = if (params.sdkLevel >= VERSION_V
+                || params.sdkLevel == VERSION_U && params.isTv) {
             Agent(nc = ncTemplate, score = keepConnectedScore(), lnc = defaultLnc())
         } else {
             assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { Agent(nc = ncTemplate, lnc = defaultLnc()) }
@@ -106,7 +110,7 @@
         localAgent.connect()
         netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkCreate(
                 makeNativeNetworkConfigLocal(localAgent.network.netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE))
-        if (addLocalNetCapToRequest) {
+        if (params.addLocalNetCapToRequest) {
             assertEquals(localAgent.network, allNetworksCb.expect<Available>().network)
         } else {
             allNetworksCb.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkActivityTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkActivityTest.kt
index df0a2cc..ccbd6b3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkActivityTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkActivityTest.kt
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_DEVICE_TYPE
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_IS_ACTIVE
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_REALTIME_NS
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS
@@ -41,12 +42,14 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import java.time.Duration
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
 import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
 import org.mockito.Mockito.anyLong
@@ -69,6 +72,18 @@
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
 class CSNetworkActivityTest : CSTest() {
 
+    private fun setMobileDataActivityTimeout(timeoutSeconds: Int) {
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setMobileDataActivityTimeout(
+            context, Duration.ofSeconds(timeoutSeconds.toLong())
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun setWifiDataActivityTimeout(timeoutSeconds: Int) {
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setWifiDataActivityTimeout(
+            context, Duration.ofSeconds(timeoutSeconds.toLong())
+        )
+    }
+
     private fun getRegisteredNetdUnsolicitedEventListener(): BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
         val captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener::class.java)
         verify(netd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(captor.capture())
@@ -252,8 +267,122 @@
         cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(dataNetworkCb)
         cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(imsNetworkCb)
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCellularIdleTimerSettingsTimeout() {
+        val cellNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            .build()
+        val cellLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = DATA_CELL_IFNAME
+        }
+
+        val settingsTimeout: Int = deps.defaultCellDataInactivityTimeoutForTest + 432
+        // DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE is set, so the default should be ignored.
+        setMobileDataActivityTimeout(settingsTimeout)
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc, lp = cellLp)
+        cellAgent.connect()
+
+        verify(netd).idletimerAddInterface(eq(DATA_CELL_IFNAME), eq(settingsTimeout), anyString())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCellularIdleTimerDefaultTimeout() {
+        val cellNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            .build()
+        val cellLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = DATA_CELL_IFNAME
+        }
+
+        val testTimeout: Int = deps.defaultCellDataInactivityTimeoutForTest
+        // DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE is not set, so the default should be used.
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc, lp = cellLp)
+        cellAgent.connect()
+
+        verify(netd).idletimerAddInterface(eq(DATA_CELL_IFNAME), eq(testTimeout), anyString())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCellularIdleTimerDisabled() {
+        val cellNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            .build()
+        val cellLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = DATA_CELL_IFNAME
+        }
+        setMobileDataActivityTimeout(0)
+        val cellAgent = Agent(nc = cellNc, lp = cellLp)
+        cellAgent.connect()
+
+        verify(netd, never()).idletimerAddInterface(eq(DATA_CELL_IFNAME), anyInt(), anyString())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testWifiIdleTimerSettingsTimeout() {
+        val wifiNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            .build()
+        val wifiLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = WIFI_IFNAME
+        }
+        val settingsTimeout: Int = deps.defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout + 435
+        setWifiDataActivityTimeout(settingsTimeout)
+        // DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MOBILE is set, so the default should be ignored.
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        verify(netd).idletimerAddInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), eq(settingsTimeout), anyString())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testWifiIdleTimerDefaultTimeout() {
+        val wifiNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            .build()
+        val wifiLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = WIFI_IFNAME
+        }
+        val testTimeout: Int = deps.defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeoutForTest
+        // DATA_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_WIFI is not set, so the default should be used.
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        verify(netd).idletimerAddInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), eq(testTimeout), anyString())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testWifiIdleTimerDisabled() {
+        val wifiNc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+            .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+            .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            .build()
+        val wifiLp = LinkProperties().apply {
+            interfaceName = WIFI_IFNAME
+        }
+        setWifiDataActivityTimeout(0)
+        val wifiAgent = Agent(nc = wifiNc, lp = wifiLp)
+        wifiAgent.connect()
+
+        verify(netd, never()).idletimerAddInterface(eq(WIFI_IFNAME), anyInt(), anyString())
+    }
 }
 
+
 internal fun CSContext.expectDataActivityBroadcast(
         deviceType: Int,
         isActive: Boolean,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkReservationTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkReservationTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b6c995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSNetworkReservationTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server
+
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
+import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Reserved
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Unavailable
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkOfferCallback
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkOfferCallback.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkNeeded
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+
+private val ETHERNET_SCORE = NetworkScore.Builder().build()
+private val ETHERNET_CAPS = NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
+        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+        .build()
+
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000L
+private const val NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS = 200L
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class CSNetworkReservationTest : CSTest() {
+    fun NetworkCapabilities.copyWithReservationId(resId: Int) = NetworkCapabilities(this).also {
+        it.reservationId = resId
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservationRequest() {
+        val provider = NetworkProvider(context, csHandlerThread.looper, "Ethernet provider")
+        val blanketOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        cm.registerNetworkProvider(provider)
+
+        val blanketCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(RES_ID_MATCH_ALL_RESERVATIONS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, blanketCaps, {r -> r.run()}, blanketOfferCb)
+
+        val req = NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET).build()
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(req, csHandler, cb)
+
+        // validate the reservation matches the blanket offer.
+        val reservationReq = blanketOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(blanketCaps).request
+        val reservationId = reservationReq.networkCapabilities.reservationId
+
+        // bring up specific reservation offer
+        val specificCaps = ETHERNET_CAPS.copyWithReservationId(reservationId)
+        val specificOfferCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, specificCaps, {r -> r.run()}, specificOfferCb)
+
+        // validate onReserved was sent to the app
+        val reservedCaps = cb.expect<Reserved>().caps
+        assertEquals(specificCaps, reservedCaps)
+
+        // validate the reservation matches the specific offer.
+        specificOfferCb.expectOnNetworkNeeded(specificCaps)
+
+        // Specific offer goes away
+        provider.unregisterNetworkOffer(specificOfferCb)
+        cb.expect<Unavailable>()
+    }
+
+    fun TestableNetworkOfferCallback.expectNoCallbackWhere(
+            predicate: (TestableNetworkOfferCallback.CallbackEntry) -> Boolean
+    ) {
+        val event = history.poll(NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS) { predicate(it) }
+        assertNull(event)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReservationRequest_notDeliveredToRegularOffer() {
+        val provider = NetworkProvider(context, csHandlerThread.looper, "Ethernet provider")
+        val offerCb = TestableNetworkOfferCallback(TIMEOUT_MS, NO_CB_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        cm.registerNetworkProvider(provider)
+        provider.registerNetworkOffer(ETHERNET_SCORE, ETHERNET_CAPS, {r -> r.run()}, offerCb)
+
+        val req = NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET).build()
+        val cb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.reserveNetwork(req, csHandler, cb)
+
+        // validate the offer does not receive onNetworkNeeded for reservation request
+        offerCb.expectNoCallbackWhere {
+            it is OnNetworkNeeded && it.request.type == NetworkRequest.Type.RESERVATION
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt
index 5ca7fcc..58420c0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt
@@ -163,19 +163,36 @@
         doTestSatelliteNeverBecomeDefaultNetwork(restricted = false)
     }
 
-    private fun doTestUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier(destroyed: Boolean) {
+    private fun doTestUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier(destroyBeforeRequest: Boolean = false,
+                                                          destroyAfterRequest: Boolean = false) {
         val satelliteAgent = createSatelliteAgent("satellite0")
         satelliteAgent.connect()
 
+        if (destroyBeforeRequest) {
+            satelliteAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(timeoutMs = 5000)
+        }
+
         val uids = setOf(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)
         updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(uids)
 
-        if (destroyed) {
+        if (destroyBeforeRequest) {
+            verify(netd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any())
+        } else {
+            verify(netd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(
+                NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                    satelliteAgent.network.netId,
+                    toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids)),
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK
+                )
+            )
+        }
+
+        if (destroyAfterRequest) {
             satelliteAgent.unregisterAfterReplacement(timeoutMs = 5000)
         }
 
         updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(setOf())
-        if (destroyed) {
+        if (destroyBeforeRequest || destroyAfterRequest) {
             // If the network is already destroyed, networkRemoveUidRangesParcel should not be
             // called.
             verify(netd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any())
@@ -191,13 +208,18 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    fun testUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier_destroyed() {
-        doTestUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier(destroyed = true)
+    fun testUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier_destroyBeforeRequest() {
+        doTestUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier(destroyBeforeRequest = true)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier_destroyAfterRequest() {
+        doTestUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier(destroyAfterRequest = true)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier_notDestroyed() {
-        doTestUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier(destroyed = false)
+        doTestUnregisterAfterReplacementSatisfier()
     }
 
     private fun assertCreateMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids: Set<Int>) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
index 1f5ee32..9be7d11 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSAgentWrapper.kt
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@
         cb.eventuallyExpect<Lost> { it.network == agent.network }
     }
 
+    fun setTeardownDelayMillis(delayMillis: Int) = agent.setTeardownDelayMillis(delayMillis)
     fun unregisterAfterReplacement(timeoutMs: Int) = agent.unregisterAfterReplacement(timeoutMs)
 
     fun sendLocalNetworkConfig(lnc: LocalNetworkConfig) = agent.sendLocalNetworkConfig(lnc)
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
index 46c25d2..ae196a6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/base/CSTest.kt
@@ -341,6 +341,18 @@
             }
         }
 
+        // Need a non-zero value to avoid disarming the timer.
+        val defaultCellDataInactivityTimeoutForTest: Int = 81
+        override fun getDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout(): Int {
+            return defaultCellDataInactivityTimeoutForTest
+        }
+
+        // Need a non-zero value to avoid disarming the timer.
+        val defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeoutForTest: Int = 121
+        override fun getDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout(): Int {
+            return defaultWifiDataInactivityTimeoutForTest
+        }
+
         override fun isChangeEnabled(changeId: Long, pkg: String, user: UserHandle) =
                 changeId in enabledChangeIds
         override fun isChangeEnabled(changeId: Long, uid: Int) =
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index ef4c44d..b528480 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_REMOVED;
 import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
-import static android.net.TrafficStats.getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry;
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
 import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
@@ -79,6 +78,7 @@
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_ATTEMPTS_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_FALLBACKS_COUNTER_NAME;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NETSTATS_IMPORT_SUCCESSES_COUNTER_NAME;
+import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
@@ -128,10 +128,12 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
-import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.StatsResult;
+import android.net.netstats.TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.DropBoxManager;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
@@ -209,7 +211,6 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
-import java.util.function.Function;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsService}.
@@ -223,6 +224,8 @@
 // NetworkStatsService is not updatable before T, so tests do not need to be backwards compatible
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
 public class NetworkStatsServiceTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
     private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsServiceTest";
 
@@ -621,8 +624,9 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public boolean alwaysUseTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCache(Context ctx) {
-            return mFeatureFlags.getOrDefault(
+        public boolean isTrafficStatsServiceRateLimitCacheEnabled(Context ctx,
+                boolean isClientCacheEnabled) {
+            return !isClientCacheEnabled && mFeatureFlags.getOrDefault(
                     TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, false);
         }
 
@@ -643,6 +647,19 @@
         }
 
         @Override
+        public TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig getTrafficStatsRateLimitCacheClientSideConfig(
+                @NonNull Context ctx) {
+            final TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig config =
+                    new TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.Builder()
+                            .setIsCacheEnabled(mFeatureFlags.getOrDefault(
+                                    TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, false))
+                            .setExpiryDurationMs(DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_CACHE_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS)
+                            .setMaxEntries(DEFAULT_TRAFFIC_STATS_SERVICE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES)
+                            .build();
+            return config;
+        }
+
+        @Override
         public boolean isChangeEnabled(long changeId, int uid) {
             return mCompatChanges.getOrDefault(changeId, true);
         }
@@ -2453,11 +2470,49 @@
         assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_GREEN, 64L, 3L, 1024L, 8L, 0);
     }
 
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRateLimitCacheConfig_featureDisabled() {
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, false);
+        assertFalse(mService.getRateLimitCacheConfig().isCacheEnabled);
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, true);
+        assertFalse(mService.getRateLimitCacheConfig().isCacheEnabled);
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRateLimitCacheConfig_vOrAbove() {
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, false);
+        assertTrue(mService.getRateLimitCacheConfig().isCacheEnabled);
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, true);
+        assertTrue(mService.getRateLimitCacheConfig().isCacheEnabled);
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRateLimitCacheConfig_belowV() {
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, false);
+        assertFalse(mService.getRateLimitCacheConfig().isCacheEnabled);
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, true);
+        assertTrue(mService.getRateLimitCacheConfig().isCacheEnabled);
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_clientCacheEnabledDisableServiceCache()
+            throws Exception {
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, true);
+        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(false /* expectCached */);
+    }
+
     @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
     @Test
     public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_disabledWithCompatChangeEnabled() throws Exception {
         mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, true);
-        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(true /* expectCached */);
+        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(false /* expectCached */);
     }
 
     @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
@@ -2475,8 +2530,19 @@
     }
 
     @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     @Test
-    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_enabledWithCompatChangeDisabled() throws Exception {
+    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_enabledWithCompatChangeDisabled_belowV()
+            throws Exception {
+        mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, false);
+        doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(false /* expectCached */);
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @Test
+    public void testTrafficStatsRateLimitCache_enabledWithCompatChangeDisabled_vOrAbove()
+            throws Exception {
         mDeps.setChangeEnabled(ENABLE_TRAFFICSTATS_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE, false);
         doTestTrafficStatsRateLimitCache(true /* expectCached */);
     }
@@ -2515,22 +2581,18 @@
     // Assert for 3 different API return values respectively.
     private void assertTrafficStatsValues(String iface, int uid, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
             long txBytes, long txPackets) {
-        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
-                (type) -> getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(mService.getTypelessTotalStats(), type));
-        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
-                (type) -> getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(
-                        mService.getTypelessIfaceStats(iface), type)
-        );
-        assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
-                (type) -> getValueForTypeFromFirstEntry(mService.getTypelessUidStats(uid), type));
+        assertStatsResultEquals(mService.getTotalStats(), rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets);
+        assertStatsResultEquals(mService.getIfaceStats(iface), rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes,
+                txPackets);
+        assertStatsResultEquals(mService.getUidStats(uid), rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets);
     }
 
-    private void assertTrafficStatsValuesThat(long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes,
-            long txPackets, Function<Integer, Long> fetcher) {
-        assertEquals(rxBytes, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES));
-        assertEquals(rxPackets, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS));
-        assertEquals(txBytes, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES));
-        assertEquals(txPackets, (long) fetcher.apply(TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS));
+    private void assertStatsResultEquals(StatsResult stats, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        assertEquals(rxBytes, stats.rxBytes);
+        assertEquals(rxPackets, stats.rxPackets);
+        assertEquals(txBytes, stats.txBytes);
+        assertEquals(txPackets, stats.txPackets);
     }
 
     private void assertShouldRunComparison(boolean expected, boolean isDebuggable) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
index 57a157d..50971e7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
         "libtcutils",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp b/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
index 06a3986..a0ce4f8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit/jni/android_net_frameworktests_util/onload.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                      char const *class_name);
 
 extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
     JNIEnv *env;
@@ -38,6 +40,10 @@
     if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(env,
             "android/net/frameworktests/util/TcUtils") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
 
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(
+            env, "android/net/frameworktests/util/TimerFdUtils") < 0)
+      return JNI_ERR;
+
     return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
 }
 
diff --git a/thread/TEST_MAPPING b/thread/TEST_MAPPING
index 34d67bb..40842f1 100644
--- a/thread/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/thread/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
   "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "ThreadNetworkMultiDeviceTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ThreadNetworkTrelDisabledTests"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/AndroidManifest.xml b/thread/demoapp/AndroidManifest.xml
index c31bb71..fddc151 100644
--- a/thread/demoapp/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/thread/demoapp/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
             <intent-filter>
                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LEANBACK_LAUNCHER" />
             </intent-filter>
         </activity>
     </application>
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.java b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.java
index e95feaf..ea30e26 100644
--- a/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.java
+++ b/thread/demoapp/java/com/android/threadnetwork/demoapp/ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
 import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkManager;
@@ -45,8 +46,13 @@
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
 import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
 
+import com.google.android.material.switchmaterial.SwitchMaterial;
+
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 public final class ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment extends Fragment {
@@ -59,11 +65,18 @@
     private TextView mTextState;
     private TextView mTextNetworkInfo;
     private TextView mMigrateNetworkState;
+    private TextView mEphemeralKeyStateText;
+    private SwitchMaterial mNat64Switch;
     private Executor mMainExecutor;
 
     private int mDeviceRole;
     private long mPartitionId;
     private ActiveOperationalDataset mActiveDataset;
+    private int mEphemeralKeyState;
+    private String mEphemeralKey;
+    private Instant mEphemeralKeyExpiry;
+    private Timer mEphemeralKeyLifetimeTimer;
+    private ThreadConfiguration mThreadConfiguration;
 
     private static final byte[] DEFAULT_ACTIVE_DATASET_TLVS =
             base16().lowerCase()
@@ -89,6 +102,23 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static String ephemeralKeyStateToString(int ephemeralKeyState) {
+        switch (ephemeralKeyState) {
+            case ThreadNetworkController.EPHEMERAL_KEY_DISABLED:
+                return "Disabled";
+            case ThreadNetworkController.EPHEMERAL_KEY_ENABLED:
+                return "Enabled";
+            case ThreadNetworkController.EPHEMERAL_KEY_IN_USE:
+                return "Connected";
+            default:
+                return "Unknown";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String booleanToEnabledOrDisabled(boolean enabled) {
+        return enabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled";
+    }
+
     @Override
     public View onCreateView(
             LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
@@ -144,6 +174,15 @@
                             ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.this.mPartitionId = mPartitionId;
                             updateState();
                         }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void onEphemeralKeyStateChanged(
+                                int state, String ephemeralKey, Instant expiry) {
+                            ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.this.mEphemeralKeyState = state;
+                            ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.this.mEphemeralKey = ephemeralKey;
+                            ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment.this.mEphemeralKeyExpiry = expiry;
+                            updateState();
+                        }
                     });
             mThreadController.registerOperationalDatasetCallback(
                     mMainExecutor,
@@ -151,10 +190,16 @@
                         this.mActiveDataset = newActiveDataset;
                         updateState();
                     });
+            mThreadController.registerConfigurationCallback(
+                    mMainExecutor, this::updateConfiguration);
         }
 
         mTextState = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text_state);
         mTextNetworkInfo = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text_network_info);
+        mEphemeralKeyStateText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text_ephemeral_key_state);
+        mNat64Switch = (SwitchMaterial) view.findViewById(R.id.switch_nat64);
+        mNat64Switch.setOnCheckedChangeListener(
+                (buttonView, isChecked) -> doSetNat64Enabled(isChecked));
 
         if (mThreadController == null) {
             mTextState.setText("Thread not supported!");
@@ -168,6 +213,11 @@
         ((Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button_migrate_network))
                 .setOnClickListener(v -> doMigration());
 
