diff --git a/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt b/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
index e8fd39b..a0ce5c2 100644
--- a/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
+++ b/Cronet/tests/mts/jarjar_excludes.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Exclude some test prefixes, as they can't be found after being jarjared.
+com\.android\.testutils\..+
 # jarjar-gen can't handle some kotlin object expression, exclude packages that include them
 androidx\..+
 kotlin\.test\..+
diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 76e4af8..d33453c 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -140,6 +140,9 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "NetHttpCoverageTests"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index 898b124..4c9460b 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.api30;
 
 import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -81,14 +82,14 @@
 
     @Override
     public boolean startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac, @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac,
-            @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu) {
+            @NonNull IpPrefix sourcePrefix, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac,
+            @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac, @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu) {
         return true;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex,
-            int upstreamIfindex, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac) {
+    public boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull IpPrefix sourcePrefix, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac) {
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index 3cad1c6..119fbc6 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 
 import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -48,6 +51,9 @@
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 
 /**
  * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
@@ -196,13 +202,23 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    @NonNull
+    private TetherUpstream6Key makeUpstream6Key(int downstreamIfindex, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac,
+            @NonNull IpPrefix sourcePrefix) {
+        byte[] prefixBytes = Arrays.copyOf(sourcePrefix.getRawAddress(), 8);
+        long prefix64 = ByteBuffer.wrap(prefixBytes).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).getLong();
+        return new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac, prefix64);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public boolean startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac, @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac,
-            @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu) {
+            @NonNull IpPrefix sourcePrefix, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac,
+            @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac, @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu) {
         if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+        // RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH = 64 which is the most commonly used IPv6 subnet prefix length.
+        if (sourcePrefix.getPrefixLength() != RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH) return false;
 
-        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac);
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = makeUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac, sourcePrefix);
         final Tether6Value value = new Tether6Value(upstreamIfindex, outSrcMac,
                 outDstMac, OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6, mtu);
         try {
@@ -216,10 +232,12 @@
 
     @Override
     public boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac) {
+            @NonNull IpPrefix sourcePrefix, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac) {
         if (!isInitialized()) return false;
+        // RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH = 64 which is the most commonly used IPv6 subnet prefix length.
+        if (sourcePrefix.getPrefixLength() != RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH) return false;
 
-        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac);
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = makeUpstream6Key(downstreamIfindex, inDstMac, sourcePrefix);
         try {
             mBpfUpstream6Map.deleteEntry(key);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
index 51cecfe..25fa8bc 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering.apishim.common;
 
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
@@ -79,25 +80,27 @@
 
      * @param downstreamIfindex the downstream interface index
      * @param upstreamIfindex the upstream interface index
+     * @param sourcePrefix the source IPv6 prefix
      * @param inDstMac the destination MAC address to use for XDP
      * @param outSrcMac the source MAC address to use for packets
      * @param outDstMac the destination MAC address to use for packets
      * @return true if operation succeeded or was a no-op, false otherwise
      */
     public abstract boolean startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac, @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac,
-            @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu);
+            @NonNull IpPrefix sourcePrefix, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac,
+            @NonNull MacAddress outSrcMac, @NonNull MacAddress outDstMac, int mtu);
 
     /**
      * Stops IPv6 forwarding between the specified interfaces.
 
      * @param downstreamIfindex the downstream interface index
      * @param upstreamIfindex the upstream interface index
+     * @param sourcePrefix the valid source IPv6 prefix
      * @param inDstMac the destination MAC address to use for XDP
      * @return true if operation succeeded or was a no-op, false otherwise
      */
-    public abstract boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex,
-            int upstreamIfindex, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac);
+    public abstract boolean stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(int downstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull IpPrefix sourcePrefix, @NonNull MacAddress inDstMac);
 
     /**
      * Return BPF tethering offload statistics.
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index 6affb62..56b5c2e 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.checkStaticAddressConfiguration;
 import static android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer.STATUS_SUCCESS;
-import static android.net.util.NetworkConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
 import static android.net.util.NetworkConstants.asByte;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState.isVcnInterface;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringMessageBase.BASE_IPSERVER;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
index 18c2171..50d6c4b 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/RouterAdvertisementDaemon.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package android.net.ip;
 
-import static android.net.util.NetworkConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_RAW;
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_MIN_MTU;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.PIO_FLAG_AUTONOMOUS;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.PIO_FLAG_ON_LINK;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_NEIGHBOR;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getAllNodesForScopeId;
 
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 976f5df..f22ccbd 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
 import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.MacAddress;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@
     private static final int DUMP_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
     private static final MacAddress NULL_MAC_ADDRESS = MacAddress.fromString(
             "00:00:00:00:00:00");
+    private static final IpPrefix IPV6_ZERO_PREFIX64 = new IpPrefix("::/64");
     private static final String TETHER_DOWNSTREAM4_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath(DOWNSTREAM, 4);
     private static final String TETHER_UPSTREAM4_MAP_PATH = makeMapPath(UPSTREAM, 4);
     private static final String TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH = makeMapPath(DOWNSTREAM, 6);
@@ -615,8 +617,9 @@
             final int upstream = rule.upstreamIfindex;
             // TODO: support upstream forwarding on non-point-to-point interfaces.
             // TODO: get the MTU from LinkProperties and update the rules when it changes.
-            if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(downstream, upstream, rule.srcMac,
-                    NULL_MAC_ADDRESS, NULL_MAC_ADDRESS, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU)) {
+            if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.startUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(downstream, upstream,
+                    IPV6_ZERO_PREFIX64, rule.srcMac, NULL_MAC_ADDRESS, NULL_MAC_ADDRESS,
+                    NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU)) {
                 mLog.e("Failed to enable upstream IPv6 forwarding from "
                         + getIfName(downstream) + " to " + getIfName(upstream));
             }
@@ -657,7 +660,7 @@
             final int downstream = rule.downstreamIfindex;
             final int upstream = rule.upstreamIfindex;
             if (!mBpfCoordinatorShim.stopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(downstream, upstream,
-                    rule.srcMac)) {
+                    IPV6_ZERO_PREFIX64, rule.srcMac)) {
                 mLog.e("Failed to disable upstream IPv6 forwarding from "
                         + getIfName(downstream) + " to " + getIfName(upstream));
             }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
index de15c5b..53c80ae 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterface.java
@@ -283,13 +283,16 @@
 
     private int initWithHandles(NativeHandle h1, NativeHandle h2) {
         if (h1 == null || h2 == null) {
+            // Set mIOffload to null has two purposes:
+            // 1. NativeHandles can be closed after initWithHandles() fails
+            // 2. Prevent mIOffload.stopOffload() to be called in stopOffload()
+            mIOffload = null;
             mLog.e("Failed to create socket.");
             return OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
         }
 
         requestSocketDump(h1);
         if (!mIOffload.initOffload(h1, h2, mOffloadHalCallback)) {
-            mIOffload.stopOffload();
             mLog.e("Failed to initialize offload.");
             return OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
         }
@@ -329,9 +332,9 @@
         mOffloadHalCallback = offloadCb;
         final int version = initWithHandles(h1, h2);
 
-        // Explicitly close FDs for HIDL. AIDL will pass the original FDs to the service,
-        // they shouldn't be closed here.
-        if (version < OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL) {
+        // Explicitly close FDs for HIDL or when mIOffload is null (cleared in initWithHandles).
+        // AIDL will pass the original FDs to the service, they shouldn't be closed here.
+        if (mIOffload == null || mIOffload.getVersion() < OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL) {
             maybeCloseFdInNativeHandles(h1, h2);
         }
         return version;
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
index 5893885..36a1c3c 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetherUpstream6Key.java
@@ -29,13 +29,17 @@
     @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S32)
     public final int iif; // The input interface index.
 
-    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48, padding = 2)
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.EUI48, padding = 6)
     public final MacAddress dstMac; // Destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress).
 
-    public TetherUpstream6Key(int iif, @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac) {
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S64)
+    public final long src64; // The top 64-bits of the source ip.
+
+    public TetherUpstream6Key(int iif, @NonNull final MacAddress dstMac, long src64) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(dstMac);
 
         this.iif = iif;
         this.dstMac = dstMac;
+        this.src64 = src64;
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
index b0aa668..fe70820 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
      * config_tether_upstream_automatic when set to true.
      *
      * This flag is enabled if !=0 and less than the module APEX version: see
-     * {@link DeviceConfigUtils#isFeatureEnabled}. It is also ignored after R, as later devices
-     * should just set config_tether_upstream_automatic to true instead.
+     * {@link DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureEnabled}. It is also ignored after R, as later
+     * devices should just set config_tether_upstream_automatic to true instead.
      */
     public static final String TETHER_FORCE_UPSTREAM_AUTOMATIC_VERSION =
             "tether_force_upstream_automatic_version";
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
     public static class Dependencies {
         boolean isFeatureEnabled(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String namespace,
                 @NonNull String name, @NonNull String moduleName, boolean defaultEnabled) {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(context, namespace, name,
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(context, namespace, name,
                     moduleName, defaultEnabled);
         }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index 46e50ef..464778f 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@
             throws Exception {
         if (!mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
         final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index,
-                TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr);
+                TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, 0);
         final Tether6Value value = new Tether6Value(upstreamIfindex,
                 MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
                 ETH_P_IPV6, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@
             throws Exception {
         if (!mBpfDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
         final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index,
-                TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr);
+                TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.macAddr, 0);
         verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfUpstream6Map).deleteEntry(key);
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index 4f32f3c..8bc4c18 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
     private void verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(@Nullable InOrder inOrder, int downstreamIfIndex,
             MacAddress downstreamMac, int upstreamIfindex) throws Exception {
         if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
-        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfIndex, downstreamMac);
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfIndex, downstreamMac, 0);
         final Tether6Value value = new Tether6Value(upstreamIfindex,
                 MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
                 ETH_P_IPV6, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
             MacAddress downstreamMac)
             throws Exception {
         if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
-        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfIndex, downstreamMac);
+        final TetherUpstream6Key key = new TetherUpstream6Key(downstreamIfIndex, downstreamMac, 0);
         verifyWithOrder(inOrder, mBpfUpstream6Map).deleteEntry(key);
     }
 
@@ -2192,7 +2192,7 @@
         mBpfDownstream6Map.insertEntry(rule.makeTetherDownstream6Key(), rule.makeTether6Value());
 
         final TetherUpstream6Key upstream6Key = new TetherUpstream6Key(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX,
-                DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
+                DOWNSTREAM_MAC, 0);
         final Tether6Value upstream6Value = new Tether6Value(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX,
                 MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
                 ETH_P_IPV6, NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU);
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
index b1f875b..4413d26 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/OffloadHardwareInterfaceTest.java
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNIX;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_STREAM;
 
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_NEW;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_1;
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
@@ -57,7 +60,6 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
@@ -75,8 +77,9 @@
     private OffloadHardwareInterface mOffloadHw;
     private OffloadHalCallback mOffloadHalCallback;
 
-    @Mock private IOffloadHal mIOffload;
-    @Mock private NativeHandle mNativeHandle;
+    private IOffloadHal mIOffload;
+    private NativeHandle mNativeHandle1;
+    private NativeHandle mNativeHandle2;
 
     // Random values to test Netlink message.
     private static final short TEST_TYPE = 184;
@@ -97,7 +100,9 @@
 
         @Override
         public NativeHandle createConntrackSocket(final int groups) {
-            return mNativeHandle;
+            return groups == (NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_NEW | NF_NETLINK_CONNTRACK_DESTROY)
+                    ? mNativeHandle1
+                    : mNativeHandle2;
         }
     }
 
@@ -105,45 +110,89 @@
     public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         mOffloadHalCallback = new OffloadHalCallback();
-        when(mIOffload.initOffload(any(NativeHandle.class), any(NativeHandle.class),
-                any(OffloadHalCallback.class))).thenReturn(true);
+        mIOffload = mock(IOffloadHal.class);
     }
 
-    private void startOffloadHardwareInterface(int offloadHalVersion)
+    private void startOffloadHardwareInterface(int offloadHalVersion, boolean isHalInitSuccess)
             throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(offloadHalVersion, isHalInitSuccess, mock(NativeHandle.class),
+                mock(NativeHandle.class));
+    }
+
+    private void startOffloadHardwareInterface(int offloadHalVersion, boolean isHalInitSuccess,
+            NativeHandle handle1, NativeHandle handle2) throws Exception {
         final SharedLog log = new SharedLog("test");
         final Handler handler = new Handler(mTestLooper.getLooper());
-        final int num = offloadHalVersion != OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE ? 1 : 0;
+        final boolean hasNullHandle = handle1 == null || handle2 == null;
+        // If offloadHalVersion is OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE or it has null NativeHandle arguments,
+        // mIOffload.initOffload() shouldn't be called.
+        final int initNum = (offloadHalVersion != OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE && !hasNullHandle)
+                ? 1
+                : 0;
+        // If it is HIDL or has null NativeHandle argument, NativeHandles should be closed.
+        final int handleCloseNum = (hasNullHandle
+                || offloadHalVersion == OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0
+                || offloadHalVersion == OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_1) ? 1 : 0;
+        mNativeHandle1 = handle1;
+        mNativeHandle2 = handle2;
+        when(mIOffload.initOffload(any(NativeHandle.class), any(NativeHandle.class),
+                any(OffloadHalCallback.class))).thenReturn(isHalInitSuccess);
         mOffloadHw = new OffloadHardwareInterface(handler, log,
                 new MyDependencies(handler, log, offloadHalVersion));
-        assertEquals(offloadHalVersion, mOffloadHw.initOffload(mOffloadHalCallback));
-        verify(mIOffload, times(num)).initOffload(any(NativeHandle.class), any(NativeHandle.class),
-                eq(mOffloadHalCallback));
+        assertEquals(isHalInitSuccess && !hasNullHandle
+                ? offloadHalVersion
+                : OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE,
+                mOffloadHw.initOffload(mOffloadHalCallback));
+        verify(mIOffload, times(initNum)).initOffload(any(NativeHandle.class),
+                any(NativeHandle.class), eq(mOffloadHalCallback));
+        if (mNativeHandle1 != null) verify(mNativeHandle1, times(handleCloseNum)).close();
+        if (mNativeHandle2 != null) verify(mNativeHandle2, times(handleCloseNum)).close();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testInitFailureWithNoHal() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testInitSuccessWithAidl() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testInitSuccessWithHidl_1_0() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testInitSuccessWithHidl_1_1() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_1);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFailWithAidl() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFailWithHidl_1_0() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFailWithHidl_1_1() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_1, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitFailDueToNullHandles() throws Exception {
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_AIDL, true, mock(NativeHandle.class),
+                null);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testGetForwardedStats() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
         ForwardedStats stats = new ForwardedStats(12345, 56780);
         when(mIOffload.getForwardedStats(anyString())).thenReturn(stats);
         assertEquals(mOffloadHw.getForwardedStats(RMNET0), stats);
@@ -152,7 +201,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetLocalPrefixes() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
         final ArrayList<String> localPrefixes = new ArrayList<>();
         localPrefixes.add("127.0.0.0/8");
         localPrefixes.add("fe80::/64");
@@ -165,7 +214,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetDataLimit() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
         final long limit = 12345;
         when(mIOffload.setDataLimit(anyString(), anyLong())).thenReturn(true);
         assertTrue(mOffloadHw.setDataLimit(RMNET0, limit));
@@ -177,7 +226,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testSetDataWarningAndLimitFailureWithHidl_1_0() throws Exception {
         // Verify V1.0 control HAL would reject the function call with exception.
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
         final long warning = 12345;
         final long limit = 67890;
         assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class,
@@ -187,7 +236,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testSetDataWarningAndLimit() throws Exception {
         // Verify V1.1 control HAL could receive this function call.
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_1);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_1, true);
         final long warning = 12345;
         final long limit = 67890;
         when(mIOffload.setDataWarningAndLimit(anyString(), anyLong(), anyLong())).thenReturn(true);
@@ -199,7 +248,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetUpstreamParameters() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
         final String v4addr = "192.168.10.1";
         final String v4gateway = "192.168.10.255";
         final ArrayList<String> v6gws = new ArrayList<>(0);
@@ -220,7 +269,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testUpdateDownstream() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
         final String ifName = "wlan1";
         final String prefix = "192.168.43.0/24";
         when(mIOffload.addDownstream(anyString(), anyString())).thenReturn(true);
@@ -237,7 +286,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSendIpv4NfGenMsg() throws Exception {
-        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0);
+        startOffloadHardwareInterface(OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0, true);
         FileDescriptor writeSocket = new FileDescriptor();
         FileDescriptor readSocket = new FileDescriptor();
         try {
@@ -246,9 +295,9 @@
             fail();
             return;
         }
-        when(mNativeHandle.getFileDescriptor()).thenReturn(writeSocket);
+        when(mNativeHandle1.getFileDescriptor()).thenReturn(writeSocket);
 
-        mOffloadHw.sendIpv4NfGenMsg(mNativeHandle, TEST_TYPE, TEST_FLAGS);
+        mOffloadHw.sendIpv4NfGenMsg(mNativeHandle1, TEST_TYPE, TEST_FLAGS);
 
         ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(9823);  // Arbitrary value > expectedLen.
         buffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 9c6904d..770507e 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_HIDL_1_0;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.OffloadHardwareInterface.OFFLOAD_HAL_VERSION_NONE;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TestConnectivityManager.BROADCAST_FIRST;
@@ -157,7 +158,6 @@
 import android.net.ip.DadProxy;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
 import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon;
-import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
 import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiClient;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
             prop.addDnsServer(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"));
             prop.addLinkAddress(
                     new LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::"),
-                            NetworkConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH));
+                            RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH));
             prop.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0),
                     InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
                     interfaceName, RTN_UNICAST));
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.h b/bpf_progs/netd.h
index be604f9..dcf6d6a 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.h
@@ -55,21 +55,22 @@
 } StatsValue;
 STRUCT_SIZE(StatsValue, 4 * 8);  // 32
 
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+static inline StatsValue& operator+=(StatsValue& lhs, const StatsValue& rhs) {
+    lhs.rxPackets += rhs.rxPackets;
+    lhs.rxBytes += rhs.rxBytes;
+    lhs.txPackets += rhs.txPackets;
+    lhs.txBytes += rhs.txBytes;
+    return lhs;
+}
+#endif
+
 typedef struct {
     char name[IFNAMSIZ];
 } IfaceValue;
 STRUCT_SIZE(IfaceValue, 16);
 
 typedef struct {
-    uint64_t rxBytes;
-    uint64_t rxPackets;
-    uint64_t txBytes;
-    uint64_t txPackets;
-    uint64_t tcpRxPackets;
-    uint64_t tcpTxPackets;
-} Stats;
-
-typedef struct {
   uint64_t timestampNs;
   uint32_t ifindex;
   uint32_t length;
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.c b/bpf_progs/offload.c
index 8645dd7..c752779 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@
 
     TetherUpstream6Key ku = {
             .iif = skb->ifindex,
+            .src64 = 0,
     };
     if (is_ethernet) __builtin_memcpy(downstream ? kd.dstMac : ku.dstMac, eth->h_dest, ETH_ALEN);
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/offload.h b/bpf_progs/offload.h
index 9dae6c9..1e28f01 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/offload.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/offload.h
@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t iif;              // The input interface index
     uint8_t dstMac[ETH_ALEN];  // destination ethernet mac address (zeroed iff rawip ingress)
-    uint8_t zero[2];           // zero pad for 8 byte alignment
-                               // TODO: extend this to include src ip /64 subnet
+    uint8_t zero[6];           // zero pad for 8 byte alignment
+    uint64_t src64;            // Top 64-bits of the src ip
 } TetherUpstream6Key;
-STRUCT_SIZE(TetherUpstream6Key, 12);
+STRUCT_SIZE(TetherUpstream6Key, 4 + 6 + 6 + 8);  // 24
 
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t iif;              // The input interface index
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index ffa2857..9520ef6 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -82,6 +82,17 @@
     visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
 }
 
+// The filegroup lists files that are necessary for verifying building mdns as a standalone,
+// for use with service-connectivity-mdns-standalone-build-test
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-t-mdns-standalone-build-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java",
+        "src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java",
+    ],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
 java_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity-t-pre-jarjar",
     defaults: ["framework-connectivity-t-defaults"],
diff --git a/framework-t/api/OWNERS b/framework-t/api/OWNERS
index de0f905..af583c3 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/OWNERS
+++ b/framework-t/api/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:master:/nearby/OWNERS
+file:platform/packages/modules/Connectivity:master:/remoteauth/OWNERS
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
index 87b0a64..64762b4 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
@@ -348,3 +348,43 @@
 
 }
 
+package android.net.nsd {
+
+  public final class NsdManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void registerOffloadEngine(@NonNull String, long, long, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void unregisterOffloadEngine(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine);
+  }
+
+  public interface OffloadEngine {
+    method public void onOffloadServiceRemoved(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo);
+    method public void onOffloadServiceUpdated(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo);
+    field public static final int OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_REPLIES = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+  public final class OffloadServiceInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public OffloadServiceInfo(@NonNull android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo.Key, @NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>, @NonNull String, @Nullable byte[], @IntRange(from=0, to=java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE) int, long);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getHostname();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo.Key getKey();
+    method @Nullable public byte[] getOffloadPayload();
+    method public long getOffloadType();
+    method public int getPriority();
+    method @NonNull public java.util.List<java.lang.String> getSubtypes();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class OffloadServiceInfo.Key implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public OffloadServiceInfo.Key(@NonNull String, @NonNull String);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getServiceName();
+    method @NonNull public String getServiceType();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo.Key> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
index dc4ac55..a69b38d 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
@@ -683,33 +683,13 @@
     /** {@hide} */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
     public static long getMobileTcpRxPackets() {
-        long total = 0;
-        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
-            long stat = UNSUPPORTED;
-            try {
-                stat = getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_TCP_RX_PACKETS);
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-            }
-            total += addIfSupported(stat);
-        }
-        return total;
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
     }
 
     /** {@hide} */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
     public static long getMobileTcpTxPackets() {
-        long total = 0;
-        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
-            long stat = UNSUPPORTED;
-            try {
-                stat = getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_TCP_TX_PACKETS);
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-            }
-            total += addIfSupported(stat);
-        }
-        return total;
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1141,8 +1121,4 @@
     public static final int TYPE_TX_BYTES = 2;
     /** {@hide} */
     public static final int TYPE_TX_PACKETS = 3;
-    /** {@hide} */
-    public static final int TYPE_TCP_RX_PACKETS = 4;
-    /** {@hide} */
-    public static final int TYPE_TCP_TX_PACKETS = 5;
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
index 5533154..e671db1 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.net.nsd;
 
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
+import android.net.nsd.IOffloadEngine;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
 import android.os.Messenger;
 
@@ -35,4 +36,6 @@
     void stopResolution(int listenerKey);
     void registerServiceInfoCallback(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
     void unregisterServiceInfoCallback(int listenerKey);
+    void registerOffloadEngine(String ifaceName, in IOffloadEngine cb, long offloadCapabilities, long offloadType);
+    void unregisterOffloadEngine(in IOffloadEngine cb);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/IOffloadEngine.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/IOffloadEngine.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2af733d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/IOffloadEngine.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo;
+
+/**
+ * Callbacks from NsdService to inform providers of packet offload.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface IOffloadEngine {
+    void onOffloadServiceUpdated(in OffloadServiceInfo info);
+    void onOffloadServiceRemoved(in OffloadServiceInfo info);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
index 2930cbd..ef0e34b 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.net.nsd;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.ENABLE_PLATFORM_MDNS_BACKEND;
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS_T_AND_LATER;
 
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
 import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.SystemService;
 import android.app.compat.CompatChanges;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -45,9 +49,11 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
@@ -246,6 +252,10 @@
     public static final int UNREGISTER_SERVICE_CALLBACK             = 31;
     /** @hide */
     public static final int UNREGISTER_SERVICE_CALLBACK_SUCCEEDED   = 32;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int REGISTER_OFFLOAD_ENGINE                 = 33;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int UNREGISTER_OFFLOAD_ENGINE               = 34;
 
     /** Dns based service discovery protocol */
     public static final int PROTOCOL_DNS_SD = 0x0001;
@@ -313,8 +323,107 @@
     private final ArrayMap<Integer, PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker>
             mPerNetworkDiscoveryMap = new ArrayMap<>();
 
+    @GuardedBy("mOffloadEngines")
+    private final ArrayList<OffloadEngineProxy> mOffloadEngines = new ArrayList<>();
     private final ServiceHandler mHandler;
 