+        ((Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button_activate_ephemeral_key_mode))
+                .setOnClickListener(v -> doActivateEphemeralKeyMode());
+        ((Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button_deactivate_ephemeral_key_mode))
+                .setOnClickListener(v -> doDeactivateEphemeralKeyMode());
+
         updateState();
     }
 
@@ -234,12 +284,74 @@
                 });
     }
 
+    private void doActivateEphemeralKeyMode() {
+        mThreadController.activateEphemeralKeyMode(
+                Duration.ofMinutes(2),
+                mMainExecutor,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException error) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to activate ephemeral key", error);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void v) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "Successfully activated ephemeral key mode");
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    private void doDeactivateEphemeralKeyMode() {
+        mThreadController.deactivateEphemeralKeyMode(
+                mMainExecutor,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException error) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to deactivate ephemeral key", error);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void v) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "Successfully deactivated ephemeral key mode");
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    private void doSetNat64Enabled(boolean enabled) {
+        if (mThreadConfiguration == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Thread configuration is not available");
+            return;
+        }
+        final ThreadConfiguration config =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(mThreadConfiguration)
+                        .setNat64Enabled(enabled)
+                        .build();
+        mThreadController.setConfiguration(
+                config,
+                mMainExecutor,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException error) {
+                        Log.e(
+                                TAG,
+                                "Failed to set NAT64 " + booleanToEnabledOrDisabled(enabled),
+                                error);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void v) {
+                        Log.i(TAG, "Successfully set NAT64 " + booleanToEnabledOrDisabled(enabled));
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
     private void updateState() {
         Log.i(
                 TAG,
                 String.format(
-                        "Updating Thread states (mDeviceRole: %s)",
-                        deviceRoleToString(mDeviceRole)));
+                        "Updating Thread states (mDeviceRole: %s, mEphemeralKeyState: %s)",
+                        deviceRoleToString(mDeviceRole),
+                        ephemeralKeyStateToString(mEphemeralKeyState)));
 
         String state =
                 String.format(
@@ -254,6 +366,30 @@
                                 ? base16().encode(mActiveDataset.getExtendedPanId())
                                 : null);
         mTextState.setText(state);
+
+        updateEphemeralKeyStatus();
+    }
+
+    private void updateEphemeralKeyStatus() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append(ephemeralKeyStateToString(mEphemeralKeyState));
+        if (mEphemeralKeyState != ThreadNetworkController.EPHEMERAL_KEY_DISABLED) {
+            sb.append("\nPasscode: ");
+            sb.append(mEphemeralKey);
+            sb.append("\nRemaining lifetime: ");
+            sb.append(Instant.now().until(mEphemeralKeyExpiry, ChronoUnit.SECONDS));
+            sb.append(" seconds");
+            mEphemeralKeyLifetimeTimer = new Timer();
+            mEphemeralKeyLifetimeTimer.schedule(
+                    new TimerTask() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void run() {
+                            mMainExecutor.execute(() -> updateEphemeralKeyStatus());
+                        }
+                    },
+                    1000L /* delay in millis */);
+        }
+        mEphemeralKeyStateText.setText(sb.toString());
     }
 
     private void updateNetworkInfo(LinkProperties linProperties) {
@@ -274,4 +410,11 @@
         }
         mTextNetworkInfo.setText(sb.toString());
     }
+
+    private void updateConfiguration(ThreadConfiguration config) {
+        Log.i(TAG, "Updating configuration: " + config);
+
+        mThreadConfiguration = config;
+        mNat64Switch.setChecked(config.isNat64Enabled());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/main_activity.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/main_activity.xml
index 12072e5..d874db1 100644
--- a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/main_activity.xml
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/main_activity.xml
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
     tools:context=".MainActivity">
 
     <LinearLayout
diff --git a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/thread_network_settings_fragment.xml b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/thread_network_settings_fragment.xml
index cae46a3..47ce62a 100644
--- a/thread/demoapp/res/layout/thread_network_settings_fragment.xml
+++ b/thread/demoapp/res/layout/thread_network_settings_fragment.xml
@@ -14,58 +14,99 @@
      limitations under the License.
 -->
 
-<LinearLayout
-    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
-    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
-    android:layout_width="match_parent"
-    android:layout_height="match_parent"
-    android:padding="8dp"
-    android:orientation="vertical"
-    tools:context=".ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment" >
+<ScrollView
+  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+  android:layout_width="match_parent"
+  android:layout_height="match_parent">
+    <LinearLayout
+        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:padding="8dp"
+        android:orientation="vertical"
+        tools:context=".ThreadNetworkSettingsFragment" >
 
-    <Button android:id="@+id/button_join_network"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:text="Join Network" />
-    <Button android:id="@+id/button_leave_network"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:text="Leave Network" />
+        <Button android:id="@+id/button_join_network"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="Join Network" />
+        <Button android:id="@+id/button_leave_network"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="Leave Network" />
 
-    <TextView
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:textSize="16dp"
-        android:textStyle="bold"
-        android:text="State" />
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_state"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:textSize="12dp"
-        android:typeface="monospace" />
+        <TextView
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textStyle="bold"
+            android:text="State" />
+        <TextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_state"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:textSize="12sp"
+            android:typeface="monospace" />
 
-    <TextView
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
-        android:textSize="16dp"
-        android:textStyle="bold"
-        android:text="Network Info" />
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_network_info"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:textSize="12dp" />
+        <TextView
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
+            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textStyle="bold"
+            android:text="Network Info" />
+        <TextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_network_info"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:textSize="12sp" />
 
-    <Button android:id="@+id/button_migrate_network"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:text="Migrate Network" />
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_migrate_network_state"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:textSize="12dp" />
-</LinearLayout>
+        <Button android:id="@+id/button_migrate_network"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="Migrate Network" />
+        <TextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_migrate_network_state"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:textSize="12sp" />
+
+        <Button android:id="@+id/button_activate_ephemeral_key_mode"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="Activate Ephemeral Key Mode" />
+        <Button android:id="@+id/button_deactivate_ephemeral_key_mode"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="Deactivate Ephemeral Key Mode" />
+
+        <TextView
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
+            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textStyle="bold"
+            android:text="Ephemeral Key State" />
+        <TextView
+            android:id="@+id/text_ephemeral_key_state"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:textSize="12sp" />
+
+        <TextView
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:text="Configuration"
+            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textStyle="bold" />
+        <com.google.android.material.switchmaterial.SwitchMaterial
+            android:id="@+id/switch_nat64"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_weight="1"
+            android:checked="false"
+            android:text="NAT64" />
+
+    </LinearLayout>
+</ScrollView>
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IStateCallback.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IStateCallback.aidl
index 57c365b..d074b01 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IStateCallback.aidl
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IStateCallback.aidl
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@
     void onPartitionIdChanged(long partitionId);
     void onThreadEnableStateChanged(int enabledState);
     void onEphemeralKeyStateChanged(
-            int ephemeralKeyState, @nullable String ephemeralKey, long expiryMillis);
+            int ephemeralKeyState, @nullable String ephemeralKey, long lifetimeMillis);
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java
index 1c25535..0829265 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java
@@ -44,24 +44,48 @@
 @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
 @SystemApi
 public final class ThreadConfiguration implements Parcelable {
+    private final boolean mBorderRouterEnabled;
     private final boolean mNat64Enabled;
     private final boolean mDhcpv6PdEnabled;
 
     private ThreadConfiguration(Builder builder) {
-        this(builder.mNat64Enabled, builder.mDhcpv6PdEnabled);
+        this(builder.mBorderRouterEnabled, builder.mNat64Enabled, builder.mDhcpv6PdEnabled);
     }
 
-    private ThreadConfiguration(boolean nat64Enabled, boolean dhcpv6PdEnabled) {
+    private ThreadConfiguration(
+            boolean borderRouterEnabled, boolean nat64Enabled, boolean dhcpv6PdEnabled) {
+        this.mBorderRouterEnabled = borderRouterEnabled;
         this.mNat64Enabled = nat64Enabled;
         this.mDhcpv6PdEnabled = dhcpv6PdEnabled;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if this device is operating as a Thread Border Router.
+     *
+     * <p>A Thread Border Router works on both Thread and infrastructure networks. For example, it
+     * can route packets between Thread and infrastructure networks (e.g. Wi-Fi or Ethernet), makes
+     * devices in both networks discoverable to each other, and accepts connections from external
+     * commissioner.
+     *
+     * <p>Note it costs significantly more power to operate as a Border Router, so this is typically
+     * only enabled for wired Android devices (e.g. TV or display).
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isBorderRouterEnabled() {
+        return mBorderRouterEnabled;
+    }
+
     /** Returns {@code true} if NAT64 is enabled. */
     public boolean isNat64Enabled() {
         return mNat64Enabled;
     }
 
-    /** Returns {@code true} if DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation is enabled. */
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation is enabled.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     public boolean isDhcpv6PdEnabled() {
         return mDhcpv6PdEnabled;
     }
@@ -74,22 +98,24 @@
             return false;
         } else {
             ThreadConfiguration otherConfig = (ThreadConfiguration) other;
-            return mNat64Enabled == otherConfig.mNat64Enabled
+            return mBorderRouterEnabled == otherConfig.mBorderRouterEnabled
+                    && mNat64Enabled == otherConfig.mNat64Enabled
                     && mDhcpv6PdEnabled == otherConfig.mDhcpv6PdEnabled;
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
-        return Objects.hash(mNat64Enabled, mDhcpv6PdEnabled);
+        return Objects.hash(mBorderRouterEnabled, mNat64Enabled, mDhcpv6PdEnabled);
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         sb.append('{');
-        sb.append("Nat64Enabled=").append(mNat64Enabled);
-        sb.append(", Dhcpv6PdEnabled=").append(mDhcpv6PdEnabled);
+        sb.append("borderRouterEnabled=").append(mBorderRouterEnabled);
+        sb.append(", nat64Enabled=").append(mNat64Enabled);
+        sb.append(", dhcpv6PdEnabled=").append(mDhcpv6PdEnabled);
         sb.append('}');
         return sb.toString();
     }
@@ -101,6 +127,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeBoolean(mBorderRouterEnabled);
         dest.writeBoolean(mNat64Enabled);
         dest.writeBoolean(mDhcpv6PdEnabled);
     }
@@ -110,6 +137,7 @@
                 @Override
                 public ThreadConfiguration createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
                     ThreadConfiguration.Builder builder = new ThreadConfiguration.Builder();
+                    builder.setBorderRouterEnabled(in.readBoolean());
                     builder.setNat64Enabled(in.readBoolean());
                     builder.setDhcpv6PdEnabled(in.readBoolean());
                     return builder.build();
@@ -126,31 +154,65 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_SET_NAT64_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    @SystemApi
     public static final class Builder {
+        // Thread in Android V is default to a Border Router device, so the default value here needs
+        // to be {@code true} to be compatible.
+        private boolean mBorderRouterEnabled = true;
+
         private boolean mNat64Enabled = false;
         private boolean mDhcpv6PdEnabled = false;
 
-        /** Creates a new {@link Builder} object with all features disabled. */
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link Builder} object with all features disabled.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_SET_NAT64_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+        @SystemApi
         public Builder() {}
 
         /**
          * Creates a new {@link Builder} object from a {@link ThreadConfiguration} object.
          *
          * @param config the Border Router configurations to be copied
+         * @hide
          */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_SET_NAT64_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+        @SystemApi
         public Builder(@NonNull ThreadConfiguration config) {
             Objects.requireNonNull(config);
 
+            mBorderRouterEnabled = config.mBorderRouterEnabled;
             mNat64Enabled = config.mNat64Enabled;
             mDhcpv6PdEnabled = config.mDhcpv6PdEnabled;
         }
 
         /**
+         * Enables or disables this device as a Border Router.
+         *
+         * <p>Defaults to {@code true} if this method is not called.
+         *
+         * @see ThreadConfiguration#isBorderRouterEnabled
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setBorderRouterEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+            this.mBorderRouterEnabled = enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Enables or disables NAT64 for the device.
          *
          * <p>Enabling this feature will allow Thread devices to connect to the internet/cloud over
          * IPv4.
+         *
+         * @hide
          */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_SET_NAT64_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setNat64Enabled(boolean enabled) {
             this.mNat64Enabled = enabled;
@@ -162,6 +224,8 @@
          *
          * <p>Enabling this feature will allow Thread devices to connect to the internet/cloud over
          * IPv6.
+         *
+         * @hide
          */
         @NonNull
         public Builder setDhcpv6PdEnabled(boolean enabled) {
@@ -169,7 +233,13 @@
             return this;
         }
 
-        /** Creates a new {@link ThreadConfiguration} object. */
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link ThreadConfiguration} object.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_SET_NAT64_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public ThreadConfiguration build() {
             return new ThreadConfiguration(this);
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
index 1222398..73a6bda 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
          *     0-9 of user-input friendly length (typically 9), or {@code null} if {@code
          *     ephemeralKeyState} is {@link #EPHEMERAL_KEY_DISABLED} or the caller doesn't have the
          *     permission {@link android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED}
-         * @param expiry a timestamp of when the ephemeral key will expireor {@code null} if {@code
+         * @param expiry a timestamp of when the ephemeral key will expire or {@code null} if {@code
          *     ephemeralKeyState} is {@link #EPHEMERAL_KEY_DISABLED}
          */
         @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_EPSKC_ENABLED)
@@ -420,17 +420,14 @@
 
         @Override
         public void onEphemeralKeyStateChanged(
-                @EphemeralKeyState int ephemeralKeyState, String ephemeralKey, long expiryMillis) {
-            if (!Flags.epskcEnabled()) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException(
-                        "This should not be called when Ephemeral key API is disabled");
-            }
-
+                @EphemeralKeyState int ephemeralKeyState,
+                String ephemeralKey,
+                long lifetimeMillis) {
             final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
             final Instant expiry =
                     ephemeralKeyState == EPHEMERAL_KEY_DISABLED
                             ? null
-                            : Instant.ofEpochMilli(expiryMillis);
+                            : Instant.now().plusMillis(lifetimeMillis);
 
             try {
                 mExecutor.execute(
@@ -748,15 +745,19 @@
      * OutcomeReceiver#onResult} will be called, and the {@code configuration} will be applied and
      * persisted to the device; the configuration changes can be observed by {@link
      * #registerConfigurationCallback}. On failure, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onError} of {@code
-     * receiver} will be invoked with a specific error.
+     * receiver} will be invoked with a specific error:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>{@link ThreadNetworkException#ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FEATURE} the configuration enables a
+     *       feature which is not supported by the platform.
+     * </ul>
      *
      * @param configuration the configuration to set
      * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
      * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
-     * @hide
      */
-    // @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
-    // @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_SET_NAT64_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
     public void setConfiguration(
             @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration,
             @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
@@ -907,7 +908,6 @@
 
         for (int i = 0; i < channelMaxPowers.size(); i++) {
             int channel = channelMaxPowers.keyAt(i);
-            int maxPower = channelMaxPowers.get(channel);
 