+    private static class OffloadEngineProxy extends IOffloadEngine.Stub {
+        private final Executor mExecutor;
+        private final OffloadEngine mEngine;
+
+        private OffloadEngineProxy(@NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull OffloadEngine appCb) {
+            mExecutor = executor;
+            mEngine = appCb;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOffloadServiceUpdated(OffloadServiceInfo info) {
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> mEngine.onOffloadServiceUpdated(info));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOffloadServiceRemoved(OffloadServiceInfo info) {
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> mEngine.onOffloadServiceRemoved(info));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers an OffloadEngine with NsdManager.
+     *
+     * A caller can register itself as an OffloadEngine if it supports mDns hardware offload.
+     * The caller must implement the {@link OffloadEngine} interface and update hardware offload
+     * state property when the {@link OffloadEngine#onOffloadServiceUpdated} and
+     * {@link OffloadEngine#onOffloadServiceRemoved} callback are called. Multiple engines may be
+     * registered for the same interface, and that the same engine cannot be registered twice.
+     *
+     * @param ifaceName  indicates which network interface the hardware offload runs on
+     * @param offloadType    the type of offload that the offload engine support
+     * @param offloadCapability    the capabilities of the offload engine
+     * @param executor   the executor on which to receive the offload callbacks
+     * @param engine     the OffloadEngine that will receive the offload callbacks
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if the engine is already registered.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void registerOffloadEngine(@NonNull String ifaceName,
+            @OffloadEngine.OffloadType long offloadType,
+            @OffloadEngine.OffloadCapability long offloadCapability, @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OffloadEngine engine) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ifaceName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(engine);
+        final OffloadEngineProxy cbImpl = new OffloadEngineProxy(executor, engine);
+        synchronized (mOffloadEngines) {
+            if (CollectionUtils.contains(mOffloadEngines, impl -> impl.mEngine == engine)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("This engine is already registered");
+            }
+            mOffloadEngines.add(cbImpl);
+        }
+        try {
+            mService.registerOffloadEngine(ifaceName, cbImpl, offloadCapability, offloadType);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters an OffloadEngine from NsdService.
+     *
+     * A caller can unregister itself as an OffloadEngine when it doesn't want to receive the
+     * callback anymore. The OffloadEngine must have been previously registered with the system
+     * using the {@link NsdManager#registerOffloadEngine} method.
+     *
+     * @param engine OffloadEngine object to be removed from NsdService
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if the engine is not registered.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void unregisterOffloadEngine(@NonNull OffloadEngine engine) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(engine);
+        final OffloadEngineProxy cbImpl;
+        synchronized (mOffloadEngines) {
+            final int index = CollectionUtils.indexOf(mOffloadEngines,
+                    impl -> impl.mEngine == engine);
+            if (index < 0) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("This engine is not registered");
+            }
+            cbImpl = mOffloadEngines.remove(index);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mService.unregisterOffloadEngine(cbImpl);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
     private class PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker {
         final String mServiceType;
         final int mProtocolType;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b566b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadEngine.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.annotation.LongDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+/**
+ * OffloadEngine is an interface for mDns hardware offloading.
+ *
+ * An offloading engine can interact with the firmware code to instruct the hardware to
+ * offload some of mDns network traffic before it reached android OS. This can improve the
+ * power consumption performance of the host system by not always waking up the OS to handle
+ * the mDns packet when the device is in low power mode.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public interface OffloadEngine {
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the OffloadEngine can generate replies to mDns queries.
+     *
+     * @see OffloadServiceInfo#getOffloadPayload()
+     */
+    int OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY = 1;
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the OffloadEngine can filter and drop mDns queries.
+     */
+    int OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES = 1 << 1;
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the OffloadEngine can filter and drop mDns replies. It can allow mDns packets
+     * to be received even when no app holds a {@link android.net.wifi.WifiManager.MulticastLock}.
+     */
+    int OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_REPLIES = 1 << 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the OffloadEngine can bypass multicast lock.
+     */
+    int OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @LongDef(flag = true, prefix = {"OFFLOAD_TYPE"}, value = {
+            OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY,
+            OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES,
+            OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_REPLIES,
+    })
+    @interface OffloadType {}
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @LongDef(flag = true, prefix = {"OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY"}, value = {
+            OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK
+    })
+    @interface OffloadCapability {}
+
+    /**
+     * To be called when the OffloadServiceInfo is added or updated.
+     *
+     * @param info The OffloadServiceInfo to add or update.
+     */
+    void onOffloadServiceUpdated(@NonNull OffloadServiceInfo info);
+
+    /**
+     * To be called when the OffloadServiceInfo is removed.
+     *
+     * @param info The OffloadServiceInfo to remove.
+     */
+    void onOffloadServiceRemoved(@NonNull OffloadServiceInfo info);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bd5a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * The OffloadServiceInfo class contains all the necessary information the OffloadEngine needs to
+ * know about how to offload an mDns service. The OffloadServiceInfo is keyed on
+ * {@link OffloadServiceInfo.Key} which is a (serviceName, serviceType) pair.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class OffloadServiceInfo implements Parcelable {
+    @NonNull
+    private final Key mKey;
+    @NonNull
+    private final String mHostname;
+    @NonNull final List<String> mSubtypes;
+    @Nullable
+    private final byte[] mOffloadPayload;
+    private final int mPriority;
+    private final long mOffloadType;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new OffloadServiceInfo object with the specified parameters.
+     *
+     * @param key The key of the service.
+     * @param subtypes The list of subTypes of the service.
+     * @param hostname The name of the host offering the service. It is meaningful only when
+     *                 offloadType contains OFFLOAD_REPLY.
+     * @param offloadPayload The raw udp payload for hardware offloading.
+     * @param priority The priority of the service, @see #getPriority.
+     * @param offloadType The type of the service offload, @see #getOffloadType.
+     */
+    public OffloadServiceInfo(@NonNull Key key,
+            @NonNull List<String> subtypes, @NonNull String hostname,
+            @Nullable byte[] offloadPayload,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = Integer.MAX_VALUE) int priority,
+            @OffloadEngine.OffloadType long offloadType) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(key);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(subtypes);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(hostname);
+        mKey = key;
+        mSubtypes = subtypes;
+        mHostname = hostname;
+        mOffloadPayload = offloadPayload;
+        mPriority = priority;
+        mOffloadType = offloadType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new OffloadServiceInfo object from a Parcel.
+     *
+     * @param in The Parcel to read the object from.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public OffloadServiceInfo(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        mKey = in.readParcelable(Key.class.getClassLoader(),
+                Key.class);
+        mSubtypes = in.createStringArrayList();
+        mHostname = in.readString();
+        mOffloadPayload = in.createByteArray();
+        mPriority = in.readInt();
+        mOffloadType = in.readLong();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeParcelable(mKey, flags);
+        dest.writeStringList(mSubtypes);
+        dest.writeString(mHostname);
+        dest.writeByteArray(mOffloadPayload);
+        dest.writeInt(mPriority);
+        dest.writeLong(mOffloadType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<OffloadServiceInfo> CREATOR = new Creator<OffloadServiceInfo>() {
+        @Override
+        public OffloadServiceInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new OffloadServiceInfo(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public OffloadServiceInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new OffloadServiceInfo[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Get the {@link Key}.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Key getKey() {
+        return mKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the host name. (e.g. "Android.local" )
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getHostname() {
+        return mHostname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the service subtypes. (e.g. ["_ann"] )
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<String> getSubtypes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(mSubtypes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the raw udp payload that the OffloadEngine can use to directly reply the incoming query.
+     * <p>
+     * It is null if the OffloadEngine can not handle transmit. The packet must be sent as-is when
+     * replying to query.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public byte[] getOffloadPayload() {
+        if (mOffloadPayload == null) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            return mOffloadPayload.clone();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the offloadType.
+     * <p>
+     * For example, if the {@link com.android.server.NsdService} requests the OffloadEngine to both
+     * filter the mDNS queries and replies, the {@link #mOffloadType} =
+     * ({@link OffloadEngine#OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_QUERIES} |
+     * {@link OffloadEngine#OFFLOAD_TYPE_FILTER_REPLIES}).
+     */
+    @OffloadEngine.OffloadType public long getOffloadType() {
+        return mOffloadType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the priority for the OffloadServiceInfo.
+     * <p>
+     * When OffloadEngine don't have enough resource
+     * (e.g. not enough memory) to offload all the OffloadServiceInfo. The OffloadServiceInfo
+     * having lower priority values should be handled by the OffloadEngine first.
+     */
+    public int getPriority() {
+        return mPriority;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only for debug purpose, the string can be long as the raw packet is dump in the string.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format(
+                "OffloadServiceInfo{ mOffloadServiceInfoKey=%s, mHostName=%s, "
+                        + "mOffloadPayload=%s, mPriority=%d, mOffloadType=%d, mSubTypes=%s }",
+                mKey,
+                mHostname, HexDump.dumpHexString(mOffloadPayload), mPriority,
+                mOffloadType, mSubtypes.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (!(o instanceof OffloadServiceInfo)) return false;
+        OffloadServiceInfo that = (OffloadServiceInfo) o;
+        return mPriority == that.mPriority && mOffloadType == that.mOffloadType
+                && mKey.equals(that.mKey)
+                && mHostname.equals(
+                that.mHostname) && Arrays.equals(mOffloadPayload,
+                that.mOffloadPayload)
+                && mSubtypes.equals(that.mSubtypes);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = Objects.hash(mKey, mHostname, mPriority,
+                mOffloadType, mSubtypes);
+        result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(mOffloadPayload);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The {@link OffloadServiceInfo.Key} is the (serviceName, serviceType) pair.
+     */
+    public static final class Key implements Parcelable {
+        @NonNull
+        private final String mServiceName;
+        @NonNull
+        private final String mServiceType;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new OffloadServiceInfoKey object with the specified parameters.
+         *
+         * @param serviceName The name of the service.
+         * @param serviceType The type of the service.
+         */
+        public Key(@NonNull String serviceName, @NonNull String serviceType) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(serviceName);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(serviceType);
+            mServiceName = serviceName;
+            mServiceType = serviceType;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new OffloadServiceInfoKey object from a Parcel.
+         *
+         * @param in The Parcel to read the object from.
+         *
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public Key(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+            mServiceName = in.readString();
+            mServiceType = in.readString();
+        }
+        /**
+         * Get the service name. (e.g. "NsdChat")
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public String getServiceName() {
+            return mServiceName;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the service type. (e.g. "_http._tcp.local" )
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public String getServiceType() {
+            return mServiceType;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+            dest.writeString(mServiceName);
+            dest.writeString(mServiceType);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int describeContents() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        public static final Creator<Key> CREATOR =
+                new Creator<Key>() {
+            @Override
+            public Key createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                return new Key(in);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Key[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new Key[size];
+            }
+        };
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (!(o instanceof Key)) return false;
+            Key that = (Key) o;
+            return Objects.equals(mServiceName, that.mServiceName) && Objects.equals(
+                    mServiceType, that.mServiceType);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mServiceName, mServiceType);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("OffloadServiceInfoKey{ mServiceName=%s, mServiceType=%s }",
+                    mServiceName, mServiceType);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa7aef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable OffloadServiceInfo;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/jarjar-excludes.txt b/framework/jarjar-excludes.txt
index 9b48d57..1ac5e8e 100644
--- a/framework/jarjar-excludes.txt
+++ b/framework/jarjar-excludes.txt
@@ -27,4 +27,10 @@
 # Don't touch anything that's already under android.net.http (cronet)
 # This is required since android.net.http contains api classes and hidden classes.
 # TODO: Remove this after hidden classes are moved to different package
-android\.net\.http\..+
\ No newline at end of file
+android\.net\.http\..+
+
+# TODO: OffloadServiceInfo is being added as an API, but wasn't an API yet in the first module
+# versions targeting U. Do not jarjar it such versions so that tests do not have to cover both
+# cases. This will be removed in an upcoming change marking it as API.
+android\.net\.nsd\.OffloadServiceInfo(\$.+)?
+android\.net\.nsd\.OffloadEngine(\$.+)?
diff --git a/service-t/Android.bp b/service-t/Android.bp
index 7de749c..c277cf6 100644
--- a/service-t/Android.bp
+++ b/service-t/Android.bp
@@ -88,8 +88,9 @@
     name: "service-connectivity-mdns-standalone-build-test",
     sdk_version: "core_platform",
     srcs: [
-        ":service-mdns-droidstubs",
         "src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/**/*.java",
+        ":framework-connectivity-t-mdns-standalone-build-sources",
+        ":service-mdns-droidstubs"
     ],
     exclude_srcs: [
         "src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java",
diff --git a/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
index dab9d07..bdbb655 100644
--- a/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
+++ b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 using android::bpf::bpfGetUidStats;
 using android::bpf::bpfGetIfaceStats;
+using android::bpf::bpfGetIfIndexStats;
 using android::bpf::NetworkTraceHandler;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -46,11 +47,9 @@
     RX_PACKETS = 1,
     TX_BYTES = 2,
     TX_PACKETS = 3,
-    TCP_RX_PACKETS = 4,
-    TCP_TX_PACKETS = 5
 };
 
-static uint64_t getStatsType(Stats* stats, StatsType type) {
+static uint64_t getStatsType(StatsValue* stats, StatsType type) {
     switch (type) {
         case RX_BYTES:
             return stats->rxBytes;
@@ -60,17 +59,13 @@
             return stats->txBytes;
         case TX_PACKETS:
             return stats->txPackets;
-        case TCP_RX_PACKETS:
-            return stats->tcpRxPackets;
-        case TCP_TX_PACKETS:
-            return stats->tcpTxPackets;
         default:
             return UNKNOWN;
     }
 }
 
 static jlong nativeGetTotalStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint type) {
-    Stats stats = {};
+    StatsValue stats = {};
 
     if (bpfGetIfaceStats(NULL, &stats) == 0) {
         return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
@@ -85,7 +80,7 @@
         return UNKNOWN;
     }
 
-    Stats stats = {};
+    StatsValue stats = {};
 
     if (bpfGetIfaceStats(iface8.c_str(), &stats) == 0) {
         return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
@@ -94,8 +89,17 @@
     }
 }
 
+static jlong nativeGetIfIndexStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint ifindex, jint type) {
+    StatsValue stats = {};
+    if (bpfGetIfIndexStats(ifindex, &stats) == 0) {
+        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
+    } else {
+        return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+}
+
 static jlong nativeGetUidStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint uid, jint type) {
-    Stats stats = {};
+    StatsValue stats = {};
 
     if (bpfGetUidStats(uid, &stats) == 0) {
         return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
@@ -111,6 +115,7 @@
 static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
         {"nativeGetTotalStat", "(I)J", (void*)nativeGetTotalStat},
         {"nativeGetIfaceStat", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)J", (void*)nativeGetIfaceStat},
+        {"nativeGetIfIndexStat", "(II)J", (void*)nativeGetIfIndexStat},
         {"nativeGetUidStat", "(II)J", (void*)nativeGetUidStat},
         {"nativeInitNetworkTracing", "()V", (void*)nativeInitNetworkTracing},
 };
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
index 1bc8ca5..fed2979 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStats.cpp
@@ -40,30 +40,27 @@
 
 using base::Result;
 
-int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, Stats* stats,
+int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, StatsValue* stats,
                            const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& appUidStatsMap) {
     auto statsEntry = appUidStatsMap.readValue(uid);
-    if (statsEntry.ok()) {
-        stats->rxPackets = statsEntry.value().rxPackets;
-        stats->txPackets = statsEntry.value().txPackets;
-        stats->rxBytes = statsEntry.value().rxBytes;
-        stats->txBytes = statsEntry.value().txBytes;
+    if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
+        *stats = {};
+        return (statsEntry.error().code() == ENOENT) ? 0 : -statsEntry.error().code();
     }
-    return (statsEntry.ok() || statsEntry.error().code() == ENOENT) ? 0
-                                                                    : -statsEntry.error().code();
+    *stats = statsEntry.value();
+    return 0;
 }
 
-int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, Stats* stats) {
+int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, StatsValue* stats) {
     static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> appUidStatsMap(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH);
     return bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid, stats, appUidStatsMap);
 }
 
-int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, Stats* stats,
+int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats,
                              const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap,
                              const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceNameMap) {
+    *stats = {};
     int64_t unknownIfaceBytesTotal = 0;
-    stats->tcpRxPackets = -1;
-    stats->tcpTxPackets = -1;
     const auto processIfaceStats =
             [iface, stats, &ifaceNameMap, &unknownIfaceBytesTotal](
                     const uint32_t& key,
@@ -78,10 +75,7 @@
             if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
                 return statsEntry.error();
             }
-            stats->rxPackets += statsEntry.value().rxPackets;
-            stats->txPackets += statsEntry.value().txPackets;
-            stats->rxBytes += statsEntry.value().rxBytes;
-            stats->txBytes += statsEntry.value().txBytes;
+            *stats += statsEntry.value();
         }
         return Result<void>();
     };
@@ -89,12 +83,28 @@
     return res.ok() ? 0 : -res.error().code();
 }
 
-int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, Stats* stats) {
+int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats) {
     static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
     static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, IfaceValue> ifaceIndexNameMap(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
     return bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(iface, stats, ifaceStatsMap, ifaceIndexNameMap);
 }
 
+int bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(uint32_t ifindex, StatsValue* stats,
+                               const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap) {
+    auto statsEntry = ifaceStatsMap.readValue(ifindex);
+    if (!statsEntry.ok()) {
+        *stats = {};
+        return (statsEntry.error().code() == ENOENT) ? 0 : -statsEntry.error().code();
+    }
+    *stats = statsEntry.value();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int bpfGetIfIndexStats(int ifindex, StatsValue* stats) {
+    static BpfMapRO<uint32_t, StatsValue> ifaceStatsMap(IFACE_STATS_MAP_PATH);
+    return bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(ifindex, stats, ifaceStatsMap);
+}
+
 stats_line populateStatsEntry(const StatsKey& statsKey, const StatsValue& statsEntry,
                               const char* ifname) {
     stats_line newLine;
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
index ccd3f5e..76c56eb 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/BpfNetworkStatsTest.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
         EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap.writeValue(ifaceIndex, iface, BPF_ANY));
     }
 
-    void expectStatsEqual(const StatsValue& target, const Stats& result) {
+    void expectStatsEqual(const StatsValue& target, const StatsValue& result) {
         EXPECT_EQ(target.rxPackets, result.rxPackets);
         EXPECT_EQ(target.rxBytes, result.rxBytes);
         EXPECT_EQ(target.txPackets, result.txPackets);
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
             .txPackets = 0,
             .txBytes = 0,
     };
-    Stats result1 = {};
+    StatsValue result1 = {};
     ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetUidStatsInternal(TEST_UID1, &result1, mFakeAppUidStatsMap));
     expectStatsEqual(value1, result1);
 }
@@ -217,11 +217,11 @@
     };
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mFakeAppUidStatsMap.writeValue(TEST_UID1, value1, BPF_ANY));
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mFakeAppUidStatsMap.writeValue(TEST_UID2, value2, BPF_ANY));
-    Stats result1 = {};
+    StatsValue result1 = {};
     ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetUidStatsInternal(TEST_UID1, &result1, mFakeAppUidStatsMap));
     expectStatsEqual(value1, result1);
 
-    Stats result2 = {};
+    StatsValue result2 = {};
     ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetUidStatsInternal(TEST_UID2, &result2, mFakeAppUidStatsMap));
     expectStatsEqual(value2, result2);
     std::vector<stats_line> lines;
@@ -255,15 +255,15 @@
     ifaceStatsKey = IFACE_INDEX3;
     EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(ifaceStatsKey, value1, BPF_ANY));
 
-    Stats result1 = {};
+    StatsValue result1 = {};
     ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME1, &result1, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
                                           mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
     expectStatsEqual(value1, result1);
-    Stats result2 = {};
+    StatsValue result2 = {};
     ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(IFACE_NAME2, &result2, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
                                           mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
     expectStatsEqual(value2, result2);
-    Stats totalResult = {};
+    StatsValue totalResult = {};
     ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(NULL, &totalResult, mFakeIfaceStatsMap,
                                           mFakeIfaceIndexNameMap));
     StatsValue totalValue = {
@@ -275,6 +275,20 @@
     expectStatsEqual(totalValue, totalResult);
 }
 
+TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetIfIndexStatsInternal) {
+    StatsValue value = {
+          .rxPackets = TEST_PACKET0,
+          .rxBytes = TEST_BYTES0,
+          .txPackets = TEST_PACKET1,
+          .txBytes = TEST_BYTES1,
+    };
+    EXPECT_RESULT_OK(mFakeIfaceStatsMap.writeValue(IFACE_INDEX1, value, BPF_ANY));
+
+    StatsValue result = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(IFACE_INDEX1, &result, mFakeIfaceStatsMap));
+    expectStatsEqual(value, result);
+}
+
 TEST_F(BpfNetworkStatsHelperTest, TestGetStatsDetail) {
     updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME1, IFACE_INDEX1);
     updateIfaceMap(IFACE_NAME2, IFACE_INDEX2);
diff --git a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
index 133009f..ea068fc 100644
--- a/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
+++ b/service-t/native/libs/libnetworkstats/include/netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h
@@ -56,13 +56,16 @@
 bool operator<(const stats_line& lhs, const stats_line& rhs);
 
 // For test only
-int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, Stats* stats,
+int bpfGetUidStatsInternal(uid_t uid, StatsValue* stats,
                            const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& appUidStatsMap);
 // For test only
-int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, Stats* stats,
+int bpfGetIfaceStatsInternal(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats,
                              const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap,
                              const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceNameMap);
 // For test only
+int bpfGetIfIndexStatsInternal(uint32_t ifindex, StatsValue* stats,
+                               const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& ifaceStatsMap);
+// For test only
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetailInternal(std::vector<stats_line>& lines,
                                        const BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue>& statsMap,
                                        const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap);
@@ -110,8 +113,9 @@
                                     const BpfMap<uint32_t, StatsValue>& statsMap,
                                     const BpfMap<uint32_t, IfaceValue>& ifaceMap);
 
-int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, Stats* stats);
-int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, Stats* stats);
+int bpfGetUidStats(uid_t uid, StatsValue* stats);
+int bpfGetIfaceStats(const char* iface, StatsValue* stats);
+int bpfGetIfIndexStats(int ifindex, StatsValue* stats);
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDetail(std::vector<stats_line>* lines);
 
 int parseBpfNetworkStatsDev(std::vector<stats_line>* lines);
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
index bcedbef..052019f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetrics.java
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@
                     event.getFoundServiceCount(),
                     event.getFoundCallbackCount(),
                     event.getLostCallbackCount(),
-                    event.getRepliedRequestsCount());
+                    event.getRepliedRequestsCount(),
+                    event.getSentQueryCount());
         }
     }
 
@@ -122,4 +123,102 @@
         // TODO: Report repliedRequestsCount
         mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Report service discovery started metric data.
+     *
+     * @param transactionId The transaction id of service discovery.
+     */
+    public void reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(int transactionId) {
+        final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder();
+        builder.setTransactionId(transactionId);
+        builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_DISCOVER);
+        builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
+        mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report service discovery failed metric data.
+     *
+     * @param transactionId The transaction id of service discovery.
+     * @param durationMs The duration of service discovery failed.
+     */
+    public void reportServiceDiscoveryFailed(int transactionId, long durationMs) {
+        final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder();
+        builder.setTransactionId(transactionId);
+        builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_DISCOVER);
+        builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED);
+        builder.setEventDurationMillisec(durationMs);
+        mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report service discovery stop metric data.
+     *
+     * @param transactionId The transaction id of service discovery.
+     * @param durationMs The duration of discovering services.
+     * @param foundCallbackCount The count of found service callbacks before stop discovery.
+     * @param lostCallbackCount The count of lost service callbacks before stop discovery.
+     * @param servicesCount The count of found services.
+     */
+    public void reportServiceDiscoveryStop(int transactionId, long durationMs,
+            int foundCallbackCount, int lostCallbackCount, int servicesCount) {
+        final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder();
+        builder.setTransactionId(transactionId);
+        builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_DISCOVER);
+        builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_DISCOVERY_STOP);
+        builder.setEventDurationMillisec(durationMs);
+        builder.setFoundCallbackCount(foundCallbackCount);
+        builder.setLostCallbackCount(lostCallbackCount);
+        builder.setFoundServiceCount(servicesCount);
+        mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report service resolution success metric data.
+     *
+     * @param transactionId The transaction id of service resolution.
+     * @param durationMs The duration of resolving services.
+     * @param isServiceFromCache Whether the resolved service is from cache.
+     */
+    public void reportServiceResolved(int transactionId, long durationMs,
+            boolean isServiceFromCache) {
+        final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder();
+        builder.setTransactionId(transactionId);
+        builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE);
+        builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLVED);
+        builder.setEventDurationMillisec(durationMs);
+        builder.setIsKnownService(isServiceFromCache);
+        mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report service resolution failed metric data.
+     *
+     * @param transactionId The transaction id of service resolution.
+     * @param durationMs The duration of service resolution failed.
+     */
+    public void reportServiceResolutionFailed(int transactionId, long durationMs) {
+        final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder();
+        builder.setTransactionId(transactionId);
+        builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE);
+        builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED);
+        builder.setEventDurationMillisec(durationMs);
+        mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report service resolution stop metric data.
+     *
+     * @param transactionId The transaction id of service resolution.
+     * @param durationMs The duration before stop resolving the service.
+     */
+    public void reportServiceResolutionStop(int transactionId, long durationMs) {
+        final Builder builder = makeReportedBuilder();
+        builder.setTransactionId(transactionId);
+        builder.setType(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE);
+        builder.setQueryResult(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_STOP);
+        builder.setEventDurationMillisec(durationMs);
+        mDependencies.statsWrite(builder.build());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
index 745c5bc..eb73ee5 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NETID_UNSET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
@@ -46,9 +47,12 @@
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
 import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
+import android.net.nsd.IOffloadEngine;
 import android.net.nsd.MDnsManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine;
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
@@ -98,6 +103,8 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@
      * "mdns_advertiser_allowlist_othertype_version"
      * would be used to toggle MdnsDiscoveryManager / MdnsAdvertiser for each type. The flags will
      * be read with
-     * {@link DeviceConfigUtils#isFeatureEnabled(Context, String, String, String, boolean)}.
+     * {@link DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureEnabled}
      *
      * @see #MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_ALLOWLIST_FLAG_PREFIX
      * @see #MDNS_ADVERTISER_ALLOWLIST_FLAG_PREFIX
@@ -162,7 +169,9 @@
     public static final boolean DBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
     private static final long CLEANUP_DELAY_MS = 10000;
     private static final int IFACE_IDX_ANY = 0;
-    private static final int NO_TRANSACTION = -1;
+    private static final int MAX_SERVICES_COUNT_METRIC_PER_CLIENT = 100;
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int NO_TRANSACTION = -1;
     private static final SharedLog LOGGER = new SharedLog("serviceDiscovery");
 
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -215,7 +224,26 @@
     // The number of client that ever connected.
     private int mClientNumberId = 1;
 
-    private static class MdnsListener implements MdnsServiceBrowserListener {
+    private final RemoteCallbackList<IOffloadEngine> mOffloadEngines =
+            new RemoteCallbackList<>();
+
+    private static class OffloadEngineInfo {
+        @NonNull final String mInterfaceName;
+        final long mOffloadCapabilities;
+        final long mOffloadType;
+        @NonNull final IOffloadEngine mOffloadEngine;
+
+        OffloadEngineInfo(@NonNull IOffloadEngine offloadEngine,
+                @NonNull String interfaceName, long capabilities, long offloadType) {
+            this.mOffloadEngine = offloadEngine;
+            this.mInterfaceName = interfaceName;
+            this.mOffloadCapabilities = capabilities;
+            this.mOffloadType = offloadType;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static class MdnsListener implements MdnsServiceBrowserListener {
         protected final int mClientRequestId;
         protected final int mTransactionId;
         @NonNull
@@ -237,7 +265,8 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onServiceFound(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) { }
+        public void onServiceFound(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+                boolean isServiceFromCache) { }
 
         @Override
         public void onServiceUpdated(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) { }
@@ -246,7 +275,8 @@
         public void onServiceRemoved(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) { }
 
         @Override
-        public void onServiceNameDiscovered(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) { }
+        public void onServiceNameDiscovered(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+                boolean isServiceFromCache) { }
 
         @Override
         public void onServiceNameRemoved(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) { }
@@ -272,10 +302,11 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onServiceNameDiscovered(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        public void onServiceNameDiscovered(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+                boolean isServiceFromCache) {
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     NsdManager.SERVICE_FOUND,
-                    new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId, serviceInfo));
+                    new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId, serviceInfo, isServiceFromCache));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -294,10 +325,10 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onServiceFound(MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        public void onServiceFound(MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo, boolean isServiceFromCache) {
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED,
-                    new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId, serviceInfo));
+                    new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId, serviceInfo, isServiceFromCache));
         }
     }
 
@@ -309,10 +340,11 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onServiceFound(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        public void onServiceFound(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+                boolean isServiceFromCache) {
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_EVENT, mTransactionId,
                     NsdManager.SERVICE_UPDATED,
-                    new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId, serviceInfo));
+                    new MdnsEvent(mClientRequestId, serviceInfo, isServiceFromCache));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -435,10 +467,17 @@
         final int mClientRequestId;
         @NonNull
         final MdnsServiceInfo mMdnsServiceInfo;
+        final boolean mIsServiceFromCache;
 
         MdnsEvent(int clientRequestId, @NonNull MdnsServiceInfo mdnsServiceInfo) {
+            this(clientRequestId, mdnsServiceInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        }
+
+        MdnsEvent(int clientRequestId, @NonNull MdnsServiceInfo mdnsServiceInfo,
+                boolean isServiceFromCache) {
             mClientRequestId = clientRequestId;
             mMdnsServiceInfo = mdnsServiceInfo;
+            mIsServiceFromCache = isServiceFromCache;
         }
     }
 
@@ -559,7 +598,7 @@
                     case NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES:
                         cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
                         if (cInfo != null) {
-                            cInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(
+                            cInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(
                                     clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                         }
                        break;
@@ -587,7 +626,7 @@
                     case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE:
                         cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
                         if (cInfo != null) {
-                            cInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                            cInfo.onResolveServiceFailedImmediately(
                                     clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                         }
                         break;
@@ -654,9 +693,9 @@
             }
 
             private void storeLegacyRequestMap(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
-                    ClientInfo clientInfo, int what) {
-                clientInfo.mClientRequests.put(clientRequestId, new LegacyClientRequest(
-                        transactionId, what, mClock, mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                    ClientInfo clientInfo, int what, long startTimeMs) {
+                clientInfo.mClientRequests.put(clientRequestId,
+                        new LegacyClientRequest(transactionId, what, startTimeMs));
                 mTransactionIdToClientInfoMap.put(transactionId, clientInfo);
                 // Remove the cleanup event because here comes a new request.
                 cancelStop();
@@ -665,7 +704,7 @@
             private void storeAdvertiserRequestMap(int clientRequestId, int transactionId,
                     ClientInfo clientInfo, @Nullable Network requestedNetwork) {
                 clientInfo.mClientRequests.put(clientRequestId, new AdvertiserClientRequest(
-                        transactionId, requestedNetwork, mClock, mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                        transactionId, requestedNetwork, mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                 mTransactionIdToClientInfoMap.put(transactionId, clientInfo);
                 updateMulticastLock();
             }
@@ -689,8 +728,7 @@
                     MdnsListener listener, ClientInfo clientInfo,
                     @Nullable Network requestedNetwork) {
                 clientInfo.mClientRequests.put(clientRequestId, new DiscoveryManagerRequest(
-                        transactionId, listener, requestedNetwork, mClock,
-                        mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                        transactionId, listener, requestedNetwork, mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                 mTransactionIdToClientInfoMap.put(transactionId, clientInfo);
                 updateMulticastLock();
             }
@@ -719,6 +757,7 @@
                 final int transactionId;
                 final int clientRequestId = msg.arg2;
                 final ListenerArgs args;
+                final OffloadEngineInfo offloadEngineInfo;
                 switch (msg.what) {
                     case NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES: {
                         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Discover services");
@@ -733,7 +772,7 @@
                         }
 