             if ((channel < ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_MIN_24_GHZ)
                     || (channel > ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_MAX_24_GHZ)) {
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkSpecifier.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkSpecifier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205c16e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkSpecifier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents and identifies a Thread network.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class ThreadNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier implements Parcelable {
+    /** The Extended PAN ID of a Thread network. */
+    @NonNull private final byte[] mExtendedPanId;
+
+    /** The Active Timestamp of a Thread network. */
+    @Nullable private final OperationalDatasetTimestamp mActiveTimestamp;
+
+    private final boolean mRouterEligibleForLeader;
+
+    private ThreadNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull Builder builder) {
+        mExtendedPanId = builder.mExtendedPanId.clone();
+        mActiveTimestamp = builder.mActiveTimestamp;
+        mRouterEligibleForLeader = builder.mRouterEligibleForLeader;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the Extended PAN ID of the Thread network this specifier refers to. */
+    @NonNull
+    public byte[] getExtendedPanId() {
+        return mExtendedPanId.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Active Timestamp of the Thread network this specifier refers to, or {@code null}
+     * if not specified.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public OperationalDatasetTimestamp getActiveTimestamp() {
+        return mActiveTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if this device can be a leader during attachment when there are no
+     * nearby routers.
+     */
+    public boolean isRouterEligibleForLeader() {
+        return mRouterEligibleForLeader;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if both {@link #getExtendedPanId()} and {@link #getActiveTimestamp()}
+     * (if not {@code null}) of the two {@link ThreadNetworkSpecifier} objects are equal.
+     *
+     * <p>Note value of {@link #isRouterEligibleForLeader()} is expiclitly excluded because this is
+     * not part of the identifier.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable NetworkSpecifier other) {
+        if (!(other instanceof ThreadNetworkSpecifier)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ThreadNetworkSpecifier otherSpecifier = (ThreadNetworkSpecifier) other;
+
+        if (mActiveTimestamp != null && !mActiveTimestamp.equals(otherSpecifier.mActiveTimestamp)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return Arrays.equals(mExtendedPanId, otherSpecifier.mExtendedPanId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+        if (!(other instanceof ThreadNetworkSpecifier)) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        ThreadNetworkSpecifier otherSpecifier = (ThreadNetworkSpecifier) other;
+
+        return Arrays.equals(mExtendedPanId, otherSpecifier.mExtendedPanId)
+                && Objects.equals(mActiveTimestamp, otherSpecifier.mActiveTimestamp)
+                && mRouterEligibleForLeader == otherSpecifier.mRouterEligibleForLeader;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return deepHashCode(mExtendedPanId, mActiveTimestamp, mRouterEligibleForLeader);
+    }
+
+    /** An easy-to-use wrapper of {@link Arrays#deepHashCode}. */
+    private static int deepHashCode(Object... values) {
+        return Arrays.deepHashCode(values);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "ThreadNetworkSpecifier{extendedPanId="
+                + HexDump.toHexString(mExtendedPanId)
+                + ", activeTimestamp="
+                + mActiveTimestamp
+                + ", routerEligibleForLeader="
+                + mRouterEligibleForLeader
+                + "}";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeByteArray(mExtendedPanId);
+        dest.writeByteArray(mActiveTimestamp != null ? mActiveTimestamp.toTlvValue() : null);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mRouterEligibleForLeader);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Parcelable.Creator<ThreadNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<ThreadNetworkSpecifier>() {
+                @Override
+                public ThreadNetworkSpecifier createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    byte[] extendedPanId = in.createByteArray();
+                    byte[] activeTimestampBytes = in.createByteArray();
+                    OperationalDatasetTimestamp activeTimestamp =
+                            (activeTimestampBytes != null)
+                                    ? OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromTlvValue(activeTimestampBytes)
+                                    : null;
+                    boolean routerEligibleForLeader = in.readBoolean();
+
+                    return new Builder(extendedPanId)
+                            .setActiveTimestamp(activeTimestamp)
+                            .setRouterEligibleForLeader(routerEligibleForLeader)
+                            .build();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public ThreadNetworkSpecifier[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new ThreadNetworkSpecifier[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    /** The builder for creating {@link ActiveOperationalDataset} objects. */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        @NonNull private final byte[] mExtendedPanId;
+        @Nullable private OperationalDatasetTimestamp mActiveTimestamp;
+        private boolean mRouterEligibleForLeader;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link Builder} object with given Extended PAN ID.
+         *
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code extendedPanId} is {@code null} or the length
+         *     is not {@link ActiveOperationalDataset#LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID}
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull byte[] extendedPanId) {
+            if (extendedPanId == null || extendedPanId.length != LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "extendedPanId is null or length is not "
+                                + LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID
+                                + ": "
+                                + Arrays.toString(extendedPanId));
+            }
+            mExtendedPanId = extendedPanId.clone();
+            mRouterEligibleForLeader = false;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link Builder} object by copying the data in the given {@code specifier}
+         * object.
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull ThreadNetworkSpecifier specifier) {
+            this(specifier.getExtendedPanId());
+            setActiveTimestamp(specifier.getActiveTimestamp());
+            setRouterEligibleForLeader(specifier.isRouterEligibleForLeader());
+        }
+
+        /** Sets the Active Timestamp of the Thread network. */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setActiveTimestamp(@Nullable OperationalDatasetTimestamp activeTimestamp) {
+            mActiveTimestamp = activeTimestamp;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets whether this device should be a leader during attachment when there are no nearby
+         * routers.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRouterEligibleForLeader(boolean eligible) {
+            mRouterEligibleForLeader = eligible;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /** Creates a new {@link ThreadNetworkSpecifier} object from values set so far. */
+        @NonNull
+        public ThreadNetworkSpecifier build() {
+            return new ThreadNetworkSpecifier(this);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/FeatureFlags.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/FeatureFlags.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29bcedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/FeatureFlags.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.thread;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+
+public class FeatureFlags {
+    // The namespace for Thread Network feature flags
+    private static final String NAMESPACE_THREAD_NETWORK = "thread_network";
+
+    // The prefix for TREL feature flags
+    private static final String TREL_FEATURE_PREFIX = "TrelFeature__";
+
+    // The feature flag for TREL enabled state
+    private static final String TREL_ENABLED_FLAG = TREL_FEATURE_PREFIX + "enabled";
+
+    private static boolean isFeatureEnabled(String flag, boolean defaultValue) {
+        return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyBoolean(
+                NAMESPACE_THREAD_NETWORK, flag, defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isTrelEnabled() {
+        return isFeatureEnabled(TREL_ENABLED_FLAG, false);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index 3d854d7..c55096b 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.CONFIG_FORWARD_NONE;
 import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_SELECTED;
 import static android.net.MulticastRoutingConfig.FORWARD_WITH_MIN_SCOPE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD;
 import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.CHANNEL_PAGE_24_GHZ;
 import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID;
 import static android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.LENGTH_MESH_LOCAL_PREFIX_BITS;
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.LocalNetworkConfig;
 import android.net.LocalNetworkInfo;
@@ -120,6 +123,8 @@
 
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IIpv4PrefixRequest;
+import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.ServiceManagerWrapper;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
@@ -141,6 +146,7 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.time.Clock;
 import java.time.DateTimeException;
@@ -193,10 +199,12 @@
     private final NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
     private final Supplier<IOtDaemon> mOtDaemonSupplier;
     private final ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    private final RoutingCoordinatorManager mRoutingCoordinatorManager;
     private final TunInterfaceController mTunIfController;
     private final InfraInterfaceController mInfraIfController;
     private final NsdPublisher mNsdPublisher;
     private final OtDaemonCallbackProxy mOtDaemonCallbackProxy = new OtDaemonCallbackProxy();
+    private final Nat64CidrController mNat64CidrController = new Nat64CidrController();
     private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
     private final Supplier<String> mCountryCodeSupplier;
     private final Map<IConfigurationReceiver, IBinder.DeathRecipient> mConfigurationReceivers =
@@ -214,13 +222,13 @@
     private NetworkRequest mUpstreamNetworkRequest;
     private UpstreamNetworkCallback mUpstreamNetworkCallback;
     private TestNetworkSpecifier mUpstreamTestNetworkSpecifier;
+    private ThreadNetworkCallback mThreadNetworkCallback;
     private final Map<Network, LinkProperties> mNetworkToLinkProperties;
     private final ThreadPersistentSettings mPersistentSettings;
     private final UserManager mUserManager;
     private boolean mUserRestricted;
     private boolean mForceStopOtDaemonEnabled;
 
-    private OtDaemonConfiguration mOtDaemonConfig;
     private InfraLinkState mInfraLinkState;
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -230,6 +238,7 @@
             NetworkProvider networkProvider,
             Supplier<IOtDaemon> otDaemonSupplier,
             ConnectivityManager connectivityManager,
+            RoutingCoordinatorManager routingCoordinatorManager,
             TunInterfaceController tunIfController,
             InfraInterfaceController infraIfController,
             ThreadPersistentSettings persistentSettings,
@@ -243,13 +252,13 @@
         mNetworkProvider = networkProvider;
         mOtDaemonSupplier = otDaemonSupplier;
         mConnectivityManager = connectivityManager;
+        mRoutingCoordinatorManager = routingCoordinatorManager;
         mTunIfController = tunIfController;
         mInfraIfController = infraIfController;
         mUpstreamNetworkRequest = newUpstreamNetworkRequest();
         // TODO: networkToLinkProperties should be shared with NsdPublisher, add a test/assert to
         // verify they are the same.
         mNetworkToLinkProperties = networkToLinkProperties;
-        mOtDaemonConfig = new OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder().build();
         mInfraLinkState = new InfraLinkState.Builder().build();
         mPersistentSettings = persistentSettings;
         mNsdPublisher = nsdPublisher;
@@ -268,13 +277,19 @@
         NetworkProvider networkProvider =
                 new NetworkProvider(context, handlerThread.getLooper(), "ThreadNetworkProvider");
         Map<Network, LinkProperties> networkToLinkProperties = new HashMap<>();
+        final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager =
+                context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        final RoutingCoordinatorManager routingCoordinatorManager =
+                new RoutingCoordinatorManager(
+                        context, connectivityManager.getRoutingCoordinatorService());
 
         return new ThreadNetworkControllerService(
                 context,
                 handler,
                 networkProvider,
                 () -> IOtDaemon.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManagerWrapper.waitForService("ot_daemon")),
-                context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class),
+                connectivityManager,
+                routingCoordinatorManager,
                 new TunInterfaceController(TUN_IF_NAME),
                 new InfraInterfaceController(),
                 persistentSettings,
@@ -301,14 +316,6 @@
                 .build();
     }
 
-    private LocalNetworkConfig newLocalNetworkConfig() {
-        return new LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
-                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)
-                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)
-                .setUpstreamSelector(mUpstreamNetworkRequest)
-                .build();
-    }
-
     private void maybeInitializeOtDaemon() {
         if (!shouldEnableThread()) {
             return;
@@ -344,14 +351,17 @@
         }
 
         otDaemon.initialize(
-                mTunIfController.getTunFd(),
                 shouldEnableThread(),
+                newOtDaemonConfig(mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()),
+                mTunIfController.getTunFd(),
                 mNsdPublisher,
                 getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources.get()),
-                mOtDaemonCallbackProxy,
-                mCountryCodeSupplier.get());
+                mCountryCodeSupplier.get(),
+                FeatureFlags.isTrelEnabled(),
+                mOtDaemonCallbackProxy);
         otDaemon.asBinder().linkToDeath(() -> mHandler.post(this::onOtDaemonDied), 0);
         mOtDaemon = otDaemon;
+        mHandler.post(mNat64CidrController::maybeUpdateNat64Cidr);
         return mOtDaemon;
     }
 
@@ -445,24 +455,32 @@
     }
 
     public void initialize() {
-        mHandler.post(
-                () -> {
-                    LOG.v(
-                            "Initializing Thread system service: Thread is "
-                                    + (shouldEnableThread() ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
-                    try {
-                        mTunIfController.createTunInterface();
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        throw new IllegalStateException(
-                                "Failed to create Thread tunnel interface", e);
-                    }
-                    mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkProvider(mNetworkProvider);
-                    requestUpstreamNetwork();
-                    registerThreadNetworkCallback();
-                    mUserRestricted = isThreadUserRestricted();
-                    registerUserRestrictionsReceiver();
-                    maybeInitializeOtDaemon();
-                });
+        mHandler.post(() -> initializeInternal());
+    }
+
+    private void initializeInternal() {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        LOG.v(
+                "Initializing Thread system service: Thread is "
+                        + (shouldEnableThread() ? "enabled" : "disabled"));
+        try {
+            mTunIfController.createTunInterface();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create Thread tunnel interface", e);
+        }
+        mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkProvider(mNetworkProvider);
+        mUserRestricted = isThreadUserRestricted();
+        registerUserRestrictionsReceiver();
+
+        if (isBorderRouterMode()) {
+            requestUpstreamNetwork();
+            registerThreadNetworkCallback();
+        } else {
+            cancelRequestUpstreamNetwork();
+            unregisterThreadNetworkCallback();
+        }
+        maybeInitializeOtDaemon();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -556,22 +574,34 @@
     public void setConfiguration(
             @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
         enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
-        mHandler.post(() -> setConfigurationInternal(configuration, receiver));
+        mHandler.post(
+                () ->
+                        setConfigurationInternal(
+                                configuration, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver)));
     }
 
     private void setConfigurationInternal(
             @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration,
-            @NonNull IOperationReceiver operationReceiver) {
+            @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
         checkOnHandlerThread();
 
         LOG.i("Set Thread configuration: " + configuration);
 
         final boolean changed = mPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
-        try {
-            operationReceiver.onSuccess();
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            // do nothing if the client is dead
+
+        if (changed) {
+            if (isBorderRouterMode()) {
+                requestUpstreamNetwork();
+                registerThreadNetworkCallback();
+            } else {
+                cancelRequestUpstreamNetwork();
+                unregisterThreadNetworkCallback();
+                disableBorderRouting();
+            }
         }
+
+        receiver.onSuccess();
+
         if (changed) {
             for (IConfigurationReceiver configReceiver : mConfigurationReceivers.keySet()) {
                 try {
@@ -581,7 +611,30 @@
                 }
             }
         }
-        // TODO: set the configuration at ot-daemon
+
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon()
+                    .setConfiguration(
+                            newOtDaemonConfig(configuration),
+                            new LoggingOtStatusReceiver("setConfiguration"));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            LOG.e("otDaemon.setConfiguration failed. Config: " + configuration, e);
+        }
+        mNat64CidrController.maybeUpdateNat64Cidr();
+    }
+
+    private static OtDaemonConfiguration newOtDaemonConfig(
+            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration threadConfig) {
+        return new OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setBorderRouterEnabled(threadConfig.isBorderRouterEnabled())
+                .setNat64Enabled(threadConfig.isNat64Enabled())
+                .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(threadConfig.isDhcpv6PdEnabled())
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if this device is operating as a border router. */
+    private boolean isBorderRouterMode() {
+        return mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration().isBorderRouterEnabled();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -690,7 +743,7 @@
 
     private void requestUpstreamNetwork() {
         if (mUpstreamNetworkCallback != null) {
-            throw new AssertionError("The upstream network request is already there.");
+            return;
         }
         mUpstreamNetworkCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback();
         mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(
@@ -699,7 +752,7 @@
 
     private void cancelRequestUpstreamNetwork() {
         if (mUpstreamNetworkCallback == null) {
-            throw new AssertionError("The upstream network request null.");
+            return;
         }
         mNetworkToLinkProperties.clear();
         mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(mUpstreamNetworkCallback);
@@ -764,33 +817,43 @@
                             + ", localNetworkInfo: "
                             + localNetworkInfo
                             + "}");
-            if (localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork() == null) {
+            mUpstreamNetwork = localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork();
+            if (mUpstreamNetwork == null) {
                 setInfraLinkState(newInfraLinkStateBuilder().build());
                 return;
             }
-            if (!localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork().equals(mUpstreamNetwork)) {
-                mUpstreamNetwork = localNetworkInfo.getUpstreamNetwork();
-                if (mNetworkToLinkProperties.containsKey(mUpstreamNetwork)) {
-                    setInfraLinkState(
-                            newInfraLinkStateBuilder(mNetworkToLinkProperties.get(mUpstreamNetwork))
-                                    .build());
-                }
-                mNsdPublisher.setNetworkForHostResolution(mUpstreamNetwork);
+            if (mNetworkToLinkProperties.containsKey(mUpstreamNetwork)) {
+                setInfraLinkState(
+                        newInfraLinkStateBuilder(mNetworkToLinkProperties.get(mUpstreamNetwork))
+                                .build());
             }
+            mNsdPublisher.setNetworkForHostResolution(mUpstreamNetwork);
         }
     }
 
     private void registerThreadNetworkCallback() {
-        mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(
+        if (mThreadNetworkCallback != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mThreadNetworkCallback = new ThreadNetworkCallback();
+        NetworkRequest request =
                 new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                         // clearCapabilities() is needed to remove forbidden capabilities and UID
                         // requirement.
                         .clearCapabilities()
-                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_THREAD)
                         .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
-                        .build(),
-                new ThreadNetworkCallback(),
-                mHandler);
+                        .build();
+        mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkCallback(request, mThreadNetworkCallback, mHandler);
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterThreadNetworkCallback() {
+        if (mThreadNetworkCallback == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(mThreadNetworkCallback);
+        mThreadNetworkCallback = null;
     }
 
     /** Injects a {@link NetworkAgent} for testing. */
@@ -804,27 +867,46 @@
             return mTestNetworkAgent;
         }
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities netCaps =
+        final var netCapsBuilder =
                 new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
-                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_THREAD)
                         .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
-                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
-                        .build();
-        final NetworkScore score =
-                new NetworkScore.Builder()
-                        .setKeepConnectedReason(NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK)
-                        .build();
+                        .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        final var scoreBuilder = new NetworkScore.Builder();
+
+        if (isBorderRouterMode()) {
+            netCapsBuilder.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+            scoreBuilder.setKeepConnectedReason(NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_LOCAL_NETWORK);
+        }
+
         return new NetworkAgent(
                 mContext,
                 mHandler.getLooper(),
                 LOG.getTag(),
-                netCaps,
-                mTunIfController.getLinkProperties(),
-                newLocalNetworkConfig(),
-                score,
+                netCapsBuilder.build(),
+                getTunIfLinkProperties(),
+                isBorderRouterMode() ? newLocalNetworkConfig() : null,
+                scoreBuilder.build(),
                 new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build(),
-                mNetworkProvider) {};
+                mNetworkProvider) {
+
+            // TODO(b/374037595): use NetworkFactory to handle dynamic network requests
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkUnwanted() {
+                LOG.i("Thread network is unwanted by ConnectivityService");
+                if (!isBorderRouterMode()) {
+                    leave(false /* eraseDataset */, new LoggingOperationReceiver("leave"));
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private LocalNetworkConfig newLocalNetworkConfig() {
+        return new LocalNetworkConfig.Builder()
+                .setUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(mUpstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)
+                .setDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig(mDownstreamMulticastRoutingConfig)
+                .setUpstreamSelector(mUpstreamNetworkRequest)
+                .build();
     }
 
     private void registerThreadNetwork() {
@@ -870,6 +952,12 @@
             long lifetimeMillis, OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
         checkOnHandlerThread();
 
+        if (!isBorderRouterMode()) {
+            receiver.onError(
+                    ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION, "This device is not configured a Border Router");
+            return;
+        }
+
         try {
             getOtDaemon().activateEphemeralKeyMode(lifetimeMillis, newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
         } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
@@ -889,6 +977,12 @@
     private void deactivateEphemeralKeyModeInternal(OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
         checkOnHandlerThread();
 