                         if (requestLimitReached(clientInfo)) {
-                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(
+                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(
                                     clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT);
                             break;
                         }
@@ -748,8 +787,8 @@
                                 || mDeps.isMdnsDiscoveryManagerEnabled(mContext)
                                 || useDiscoveryManagerForType(serviceType)) {
                             if (serviceType == null) {
-                                clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(clientRequestId,
-                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                                clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(
+                                        clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                                 break;
                             }
 
@@ -771,7 +810,8 @@
                                     listenServiceType, listener, optionsBuilder.build());
                             storeDiscoveryManagerRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId,
                                     listener, clientInfo, info.getNetwork());
-                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(clientRequestId, info);
+                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(
+                                    clientRequestId, info, transactionId);
                             clientInfo.log("Register a DiscoveryListener " + transactionId
                                     + " for service type:" + listenServiceType);
                         } else {
@@ -781,13 +821,14 @@
                                     Log.d(TAG, "Discover " + msg.arg2 + " " + transactionId
                                             + info.getServiceType());
                                 }
-                                storeLegacyRequestMap(
-                                        clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo, msg.what);
-                                clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(clientRequestId, info);
+                                storeLegacyRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo,
+                                        msg.what, mClock.elapsedRealtime());
+                                clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(
+                                        clientRequestId, info, transactionId);
                             } else {
                                 stopServiceDiscovery(transactionId);
-                                clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(clientRequestId,
-                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                                clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(
+                                        clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                             }
                         }
                         break;
@@ -817,12 +858,12 @@
                         if (request instanceof DiscoveryManagerRequest) {
                             stopDiscoveryManagerRequest(
                                     request, clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo);
-                            clientInfo.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(clientRequestId);
+                            clientInfo.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(clientRequestId, request);
                             clientInfo.log("Unregister the DiscoveryListener " + transactionId);
                         } else {
                             removeRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo);
                             if (stopServiceDiscovery(transactionId)) {
-                                clientInfo.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(clientRequestId);
+                                clientInfo.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(clientRequestId, request);
                             } else {
                                 clientInfo.onStopDiscoveryFailed(
                                         clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
@@ -882,8 +923,8 @@
                                     Log.d(TAG, "Register " + clientRequestId
                                             + " " + transactionId);
                                 }
-                                storeLegacyRequestMap(
-                                        clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo, msg.what);
+                                storeLegacyRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo,
+                                        msg.what, mClock.elapsedRealtime());
                                 // Return success after mDns reports success
                             } else {
                                 unregisterService(transactionId);
@@ -917,14 +958,16 @@
                         // Note isMdnsAdvertiserEnabled may have changed to false at this point,
                         // so this needs to check the type of the original request to unregister
                         // instead of looking at the flag value.
+                        final long stopTimeMs = mClock.elapsedRealtime();
                         if (request instanceof AdvertiserClientRequest) {
                             mAdvertiser.removeService(transactionId);
                             clientInfo.onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(clientRequestId, transactionId,
-                                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+                                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(stopTimeMs));
                         } else {
                             if (unregisterService(transactionId)) {
                                 clientInfo.onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(clientRequestId,
-                                        transactionId, request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+                                        transactionId,
+                                        request.calculateRequestDurationMs(stopTimeMs));
                             } else {
                                 clientInfo.onUnregisterServiceFailed(
                                         clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
@@ -954,8 +997,8 @@
                                 ||  mDeps.isMdnsDiscoveryManagerEnabled(mContext)
                                 || useDiscoveryManagerForType(serviceType)) {
                             if (serviceType == null) {
-                                clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(clientRequestId,
-                                        NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                                clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailedImmediately(
+                                        clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                                 break;
                             }
                             final String resolveServiceType = serviceType + ".local";
@@ -977,7 +1020,7 @@
                                     + " for service type:" + resolveServiceType);
                         } else {
                             if (clientInfo.mResolvedService != null) {
-                                clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailedImmediately(
                                         clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_ALREADY_ACTIVE);
                                 break;
                             }
@@ -985,10 +1028,10 @@
                             maybeStartDaemon();
                             if (resolveService(transactionId, info)) {
                                 clientInfo.mResolvedService = new NsdServiceInfo();
-                                storeLegacyRequestMap(
-                                        clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo, msg.what);
+                                storeLegacyRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo,
+                                        msg.what, mClock.elapsedRealtime());
                             } else {
-                                clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailedImmediately(
                                         clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
                             }
                         }
@@ -1019,12 +1062,12 @@
                         if (request instanceof DiscoveryManagerRequest) {
                             stopDiscoveryManagerRequest(
                                     request, clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo);
-                            clientInfo.onStopResolutionSucceeded(clientRequestId);
+                            clientInfo.onStopResolutionSucceeded(clientRequestId, request);
                             clientInfo.log("Unregister the ResolutionListener " + transactionId);
                         } else {
                             removeRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo);
                             if (stopResolveService(transactionId)) {
-                                clientInfo.onStopResolutionSucceeded(clientRequestId);
+                                clientInfo.onStopResolutionSucceeded(clientRequestId, request);
                             } else {
                                 clientInfo.onStopResolutionFailed(
                                         clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_OPERATION_NOT_RUNNING);
@@ -1114,6 +1157,16 @@
                             return NOT_HANDLED;
                         }
                         break;
+                    case NsdManager.REGISTER_OFFLOAD_ENGINE:
+                        offloadEngineInfo = (OffloadEngineInfo) msg.obj;
+                        // TODO: Limits the number of registrations created by a given class.
+                        mOffloadEngines.register(offloadEngineInfo.mOffloadEngine,
+                                offloadEngineInfo);
+                        // TODO: Sends all the existing OffloadServiceInfos back.
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.UNREGISTER_OFFLOAD_ENGINE:
+                        mOffloadEngines.unregister((IOffloadEngine) msg.obj);
+                        break;
                     default:
                         return NOT_HANDLED;
                 }
@@ -1139,6 +1192,11 @@
                             code, transactionId));
                     return false;
                 }
+                final ClientRequest request = clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
+                if (request == null) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Unknown client request. clientRequestId=" + clientRequestId);
+                    return false;
+                }
                 if (DBG) {
                     Log.d(TAG, String.format(
                             "MDns service event code:%d transactionId=%d", code, transactionId));
@@ -1163,7 +1221,8 @@
                             break;
                         }
                         setServiceNetworkForCallback(servInfo, info.netId, info.interfaceIdx);
-                        clientInfo.onServiceFound(clientRequestId, servInfo);
+
+                        clientInfo.onServiceFound(clientRequestId, servInfo, request);
                         break;
                     }
                     case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_LOST: {
@@ -1177,29 +1236,27 @@
                         // TODO: avoid returning null in that case, possibly by remembering
                         // found services on the same interface index and their network at the time
                         setServiceNetworkForCallback(servInfo, lostNetId, info.interfaceIdx);
-                        clientInfo.onServiceLost(clientRequestId, servInfo);
+                        clientInfo.onServiceLost(clientRequestId, servInfo, request);
                         break;
                     }
                     case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED:
-                        clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(
-                                clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(clientRequestId,
+                                NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         break;
                     case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_REGISTERED: {
                         final RegistrationInfo info = (RegistrationInfo) obj;
                         final String name = info.serviceName;
                         servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(name, null /* serviceType */);
-                        final ClientRequest request =
-                                clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
                         clientInfo.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(clientRequestId, servInfo,
-                                transactionId, request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+                                transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         break;
                     }
                     case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED:
-                        final ClientRequest request =
-                                clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
                         clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailed(clientRequestId,
                                 NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, transactionId,
-                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         break;
                     case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_RESOLVED: {
                         final ResolutionInfo info = (ResolutionInfo) obj;
@@ -1233,10 +1290,11 @@
                         final int transactionId2 = getUniqueId();
                         if (getAddrInfo(transactionId2, info.hostname, info.interfaceIdx)) {
                             storeLegacyRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId2, clientInfo,
-                                    NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE);
+                                    NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE, request.mStartTimeMs);
                         } else {
-                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
-                                    clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(clientRequestId,
+                                    NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, transactionId,
+                                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                             clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
                         }
                         break;
@@ -1245,16 +1303,18 @@
                         /* NNN resolveId errorCode */
                         stopResolveService(transactionId);
                         removeRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo);
-                        clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
-                                clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(clientRequestId,
+                                NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
                         break;
                     case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED:
                         /* NNN resolveId errorCode */
                         stopGetAddrInfo(transactionId);
                         removeRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo);
-                        clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
-                                clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(clientRequestId,
+                                NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
                         break;
                     case IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS: {
@@ -1277,10 +1337,11 @@
                             setServiceNetworkForCallback(clientInfo.mResolvedService,
                                     netId, info.interfaceIdx);
                             clientInfo.onResolveServiceSucceeded(
-                                    clientRequestId, clientInfo.mResolvedService);
+                                    clientRequestId, clientInfo.mResolvedService, request);
                         } else {
-                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
-                                    clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(clientRequestId,
+                                    NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, transactionId,
+                                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         }
                         stopGetAddrInfo(transactionId);
                         removeRequestMap(clientRequestId, transactionId, clientInfo);
@@ -1355,20 +1416,19 @@
                 mServiceLogs.log(String.format(
                         "MdnsDiscoveryManager event code=%s transactionId=%d",
                         NsdManager.nameOf(code), transactionId));
+                final ClientRequest request = clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
+                if (request == null) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Unknown client request. clientRequestId=" + clientRequestId);
+                    return false;
+                }
                 switch (code) {
                     case NsdManager.SERVICE_FOUND:
-                        clientInfo.onServiceFound(clientRequestId, info);
+                        clientInfo.onServiceFound(clientRequestId, info, request);
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.SERVICE_LOST:
-                        clientInfo.onServiceLost(clientRequestId, info);
+                        clientInfo.onServiceLost(clientRequestId, info, request);
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED: {
-                        final ClientRequest request =
-                                clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
-                        if (request == null) {
-                            Log.e(TAG, "Unknown client request in RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED");
-                            break;
-                        }
                         final MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo = event.mMdnsServiceInfo;
                         info.setPort(serviceInfo.getPort());
 
@@ -1384,11 +1444,13 @@
                         final List<InetAddress> addresses = getInetAddresses(serviceInfo);
                         if (addresses.size() != 0) {
                             info.setHostAddresses(addresses);
-                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceSucceeded(clientRequestId, info);
+                            request.setServiceFromCache(event.mIsServiceFromCache);
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceSucceeded(clientRequestId, info, request);
                         } else {
                             // No address. Notify resolution failure.
-                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
-                                    clientRequestId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(clientRequestId,
+                                    NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR, transactionId,
+                                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         }
 
                         // Unregister the listener immediately like IMDnsEventListener design
@@ -1573,7 +1635,8 @@
                 mRunningAppActiveImportanceCutoff);
 
         mMdnsSocketClient =
-                new MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(handler.getLooper(), mMdnsSocketProvider);
+                new MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(handler.getLooper(), mMdnsSocketProvider,
+                        LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient"));
         mMdnsDiscoveryManager = deps.makeMdnsDiscoveryManager(new ExecutorProvider(),
                 mMdnsSocketClient, LOGGER.forSubComponent("MdnsDiscoveryManager"));
         handler.post(() -> mMdnsSocketClient.setCallback(mMdnsDiscoveryManager));
@@ -1594,9 +1657,9 @@
          * @return true if the MdnsDiscoveryManager feature is enabled.
          */
         public boolean isMdnsDiscoveryManagerEnabled(Context context) {
-            return isAtLeastU() || DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(context, NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
-                    MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_VERSION, DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME,
-                    false /* defaultEnabled */);
+            return isAtLeastU() || DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(context,
+                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING, MDNS_DISCOVERY_MANAGER_VERSION,
+                    DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, false /* defaultEnabled */);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1606,9 +1669,9 @@
          * @return true if the MdnsAdvertiser feature is enabled.
          */
         public boolean isMdnsAdvertiserEnabled(Context context) {
-            return isAtLeastU() || DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(context, NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
-                    MDNS_ADVERTISER_VERSION, DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME,
-                    false /* defaultEnabled */);
+            return isAtLeastU() || DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(context,
+                    NAMESPACE_TETHERING, MDNS_ADVERTISER_VERSION,
+                    DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, false /* defaultEnabled */);
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1622,10 +1685,10 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isFeatureEnabled(Context, String, String, String, boolean)
+         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureEnabled
          */
         public boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context context, String feature) {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(context, NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(context, NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
                     feature, DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, false /* defaultEnabled */);
         }
 
@@ -1771,7 +1834,42 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void sendOffloadServiceInfosUpdate(@NonNull String targetInterfaceName,
+            @NonNull OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo, boolean isRemove) {
+        final int count = mOffloadEngines.beginBroadcast();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                final OffloadEngineInfo offloadEngineInfo =
+                        (OffloadEngineInfo) mOffloadEngines.getBroadcastCookie(i);
+                final String interfaceName = offloadEngineInfo.mInterfaceName;
+                if (!targetInterfaceName.equals(interfaceName)
+                        || ((offloadEngineInfo.mOffloadType
+                        & offloadServiceInfo.getOffloadType()) == 0)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    if (isRemove) {
+                        mOffloadEngines.getBroadcastItem(i).onOffloadServiceRemoved(
+                                offloadServiceInfo);
+                    } else {
+                        mOffloadEngines.getBroadcastItem(i).onOffloadServiceUpdated(
+                                offloadServiceInfo);
+                    }
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // Can happen in regular cases, do not log a stacktrace
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Failed to send offload callback, remote died", e);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            mOffloadEngines.finishBroadcast();
+        }
+    }
+
     private class AdvertiserCallback implements MdnsAdvertiser.AdvertiserCallback {
+        // TODO: add a callback to notify when a service is being added on each interface (as soon
+        // as probing starts), and call mOffloadCallbacks. This callback is for
+        // OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_FILTER_REPLIES offload type.
+
         @Override
         public void onRegisterServiceSucceeded(int transactionId, NsdServiceInfo registeredInfo) {
             mServiceLogs.log("onRegisterServiceSucceeded: transactionId " + transactionId);
@@ -1785,8 +1883,8 @@
             // historical behavior.
             final NsdServiceInfo cbInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(registeredInfo.getServiceName(), null);
             final ClientRequest request = clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
-            clientInfo.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
-                    clientRequestId, cbInfo, transactionId, request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+            clientInfo.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(clientRequestId, cbInfo, transactionId,
+                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -1798,7 +1896,19 @@
             if (clientRequestId < 0) return;
             final ClientRequest request = clientInfo.mClientRequests.get(clientRequestId);
             clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailed(clientRequestId, errorCode, transactionId,
-                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOffloadStartOrUpdate(@NonNull String interfaceName,
+                @NonNull OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo) {
+            sendOffloadServiceInfosUpdate(interfaceName, offloadServiceInfo, false /* isRemove */);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOffloadStop(@NonNull String interfaceName,
+                @NonNull OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo) {
+            sendOffloadServiceInfosUpdate(interfaceName, offloadServiceInfo, true /* isRemove */);
         }
 
         private ClientInfo getClientInfoOrLog(int transactionId) {
@@ -1837,11 +1947,14 @@
     @Override
     public INsdServiceConnector connect(INsdManagerCallback cb, boolean useJavaBackend) {
         mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET, "NsdService");
+        final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
+        if (cb == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown client callback from uid=" + uid);
+        }
         if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "New client connect. useJavaBackend=" + useJavaBackend);
         final INsdServiceConnector connector = new NsdServiceConnector();
         mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.REGISTER_CLIENT,
-                new ConnectorArgs((NsdServiceConnector) connector, cb, useJavaBackend,
-                        mDeps.getCallingUid())));
+                new ConnectorArgs((NsdServiceConnector) connector, cb, useJavaBackend, uid)));
         return connector;
     }
 
@@ -1920,6 +2033,32 @@
         public void binderDied() {
             mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(
                     mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.UNREGISTER_CLIENT, this));
+
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void registerOffloadEngine(String ifaceName, IOffloadEngine cb,
+                @OffloadEngine.OffloadCapability long offloadCapabilities,
+                @OffloadEngine.OffloadType long offloadTypes) {
+            // TODO: Relax the permission because NETWORK_SETTINGS is a signature permission, and
+            //  it may not be possible for all the callers of this API to have it.
+            PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr(mContext, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(ifaceName);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(cb);
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(
+                    mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.REGISTER_OFFLOAD_ENGINE,
+                            new OffloadEngineInfo(cb, ifaceName, offloadCapabilities,
+                                    offloadTypes)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void unregisterOffloadEngine(IOffloadEngine cb) {
+            // TODO: Relax the permission because NETWORK_SETTINGS is a signature permission, and
+            //  it may not be possible for all the callers of this API to have it.
+            PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermissionOr(mContext, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(cb);
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(
+                    mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.UNREGISTER_OFFLOAD_ENGINE, cb));
         }
     }
 
@@ -2003,25 +2142,41 @@
             return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
         }
 
-        final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
-        if (cm == null) {
-            Log.wtf(TAG, "No ConnectivityManager for resolveService");
+        String interfaceName = getNetworkInterfaceName(network);
+        if (interfaceName == null) {
             return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
         }
-        final LinkProperties lp = cm.getLinkProperties(network);
-        if (lp == null) return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
+        return getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(interfaceName);
+    }
 
+    private String getNetworkInterfaceName(@Nullable Network network) {
+        if (network == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        if (cm == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "No ConnectivityManager");
+            return null;
+        }
+        final LinkProperties lp = cm.getLinkProperties(network);
+        if (lp == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
         // Only resolve on non-stacked interfaces
+        return lp.getInterfaceName();
+    }
+
+    private int getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(final String ifaceName) {
         final NetworkInterface iface;
         try {
-            iface = NetworkInterface.getByName(lp.getInterfaceName());
+            iface = NetworkInterface.getByName(ifaceName);
         } catch (SocketException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Error querying interface", e);
             return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
         }
 
         if (iface == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Interface not found: " + lp.getInterfaceName());
+            Log.e(TAG, "Interface not found: " + ifaceName);
             return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
         }
 
@@ -2058,27 +2213,58 @@
 
     private abstract static class ClientRequest {
         private final int mTransactionId;
-        private final Clock mClock;
         private final long mStartTimeMs;
+        private int mFoundServiceCount = 0;
+        private int mLostServiceCount = 0;
+        private final Set<String> mServices = new ArraySet<>();
+        private boolean mIsServiceFromCache = false;
 
-        private ClientRequest(int transactionId, @NonNull Clock clock, long startTimeMs) {
+        private ClientRequest(int transactionId, long startTimeMs) {
             mTransactionId = transactionId;
-            mClock = clock;
             mStartTimeMs = startTimeMs;
         }
 
-        public long calculateRequestDurationMs() {
-            final long stopTimeMs = mClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        public long calculateRequestDurationMs(long stopTimeMs) {
             return stopTimeMs - mStartTimeMs;
         }
+
+        public void onServiceFound(String serviceName) {
+            mFoundServiceCount++;
+            if (mServices.size() <= MAX_SERVICES_COUNT_METRIC_PER_CLIENT) {
+                mServices.add(serviceName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void onServiceLost() {
+            mLostServiceCount++;
+        }
+
+        public int getFoundServiceCount() {
+            return mFoundServiceCount;
+        }
+
+        public int getLostServiceCount() {
+            return mLostServiceCount;
+        }
+
+        public int getServicesCount() {
+            return mServices.size();
+        }
+
+        public void setServiceFromCache(boolean isServiceFromCache) {
+            mIsServiceFromCache = isServiceFromCache;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isServiceFromCache() {
+            return mIsServiceFromCache;
+        }
     }
 
     private static class LegacyClientRequest extends ClientRequest {
         private final int mRequestCode;
 
-        private LegacyClientRequest(int transactionId, int requestCode, @NonNull Clock clock,
-                long startTimeMs) {
-            super(transactionId, clock, startTimeMs);
+        private LegacyClientRequest(int transactionId, int requestCode, long startTimeMs) {
+            super(transactionId, startTimeMs);
             mRequestCode = requestCode;
         }
     }
@@ -2088,8 +2274,8 @@
         private final Network mRequestedNetwork;
 
         private JavaBackendClientRequest(int transactionId, @Nullable Network requestedNetwork,
-                @NonNull Clock clock, long startTimeMs) {
-            super(transactionId, clock, startTimeMs);
+                long startTimeMs) {
+            super(transactionId, startTimeMs);
             mRequestedNetwork = requestedNetwork;
         }
 
@@ -2101,8 +2287,8 @@
 
     private static class AdvertiserClientRequest extends JavaBackendClientRequest {
         private AdvertiserClientRequest(int transactionId, @Nullable Network requestedNetwork,
-                @NonNull Clock clock, long startTimeMs) {
-            super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, clock, startTimeMs);
+                long startTimeMs) {
+            super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, startTimeMs);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2111,8 +2297,8 @@
         private final MdnsListener mListener;
 
         private DiscoveryManagerRequest(int transactionId, @NonNull MdnsListener listener,
-                @Nullable Network requestedNetwork, @NonNull Clock clock, long startTimeMs) {
-            super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, clock, startTimeMs);
+                @Nullable Network requestedNetwork, long startTimeMs) {
+            super(transactionId, requestedNetwork, startTimeMs);
             mListener = listener;
         }
     }
@@ -2175,11 +2361,12 @@
             mIsPreSClient = true;
         }
 
-        private void unregisterMdnsListenerFromRequest(ClientRequest request) {
+        private MdnsListener unregisterMdnsListenerFromRequest(ClientRequest request) {
             final MdnsListener listener =
                     ((DiscoveryManagerRequest) request).mListener;
             mMdnsDiscoveryManager.unregisterListener(
                     listener.getListenedServiceType(), listener);
+            return listener;
         }
 
         // Remove any pending requests from the global map when we get rid of a client,
@@ -2199,14 +2386,24 @@
                 }
 
                 if (request instanceof DiscoveryManagerRequest) {
-                    unregisterMdnsListenerFromRequest(request);
+                    final MdnsListener listener = unregisterMdnsListenerFromRequest(request);
+                    if (listener instanceof DiscoveryListener) {
+                        mMetrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStop(transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                                request.getFoundServiceCount(),
+                                request.getLostServiceCount(),
+                                request.getServicesCount());
+                    } else if (listener instanceof ResolutionListener) {
+                        mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
+                    }
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 if (request instanceof AdvertiserClientRequest) {
                     mAdvertiser.removeService(transactionId);
-                    mMetrics.reportServiceUnregistration(
-                            transactionId, request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+                    mMetrics.reportServiceUnregistration(transactionId,
+                            request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -2217,14 +2414,21 @@
                 switch (((LegacyClientRequest) request).mRequestCode) {
                     case NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES:
                         stopServiceDiscovery(transactionId);
+                        mMetrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStop(transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                                request.getFoundServiceCount(),
+                                request.getLostServiceCount(),
+                                request.getServicesCount());
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE:
                         stopResolveService(transactionId);
+                        mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         break;
                     case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE:
                         unregisterService(transactionId);
-                        mMetrics.reportServiceUnregistration(
-                                transactionId, request.calculateRequestDurationMs());
+                        mMetrics.reportServiceUnregistration(transactionId,
+                                request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
                         break;
                     default:
                         break;
@@ -2268,15 +2472,21 @@
             mClientLogs.log(message);
         }
 
-        void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info, int transactionId) {
+            mMetrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(transactionId);
             try {
                 mCb.onDiscoverServicesStarted(listenerKey, info);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onDiscoverServicesStarted", e);
             }
         }
+        void onDiscoverServicesFailedImmediately(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            onDiscoverServicesFailed(listenerKey, error, NO_TRANSACTION, 0L /* durationMs */);
+        }
 
-        void onDiscoverServicesFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+        void onDiscoverServicesFailed(int listenerKey, int error, int transactionId,
+                long durationMs) {
+            mMetrics.reportServiceDiscoveryFailed(transactionId, durationMs);
             try {
                 mCb.onDiscoverServicesFailed(listenerKey, error);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2284,7 +2494,8 @@
             }
         }
 
-        void onServiceFound(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        void onServiceFound(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info, ClientRequest request) {
+            request.onServiceFound(info.getServiceName());
             try {
                 mCb.onServiceFound(listenerKey, info);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2292,7 +2503,8 @@
             }
         }
 
-        void onServiceLost(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        void onServiceLost(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info, ClientRequest request) {
+            request.onServiceLost();
             try {
                 mCb.onServiceLost(listenerKey, info);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2308,7 +2520,13 @@
             }
         }
 
-        void onStopDiscoverySucceeded(int listenerKey) {
+        void onStopDiscoverySucceeded(int listenerKey, ClientRequest request) {
+            mMetrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStop(
+                    request.mTransactionId,
+                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                    request.getFoundServiceCount(),
+                    request.getLostServiceCount(),
+                    request.getServicesCount());
             try {
                 mCb.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(listenerKey);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2317,7 +2535,7 @@
         }
 
         void onRegisterServiceFailedImmediately(int listenerKey, int error) {
-            onRegisterServiceFailed(listenerKey, error, NO_TRANSACTION, 0 /* durationMs */);
+            onRegisterServiceFailed(listenerKey, error, NO_TRANSACTION, 0L /* durationMs */);
         }
 
         void onRegisterServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error, int transactionId,
@@ -2357,7 +2575,13 @@
             }
         }
 
-        void onResolveServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+        void onResolveServiceFailedImmediately(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            onResolveServiceFailed(listenerKey, error, NO_TRANSACTION, 0L /* durationMs */);
+        }
+
+        void onResolveServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error, int transactionId,
+                long durationMs) {
+            mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionFailed(transactionId, durationMs);
             try {
                 mCb.onResolveServiceFailed(listenerKey, error);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2365,7 +2589,12 @@
             }
         }
 
-        void onResolveServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+        void onResolveServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info,
+                ClientRequest request) {
+            mMetrics.reportServiceResolved(
+                    request.mTransactionId,
+                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()),
+                    request.isServiceFromCache());
             try {
                 mCb.onResolveServiceSucceeded(listenerKey, info);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2381,7 +2610,10 @@
             }
         }
 
-        void onStopResolutionSucceeded(int listenerKey) {
+        void onStopResolutionSucceeded(int listenerKey, ClientRequest request) {
+            mMetrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(
+                    request.mTransactionId,
+                    request.calculateRequestDurationMs(mClock.elapsedRealtime()));
             try {
                 mCb.onStopResolutionSucceeded(listenerKey);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager.java
index 551e3db..87aa0d2 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager.java
@@ -25,13 +25,12 @@
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.os.Build;
 
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsLogger;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 /** Class for monitoring connectivity changes using {@link ConnectivityManager}. */
 public class ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager implements ConnectivityMonitor {
     private static final String TAG = "ConnMntrWConnMgr";
-    private static final MdnsLogger LOGGER = new MdnsLogger(TAG);
-
+    private final SharedLog sharedLog;
     private final Listener listener;
     private final ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback networkCallback;
     private final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager;
@@ -42,8 +41,10 @@
 
     @SuppressWarnings({"nullness:assignment", "nullness:method.invocation"})
     @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
-    public ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager(Context context, Listener listener) {
+    public ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager(Context context, Listener listener,
+            SharedLog sharedLog) {
         this.listener = listener;
+        this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
 
         connectivityManager =
                 (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
@@ -51,20 +52,20 @@
                 new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
                     @Override
                     public void onAvailable(Network network) {
-                        LOGGER.log("network available.");
+                        sharedLog.log("network available.");
                         lastAvailableNetwork = network;
                         notifyConnectivityChange();
                     }
 
                     @Override
                     public void onLost(Network network) {
-                        LOGGER.log("network lost.");
+                        sharedLog.log("network lost.");
                         notifyConnectivityChange();
                     }
 