+        if (!isBorderRouterMode()) {
+            receiver.onError(
+                    ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION, "This device is not configured a Border Router");
+            return;
+        }
+
         try {
             getOtDaemon().deactivateEphemeralKeyMode(newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
         } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
@@ -1202,16 +1296,20 @@
 
     @Override
     public void leave(@NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
-        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
-
-        mHandler.post(() -> leaveInternal(new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver)));
+        leave(true /* eraseDataset */, receiver);
     }
 
-    private void leaveInternal(@NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
+    private void leave(boolean eraseDataset, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+
+        mHandler.post(() -> leaveInternal(eraseDataset, new OperationReceiverWrapper(receiver)));
+    }
+
+    private void leaveInternal(boolean eraseDataset, @NonNull OperationReceiverWrapper receiver) {
         checkOnHandlerThread();
 
         try {
-            getOtDaemon().leave(newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
+            getOtDaemon().leave(eraseDataset, newOtStatusReceiver(receiver));
         } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
             LOG.e("otDaemon.leave failed", e);
             receiver.onError(e);
@@ -1308,13 +1406,13 @@
     }
 
     private void setInfraLinkState(InfraLinkState newInfraLinkState) {
-        if (mInfraLinkState.equals(newInfraLinkState)) {
+        if (Objects.equals(mInfraLinkState, newInfraLinkState)) {
             return;
         }
         LOG.i("Infra link state changed: " + mInfraLinkState + " -> " + newInfraLinkState);
-
         setInfraLinkInterfaceName(newInfraLinkState.interfaceName);
         setInfraLinkNat64Prefix(newInfraLinkState.nat64Prefix);
+        setInfraLinkDnsServers(newInfraLinkState.dnsServers);
         mInfraLinkState = newInfraLinkState;
     }
 
@@ -1342,7 +1440,7 @@
     }
 
     private void setInfraLinkNat64Prefix(@Nullable String newNat64Prefix) {
-        if (Objects.equals(mInfraLinkState.nat64Prefix, newNat64Prefix)) {
+        if (Objects.equals(newNat64Prefix, mInfraLinkState.nat64Prefix)) {
             return;
         }
         try {
@@ -1354,6 +1452,24 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void setInfraLinkDnsServers(List<String> newDnsServers) {
+        if (Objects.equals(newDnsServers, mInfraLinkState.dnsServers)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            getOtDaemon()
+                    .setInfraLinkDnsServers(
+                            newDnsServers, new LoggingOtStatusReceiver("setInfraLinkDnsServers"));
+        } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+            LOG.e("Failed to set infra link DNS servers " + newDnsServers, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void disableBorderRouting() {
+        LOG.i("Disabling border routing");
+        setInfraLinkState(newInfraLinkStateBuilder().build());
+    }
+
     private void handleThreadInterfaceStateChanged(boolean isUp) {
         try {
             mTunIfController.setInterfaceUp(isUp);
@@ -1386,9 +1502,7 @@
 
         // The OT daemon can send link property updates before the networkAgent is
         // registered
-        if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
-            mNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(mTunIfController.getLinkProperties());
-        }
+        maybeSendLinkProperties();
     }
 
     private void handlePrefixChanged(List<OnMeshPrefixConfig> onMeshPrefixConfigList) {
@@ -1398,9 +1512,18 @@
 
         // The OT daemon can send link property updates before the networkAgent is
         // registered
-        if (mNetworkAgent != null) {
-            mNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(mTunIfController.getLinkProperties());
+        maybeSendLinkProperties();
+    }
+
+    private void maybeSendLinkProperties() {
+        if (mNetworkAgent == null) {
+            return;
         }
+        mNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(getTunIfLinkProperties());
+    }
+
+    private LinkProperties getTunIfLinkProperties() {
+        return mTunIfController.getLinkPropertiesWithNat64Cidr(mNat64CidrController.mNat64Cidr);
     }
 
     @RequiresPermission(
@@ -1477,11 +1600,6 @@
         return builder.build();
     }
 
-    private static OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder newOtDaemonConfigBuilder(
-            OtDaemonConfiguration config) {
-        return new OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder();
-    }
-
     private static InfraLinkState.Builder newInfraLinkStateBuilder() {
         return new InfraLinkState.Builder().setInterfaceName("");
     }
@@ -1497,7 +1615,17 @@
         }
         return new InfraLinkState.Builder()
                 .setInterfaceName(linkProperties.getInterfaceName())
-                .setNat64Prefix(nat64Prefix);
+                .setNat64Prefix(nat64Prefix)
+                .setDnsServers(addressesToStrings(linkProperties.getDnsServers()));
+    }
+
+    private static List<String> addressesToStrings(List<InetAddress> addresses) {
+        List<String> strings = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (InetAddress address : addresses) {
+            strings.add(address.getHostAddress());
+        }
+        return strings;
     }
 
     private static final class CallbackMetadata {
@@ -1525,6 +1653,25 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /** An implementation of {@link IOperationReceiver} that simply logs the operation result. */
+    private static class LoggingOperationReceiver extends IOperationReceiver.Stub {
+        private final String mOperation;
+
+        LoggingOperationReceiver(String operation) {
+            mOperation = operation;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess() {
+            LOG.i("The operation " + mOperation + " succeeded");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int errorCode, String errorMessage) {
+            LOG.w("The operation " + mOperation + " failed: " + errorCode + " " + errorMessage);
+        }
+    }
+
     private static class LoggingOtStatusReceiver extends IOtStatusReceiver.Stub {
         private final String mAction;
 
@@ -1647,6 +1794,7 @@
                     // do nothing if the client is dead
                 }
             }
+            mInfraLinkState = newInfraLinkStateBuilder().build();
         }
 
         private void onThreadEnabledChanged(int state, long listenerId) {
@@ -1787,7 +1935,7 @@
                             .onEphemeralKeyStateChanged(
                                     newState.ephemeralKeyState,
                                     passcode,
-                                    newState.ephemeralKeyExpiryMillis);
+                                    newState.ephemeralKeyLifetimeMillis);
                 } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
                     // do nothing if the client is dead
                 }
@@ -1800,7 +1948,7 @@
             if (oldState.ephemeralKeyState != newState.ephemeralKeyState) return true;
             if (oldState.ephemeralKeyState == EPHEMERAL_KEY_DISABLED) return false;
             return (!Objects.equals(oldState.ephemeralKeyPasscode, newState.ephemeralKeyPasscode)
-                    || oldState.ephemeralKeyExpiryMillis != newState.ephemeralKeyExpiryMillis);
+                    || oldState.ephemeralKeyLifetimeMillis != newState.ephemeralKeyLifetimeMillis);
         }
 
         private void onActiveOperationalDatasetChanged(
@@ -1851,4 +1999,64 @@
             mHandler.post(() -> handlePrefixChanged(onMeshPrefixConfigList));
         }
     }
+
+    private final class Nat64CidrController extends IIpv4PrefixRequest.Stub {
+        private static final int RETRY_DELAY_ON_FAILURE_MILLIS = 600_000; // 10 minutes
+
+        @Nullable private LinkAddress mNat64Cidr;
+
+        @Override
+        public void onIpv4PrefixConflict(IpPrefix prefix) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> onIpv4PrefixConflictInternal(prefix));
+        }
+
+        private void onIpv4PrefixConflictInternal(IpPrefix prefix) {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+            LOG.i("Conflict on NAT64 CIDR: " + prefix);
+            maybeReleaseNat64Cidr();
+            maybeUpdateNat64Cidr();
+        }
+
+        public void maybeUpdateNat64Cidr() {
+            checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+            if (mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration().isNat64Enabled()) {
+                maybeRequestNat64Cidr();
+            } else {
+                maybeReleaseNat64Cidr();
+            }
+            try {
+                getOtDaemon()
+                        .setNat64Cidr(
+                                mNat64Cidr == null ? null : mNat64Cidr.toString(),
+                                new LoggingOtStatusReceiver("setNat64Cidr"));
+            } catch (RemoteException | ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                LOG.e("Failed to set NAT64 CIDR at otd-daemon", e);
+            }
+            maybeSendLinkProperties();
+        }
+
+        private void maybeRequestNat64Cidr() {
+            if (mNat64Cidr != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            final LinkAddress downstreamAddress =
+                    mRoutingCoordinatorManager.requestDownstreamAddress(this);
+            if (downstreamAddress == null) {
+                mHandler.postDelayed(() -> maybeUpdateNat64Cidr(), RETRY_DELAY_ON_FAILURE_MILLIS);
+            }
+            mNat64Cidr = downstreamAddress;
+            LOG.i("Allocated NAT64 CIDR: " + mNat64Cidr);
+        }
+
+        private void maybeReleaseNat64Cidr() {
+            if (mNat64Cidr == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            LOG.i("Released NAT64 CIDR: " + mNat64Cidr);
+            mNat64Cidr = null;
+            mRoutingCoordinatorManager.releaseDownstream(this);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommand.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommand.java
index 1eddebf..18ab1ca 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommand.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommand.java
@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.IConfigurationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOutputReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Process;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@
     private static final Duration MIGRATE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
     private static final Duration FORCE_STOP_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
     private static final Duration OT_CTL_COMMAND_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(5);
+    private static final Duration CONFIG_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
     private static final String PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING =
             "android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING";
 
@@ -118,6 +121,8 @@
         pw.println("    Sets country code to <two-letter code> or left for normal value");
         pw.println("  ot-ctl <subcommand>");
         pw.println("    Runs ot-ctl command");
+        pw.println("  config [name] [value]");
+        pw.println("    Gets the config or sets the value for a config entry");
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -132,6 +137,8 @@
                 return setThreadEnabled(true);
             case "disable":
                 return setThreadEnabled(false);
+            case "config":
+                return handleConfigCommand();
             case "join":
                 return join();
             case "leave":
@@ -261,6 +268,69 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
+    private int handleConfigCommand() {
+        ensureTestingPermission();
+
+        // Get config
+        if (peekNextArg() == null) {
+            try {
+                final ThreadConfiguration config = getConfig();
+                getOutputWriter().println("Thread configuration = " + config);
+            } catch (AssertionError e) {
+                getErrorWriter().println("Failed: " + e.getMessage());
+                return -1;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // Set config
+        final String name = getNextArg();
+        final String value = getNextArg();
+        try {
+            setConfig(name, value);
+        } catch (AssertionError | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            getErrorWriter().println(e.getMessage());
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private ThreadConfiguration getConfig() throws AssertionError {
+        final CompletableFuture<ThreadConfiguration> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        mControllerService.registerConfigurationCallback(
+                new IConfigurationReceiver.Stub() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onConfigurationChanged(ThreadConfiguration config) {
+                        future.complete(config);
+                    }
+                });
+        try {
+            return future.get(CONFIG_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException | TimeoutException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Failed to get config within timeout", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setConfig(String name, String value)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException, AssertionError {
+        if (name == null || value == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Invalid config name = " + name + ", value=" + value);
+        }
+        final ThreadConfiguration oldConfig = getConfig();
+        final ThreadConfiguration.Builder newConfigBuilder =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(oldConfig);
+        switch (name) {
+            case "br" -> newConfigBuilder.setBorderRouterEnabled(argEnabledOrDisabled(value));
+            case "nat64" -> newConfigBuilder.setNat64Enabled(argEnabledOrDisabled(value));
+            case "pd" -> newConfigBuilder.setDhcpv6PdEnabled(argEnabledOrDisabled(value));
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid config name: " + name);
+        }
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture();
+        mControllerService.setConfiguration(newConfigBuilder.build(), newOperationReceiver(future));
+        waitForFuture(future, CONFIG_TIMEOUT, mErrorWriter);
+    }
+
     private static final class OutputReceiver extends IOutputReceiver.Stub {
         private final CompletableFuture<Void> future;
         private final PrintWriter outputWriter;
@@ -359,6 +429,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static boolean argEnabledOrDisabled(String arg) {
+        return argTrueOrFalse(arg, "enabled", "disabled");
+    }
+
     private boolean getNextArgRequiredTrueOrFalse(String trueString, String falseString) {
         String nextArg = getNextArgRequired();
         return argTrueOrFalse(nextArg, trueString, falseString);
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
index fc18ef9..746b587 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
@@ -77,6 +77,13 @@
     /** Stores the Thread country code, null if no country code is stored. */
     public static final Key<String> THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE = new Key<>("thread_country_code", null);
 
+    /**
+     * Saves the boolean flag for border router being enabled. The value defaults to {@code true} if
+     * this config is missing.
+     */
+    private static final Key<Boolean> CONFIG_BORDER_ROUTER_ENABLED =
+            new Key<>("config_border_router_enabled", true);
+
     /** Stores the Thread NAT64 feature toggle state, true for enabled and false for disabled. */
     private static final Key<Boolean> CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED =
             new Key<>("config_nat64_enabled", false);
@@ -197,6 +204,7 @@
         if (getConfiguration().equals(configuration)) {
             return false;
         }
+        putObject(CONFIG_BORDER_ROUTER_ENABLED.key, configuration.isBorderRouterEnabled());
         putObject(CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED.key, configuration.isNat64Enabled());
         putObject(CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED.key, configuration.isDhcpv6PdEnabled());
         writeToStoreFile();
@@ -206,6 +214,7 @@
     /** Retrieve the {@link ThreadConfiguration} from the persistent settings. */
     public ThreadConfiguration getConfiguration() {
         return new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setBorderRouterEnabled(get(CONFIG_BORDER_ROUTER_ENABLED))
                 .setNat64Enabled(get(CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED))
                 .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(get(CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED))
                 .build();
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
index 85a0371..520a434 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/TunInterfaceController.java
@@ -92,8 +92,19 @@
     }
 
     /** Returns link properties of the Thread TUN interface. */
-    public LinkProperties getLinkProperties() {
-        return mLinkProperties;
+    private LinkProperties getLinkProperties() {
+        return new LinkProperties(mLinkProperties);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns link properties of the Thread TUN interface with the given NAT64 CIDR. */
+    // TODO: manage the NAT64 CIDR in the TunInterfaceController
+    public LinkProperties getLinkPropertiesWithNat64Cidr(@Nullable LinkAddress nat64Cidr) {
+        final LinkProperties lp = getLinkProperties();
+        if (nat64Cidr != null) {
+            lp.addLinkAddress(nat64Cidr);
+            lp.addRoute(getRouteForAddress(nat64Cidr));
+        }
+        return lp;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -148,6 +159,9 @@
 
     /** Adds a new address to the interface. */
     public void addAddress(LinkAddress address) {
+        if (!(address.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address)) {
+            return;
+        }
         LOG.v("Adding address " + address + " with flags: " + address.getFlags());
 
         long preferredLifetimeSeconds;
@@ -172,7 +186,7 @@
                             (address.getExpirationTime() - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()) / 1000L,
                             0L);
         }
-
+        // Only apply to Ipv6 address
         if (!NetlinkUtils.sendRtmNewAddressRequest(
                 Os.if_nametoindex(mIfName),
                 address.getAddress(),
@@ -190,6 +204,9 @@
 
     /** Removes an address from the interface. */
     public void removeAddress(LinkAddress address) {
+        if (!(address.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address)) {
+            return;
+        }
         LOG.v("Removing address " + address);
 
         // Intentionally update the mLinkProperties before send netlink message because the
@@ -197,6 +214,7 @@
         // when the netlink request below fails
         mLinkProperties.removeLinkAddress(address);
         mLinkProperties.removeRoute(getRouteForAddress(address));
+        // Only apply to Ipv6 address
         if (!NetlinkUtils.sendRtmDelAddressRequest(
                 Os.if_nametoindex(mIfName),
                 (Inet6Address) address.getAddress(),
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadConfigurationTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadConfigurationTest.java
index 386412e..e2f0e47 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadConfigurationTest.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 public final class ThreadConfigurationTest {
     @Rule public final ThreadFeatureCheckerRule mThreadRule = new ThreadFeatureCheckerRule();
 
+    public final boolean mIsBorderRouterEnabled;
     public final boolean mIsNat64Enabled;
     public final boolean mIsDhcpv6PdEnabled;
 
@@ -48,14 +49,16 @@
     public static Collection configArguments() {
         return Arrays.asList(
                 new Object[][] {
-                    {false, false}, // All disabled
-                    {true, false}, // NAT64 enabled
-                    {false, true}, // DHCP6-PD enabled
-                    {true, true}, // All enabled
+                    {false, false, false}, // All disabled
+                    {false, true, false}, // NAT64 enabled
+                    {false, false, true}, // DHCP6-PD enabled
+                    {true, true, true}, // All enabled
                 });
     }
 
-    public ThreadConfigurationTest(boolean isNat64Enabled, boolean isDhcpv6PdEnabled) {
+    public ThreadConfigurationTest(
+            boolean isBorderRouterEnabled, boolean isNat64Enabled, boolean isDhcpv6PdEnabled) {
+        mIsBorderRouterEnabled = isBorderRouterEnabled;
         mIsNat64Enabled = isNat64Enabled;
         mIsDhcpv6PdEnabled = isDhcpv6PdEnabled;
     }
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@
     public void parcelable_parcelingIsLossLess() {
         ThreadConfiguration config =
                 new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setBorderRouterEnabled(mIsBorderRouterEnabled)
                         .setNat64Enabled(mIsNat64Enabled)
                         .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(mIsDhcpv6PdEnabled)
                         .build();
@@ -74,10 +78,12 @@
     public void builder_correctValuesAreSet() {
         ThreadConfiguration config =
                 new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setBorderRouterEnabled(mIsBorderRouterEnabled)
                         .setNat64Enabled(mIsNat64Enabled)
                         .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(mIsDhcpv6PdEnabled)
                         .build();
 