                     @Override
                     public void onUnavailable() {
-                        LOGGER.log("network unavailable.");
+                        sharedLog.log("network unavailable.");
                         notifyConnectivityChange();
                     }
                 };
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@
     @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
     @Override
     public void startWatchingConnectivityChanges() {
-        LOGGER.log("Start watching connectivity changes");
+        sharedLog.log("Start watching connectivity changes");
         if (isCallbackRegistered) {
             return;
         }
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@
     @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
     @Override
     public void stopWatchingConnectivityChanges() {
-        LOGGER.log("Stop watching connectivity changes");
+        sharedLog.log("Stop watching connectivity changes");
         if (!isCallbackRegistered) {
             return;
         }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
index b7417ed..fa3b646 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable.java
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
-import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsLogger;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@
 public class EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable implements Callable<Pair<Integer, List<String>>> {
 
     private static final String TAG = "MdnsQueryCallable";
-    private static final MdnsLogger LOGGER = new MdnsLogger(TAG);
     private static final List<Integer> castShellEmulatorMdnsPorts;
 
     static {
@@ -77,6 +75,8 @@
     private final List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve;
     @NonNull
     private final MdnsUtils.Clock clock;
+    @NonNull
+    private final SharedLog sharedLog;
     private final boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks;
 
     EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable(
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks,
             boolean sendDiscoveryQueries,
             @NonNull Collection<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve,
-            @NonNull MdnsUtils.Clock clock) {
+            @NonNull MdnsUtils.Clock clock,
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
         weakRequestSender = new WeakReference<>(requestSender);
         this.packetWriter = packetWriter;
         serviceTypeLabels = TextUtils.split(serviceType, "\\.");
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@
         this.sendDiscoveryQueries = sendDiscoveryQueries;
         this.servicesToResolve = new ArrayList<>(servicesToResolve);
         this.clock = clock;
+        this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@
             }
             return Pair.create(transactionId, subtypes);
         } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOGGER.e(String.format("Failed to create mDNS packet for subtype: %s.",
+            sharedLog.e(String.format("Failed to create mDNS packet for subtype: %s.",
                     TextUtils.join(",", subtypes)), e);
             return Pair.create(INVALID_TRANSACTION_ID, new ArrayList<>());
         }
@@ -242,13 +244,13 @@
             sendPacket(requestSender,
                     new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), port));
         } catch (IOException e) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "Can't send packet to IPv4", e);
+            sharedLog.e("Can't send packet to IPv4", e);
         }
         try {
             sendPacket(requestSender,
                     new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv6Address(), port));
         } catch (IOException e) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "Can't send packet to IPv6", e);
+            sharedLog.e("Can't send packet to IPv6", e);
         }
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index 158d7a3..dd72d11 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -24,15 +24,19 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine;
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.UUID;
@@ -68,9 +72,10 @@
             new ArrayMap<>();
     private final SparseArray<Registration> mRegistrations = new SparseArray<>();
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
-
     private String[] mDeviceHostName;
     @NonNull private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
+    private final Map<String, List<OffloadServiceInfoWrapper>> mInterfaceOffloadServices =
+            new ArrayMap<>();
 
     /**
      * Dependencies for {@link MdnsAdvertiser}, useful for testing.
@@ -115,18 +120,32 @@
     private final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.Callback mInterfaceAdvertiserCb =
             new MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.Callback() {
         @Override
-        public void onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
+        public void onServiceProbingSucceeded(
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId) {
+            final Registration registration = mRegistrations.get(serviceId);
+            if (registration == null) {
+                mSharedLog.wtf("Register succeeded for unknown registration");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            final String interfaceName = advertiser.getSocketInterfaceName();
+            final List<OffloadServiceInfoWrapper> existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers =
+                    mInterfaceOffloadServices.computeIfAbsent(
+                            interfaceName, k -> new ArrayList<>());
+            // Remove existing offload services from cache for update.
+            existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers.removeIf(item -> item.mServiceId == serviceId);
+            final OffloadServiceInfoWrapper newOffloadServiceInfoWrapper = createOffloadService(
+                    serviceId,
+                    registration);
+            existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers.add(newOffloadServiceInfoWrapper);
+            mCb.onOffloadStartOrUpdate(interfaceName,
+                    newOffloadServiceInfoWrapper.mOffloadServiceInfo);
+
             // Wait for all current interfaces to be done probing before notifying of success.
             if (any(mAllAdvertisers, (k, a) -> a.isProbing(serviceId))) return;
             // The service may still be unregistered/renamed if a conflict is found on a later added
             // interface, or if a conflicting announcement/reply is detected (RFC6762 9.)
 
-            final Registration registration = mRegistrations.get(serviceId);
-            if (registration == null) {
-                Log.wtf(TAG, "Register succeeded for unknown registration");
-                return;
-            }
             if (!registration.mNotifiedRegistrationSuccess) {
                 mCb.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(serviceId, registration.getServiceInfo());
                 registration.mNotifiedRegistrationSuccess = true;
@@ -148,7 +167,12 @@
                 registration.mNotifiedRegistrationSuccess = false;
 
                 // The service was done probing, just reset it to probing state (RFC6762 9.)
-                forAllAdvertisers(a -> a.restartProbingForConflict(serviceId));
+                forAllAdvertisers(a -> {
+                    if (!a.maybeRestartProbingForConflict(serviceId)) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    maybeSendOffloadStop(a.getSocketInterfaceName(), serviceId);
+                });
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -196,6 +220,22 @@
         registration.updateForConflict(newInfo, renameCount);
     }
 
+    private void maybeSendOffloadStop(final String interfaceName, int serviceId) {
+        final List<OffloadServiceInfoWrapper> existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers =
+                mInterfaceOffloadServices.get(interfaceName);
+        if (existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // Stop the offloaded service by matching the service id
+        int idx = CollectionUtils.indexOf(existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers,
+                item -> item.mServiceId == serviceId);
+        if (idx >= 0) {
+            mCb.onOffloadStop(interfaceName,
+                    existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers.get(idx).mOffloadServiceInfo);
+            existingOffloadServiceInfoWrappers.remove(idx);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * A request for a {@link MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser}.
      *
@@ -221,7 +261,22 @@
          * @return true if this {@link InterfaceAdvertiserRequest} should now be deleted.
          */
         boolean onAdvertiserDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            mAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+            final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser removedAdvertiser = mAdvertisers.remove(socket);
+            if (removedAdvertiser != null) {
+                final String interfaceName = removedAdvertiser.getSocketInterfaceName();
+                // If the interface is destroyed, stop all hardware offloading on that interface.
+                final List<OffloadServiceInfoWrapper> offloadServiceInfoWrappers =
+                        mInterfaceOffloadServices.remove(
+                                interfaceName);
+                if (offloadServiceInfoWrappers != null) {
+                    for (OffloadServiceInfoWrapper offloadServiceInfoWrapper :
+                            offloadServiceInfoWrappers) {
+                        mCb.onOffloadStop(interfaceName,
+                                offloadServiceInfoWrapper.mOffloadServiceInfo);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             if (mAdvertisers.size() == 0 && mPendingRegistrations.size() == 0) {
                 // No advertiser is using sockets from this request anymore (in particular for exit
                 // announcements), and there is no registration so newer sockets will not be
@@ -274,7 +329,8 @@
                     mAdvertisers.valueAt(i).addService(
                             id, registration.getServiceInfo(), registration.getSubtype());
                 } catch (NameConflictException e) {
-                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Name conflict adding services that should have unique names", e);
+                    mSharedLog.wtf("Name conflict adding services that should have unique names",
+                            e);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -282,7 +338,10 @@
         void removeService(int id) {
             mPendingRegistrations.remove(id);
             for (int i = 0; i < mAdvertisers.size(); i++) {
-                mAdvertisers.valueAt(i).removeService(id);
+                final MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser = mAdvertisers.valueAt(i);
+                advertiser.removeService(id);
+
+                maybeSendOffloadStop(advertiser.getSocketInterfaceName(), id);
             }
         }
 
@@ -305,7 +364,8 @@
                     advertiser.addService(mPendingRegistrations.keyAt(i),
                             registration.getServiceInfo(), registration.getSubtype());
                 } catch (NameConflictException e) {
-                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Name conflict adding services that should have unique names", e);
+                    mSharedLog.wtf("Name conflict adding services that should have unique names",
+                            e);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -325,6 +385,16 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static class OffloadServiceInfoWrapper {
+        private final @NonNull OffloadServiceInfo mOffloadServiceInfo;
+        private final int mServiceId;
+
+        OffloadServiceInfoWrapper(int serviceId, OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo) {
+            mOffloadServiceInfo = offloadServiceInfo;
+            mServiceId = serviceId;
+        }
+    }
+
     private static class Registration {
         @NonNull
         final String mOriginalName;
@@ -425,6 +495,24 @@
 
         // Unregistration is notified immediately as success in NsdService so no callback is needed
         // here.
+
+        /**
+         * Called when a service is ready to be sent for hardware offloading.
+         *
+         * @param interfaceName the interface for sending the update to.
+         * @param offloadServiceInfo the offloading content.
+         */
+        void onOffloadStartOrUpdate(@NonNull String interfaceName,
+                @NonNull OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when a service is removed or the MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser is destroyed.
+         *
+         * @param interfaceName the interface for sending the update to.
+         * @param offloadServiceInfo the offloading content.
+         */
+        void onOffloadStop(@NonNull String interfaceName,
+                @NonNull OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo);
     }
 
     public MdnsAdvertiser(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider socketProvider,
@@ -459,7 +547,7 @@
     public void addService(int id, NsdServiceInfo service, @Nullable String subtype) {
         checkThread();
         if (mRegistrations.get(id) != null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Adding duplicate registration for " + service);
+            mSharedLog.e("Adding duplicate registration for " + service);
             // TODO (b/264986328): add a more specific error code
             mCb.onRegisterServiceFailed(id, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
             return;
@@ -525,4 +613,28 @@
             return false;
         });
     }
+
+    private OffloadServiceInfoWrapper createOffloadService(int serviceId,
+            @NonNull Registration registration) {
+        final NsdServiceInfo nsdServiceInfo = registration.getServiceInfo();
+        List<String> subTypes = new ArrayList<>();
+        String subType = registration.getSubtype();
+        if (subType != null) {
+            subTypes.add(subType);
+        }
+        final OffloadServiceInfo offloadServiceInfo = new OffloadServiceInfo(
+                new OffloadServiceInfo.Key(nsdServiceInfo.getServiceName(),
+                        nsdServiceInfo.getServiceType()),
+                subTypes,
+                String.join(".", mDeviceHostName),
+                null /* rawOffloadPacket */,
+                // TODO: define overlayable resources in
+                // ServiceConnectivityResources that set the priority based on
+                // service type.
+                0 /* priority */,
+                // TODO: set the offloadType based on the callback timing.
+                OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY);
+        return new OffloadServiceInfoWrapper(serviceId, offloadServiceInfo);
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncer.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncer.java
index 27fc945..fd2c32e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncer.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncer.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.os.Looper;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -39,9 +40,6 @@
     private static final long EXIT_DELAY_MS = 2000L;
     private static final int EXIT_COUNT = 3;
 
-    @NonNull
-    private final String mLogTag;
-
     /** Base class for announcement requests to send with {@link MdnsAnnouncer}. */
     public abstract static class BaseAnnouncementInfo implements MdnsPacketRepeater.Request {
         private final int mServiceId;
@@ -105,16 +103,11 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public MdnsAnnouncer(@NonNull String interfaceTag, @NonNull Looper looper,
+    public MdnsAnnouncer(@NonNull Looper looper,
             @NonNull MdnsReplySender replySender,
-            @Nullable PacketRepeaterCallback<BaseAnnouncementInfo> cb) {
-        super(looper, replySender, cb);
-        mLogTag = MdnsAnnouncer.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceTag;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected String getTag() {
-        return mLogTag;
+            @Nullable PacketRepeaterCallback<BaseAnnouncementInfo> cb,
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+        super(looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog);
     }
 
     // TODO: Notify MdnsRecordRepository that the records were announced for that service ID,
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
index 724a704..a83b852 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
-import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
@@ -42,8 +41,6 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final long EXIT_ANNOUNCEMENT_DELAY_MS = 100L;
     @NonNull
-    private final String mTag;
-    @NonNull
     private final ProbingCallback mProbingCallback = new ProbingCallback();
     @NonNull
     private final AnnouncingCallback mAnnouncingCallback = new AnnouncingCallback();
@@ -73,7 +70,7 @@
         /**
          * Called by the advertiser after it successfully registered a service, after probing.
          */
-        void onRegisterServiceSucceeded(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId);
+        void onServiceProbingSucceeded(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser advertiser, int serviceId);
 
         /**
          * Called by the advertiser when a conflict was found, during or after probing.
@@ -101,7 +98,7 @@
         public void onFinished(MdnsProber.ProbingInfo info) {
             final MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo announcementInfo;
             mSharedLog.i("Probing finished for service " + info.getServiceId());
-            mCbHandler.post(() -> mCb.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
+            mCbHandler.post(() -> mCb.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
                     MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.this, info.getServiceId()));
             try {
                 announcementInfo = mRecordRepository.onProbingSucceeded(info);
@@ -151,22 +148,30 @@
         /** @see MdnsReplySender */
         @NonNull
         public MdnsReplySender makeReplySender(@NonNull String interfaceTag, @NonNull Looper looper,
-                @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer) {
-            return new MdnsReplySender(interfaceTag, looper, socket, packetCreationBuffer);
+                @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer,
+                @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+            return new MdnsReplySender(looper, socket, packetCreationBuffer,
+                    sharedLog.forSubComponent(
+                            MdnsReplySender.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceTag));
         }
 
         /** @see MdnsAnnouncer */
         public MdnsAnnouncer makeMdnsAnnouncer(@NonNull String interfaceTag, @NonNull Looper looper,
                 @NonNull MdnsReplySender replySender,
-                @Nullable PacketRepeaterCallback<MdnsAnnouncer.BaseAnnouncementInfo> cb) {
-            return new MdnsAnnouncer(interfaceTag, looper, replySender, cb);
+                @Nullable PacketRepeaterCallback<MdnsAnnouncer.BaseAnnouncementInfo> cb,
+                @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+            return new MdnsAnnouncer(looper, replySender, cb,
+                    sharedLog.forSubComponent(
+                            MdnsAnnouncer.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceTag));
         }
 