+        assertThat(config.isBorderRouterEnabled()).isEqualTo(mIsBorderRouterEnabled);
         assertThat(config.isNat64Enabled()).isEqualTo(mIsNat64Enabled);
         assertThat(config.isDhcpv6PdEnabled()).isEqualTo(mIsDhcpv6PdEnabled);
     }
@@ -86,6 +92,7 @@
     public void builderConstructor_configsAreEqual() {
         ThreadConfiguration config1 =
                 new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setBorderRouterEnabled(mIsBorderRouterEnabled)
                         .setNat64Enabled(mIsNat64Enabled)
                         .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(mIsDhcpv6PdEnabled)
                         .build();
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
index 1792bfb..2d487ca 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         dropAllPermissions();
+        setEnabledAndWait(mController, true);
         leaveAndWait(mController);
         tearDownTestNetwork();
         setConfigurationAndWait(mController, DEFAULT_CONFIG);
@@ -921,6 +922,27 @@
 
     @Test
     @RequiresFlagsEnabled({Flags.FLAG_EPSKC_ENABLED})
+    public void activateEphemeralKeyMode_notBorderRouter_failsWithFailedPrecondition()
+            throws Exception {
+        setConfigurationAndWait(
+                mController,
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setBorderRouterEnabled(false).build());
+        grantPermissions(THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        mController.activateEphemeralKeyMode(
+                Duration.ofSeconds(1), mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(future));
+
+        var thrown =
+                assertThrows(
+                        ExecutionException.class,
+                        () -> future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS));
+        var threadException = (ThreadNetworkException) thrown.getCause();
+        assertThat(threadException.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresFlagsEnabled({Flags.FLAG_EPSKC_ENABLED})
     public void deactivateEphemeralKeyMode_withoutPrivilegedPermission_throwsSecurityException()
             throws Exception {
         dropAllPermissions();
@@ -932,6 +954,26 @@
 
     @Test
     @RequiresFlagsEnabled({Flags.FLAG_EPSKC_ENABLED})
+    public void deactivateEphemeralKeyMode_notBorderRouter_failsWithFailedPrecondition()
+            throws Exception {
+        setConfigurationAndWait(
+                mController,
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setBorderRouterEnabled(false).build());
+        grantPermissions(THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        mController.deactivateEphemeralKeyMode(mExecutor, newOutcomeReceiver(future));
+
+        var thrown =
+                assertThrows(
+                        ExecutionException.class,
+                        () -> future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS));
+        var threadException = (ThreadNetworkException) thrown.getCause();
+        assertThat(threadException.getErrorCode()).isEqualTo(ERROR_FAILED_PRECONDITION);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @RequiresFlagsEnabled({Flags.FLAG_EPSKC_ENABLED})
     public void subscribeEpskcState_permissionsGranted_returnsCurrentState() throws Exception {
         CompletableFuture<Integer> stateFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
         CompletableFuture<String> ephemeralKeyFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
@@ -1042,7 +1084,9 @@
                     listener2.expectThreadEphemeralKeyMode(EPHEMERAL_KEY_ENABLED);
 
             assertThat(epskc2.getSecond()).isEqualTo(epskc1.getSecond());
-            assertThat(epskc2.getThird()).isEqualTo(epskc1.getThird());
+            // allow time precision loss of a second since the value is passed via IPC
+            assertThat(epskc2.getThird()).isGreaterThan(epskc1.getThird().minusSeconds(1));
+            assertThat(epskc2.getThird()).isLessThan(epskc1.getThird().plusSeconds(1));
         } finally {
             listener2.unregisterStateCallback();
         }
@@ -1149,13 +1193,13 @@
         ConfigurationListener listener = new ConfigurationListener(mController);
         ThreadConfiguration config1 =
                 new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setBorderRouterEnabled(true)
                         .setNat64Enabled(true)
-                        .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(true)
                         .build();
         ThreadConfiguration config2 =
                 new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setBorderRouterEnabled(false)
                         .setNat64Enabled(false)
-                        .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(true)
                         .build();
 
         try {
@@ -1268,7 +1312,10 @@
 
         assertThat(txtMap.get("rv")).isNotNull();
         assertThat(txtMap.get("tv")).isNotNull();
-        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")).isNotNull();
+        // Border Agent State Bitmap is 32 bits
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb").length).isEqualTo(4);
+        // The 12th bit (4th bit of the second byte) for ePSKc support should be set to 1.
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")[2] & 8).isEqualTo(8);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1293,7 +1340,10 @@
         Map<String, byte[]> txtMap = resolvedService.getAttributes();
         assertThat(txtMap.get("rv")).isNotNull();
         assertThat(txtMap.get("tv")).isNotNull();
-        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")).isNotNull();
+        // Border Agent State Bitmap is 32 bits
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb").length).isEqualTo(4);
+        // The 12th bit (4th bit of the second byte) for ePSKc support should be set to 1.
+        assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")[2] & 8).isEqualTo(8);
         assertThat(txtMap.get("id").length).isEqualTo(16);
     }
 
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp b/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
index 8f082a4..798a51e 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -62,3 +62,23 @@
     ],
     compile_multilib: "both",
 }
+
+android_test {
+    name: "ThreadNetworkTrelDisabledTests",
+    platform_apis: true,
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
+    test_config: "AndroidTestTrelDisabled.xml",
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "ThreadNetworkIntegrationTestsDefaults",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "mts-tethering",
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "both",
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTest.xml b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTest.xml
index 8f98941..08409b4 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -48,4 +48,10 @@
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
         <option name="package" value="com.android.thread.tests.integration" />
     </test>
+
+    <!-- Enable TREL for integration tests -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.FeatureFlagTargetPreparer">
+        <option name="flag-value"
+                value="thread_network/TrelFeature__enabled=true"/>
+    </target_preparer>
 </configuration>
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTestTrelDisabled.xml b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTestTrelDisabled.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..600652a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/AndroidTestTrelDisabled.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!--
+    Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
+ -->
+
+<configuration description="Config for Thread integration tests with TREL disabled">
+    <option name="test-tag" value="ThreadNetworkTrelDisabledTests" />
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+
+    <!--
+        Only run tests if the device under test is SDK version 34 (Android 14) or above.
+    -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.Sdk34ModuleController" />
+
+    <!-- Run tests in MTS only if the Tethering Mainline module is installed. -->
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.MainlineTestModuleController">
+        <option name="mainline-module-package-name" value="com.google.android.tethering" />
+    </object>
+
+    <object type="module_controller"
+            class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.suite.module.DeviceFeatureModuleController">
+        <option name="required-feature" value="android.hardware.thread_network" />
+    </object>
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
+
+    <!-- Install test -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
+        <option name="test-file-name" value="ThreadNetworkTrelDisabledTests.apk" />
+        <option name="check-min-sdk" value="true" />
+        <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.AndroidJUnitTest" >
+        <option name="package" value="com.android.thread.tests.integration" />
+    </test>
+
+    <!-- Disable TREL for integration tests -->
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.FeatureFlagTargetPreparer">
+        <option name="flag-value"
+                value="thread_network/TrelFeature__enabled=false"/>
+    </target_preparer>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
index 4a8462d8..875a4ad 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 
 package android.net.thread;
 
-import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.DEFAULT_DATASET;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.buildIcmpv4EchoReply;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.enableThreadAndJoinNetwork;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getIpv6LinkAddresses;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isExpectedIcmpv4Packet;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isExpectedIcmpv6Packet;
@@ -26,15 +27,16 @@
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isInMulticastGroup;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isTo;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.leaveNetworkAndDisableThread;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.newPacketReader;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.pollForPacket;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.sendUdpMessage;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.stopOtDaemon;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ICMP_ECHO;
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE;
-import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
@@ -46,15 +48,14 @@
 import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
 
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
 import android.net.thread.utils.InfraNetworkDevice;
-import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils;
 import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
+import android.net.thread.utils.TestTunNetworkUtils;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresSimulationThreadDevice;
@@ -68,18 +69,23 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader;
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
 
 import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -101,7 +107,6 @@
             (Inet6Address) parseNumericAddress("ff03::1234");
     private static final Inet4Address IPV4_SERVER_ADDR =
             (Inet4Address) parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
-    private static final String NAT64_CIDR = "192.168.255.0/24";
     private static final IpPrefix DHCP6_PD_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2001:db8::/64");
     private static final IpPrefix AIL_NAT64_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:1234::/96");
     private static final Inet6Address AIL_NAT64_SYNTHESIZED_SERVER_ADDR =
@@ -113,28 +118,32 @@
     private final Context mContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
     private final ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper mController =
             ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(mContext);
-    private OtDaemonController mOtCtl;
+    private final OtDaemonController mOtCtl = new OtDaemonController();
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     private Handler mHandler;
     private TestNetworkTracker mInfraNetworkTracker;
     private List<FullThreadDevice> mFtds;
-    private TapPacketReader mInfraNetworkReader;
+    private PollPacketReader mInfraNetworkReader;
     private InfraNetworkDevice mInfraDevice;
 
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void beforeClass() throws Exception {
+        enableThreadAndJoinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void afterClass() throws Exception {
+        leaveNetworkAndDisableThread();
+    }
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        // TODO: b/323301831 - This is a workaround to avoid unnecessary delay to re-form a network
-        mOtCtl = new OtDaemonController();
-        mOtCtl.factoryReset();
-
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread(getClass().getSimpleName());
         mHandlerThread.start();
         mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
         mFtds = new ArrayList<>();
 
         setUpInfraNetwork();
-        mController.setEnabledAndWait(true);
-        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
 
         // Creates a infra network device.
         mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
@@ -149,8 +158,7 @@
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(null);
-        mController.leaveAndWait();
-        tearDownInfraNetwork();
+        TestTunNetworkUtils.tearDownAllInfraNetworks();
 
         mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
         mHandlerThread.join();
@@ -217,19 +225,13 @@
         FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
         joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
         Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
-        // Create a new infra network and let Thread prefer it
-        TestNetworkTracker oldInfraNetworkTracker = mInfraNetworkTracker;
-        try {
-            setUpInfraNetwork();
-            mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
-            startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
+        setUpInfraNetwork();
+        mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
+        startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
 
-            mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(ftd.getOmrAddress());
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(ftd.getOmrAddress());
 
-            assertNotNull(pollForIcmpPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftdOmr));
-        } finally {
-            runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> oldInfraNetworkTracker.teardown());
-        }
+        assertNotNull(pollForIcmpPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftdOmr));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -274,6 +276,28 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void unicastRouting_otDaemonRestarts_borderRoutingWorks() throws Exception {
+        /*
+         * <pre>
+         * Topology:
+         *                 infra network                       Thread
+         * infra device -------------------- Border Router -------------- Full Thread device
+         *                                   (Cuttlefish)
+         * </pre>
+         */
+
+        FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
+        joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        stopOtDaemon();
+        ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("leader", "router", "child"), Duration.ofSeconds(40));
+
+        startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
+        mInfraDevice.sendEchoRequest(ftd.getOmrAddress());
+        assertNotNull(pollForIcmpPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE, ftd.getOmrAddress()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     @RequiresIpv6MulticastRouting
     public void multicastRouting_ftdSubscribedMulticastAddress_infraLinkJoinsMulticastGroup()
             throws Exception {
@@ -584,8 +608,6 @@
         subscribeMulticastAddressAndWait(ftd, GROUP_ADDR_SCOPE_5);
         Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
 
-        // Destroy infra link and re-create
-        tearDownInfraNetwork();
         setUpInfraNetwork();
         mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
         startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
@@ -611,8 +633,6 @@
         joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
         Inet6Address ftdOmr = ftd.getOmrAddress();
 
-        // Destroy infra link and re-create
-        tearDownInfraNetwork();
         setUpInfraNetwork();
         mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
         startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr();
@@ -625,23 +645,34 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void nat64_threadDevicePingIpv4InfraDevice_outboundPacketIsForwarded() throws Exception {
+    public void nat64_threadDevicePingIpv4InfraDevice_outboundPacketIsForwardedAndReplyIsReceived()
+            throws Exception {
         FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
         joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
-        // TODO: enable NAT64 via ThreadNetworkController API instead of ot-ctl
-        mOtCtl.setNat64Cidr(NAT64_CIDR);
-        mOtCtl.setNat64Enabled(true);
+        mController.setNat64EnabledAndWait(true);
         waitFor(() -> mOtCtl.hasNat64PrefixInNetdata(), UPDATE_NAT64_PREFIX_TIMEOUT);
+        Thread echoReplyThread = new Thread(() -> respondToEchoRequestOnce(IPV4_SERVER_ADDR));
+        echoReplyThread.start();
 
-        ftd.ping(IPV4_SERVER_ADDR);
+        assertThat(ftd.ping(IPV4_SERVER_ADDR, 1 /* count */)).isEqualTo(1);
 
-        assertNotNull(pollForIcmpPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMP_ECHO, null, IPV4_SERVER_ADDR));
+        echoReplyThread.join();
     }
 
+    private void respondToEchoRequestOnce(Inet4Address dstAddress) {
+        byte[] echoRequest = pollForIcmpPacketOnInfraNetwork(ICMP_ECHO, null, dstAddress);
+        assertNotNull(echoRequest);
+        try {
+            mInfraNetworkReader.sendResponse(buildIcmpv4EchoReply(ByteBuffer.wrap(echoRequest)));
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Ignore("TODO: b/376573921 - Enable when it's not flaky at all")
     @Test
     public void nat64_withAilNat64Prefix_threadDevicePingIpv4InfraDevice_outboundPacketIsForwarded()
             throws Exception {
-        tearDownInfraNetwork();
+        TestTunNetworkUtils.tearDownInfraNetwork(mInfraNetworkTracker);
         LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
         // NAT64 feature requires the infra network to have an IPv4 default route.
         lp.addRoute(
@@ -659,12 +690,11 @@
                         RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST,
                         1500 /* mtu */));
         lp.setNat64Prefix(AIL_NAT64_PREFIX);
-        mInfraNetworkTracker = IntegrationTestUtils.setUpInfraNetwork(mContext, mController, lp);
+        mInfraNetworkTracker = TestTunNetworkUtils.setUpInfraNetwork(mContext, mController, lp);
         mInfraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(mInfraNetworkTracker.getTestIface(), mHandler);
         FullThreadDevice ftd = mFtds.get(0);
         joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
-        // TODO: enable NAT64 via ThreadNetworkController API instead of ot-ctl
-        mOtCtl.setNat64Enabled(true);
+        mController.setNat64EnabledAndWait(true);
         mOtCtl.addPrefixInNetworkData(DHCP6_PD_PREFIX, "paros", "med");
         waitFor(() -> mOtCtl.hasNat64PrefixInNetdata(), UPDATE_NAT64_PREFIX_TIMEOUT);
 
@@ -676,16 +706,12 @@
     }
 
     private void setUpInfraNetwork() throws Exception {
-        mInfraNetworkTracker = IntegrationTestUtils.setUpInfraNetwork(mContext, mController);
-    }
-
-    private void tearDownInfraNetwork() {
-        IntegrationTestUtils.tearDownInfraNetwork(mInfraNetworkTracker);
+        mInfraNetworkTracker = TestTunNetworkUtils.setUpInfraNetwork(mContext, mController);
     }
 
     private void startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr() {
         mInfraDevice =
-                IntegrationTestUtils.startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr(mInfraNetworkReader);
+                TestTunNetworkUtils.startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr(mInfraNetworkReader);
     }
 
     private void assertInfraLinkMemberOfGroup(Inet6Address address) throws Exception {
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/InternetAccessTest.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/InternetAccessTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c9aa07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/InternetAccessTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.DnsResolver.CLASS_IN
+import android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_A
+import android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
+import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice
+import android.net.thread.utils.InfraNetworkDevice
+import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.DEFAULT_DATASET
+import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.enableThreadAndJoinNetwork
+import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr
+import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.leaveNetworkAndDisableThread
+import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.newPacketReader
+import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor
+import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController
+import android.net.thread.utils.TestDnsServer
+import android.net.thread.utils.TestTunNetworkUtils
+import android.net.thread.utils.TestUdpEchoServer
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresSimulationThreadDevice
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket.ANSECTION
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import java.net.Inet4Address
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.time.Duration
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.AfterClass
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.BeforeClass
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/** Integration test cases for Thread Internet Access features. */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@RequiresThreadFeature
+@RequiresSimulationThreadDevice
+@LargeTest
+class InternetAccessTest {
+    companion object {
+        private val TAG = BorderRoutingTest::class.java.simpleName
+        private val NUM_FTD = 1
+        private val DNS_SERVER_ADDR = parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8") as Inet4Address
+        private val UDP_ECHO_SERVER_ADDRESS =
+            InetSocketAddress(parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4"), 12345)
+        private val ANSWER_RECORDS =
+            listOf(
+                DnsPacket.DnsRecord.makeAOrAAAARecord(
+                    ANSECTION,
+                    "google.com",
+                    CLASS_IN,
+                    30 /* ttl */,
+                    parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4"),
+                ),
+                DnsPacket.DnsRecord.makeAOrAAAARecord(
+                    ANSECTION,
+                    "google.com",
+                    CLASS_IN,
+                    30 /* ttl */,
+                    parseNumericAddress("2001::234"),
+                ),
+            )
+
+        @BeforeClass
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun beforeClass() {
+            enableThreadAndJoinNetwork(DEFAULT_DATASET)
+        }
+
+        @AfterClass
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun afterClass() {
+            leaveNetworkAndDisableThread()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @get:Rule val threadRule = ThreadFeatureCheckerRule()
+
+    private val context: Context = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()
+    private val controller = requireNotNull(ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(context))
+    private lateinit var otCtl: OtDaemonController
+    private lateinit var handlerThread: HandlerThread
+    private lateinit var handler: Handler
+    private lateinit var infraNetworkTracker: TestNetworkTracker
+    private lateinit var ftds: ArrayList<FullThreadDevice>
+    private lateinit var infraNetworkReader: PollPacketReader
+    private lateinit var infraDevice: InfraNetworkDevice
+    private lateinit var dnsServer: TestDnsServer
+    private lateinit var udpEchoServer: TestUdpEchoServer
+
+    @Before
+    @Throws(Exception::class)
+    fun setUp() {
+        otCtl = OtDaemonController()
+
+        handlerThread = HandlerThread(javaClass.simpleName)
+        handlerThread.start()
+        handler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
+        ftds = ArrayList()
+
+        infraNetworkTracker = TestTunNetworkUtils.setUpInfraNetwork(context, controller)
+
+        // Create an infra network device.
+        infraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(infraNetworkTracker.testIface, handler)
+        infraDevice = TestTunNetworkUtils.startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr(infraNetworkReader)
+
+        // Create a DNS server
+        dnsServer = TestDnsServer(infraNetworkReader, DNS_SERVER_ADDR, ANSWER_RECORDS)
+
+        // Create a UDP echo server
+        udpEchoServer = TestUdpEchoServer(infraNetworkReader, UDP_ECHO_SERVER_ADDRESS)
+
+        // Create Ftds
+        for (i in 0 until NUM_FTD) {
+            ftds.add(FullThreadDevice(15 + i /* node ID */))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    @Throws(Exception::class)
+    fun tearDown() {
+        controller.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(null)
+        TestTunNetworkUtils.tearDownAllInfraNetworks()
+
+        dnsServer.stop()
+        udpEchoServer.stop()
+
+        handlerThread.quitSafely()
+        handlerThread.join()
+
+        ftds.forEach { it.destroy() }
+        ftds.clear()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun nat64Enabled_threadDeviceResolvesHost_hostIsResolved() {
+        controller.setNat64EnabledAndWait(true)
+        waitFor({ otCtl.hasNat64PrefixInNetdata() }, Duration.ofSeconds(10))
+        val ftd = ftds[0]
+        joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET)
+        dnsServer.start()
+
+        val ipv4Addresses =
+            ftd.resolveHost("google.com", TYPE_A).map { extractIpv4AddressFromMappedAddress(it) }
+        assertThat(ipv4Addresses).isEqualTo(listOf(parseNumericAddress("1.2.3.4")))
+        val ipv6Addresses = ftd.resolveHost("google.com", TYPE_AAAA)
+        assertThat(ipv6Addresses).isEqualTo(listOf(parseNumericAddress("2001::234")))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun nat64Disabled_threadDeviceResolvesHost_hostIsNotResolved() {
+        controller.setNat64EnabledAndWait(false)
+        val ftd = ftds[0]
+        joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET)
+        dnsServer.start()
+
+        assertThat(ftd.resolveHost("google.com", TYPE_A)).isEmpty()
+        assertThat(ftd.resolveHost("google.com", TYPE_AAAA)).isEmpty()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun nat64Enabled_threadDeviceSendsUdpToEchoServer_replyIsReceived() {
+        controller.setNat64EnabledAndWait(true)
+        waitFor({ otCtl.hasNat64PrefixInNetdata() }, Duration.ofSeconds(10))
+        val ftd = ftds[0]
+        joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET)
+        udpEchoServer.start()
+
+        ftd.udpOpen()
+        ftd.udpSend("Hello,Thread", UDP_ECHO_SERVER_ADDRESS.address, UDP_ECHO_SERVER_ADDRESS.port)
+        val reply = ftd.udpReceive()
+        assertThat(reply).isEqualTo("Hello,Thread")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun nat64Enabled_afterInfraNetworkSwitch_threadDeviceSendsUdpToEchoServer_replyIsReceived() {
+        controller.setNat64EnabledAndWait(true)
+        waitFor({ otCtl.hasNat64PrefixInNetdata() }, Duration.ofSeconds(10))
+        infraNetworkTracker = TestTunNetworkUtils.setUpInfraNetwork(context, controller)
+        infraNetworkReader = newPacketReader(infraNetworkTracker.testIface, handler)
+        udpEchoServer = TestUdpEchoServer(infraNetworkReader, UDP_ECHO_SERVER_ADDRESS)
+        val ftd = ftds[0]
+        joinNetworkAndWaitForOmr(ftd, DEFAULT_DATASET)
+        waitFor({ otCtl.hasNat64PrefixInNetdata() }, Duration.ofSeconds(10))
+        udpEchoServer.start()
+
+        ftd.udpOpen()
+        ftd.udpSend("Hello,Thread", UDP_ECHO_SERVER_ADDRESS.address, UDP_ECHO_SERVER_ADDRESS.port)
+        val reply = ftd.udpReceive()
+        assertThat(reply).isEqualTo("Hello,Thread")
+    }
+
+    private fun extractIpv4AddressFromMappedAddress(address: InetAddress): Inet4Address {
+        return InetAddress.getByAddress(address.address.slice(12 until 16).toByteArray())
+            as Inet4Address
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
index 2afca5f..6c2a9bb 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ServiceDiscoveryTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
@@ -50,6 +52,9 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
 import com.google.common.truth.Correspondence;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -64,6 +69,7 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
@@ -441,6 +447,40 @@
                 .containsExactly("key1", bytes(0x01, 0x02), "key2", bytes(3));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    // TODO: move this case out of ServiceDiscoveryTest when the service discovery utilities
+    // are decoupled from this test.
+    public void trelFeatureFlagEnabled_trelServicePublished() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(
+                DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyBoolean(
+                        "thread_network", "TrelFeature__enabled", false));
+
+        NsdServiceInfo discoveredService = discoverService(mNsdManager, "_trel._udp");
+        assertThat(discoveredService).isNotNull();
+        // Resolve service with the current TREL port, otherwise it may return stale service from
+        // a previous infra link setup.
+        NsdServiceInfo trelService =
+                resolveServiceUntil(
+                        mNsdManager, discoveredService, s -> s.getPort() == mOtCtl.getTrelPort());
+
+        Map<String, byte[]> txtMap = trelService.getAttributes();
+        assertThat(HexDump.toHexString(txtMap.get("xa")).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))
+                .isEqualTo(mOtCtl.getExtendedAddr().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
+        assertThat(HexDump.toHexString(txtMap.get("xp")).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))
+                .isEqualTo(mOtCtl.getExtendedPanId().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    // TODO: move this case out of ServiceDiscoveryTest when the service discovery utilities
+    // are decoupled from this test.
+    public void trelFeatureFlagDisabled_trelServiceNotPublished() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(
+                DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyBoolean(
+                        "thread_network", "TrelFeature__enabled", false));
+
+        assertThrows(TimeoutException.class, () -> discoverService(mNsdManager, "_trel._udp"));
+    }
+
     private void registerService(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, RegistrationListener listener)
             throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
         mNsdManager.registerService(serviceInfo, PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, listener);
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
index 61b6eac..d41550b 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadIntegrationTest.java
@@ -16,36 +16,47 @@
 
 package android.net.thread;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED;
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER;
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.CALLBACK_TIMEOUT;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.DEFAULT_CONFIG;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.RESTART_JOIN_TIMEOUT;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getIpv6LinkAddresses;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getPrefixesFromNetData;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.getThreadNetwork;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.isInMulticastGroup;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.JOIN_TIMEOUT;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
 import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.TUN_IF_NAME;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;
 
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
 import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule.RequiresThreadFeature;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper;
+import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadStateListener;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
@@ -66,6 +77,7 @@
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
@@ -83,6 +95,8 @@
     // The maximum time for changes to be propagated to netdata.
     private static final Duration NET_DATA_UPDATE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
 
+    private static final Duration NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(10);
+
     // A valid Thread Active Operational Dataset generated from OpenThread CLI "dataset init new".
     private static final byte[] DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS =
             base16().decode(
@@ -93,6 +107,8 @@
                                     + "B9D351B40C0402A0FFF8");
     private static final ActiveOperationalDataset DEFAULT_DATASET =
             ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS);
+    private static final ThreadConfiguration DEFAULT_CONFIG =
+            new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().build();
 
     private static final Inet6Address GROUP_ADDR_ALL_ROUTERS =
             (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff02::2");
@@ -124,8 +140,11 @@
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        ThreadStateListener.stopAllListeners();
+
         mController.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(null);
         mController.leaveAndWait();
+        mController.setConfigurationAndWait(DEFAULT_CONFIG);
 
         mFtd.destroy();
         mExecutor.shutdownNow();
@@ -253,6 +272,20 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void joinNetwork_joinTheSameNetworkTwice_neverDetached() throws Exception {
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        mController.waitForRole(DEVICE_ROLE_LEADER, JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+
+        var listener = ThreadStateListener.startListener(mController.get());
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        assertThat(
+                        listener.pollForAnyRoleOf(
+                                List.of(DEVICE_ROLE_DETACHED, DEVICE_ROLE_STOPPED), JOIN_TIMEOUT))
+                .isNull();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void edPingsMeshLocalAddresses_oneReplyPerRequest() throws Exception {
         mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
         startFtdChild(mFtd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
@@ -327,6 +360,44 @@
                 .isFalse();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void setConfiguration_disableBorderRouter_noBrfunctionsEnabled() throws Exception {
+        NetworkRequest request =
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_THREAD)
+                        .build();
+        startFtdLeader(mFtd, DEFAULT_DATASET);
+
+        mController.setConfigurationAndWait(
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setBorderRouterEnabled(false).build());
+        mController.joinAndWait(DEFAULT_DATASET);
+        NetworkCapabilities caps = registerNetworkCallbackAndWait(request);
+
+        assertThat(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(mOtCtl.getBorderRoutingState()).ignoringCase().isEqualTo("disabled");
+        assertThat(mOtCtl.getSrpServerState()).ignoringCase().isNotEqualTo("disabled");
+        // TODO: b/376217403 - enables / disables Border Agent at runtime
+    }
+
+    private NetworkCapabilities registerNetworkCallbackAndWait(NetworkRequest request)
+            throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback callback =
+                new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onAvailable(Network network) {
+                        networkFuture.complete(network);
+                    }
+                };
+
+        runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback));
+
+        assertThat(networkFuture.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT.getSeconds(), SECONDS)).isNotNull();
+        return runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> cm.getNetworkCapabilities(networkFuture.get()));
+    }
+
     // TODO (b/323300829): add more tests for integration with linux platform and
     // ConnectivityService
 
@@ -341,6 +412,14 @@
         ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("router", "child"), Duration.ofSeconds(8));
     }
 
+    /** Starts a Thread FTD device as a leader. */
+    private void startFtdLeader(FullThreadDevice ftd, ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset)
+            throws Exception {
+        ftd.factoryReset();
+        ftd.joinNetwork(activeDataset);
+        ftd.waitForStateAnyOf(List.of("leader"), Duration.ofSeconds(8));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Starts a UDP echo server and replies to the first UDP message.
      *
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
index 87219d3..2f0ab34 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.STATE_ENABLED;
 import static android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException.ERROR_THREAD_DISABLED;
+import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.DEFAULT_CONFIG;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.DEFAULT_DATASET;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow;
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         mFtd.destroy();
         ensureThreadEnabled();
+        mController.setConfigurationAndWait(DEFAULT_CONFIG);
     }
 
     private static void ensureThreadEnabled() {
@@ -179,6 +181,27 @@
         assertThat(result).endsWith("Done\r\n");
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void config_getConfig_expectedValueIsPrinted() throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration config =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build();
+        mController.setConfigurationAndWait(config);
+
+        final String result = runThreadCommand("config");
+
+        assertThat(result).contains("nat64Enabled=true");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_setConfig_expectedValueIsSet() throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration config = new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().build();
+        mController.setConfigurationAndWait(config);
+
+        runThreadCommand("config nat64 enabled");
+
+        assertThat(mController.getConfiguration().isNat64Enabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
     private static String runThreadCommand(String cmd) {
         return runShellCommandOrThrow("cmd thread_network " + cmd);
     }
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
index 083a841..209eed6 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
  */
 package android.net.thread.utils;
 
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_A;
+import static android.net.DnsResolver.TYPE_AAAA;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
 
@@ -232,8 +234,8 @@
         return matcher.group(4);
     }
 
-    /** Sends a UDP message to given IPv6 address and port. */
-    public void udpSend(String message, Inet6Address serverAddr, int serverPort) {
+    /** Sends a UDP message to given IP address and port. */
+    public void udpSend(String message, InetAddress serverAddr, int serverPort) {
         executeCommand("udp send %s %d %s", serverAddr.getHostAddress(), serverPort, message);
     }
 
@@ -354,6 +356,31 @@
         executeCommand("dns config " + address);
     }
 
+    /** Resolves the {@code queryType} record of the {@code hostname} via DNS. */
+    public List<InetAddress> resolveHost(String hostname, int queryType) {
+        // CLI output:
+        // DNS response for hostname.com. - fd12::abc1 TTL:50 fd12::abc2 TTL:50 fd12::abc3 TTL:50
+
+        String command;
+        switch (queryType) {
+            case TYPE_A -> command = "resolve4";
+            case TYPE_AAAA -> command = "resolve";
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid query type: " + queryType);
+        }
+        final List<InetAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
+        String line;
+        try {
+            line = executeCommand("dns " + command + " " + hostname).get(0);
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            return addresses;
+        }
+        final String[] addressTtlPairs = line.split("-")[1].strip().split(" ");
+        for (int i = 0; i < addressTtlPairs.length; i += 2) {
+            addresses.add(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addressTtlPairs[i]));
+        }
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
     /** Returns the first browsed service instance of {@code serviceType}. */
     public NsdServiceInfo browseService(String serviceType) {
         // CLI output:
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/InfraNetworkDevice.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/InfraNetworkDevice.java
index 72a278c..cb0c8ee 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/InfraNetworkDevice.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/InfraNetworkDevice.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.Ipv6Utils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.LlaOption;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption;
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -49,18 +49,18 @@
     // The MAC address of this device.
     public final MacAddress macAddr;
     // The packet reader of the TUN interface of the test network.
-    public final TapPacketReader packetReader;
+    public final PollPacketReader packetReader;
     // The IPv6 address generated by SLAAC for the device.
     public Inet6Address ipv6Addr;
 
     /**
      * Constructs an InfraNetworkDevice with the given {@link MAC address} and {@link
-     * TapPacketReader}.
+     * PollPacketReader}.
      *
      * @param macAddr the MAC address of the device
      * @param packetReader the packet reader of the TUN interface of the test network.
      */
-    public InfraNetworkDevice(MacAddress macAddr, TapPacketReader packetReader) {
+    public InfraNetworkDevice(MacAddress macAddr, PollPacketReader packetReader) {
         this.macAddr = macAddr;
         this.packetReader = packetReader;
     }
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
index 3df74b0..316f570 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
@@ -32,14 +32,21 @@
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.system.OsConstants
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMP
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow
+import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_CHECKSUM_OFFSET
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_LENGTH_OFFSET
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv4Header
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header
@@ -47,7 +54,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.PrefixInformationOption
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.RaHeader
-import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker
 import com.android.testutils.initTestNetwork
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
@@ -108,6 +115,9 @@
     val DEFAULT_DATASET: ActiveOperationalDataset =
         ActiveOperationalDataset.fromThreadTlvs(DEFAULT_DATASET_TLVS)
 
+    @JvmField
+    val DEFAULT_CONFIG = ThreadConfiguration.Builder().build()
+
     /**
      * Waits for the given [Supplier] to be true until given timeout.
      *
@@ -136,18 +146,18 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Creates a [TapPacketReader] given the [TestNetworkInterface] and [Handler].
+     * Creates a [PollPacketReader] given the [TestNetworkInterface] and [Handler].
      *
      * @param testNetworkInterface the TUN interface of the test network
      * @param handler the handler to process the packets
-     * @return the [TapPacketReader]
+     * @return the [PollPacketReader]
      */
     @JvmStatic
     fun newPacketReader(
         testNetworkInterface: TestNetworkInterface, handler: Handler
-    ): TapPacketReader {
+    ): PollPacketReader {
         val fd = testNetworkInterface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor
-        val reader = TapPacketReader(handler, fd, testNetworkInterface.mtu)
+        val reader = PollPacketReader(handler, fd, testNetworkInterface.mtu)
         handler.post { reader.start() }
         handler.waitForIdle(timeoutMs = 5000)
         return reader
@@ -191,7 +201,7 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Polls for a packet from a given [TapPacketReader] that satisfies the `filter`.
+     * Polls for a packet from a given [PollPacketReader] that satisfies the `filter`.
      *
      * @param packetReader a TUN packet reader
      * @param filter the filter to be applied on the packet
@@ -199,7 +209,7 @@
      * than 3000ms to read the next packet, the method will return null
      */
     @JvmStatic
-    fun pollForPacket(packetReader: TapPacketReader, filter: Predicate<ByteArray>): ByteArray? {
+    fun pollForPacket(packetReader: PollPacketReader, filter: Predicate<ByteArray>): ByteArray? {
         var packet: ByteArray?
         while ((packetReader.poll(3000 /* timeoutMs */, filter).also { packet = it }) != null) {
             return packet
@@ -303,6 +313,73 @@
         return null
     }
 
+    /** Builds an ICMPv4 Echo Reply packet to respond to the given ICMPv4 Echo Request packet. */
+    @JvmStatic
+    fun buildIcmpv4EchoReply(request: ByteBuffer): ByteBuffer? {
+        val requestIpv4Header = Struct.parse(Ipv4Header::class.java, request) ?: return null
+        val requestIcmpv4Header = Struct.parse(Icmpv4Header::class.java, request) ?: return null
+
+        val id = request.getShort()
+        val seq = request.getShort()
+
+        val payload = ByteBuffer.allocate(4 + request.limit() - request.position())
+        payload.putShort(id)
+        payload.putShort(seq)
+        payload.put(request)
+        payload.rewind()
+
+        val ipv4HeaderLen = Struct.getSize(Ipv4Header::class.java)
+        val Icmpv4HeaderLen = Struct.getSize(Icmpv4Header::class.java)
+        val payloadLen = payload.limit();
+
+        val reply = ByteBuffer.allocate(ipv4HeaderLen + Icmpv4HeaderLen + payloadLen)
+
+        // IPv4 header
+        val replyIpv4Header = Ipv4Header(
+            0 /* TYPE OF SERVICE */,
+            0.toShort().toInt()/* totalLength, calculate later */,
+            requestIpv4Header.id,
+            requestIpv4Header.flagsAndFragmentOffset,
+            0x40 /* ttl */,
+            IPPROTO_ICMP.toByte(),
+            0.toShort()/* checksum, calculate later */,
+            requestIpv4Header.dstIp /* srcIp */,
+            requestIpv4Header.srcIp /* dstIp */
+        )
+        replyIpv4Header.writeToByteBuffer(reply)
+
+        // ICMPv4 header
+        val replyIcmpv4Header = Icmpv4Header(
+            0 /* type, ICMP_ECHOREPLY */,
+            requestIcmpv4Header.code,
+            0.toShort() /* checksum, calculate later */
+        )
+        replyIcmpv4Header.writeToByteBuffer(reply)
+
+        // Payload
+        reply.put(payload)
+        reply.flip()
+
+        // Populate the IPv4 totalLength field.
+        reply.putShort(
+            IPV4_LENGTH_OFFSET, (ipv4HeaderLen + Icmpv4HeaderLen + payloadLen).toShort()
+        )
+
+        // Populate the IPv4 header checksum field.
+        reply.putShort(
+            IPV4_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, IpUtils.ipChecksum(reply, 0 /* headerOffset */)
+        )
+
+        // Populate the ICMP checksum field.
+        reply.putShort(
+            IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN + ICMP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, IpUtils.icmpChecksum(
+                reply, IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN, Icmpv4HeaderLen + payloadLen
+            )
+        )
+
+        return reply
+    }
+
     /** Returns the Prefix Information Options (PIO) extracted from an ICMPv6 RA message.  */
     @JvmStatic
     fun getRaPios(raMsg: ByteArray?): List<PrefixInformationOption> {
@@ -311,7 +388,12 @@
         raMsg ?: return pioList
 
         val buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(raMsg)
-        val ipv6Header = Struct.parse(Ipv6Header::class.java, buf)
+        val ipv6Header = try {
+            Struct.parse(Ipv6Header::class.java, buf)
+        } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
+            // the packet is not IPv6
+            return pioList
+        }
         if (ipv6Header.nextHeader != OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6.toByte()) {
             return pioList
         }
@@ -513,6 +595,27 @@
         return ftd.omrAddress
     }
 
+    /** Enables Thread and joins the specified Thread network. */
+    @JvmStatic
+    fun enableThreadAndJoinNetwork(dataset: ActiveOperationalDataset) {
+        // TODO: b/323301831 - This is a workaround to avoid unnecessary delay to re-form a network
+        OtDaemonController().factoryReset();
+
+        val context: Context = requireNotNull(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
+        val controller = requireNotNull(ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(context));
+        controller.setEnabledAndWait(true);
+        controller.joinAndWait(dataset);
+    }
+
+    /** Leaves the Thread network and disables Thread. */
+    @JvmStatic
+    fun leaveNetworkAndDisableThread() {
+        val context: Context = requireNotNull(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext());
+        val controller = requireNotNull(ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.newInstance(context));
+        controller.leaveAndWait();
+        controller.setEnabledAndWait(false);
+    }
+
     private open class DefaultDiscoveryListener : NsdManager.DiscoveryListener {
         override fun onStartDiscoveryFailed(serviceType: String, errorCode: Int) {}
         override fun onStopDiscoveryFailed(serviceType: String, errorCode: Int) {}
@@ -551,54 +654,11 @@
         )
     }
 
-    private fun defaultLinkProperties(): LinkProperties {
-        val lp = LinkProperties()
-        // TODO: use a fake DNS server
-        lp.setDnsServers(listOf(parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8")))
-        // NAT64 feature requires the infra network to have an IPv4 default route.
-        lp.addRoute(
-            RouteInfo(
-                IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0") /* destination */,
-                null /* gateway */,
-                null /* iface */,
-                RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST, 1500 /* mtu */
-            )
-        )
-        return lp
-    }
-
+    /**
+     * Stop the ot-daemon by shell command.
+     */
     @JvmStatic
-    @JvmOverloads
-    fun startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr(
-        tapPacketReader: TapPacketReader,
-        macAddress: MacAddress = MacAddress.fromString("1:2:3:4:5:6")
-    ): InfraNetworkDevice {
-        val infraDevice = InfraNetworkDevice(macAddress, tapPacketReader)
-        infraDevice.runSlaac(Duration.ofSeconds(60))
-        requireNotNull(infraDevice.ipv6Addr)
-        return infraDevice
-    }
-
-    @JvmStatic
-    @JvmOverloads
-    @Throws(java.lang.Exception::class)
-    fun setUpInfraNetwork(
-        context: Context,
-        controller: ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper,
-        lp: LinkProperties = defaultLinkProperties()
-    ): TestNetworkTracker {
-        val infraNetworkTracker: TestNetworkTracker =
-            runAsShell(
-                MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
-                supplier = { initTestNetwork(context, lp, setupTimeoutMs = 5000) })
-        val infraNetworkName: String = infraNetworkTracker.testIface.getInterfaceName()
-        controller.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(infraNetworkName)
-
-        return infraNetworkTracker
-    }
-
-    @JvmStatic
-    fun tearDownInfraNetwork(testNetworkTracker: TestNetworkTracker) {
-        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) { testNetworkTracker.teardown() }
+    fun stopOtDaemon() {
+        runShellCommandOrThrow("stop ot-daemon")
     }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/OtDaemonController.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/OtDaemonController.java
index 046d9bf..9fbfa45 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/OtDaemonController.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/OtDaemonController.java
@@ -54,6 +54,16 @@
         SystemClock.sleep(500);
     }
 
+    /** Returns the output string of the "ot-ctl br state" command. */
+    public String getBorderRoutingState() {
+        return executeCommandAndParse("br state").getFirst();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the output string of the "ot-ctl srp server state" command. */
+    public String getSrpServerState() {
+        return executeCommandAndParse("srp server state").getFirst();
+    }
+
     /** Returns the list of IPv6 addresses on ot-daemon. */
     public List<Inet6Address> getAddresses() {
         return executeCommandAndParse("ipaddr").stream()
@@ -134,6 +144,18 @@
         executeCommand("netdata register");
     }
 
+    public int getTrelPort() {
+        return Integer.parseInt(executeCommandAndParse("trel port").get(0));
+    }
+
+    public String getExtendedAddr() {
+        return executeCommandAndParse("extaddr").get(0);
+    }
+
+    public String getExtendedPanId() {
+        return executeCommandAndParse("extpanid").get(0);
+    }
+
     public String executeCommand(String cmd) {
         return SystemUtil.runShellCommand(OT_CTL + " " + cmd);
     }
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestDnsServer.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestDnsServer.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f97c0f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestDnsServer.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.utils
+
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
+import java.net.InetAddress
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+
+/**
+ * A class that simulates a DNS server.
+ *
+ * <p>The server responds to DNS requests with the given {@code answerRecords}.
+ *
+ * @param packetReader the packet reader to poll DNS requests from
+ * @param serverAddress the address of the DNS server
+ * @param answerRecords the records to respond to the DNS requests
+ */
+class TestDnsServer(
+    private val packetReader: PollPacketReader,
+    private val serverAddress: InetAddress,
+    private val serverAnswers: List<DnsPacket.DnsRecord>,
+) : TestUdpServer(packetReader, InetSocketAddress(serverAddress, DNS_UDP_PORT)) {
+    companion object {
+        private val TAG = TestDnsServer::class.java.simpleName
+        private const val DNS_UDP_PORT = 53
+    }
+
+    private class TestDnsPacket : DnsPacket {
+
+        constructor(buf: ByteArray) : super(buf)
+
+        constructor(
+            header: DnsHeader,
+            qd: List<DnsRecord>,
+            an: List<DnsRecord>,
+        ) : super(header, qd, an) {}
+
+        val header = super.mHeader
+        val records = super.mRecords
+    }
+
+    override fun buildResponse(
+        requestIpv4Header: Ipv4Header,
+        requestUdpHeader: UdpHeader,
+        requestUdpPayload: ByteArray,
+    ): ByteBuffer? {
+        val requestDnsPacket = TestDnsPacket(requestUdpPayload)
+        val requestDnsHeader = requestDnsPacket.header
+
+        val answerRecords =
+            buildDnsAnswerRecords(requestDnsPacket.records[DnsPacket.QDSECTION], serverAnswers)
+        // TODO: return NXDOMAIN if no answer is found.
+        val responseFlags = 1 shl 15 // QR bit
+        val responseDnsHeader =
+            DnsPacket.DnsHeader(
+                requestDnsHeader.id,
+                responseFlags,
+                requestDnsPacket.records[DnsPacket.QDSECTION].size,
+                answerRecords.size,
+            )
+        val responseDnsPacket =
+            TestDnsPacket(
+                responseDnsHeader,
+                requestDnsPacket.records[DnsPacket.QDSECTION],
+                answerRecords,
+            )
+
+        val buf =
+            PacketBuilder.allocate(
+                false /* hasEther */,
+                IPPROTO_IP,
+                IPPROTO_UDP,
+                responseDnsPacket.bytes.size,
+            )
+
+        val packetBuilder = PacketBuilder(buf)
+        packetBuilder.writeIpv4Header(
+            requestIpv4Header.tos,
+            requestIpv4Header.id,
+            requestIpv4Header.flagsAndFragmentOffset,
+            0x40 /* ttl */,
+            IPPROTO_UDP.toByte(),
+            requestIpv4Header.dstIp, /* srcIp */
+            requestIpv4Header.srcIp, /* dstIp */
+        )
+        packetBuilder.writeUdpHeader(
+            requestUdpHeader.dstPort.toShort() /* srcPort */,
+            requestUdpHeader.srcPort.toShort(), /* dstPort */
+        )
+        buf.put(responseDnsPacket.bytes)
+
+        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket()
+    }
+
+    private fun buildDnsAnswerRecords(
+        questions: List<DnsPacket.DnsRecord>,
+        serverAnswers: List<DnsPacket.DnsRecord>,
+    ): List<DnsPacket.DnsRecord> {
+        val answers = ArrayList<DnsPacket.DnsRecord>()
+        for (answer in serverAnswers) {
+            if (
+                questions.any {
+                    answer.dName.equals(it.dName, ignoreCase = true) && answer.nsType == it.nsType
+                }
+            ) {
+                answers.add(answer)
+            }
+        }
+        return answers
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestTunNetworkUtils.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestTunNetworkUtils.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1667980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestTunNetworkUtils.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.utils
+
+import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress
+import android.net.IpPrefix
+import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.MacAddress
+import android.net.RouteInfo
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker
+import com.android.testutils.initTestNetwork
+import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
+import java.time.Duration
+
+object TestTunNetworkUtils {
+    private val networkTrackers = mutableListOf<TestNetworkTracker>()
+
+    @JvmStatic
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun setUpInfraNetwork(
+        context: Context,
+        controller: ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper,
+        lp: LinkProperties = defaultLinkProperties(),
+    ): TestNetworkTracker {
+        val infraNetworkTracker: TestNetworkTracker =
+            runAsShell(
+                MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                supplier = { initTestNetwork(context, lp, setupTimeoutMs = 5000) },
+            )
+        val infraNetworkName: String = infraNetworkTracker.testIface.getInterfaceName()
+        controller.setTestNetworkAsUpstreamAndWait(infraNetworkName)
+        networkTrackers.add(infraNetworkTracker)
+
+        return infraNetworkTracker
+    }
+
+    @JvmStatic
+    fun tearDownInfraNetwork(testNetworkTracker: TestNetworkTracker) {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) { testNetworkTracker.teardown() }
+    }
+
+    @JvmStatic
+    fun tearDownAllInfraNetworks() {
+        networkTrackers.forEach { tearDownInfraNetwork(it) }
+        networkTrackers.clear()
+    }
+
+    @JvmStatic
+    @JvmOverloads
+    fun startInfraDeviceAndWaitForOnLinkAddr(
+        pollPacketReader: PollPacketReader,
+        macAddress: MacAddress = MacAddress.fromString("1:2:3:4:5:6"),
+    ): InfraNetworkDevice {
+        val infraDevice = InfraNetworkDevice(macAddress, pollPacketReader)
+        infraDevice.runSlaac(Duration.ofSeconds(60))
+        requireNotNull(infraDevice.ipv6Addr)
+        return infraDevice
+    }
+
+    private fun defaultLinkProperties(): LinkProperties {
+        val lp = LinkProperties()
+        // TODO: use a fake DNS server
+        lp.setDnsServers(listOf(parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8")))
+        // NAT64 feature requires the infra network to have an IPv4 default route.
+        lp.addRoute(
+            RouteInfo(
+                IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0") /* destination */,
+                null /* gateway */,
+                null /* iface */,
+                RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST,
+                1500, /* mtu */
+            )
+        )
+        return lp
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestUdpEchoServer.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestUdpEchoServer.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fcd6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestUdpEchoServer.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.utils
+
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+
+/**
+ * A class that simulates a UDP echo server that replies to incoming UDP message with the same
+ * payload.
+ *
+ * @param packetReader the packet reader to poll UDP requests from
+ * @param serverAddress the address and port of the UDP server
+ */
+class TestUdpEchoServer(
+    private val packetReader: PollPacketReader,
+    private val serverAddress: InetSocketAddress,
+) : TestUdpServer(packetReader, serverAddress) {
+    companion object {
+        private val TAG = TestUdpEchoServer::class.java.simpleName
+    }
+
+    override fun buildResponse(
+        requestIpv4Header: Ipv4Header,
+        requestUdpHeader: UdpHeader,
+        requestUdpPayload: ByteArray,
+    ): ByteBuffer? {
+        val buf =
+            PacketBuilder.allocate(
+                false /* hasEther */,
+                IPPROTO_IP,
+                IPPROTO_UDP,
+                requestUdpPayload.size,
+            )
+
+        val packetBuilder = PacketBuilder(buf)
+        packetBuilder.writeIpv4Header(
+            requestIpv4Header.tos,
+            requestIpv4Header.id,
+            requestIpv4Header.flagsAndFragmentOffset,
+            0x40 /* ttl */,
+            IPPROTO_UDP.toByte(),
+            requestIpv4Header.dstIp, /* srcIp */
+            requestIpv4Header.srcIp, /* dstIp */
+        )
+        packetBuilder.writeUdpHeader(
+            requestUdpHeader.dstPort.toShort() /* srcPort */,
+            requestUdpHeader.srcPort.toShort(), /* dstPort */
+        )
+        buf.put(requestUdpPayload)
+
+        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestUdpServer.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestUdpServer.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb0942e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/TestUdpServer.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.utils
+
+import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.pollForPacket
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader
+import com.android.testutils.PollPacketReader
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
+import kotlin.concurrent.thread
+
+/**
+ * A class that simulates a UDP server that replies to incoming UDP messages.
+ *
+ * @param packetReader the packet reader to poll UDP requests from
+ * @param serverAddress the address and port of the UDP server
+ */
+abstract class TestUdpServer(
+    private val packetReader: PollPacketReader,
+    private val serverAddress: InetSocketAddress,
+) {
+    private val TAG = TestUdpServer::class.java.simpleName
+    private var workerThread: Thread? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the UDP server to respond to UDP messages.
+     *
+     * <p> The server polls the UDP messages from the {@code packetReader} and responds with a
+     * message built by {@code buildResponse}. The server will automatically stop when it fails to
+     * poll a UDP request within the timeout (3000 ms, as defined in IntegrationTestUtils).
+     */
+    fun start() {
+        workerThread = thread {
+            var requestPacket: ByteArray
+            while (true) {
+                requestPacket = pollForUdpPacket() ?: break
+                val buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(requestPacket)
+                packetReader.sendResponse(buildResponse(buf) ?: break)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Stops the UDP server. */
+    fun stop() {
+        workerThread?.join()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the UDP response for the given UDP request.
+     *
+     * @param ipv4Header the IPv4 header of the UDP request
+     * @param udpHeader the UDP header of the UDP request
+     * @param udpPayload the payload of the UDP request
+     * @return the UDP response
+     */
+    abstract fun buildResponse(
+        requestIpv4Header: Ipv4Header,
+        requestUdpHeader: UdpHeader,
+        requestUdpPayload: ByteArray,
+    ): ByteBuffer?
+
+    private fun pollForUdpPacket(): ByteArray? {
+        val filter =
+            fun(packet: ByteArray): Boolean {
+                val buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet)
+                val ipv4Header = Struct.parse(Ipv4Header::class.java, buf) ?: return false
+                val udpHeader = Struct.parse(UdpHeader::class.java, buf) ?: return false
+                return ipv4Header.dstIp == serverAddress.address &&
+                    udpHeader.dstPort == serverAddress.port
+            }
+        return pollForPacket(packetReader, filter)
+    }
+
+    private fun buildResponse(requestPacket: ByteBuffer): ByteBuffer? {
+        val requestIpv4Header = Struct.parse(Ipv4Header::class.java, requestPacket) ?: return null
+        val requestUdpHeader = Struct.parse(UdpHeader::class.java, requestPacket) ?: return null
+        val remainingRequestPacket = ByteArray(requestPacket.remaining())
+        requestPacket.get(remainingRequestPacket)
+
+        return buildResponse(requestIpv4Header, requestUdpHeader, remainingRequestPacket)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.java
index 7e84233..b6114f3 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
@@ -36,10 +37,12 @@
 import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
 
 import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /** A helper class which provides synchronous API wrappers for {@link ThreadNetworkController}. */
 public final class ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper {
@@ -47,9 +50,13 @@
     public static final Duration LEAVE_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
     private static final Duration CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
     private static final Duration SET_ENABLED_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(2);
+    private static final Duration CONFIG_TIMEOUT = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
 
     private final ThreadNetworkController mController;
 
+    private final List<Integer> mDeviceRoleUpdates = new ArrayList<>();
+    @Nullable private StateCallback mStateCallback;
+
     /**
      * Returns a new {@link ThreadNetworkControllerWrapper} instance or {@code null} if Thread
      * feature is not supported on this device.
@@ -68,6 +75,15 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Returns the underlying {@link ThreadNetworkController} object or {@code null} if the current
+     * platform doesn't support it.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public ThreadNetworkController get() {
+        return mController;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Returns the Thread enabled state.
      *
      * <p>The value can be one of {@code ThreadNetworkController#STATE_*}.
@@ -191,6 +207,36 @@
         future.get(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
     }
 
+    public ThreadConfiguration getConfiguration() throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<ThreadConfiguration> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> callback = future::complete;
+        runAsShell(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.registerConfigurationCallback(directExecutor(), callback));
+        future.get(CONFIG_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+        runAsShell(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () -> mController.unregisterConfigurationCallback(callback));
+        return future.getNow(null);
+    }
+
+    public void setConfigurationAndWait(ThreadConfiguration config) throws Exception {
+        CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        runAsShell(
+                PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED,
+                () ->
+                        mController.setConfiguration(
+                                config, directExecutor(), newOutcomeReceiver(future)));
+        future.get(CONFIG_TIMEOUT.toSeconds(), SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    public void setNat64EnabledAndWait(boolean enabled) throws Exception {
+        final ThreadConfiguration config = getConfiguration();
+        final ThreadConfiguration newConfig =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(config).setNat64Enabled(enabled).build();
+        setConfigurationAndWait(newConfig);
+    }
+
     private static <V> OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException> newOutcomeReceiver(
             CompletableFuture<V> future) {
         return new OutcomeReceiver<V, ThreadNetworkException>() {
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp b/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp
index c6a24ea..53b1eca 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.rules",
         "frameworks-base-testutils",
+        "framework-configinfrastructure.stubs.module_lib",
         "framework-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
         "framework-location.stubs.module_lib",
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
index 62801bf..e3c83f1 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -147,6 +147,14 @@
         return (IOperationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[0];
     }
 
+    private static IOperationReceiver getSetConfigurationReceiver(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IOperationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[1];
+    }
+
+    private static IConfigurationReceiver getConfigurationReceiver(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
+        return (IConfigurationReceiver) invocation.getArguments()[0];
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void registerStateCallback_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
         setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
@@ -537,4 +545,68 @@
         assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
         assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setConfiguration_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity() throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        AtomicInteger successCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger errorCallbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getSetConfigurationReceiver(invoke).onSuccess();
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .setConfiguration(any(ThreadConfiguration.class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.setConfiguration(
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().build(),
+                Runnable::run,
+                v -> successCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getSetConfigurationReceiver(invoke).onError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, "");
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .setConfiguration(any(ThreadConfiguration.class), any(IOperationReceiver.class));
+        mController.setConfiguration(
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().build(),
+                Runnable::run,
+                new OutcomeReceiver<>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onResult(Void unused) {}
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onError(ThreadNetworkException e) {
+                        errorCallbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid());
+                    }
+                });
+
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(successCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(errorCallbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void registerConfigurationCallback_callbackIsInvokedWithCallingAppIdentity()
+            throws Exception {
+        setBinderUid(SYSTEM_UID);
+        AtomicInteger callbackUid = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        doAnswer(
+                        invoke -> {
+                            getConfigurationReceiver(invoke)
+                                    .onConfigurationChanged(
+                                            new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().build());
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mMockService)
+                .registerConfigurationCallback(any(IConfigurationReceiver.class));
+
+        mController.registerConfigurationCallback(
+                Runnable::run, v -> callbackUid.set(Binder.getCallingUid()));
+
+        assertThat(callbackUid.get()).isNotEqualTo(SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertThat(callbackUid.get()).isEqualTo(Process.myUid());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkSpecifierTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c83cb7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+/** Tests for {@link ThreadNetworkSpecifier}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+public final class ThreadNetworkSpecifierTest {
+    public final byte[] mExtendedPanId;
+    public final OperationalDatasetTimestamp mActiveTimestamp;
+    public final boolean mRouterEligibleForLeader;
+
+    @Parameterized.Parameters
+    public static Collection specifierArguments() {
+        var timestampNow = OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now());
+        return Arrays.asList(
+                new Object[][] {
+                    {new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, null, false},
+                    {new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2}, timestampNow, true},
+                    {new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2}, timestampNow, false},
+                });
+    }
+
+    public ThreadNetworkSpecifierTest(
+            byte[] extendedPanId,
+            OperationalDatasetTimestamp activeTimestamp,
+            boolean routerEligibleForLeader) {
+        mExtendedPanId = extendedPanId.clone();
+        mActiveTimestamp = activeTimestamp;
+        mRouterEligibleForLeader = routerEligibleForLeader;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void parcelable_parcelingIsLossLess() {
+        ThreadNetworkSpecifier specifier =
+                new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(mExtendedPanId)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(mActiveTimestamp)
+                        .setRouterEligibleForLeader(mRouterEligibleForLeader)
+                        .build();
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(specifier);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void builder_correctValuesAreSet() {
+        ThreadNetworkSpecifier specifier =
+                new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(mExtendedPanId)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(mActiveTimestamp)
+                        .setRouterEligibleForLeader(mRouterEligibleForLeader)
+                        .build();
+
+        assertThat(specifier.getExtendedPanId()).isEqualTo(mExtendedPanId);
+        assertThat(specifier.getActiveTimestamp()).isEqualTo(mActiveTimestamp);
+        assertThat(specifier.isRouterEligibleForLeader()).isEqualTo(mRouterEligibleForLeader);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void builderConstructor_specifiersAreEqual() {
+        ThreadNetworkSpecifier specifier1 =
+                new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(mExtendedPanId)
+                        .setActiveTimestamp(mActiveTimestamp)
+                        .setRouterEligibleForLeader(mRouterEligibleForLeader)
+                        .build();
+
+        ThreadNetworkSpecifier specifier2 = new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(specifier1).build();
+
+        assertThat(specifier1).isEqualTo(specifier2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void equalsTester() {
+        var timestampNow = OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(Instant.now());
+        new EqualsTester()
+                .addEqualityGroup(
+                        new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7})
+                                .setActiveTimestamp(timestampNow)
+                                .setRouterEligibleForLeader(true)
+                                .build(),
+                        new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7})
+                                .setActiveTimestamp(timestampNow)
+                                .setRouterEligibleForLeader(true)
+                                .build())
+                .addEqualityGroup(
+                        new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7})
+                                .setActiveTimestamp(null)
+                                .setRouterEligibleForLeader(false)
+                                .build(),
+                        new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7})
+                                .setActiveTimestamp(null)
+                                .setRouterEligibleForLeader(false)
+                                .build())
+                .addEqualityGroup(
+                        new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2})
+                                .setActiveTimestamp(null)
+                                .setRouterEligibleForLeader(false)
+                                .build(),
+                        new ThreadNetworkSpecifier.Builder(new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2})
+                                .setActiveTimestamp(null)
+                                .setRouterEligibleForLeader(false)
+                                .build())
+                .testEquals();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
index b97e2b7..dcbb3f5 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@
 
 import static com.android.server.thread.ThreadNetworkCountryCode.DEFAULT_COUNTRY_CODE;
 import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.ErrorCode.OT_ERROR_INVALID_STATE;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
@@ -44,6 +47,8 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
@@ -64,6 +69,7 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkAgent;
@@ -82,6 +88,7 @@
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 import android.util.AtomicFile;
 
 import androidx.test.annotation.UiThreadTest;
@@ -91,11 +98,15 @@
 
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito;
+import com.android.net.module.util.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.DnsTxtAttribute;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtStatusReceiver;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.MeshcopTxtAttributes;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.OtDaemonConfiguration;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.testing.FakeOtDaemon;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -164,8 +175,10 @@
     private static final byte[] TEST_VENDOR_OUI_BYTES = new byte[] {(byte) 0xAC, (byte) 0xDE, 0x48};
     private static final String TEST_VENDOR_NAME = "test vendor";
     private static final String TEST_MODEL_NAME = "test model";
+    private static final LinkAddress TEST_NAT64_CIDR = new LinkAddress("192.168.255.0/24");
 
     @Mock private ConnectivityManager mMockConnectivityManager;
+    @Mock private RoutingCoordinatorManager mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager;
     @Mock private NetworkAgent mMockNetworkAgent;
     @Mock private TunInterfaceController mMockTunIfController;
     @Mock private ParcelFileDescriptor mMockTunFd;
@@ -208,7 +221,10 @@
         NetworkProvider networkProvider =
                 new NetworkProvider(mContext, mTestLooper.getLooper(), "ThreadNetworkProvider");
 
-        mFakeOtDaemon = new FakeOtDaemon(handler);
+        when(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager.requestDownstreamAddress(any()))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_NAT64_CIDR);
+
+        mFakeOtDaemon = spy(new FakeOtDaemon(handler));
         when(mMockTunIfController.getTunFd()).thenReturn(mMockTunFd);
 
         when(mMockUserManager.hasUserRestriction(eq(DISALLOW_THREAD_NETWORK))).thenReturn(false);
@@ -235,6 +251,7 @@
                         networkProvider,
                         () -> mFakeOtDaemon,
                         mMockConnectivityManager,
+                        mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager,
                         mMockTunIfController,
                         mMockInfraIfController,
                         mPersistentSettings,
@@ -246,6 +263,14 @@
         mService.setTestNetworkAgent(mMockNetworkAgent);
     }
 
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        runAsShell(
+                WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                () -> DeviceConfig.deleteProperty("thread_network", "TrelFeature__enabled"));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void initialize_tunInterfaceAndNsdPublisherSetToOtDaemon() throws Exception {
         when(mMockTunIfController.getTunFd()).thenReturn(mMockTunFd);
@@ -281,6 +306,66 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void initialize_nat64Disabled_doesNotRequestNat64CidrAndConfiguresOtDaemon()
+            throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration config =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(false).build();
+        mPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(config);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, never()).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1)).setNat64Cidr(isNull(), any());
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, never()).setNat64Cidr(isNotNull(), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_nat64Enabled_requestsNat64CidrAndConfiguresAtOtDaemon()
+            throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration config =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build();
+        mPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(config);
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, times(1)).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1))
+                .setConfiguration(
+                        new OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build(),
+                        null /* receiver */);
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1)).setNat64Cidr(eq(TEST_NAT64_CIDR.toString()), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_trelFeatureDisabled_trelDisabledAtOtDaemon() throws Exception {
+        runAsShell(
+                WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                () ->
+                        DeviceConfig.setProperty(
+                                "thread_network", "TrelFeature__enabled", "false", false));
+
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.isTrelEnabled()).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void initialize_trelFeatureEnabled_setTrelEnabledAtOtDamon() throws Exception {
+        runAsShell(
+                WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                WRITE_ALLOWLISTED_DEVICE_CONFIG,
+                () ->
+                        DeviceConfig.setProperty(
+                                "thread_network", "TrelFeature__enabled", "true", false));
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mFakeOtDaemon.isTrelEnabled()).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_emptyVendorName_accepted() {
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name))).thenReturn("");
 
@@ -741,10 +826,7 @@
                         .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(false)
                         .build();
         ThreadConfiguration config2 =
-                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
-                        .setNat64Enabled(true)
-                        .setDhcpv6PdEnabled(true)
-                        .build();
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build();
         ThreadConfiguration config3 =
                 new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(config2).build(); // Same as config2
 
@@ -761,6 +843,71 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void setConfiguration_enablesNat64_requestsNat64CidrAndConfiguresOtdaemon()
+            throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        clearInvocations(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, mFakeOtDaemon);
+
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        mService.setConfiguration(
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build(), mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+        verify(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, times(1)).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1))
+                .setConfiguration(
+                        eq(new OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build()),
+                        any(IOtStatusReceiver.class));
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1))
+                .setNat64Cidr(eq(TEST_NAT64_CIDR.toString()), any(IOtStatusReceiver.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setConfiguration_enablesNat64_otDaemonRemoteFailure_serviceDoesNotCrash()
+            throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        clearInvocations(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, mFakeOtDaemon);
+        mFakeOtDaemon.setSetNat64CidrException(
+                new RemoteException("ot-daemon setNat64Cidr() throws"));
+
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        mService.setConfiguration(
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build(), mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1))
+                .setNat64Cidr(eq(TEST_NAT64_CIDR.toString()), any(IOtStatusReceiver.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setConfiguration_disablesNat64_releasesNat64CidrAndConfiguresOtdaemon()
+            throws Exception {
+        mPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build());
+        mService.initialize();
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        clearInvocations(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, mFakeOtDaemon);
+
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        mService.setConfiguration(
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(false).build(), mockReceiver);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
+        verify(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, times(1)).releaseDownstream(any());
+        verify(mMockRoutingCoordinatorManager, never()).requestDownstreamAddress(any());
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1))
+                .setConfiguration(
+                        eq(new OtDaemonConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(false).build()),
+                        any(IOtStatusReceiver.class));
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, times(1)).setNat64Cidr(isNull(), any(IOtStatusReceiver.class));
+        verify(mFakeOtDaemon, never()).setNat64Cidr(isNotNull(), any(IOtStatusReceiver.class));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void initialize_upstreamNetworkRequestHasCertainTransportTypesAndCapabilities() {
         mService.initialize();
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
index af5c9aa..640b0f1 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkShellCommandTest.java
@@ -38,8 +38,11 @@
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.IConfigurationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOutputReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Process;
 
@@ -320,4 +323,108 @@
         inOrder.verify(mOutputWriter).print("Done");
         inOrder.verify(mOutputWriter).print("\r\n");
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_getConfig_testingPermissionIsChecked() {
+        runShellCommand("config");
+
+        verify(mContext, times(1))
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                        eq("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING"), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_getConfig_serviceTimeOut_failsWithTimeoutError() {
+        runShellCommand("config");
+
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1)).registerConfigurationCallback(any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, atLeastOnce()).println(contains("timeout"));
+        verify(mOutputWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_getConfig_expectedValueIsPrinted() {
+        doAnswer(
+                        inv -> {
+                            ((IConfigurationReceiver) inv.getArgument(0))
+                                    .onConfigurationChanged(
+                                            new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                                                    .setNat64Enabled(true)
+                                                    .build());
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mControllerService)
+                .registerConfigurationCallback(any());
+
+        runShellCommand("config");
+
+        verify(mErrorWriter, never()).println();
+        verify(mOutputWriter, times(1)).println(contains("nat64Enabled=true"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_setConfig_testingPermissionIsChecked() {
+        runShellCommand("config", "nat64", "enabled");
+
+        verify(mContext, times(1))
+                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                        eq("android.permission.THREAD_NETWORK_TESTING"), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_setConfig_serviceTimeOut_failedWithTimeoutError() {
+        runShellCommand("config", "nat64", "enabled");
+
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1)).registerConfigurationCallback(any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, atLeastOnce()).println(contains("timeout"));
+        verify(mOutputWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_invalidArgument_failsWithInvalidArgumentError() {
+        doAnswer(
+                        inv -> {
+                            ((IConfigurationReceiver) inv.getArgument(0))
+                                    .onConfigurationChanged(
+                                            new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().build());
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mControllerService)
+                .registerConfigurationCallback(any());
+
+        runShellCommand("config", "invalidName", "invalidValue");
+
+        verify(mErrorWriter, atLeastOnce()).println(contains("Invalid config"));
+        verify(mOutputWriter, never()).println();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void config_setConfig_expectedValueIsSet() {
+        doAnswer(
+                        inv -> {
+                            ((IConfigurationReceiver) inv.getArgument(0))
+                                    .onConfigurationChanged(
+                                            new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                                                    .setNat64Enabled(false)
+                                                    .build());
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mControllerService)
+                .registerConfigurationCallback(any());
+        doAnswer(
+                        inv -> {
+                            ((IOperationReceiver) inv.getArgument(0)).onSuccess();
+                            return null;
+                        })
+                .when(mControllerService)
+                .setConfiguration(any(), any());
+
+        runShellCommand("config", "nat64", "enabled");
+
+        verify(mControllerService, times(1))
+                .setConfiguration(
+                        eq(new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build()), any());
+        verify(mErrorWriter, never()).println();
+        verify(mOutputWriter, never()).println();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadStateListener.java b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadStateListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21eb7d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/tests/utils/src/android/net/thread/utils/ThreadStateListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread.utils;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors.directExecutor;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * A listener for sequential Thread state updates.
+ *
+ * <p>This is a wrapper around {@link ThreadNetworkController#registerStateCallback} to make
+ * synchronized access to Thread state updates easier.
+ */
+@VisibleForTesting
+public final class ThreadStateListener {
+    private static final List<ThreadStateListener> sListeners = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final ArrayTrackRecord<Integer> mDeviceRoleUpdates = new ArrayTrackRecord<>();
+    private final ArrayTrackRecord<Integer>.ReadHead mReadHead = mDeviceRoleUpdates.newReadHead();
+    private final ThreadNetworkController mController;
+    private final StateCallback mCallback =
+            new ThreadNetworkController.StateCallback() {
+                @Override
+                public void onDeviceRoleChanged(int newRole) {
+                    mDeviceRoleUpdates.add(newRole);
+                }
+                // Add more state update trackers here
+            };
+
+    /** Creates a new {@link ThreadStateListener} object and starts listening for state updates. */
+    public static ThreadStateListener startListener(ThreadNetworkController controller) {
+        var listener = new ThreadStateListener(controller);
+        sListeners.add(listener);
+        listener.start();
+        return listener;
+    }
+
+    /** Stops all listeners created by {@link #startListener}. */
+    public static void stopAllListeners() {
+        for (var listener : sListeners) {
+            listener.stop();
+        }
+        sListeners.clear();
+    }
+
+    private ThreadStateListener(ThreadNetworkController controller) {
+        mController = controller;
+    }
+
+    private void start() {
+        runAsShell(
+                ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
+                () -> mController.registerStateCallback(directExecutor(), mCallback));
+    }
+
+    private void stop() {
+        runAsShell(ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE, () -> mController.unregisterStateCallback(mCallback));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Polls for any role in {@code roles} starting after call to {@link #startListener}.
+     *
+     * <p>Returns the matched device role or {@code null} if timeout.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Integer pollForAnyRoleOf(List<Integer> roles, Duration timeout) {
+        return mReadHead.poll(timeout.toMillis(), newRole -> (roles.contains(newRole)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/Android.bp b/tools/Android.bp
index 2c2ed14..1351eb7 100644
--- a/tools/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/Android.bp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
         "gen_jarjar.py",
         "gen_jarjar_test.py",
     ],
-    data: [
+    device_common_data: [
         "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt",
         // txt with Test classes to test they aren't included when added to jarjar excludes
         "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes-testclass.txt",