         /** @see MdnsProber */
         public MdnsProber makeMdnsProber(@NonNull String interfaceTag, @NonNull Looper looper,
                 @NonNull MdnsReplySender replySender,
-                @NonNull PacketRepeaterCallback<MdnsProber.ProbingInfo> cb) {
-            return new MdnsProber(interfaceTag, looper, replySender, cb);
+                @NonNull PacketRepeaterCallback<MdnsProber.ProbingInfo> cb,
+                @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+            return new MdnsProber(looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog.forSubComponent(
+                    MdnsProber.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceTag));
         }
     }
 
@@ -182,17 +187,17 @@
             @NonNull List<LinkAddress> initialAddresses, @NonNull Looper looper,
             @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull Callback cb, @NonNull Dependencies deps,
             @NonNull String[] deviceHostName, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
-        mTag = MdnsInterfaceAdvertiser.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + sharedLog.getTag();
         mRecordRepository = deps.makeRecordRepository(looper, deviceHostName);
         mRecordRepository.updateAddresses(initialAddresses);
         mSocket = socket;
         mCb = cb;
         mCbHandler = new Handler(looper);
         mReplySender = deps.makeReplySender(sharedLog.getTag(), looper, socket,
-                packetCreationBuffer);
+                packetCreationBuffer, sharedLog);
         mAnnouncer = deps.makeMdnsAnnouncer(sharedLog.getTag(), looper, mReplySender,
-                mAnnouncingCallback);
-        mProber = deps.makeMdnsProber(sharedLog.getTag(), looper, mReplySender, mProbingCallback);
+                mAnnouncingCallback, sharedLog);
+        mProber = deps.makeMdnsProber(sharedLog.getTag(), looper, mReplySender, mProbingCallback,
+                sharedLog);
         mSharedLog = sharedLog;
     }
 
@@ -282,11 +287,12 @@
     /**
      * Reset a service to the probing state due to a conflict found on the network.
      */
-    public void restartProbingForConflict(int serviceId) {
+    public boolean maybeRestartProbingForConflict(int serviceId) {
         final MdnsProber.ProbingInfo probingInfo = mRecordRepository.setServiceProbing(serviceId);
-        if (probingInfo == null) return;
+        if (probingInfo == null) return false;
 
         mProber.restartForConflict(probingInfo);
+        return true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -317,20 +323,18 @@
         try {
             packet = MdnsPacket.parse(new MdnsPacketReader(recvbuf, length));
         } catch (MdnsPacket.ParseException e) {
-            Log.e(mTag, "Error parsing mDNS packet", e);
+            mSharedLog.e("Error parsing mDNS packet", e);
             if (DBG) {
-                Log.v(
-                        mTag, "Packet: " + HexDump.toHexString(recvbuf, 0, length));
+                mSharedLog.v("Packet: " + HexDump.toHexString(recvbuf, 0, length));
             }
             return;
         }
 
         if (DBG) {
-            Log.v(mTag,
-                    "Parsed packet with " + packet.questions.size() + " questions, "
-                            + packet.answers.size() + " answers, "
-                            + packet.authorityRecords.size() + " authority, "
-                            + packet.additionalRecords.size() + " additional from " + src);
+            mSharedLog.v("Parsed packet with " + packet.questions.size() + " questions, "
+                    + packet.answers.size() + " answers, "
+                    + packet.authorityRecords.size() + " authority, "
+                    + packet.additionalRecords.size() + " additional from " + src);
         }
 
         for (int conflictServiceId : mRecordRepository.getConflictingServices(packet)) {
@@ -346,4 +350,8 @@
         if (answers == null) return;
         mReplySender.queueReply(answers);
     }
+
+    public String getSocketInterfaceName() {
+        return mSocket.getInterface().getName();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceSocket.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceSocket.java
index 119c7a8..534f8d0 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceSocket.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceSocket.java
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -54,11 +55,12 @@
     @NonNull private final NetworkInterface mNetworkInterface;
     @NonNull private final MulticastPacketReader mPacketReader;
     @NonNull private final ParcelFileDescriptor mFileDescriptor;
+    @NonNull private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
     private boolean mJoinedIpv4 = false;
     private boolean mJoinedIpv6 = false;
 
     public MdnsInterfaceSocket(@NonNull NetworkInterface networkInterface, int port,
-            @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull byte[] packetReadBuffer)
+            @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull byte[] packetReadBuffer, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog)
             throws IOException {
         mNetworkInterface = networkInterface;
         mMulticastSocket = new MulticastSocket(port);
@@ -80,6 +82,8 @@
         mPacketReader = new MulticastPacketReader(networkInterface.getName(), mFileDescriptor,
                 new Handler(looper), packetReadBuffer);
         mPacketReader.start();
+
+        mSharedLog = sharedLog;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@
             return true;
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // The address may have just been removed
-            Log.e(TAG, "Error joining multicast group for " + mNetworkInterface, e);
+            mSharedLog.e("Error joining multicast group for " + mNetworkInterface, e);
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@
         try {
             mFileDescriptor.close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Close file descriptor failed.");
+            mSharedLog.e("Close file descriptor failed.");
         }
         mMulticastSocket.close();
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
index d1fa57c..2ef7368 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient.java
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
-import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * The {@link MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient} manages the multinetwork socket for mDns
@@ -46,26 +46,27 @@
 
     @NonNull private final Handler mHandler;
     @NonNull private final MdnsSocketProvider mSocketProvider;
+    @NonNull private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
 
-    private final ArrayMap<MdnsServiceBrowserListener, InterfaceSocketCallback> mRequestedNetworks =
+    private final ArrayMap<MdnsServiceBrowserListener, InterfaceSocketCallback> mSocketRequests =
             new ArrayMap<>();
-    private final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, ReadPacketHandler> mSocketPacketHandlers =
-            new ArrayMap<>();
+    private final ArrayMap<SocketKey, ReadPacketHandler> mSocketPacketHandlers = new ArrayMap<>();
     private MdnsSocketClientBase.Callback mCallback = null;
     private int mReceivedPacketNumber = 0;
 
     public MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(@NonNull Looper looper,
-            @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider provider) {
+            @NonNull MdnsSocketProvider provider,
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
         mHandler = new Handler(looper);
         mSocketProvider = provider;
+        mSharedLog = sharedLog;
     }
 
     private class InterfaceSocketCallback implements MdnsSocketProvider.SocketCallback {
         @NonNull
         private final SocketCreationCallback mSocketCreationCallback;
         @NonNull
-        private final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> mActiveSockets =
-                new ArrayMap<>();
+        private final ArrayMap<SocketKey, MdnsInterfaceSocket> mActiveSockets = new ArrayMap<>();
 
         InterfaceSocketCallback(SocketCreationCallback socketCreationCallback) {
             mSocketCreationCallback = socketCreationCallback;
@@ -76,27 +77,27 @@
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull List<LinkAddress> addresses) {
             // The socket may be already created by other request before, try to get the stored
             // ReadPacketHandler.
-            ReadPacketHandler handler = mSocketPacketHandlers.get(socket);
+            ReadPacketHandler handler = mSocketPacketHandlers.get(socketKey);
             if (handler == null) {
                 // First request to create this socket. Initial a ReadPacketHandler for this socket.
                 handler = new ReadPacketHandler(socketKey);
-                mSocketPacketHandlers.put(socket, handler);
+                mSocketPacketHandlers.put(socketKey, handler);
             }
             socket.addPacketHandler(handler);
-            mActiveSockets.put(socket, socketKey);
+            mActiveSockets.put(socketKey, socket);
             mSocketCreationCallback.onSocketCreated(socketKey);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void onInterfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey,
                 @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            notifySocketDestroyed(socket);
-            maybeCleanupPacketHandler(socket);
+            notifySocketDestroyed(socketKey);
+            maybeCleanupPacketHandler(socketKey);
         }
 
-        private void notifySocketDestroyed(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-            final SocketKey socketKey = mActiveSockets.remove(socket);
-            if (!isSocketActive(socket)) {
+        private void notifySocketDestroyed(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+            mActiveSockets.remove(socketKey);
+            if (!isSocketActive(socketKey)) {
                 mSocketCreationCallback.onSocketDestroyed(socketKey);
             }
         }
@@ -104,35 +105,38 @@
         void onNetworkUnrequested() {
             for (int i = mActiveSockets.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                 // Iterate from the end so the socket can be removed
-                final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = mActiveSockets.keyAt(i);
-                notifySocketDestroyed(socket);
-                maybeCleanupPacketHandler(socket);
+                final SocketKey socketKey = mActiveSockets.keyAt(i);
+                notifySocketDestroyed(socketKey);
+                maybeCleanupPacketHandler(socketKey);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private boolean isSocketActive(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < mRequestedNetworks.size(); i++) {
-            final InterfaceSocketCallback isc = mRequestedNetworks.valueAt(i);
-            if (isc.mActiveSockets.containsKey(socket)) {
+    private boolean isSocketActive(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mSocketRequests.size(); i++) {
+            final InterfaceSocketCallback ifaceSocketCallback = mSocketRequests.valueAt(i);
+            if (ifaceSocketCallback.mActiveSockets.containsKey(socketKey)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
         return false;
     }
 
-    private ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> getActiveSockets() {
-        final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> sockets = new ArrayMap<>();
-        for (int i = 0; i < mRequestedNetworks.size(); i++) {
-            final InterfaceSocketCallback isc = mRequestedNetworks.valueAt(i);
-            sockets.putAll(isc.mActiveSockets);
+    @Nullable
+    private MdnsInterfaceSocket getTargetSocket(@NonNull SocketKey targetSocketKey) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mSocketRequests.size(); i++) {
+            final InterfaceSocketCallback ifaceSocketCallback = mSocketRequests.valueAt(i);
+            final int index = ifaceSocketCallback.mActiveSockets.indexOfKey(targetSocketKey);
+            if (index >= 0) {
+                return ifaceSocketCallback.mActiveSockets.valueAt(index);
+            }
         }
-        return sockets;
+        return null;
     }
 
-    private void maybeCleanupPacketHandler(@NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket) {
-        if (isSocketActive(socket)) return;
-        mSocketPacketHandlers.remove(socket);
+    private void maybeCleanupPacketHandler(@NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
+        if (isSocketActive(socketKey)) return;
+        mSocketPacketHandlers.remove(socketKey);
     }
 
     private class ReadPacketHandler implements MulticastPacketReader.PacketHandler {
@@ -167,14 +171,14 @@
     public void notifyNetworkRequested(@NonNull MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener,
             @Nullable Network network, @NonNull SocketCreationCallback socketCreationCallback) {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
-        InterfaceSocketCallback callback = mRequestedNetworks.get(listener);
+        InterfaceSocketCallback callback = mSocketRequests.get(listener);
         if (callback != null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not register duplicated listener");
         }
 
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "notifyNetworkRequested: network=" + network);
+        if (DBG) mSharedLog.v("notifyNetworkRequested: network=" + network);
         callback = new InterfaceSocketCallback(socketCreationCallback);
-        mRequestedNetworks.put(listener, callback);
+        mSocketRequests.put(listener, callback);
         mSocketProvider.requestSocket(network, callback);
     }
 
@@ -182,14 +186,14 @@
     @Override
     public void notifyNetworkUnrequested(@NonNull MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener) {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
-        final InterfaceSocketCallback callback = mRequestedNetworks.get(listener);
+        final InterfaceSocketCallback callback = mSocketRequests.get(listener);
         if (callback == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Can not be unrequested with unknown listener=" + listener);
+            mSharedLog.e("Can not be unrequested with unknown listener=" + listener);
             return;
         }
         callback.onNetworkUnrequested();
-        // onNetworkUnrequested does cleanups based on mRequestedNetworks, only remove afterwards
-        mRequestedNetworks.remove(listener);
+        // onNetworkUnrequested does cleanups based on mSocketRequests, only remove afterwards
+        mSocketRequests.remove(listener);
         mSocketProvider.unrequestSocket(callback);
     }
 
@@ -205,42 +209,28 @@
 
     private void sendMdnsPacket(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet, @NonNull SocketKey targetSocketKey,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
+        final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = getTargetSocket(targetSocketKey);
+        if (socket == null) {
+            mSharedLog.e("No socket matches targetSocketKey=" + targetSocketKey);
+            return;
+        }
+
         final boolean isIpv6 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
                 instanceof Inet6Address;
         final boolean isIpv4 = ((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()).getAddress()
                 instanceof Inet4Address;
-        final ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> activeSockets = getActiveSockets();
-        boolean shouldQueryIpv6 = !onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks || isIpv6OnlySockets(
-                activeSockets, targetSocketKey);
-        for (int i = 0; i < activeSockets.size(); i++) {
-            final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = activeSockets.keyAt(i);
-            final SocketKey socketKey = activeSockets.valueAt(i);
-            // Check ip capability and network before sending packet
-            if (((isIpv6 && socket.hasJoinedIpv6() && shouldQueryIpv6)
-                    || (isIpv4 && socket.hasJoinedIpv4()))
-                    && Objects.equals(socketKey, targetSocketKey)) {
-                try {
-                    socket.send(packet);
-                } catch (IOException e) {
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to send a mDNS packet.", e);
-                }
+        final boolean shouldQueryIpv6 = !onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks || !socket.hasJoinedIpv4();
+        // Check ip capability and network before sending packet
+        if ((isIpv6 && socket.hasJoinedIpv6() && shouldQueryIpv6)
+                || (isIpv4 && socket.hasJoinedIpv4())) {
+            try {
+                socket.send(packet);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                mSharedLog.e("Failed to send a mDNS packet.", e);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private boolean isIpv6OnlySockets(
-            @NonNull ArrayMap<MdnsInterfaceSocket, SocketKey> activeSockets,
-            @NonNull SocketKey targetSocketKey) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < activeSockets.size(); i++) {
-            final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = activeSockets.keyAt(i);
-            final SocketKey socketKey = activeSockets.valueAt(i);
-            if (Objects.equals(socketKey, targetSocketKey) && socket.hasJoinedIpv4()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
     private void processResponsePacket(byte[] recvbuf, int length, @NonNull SocketKey socketKey) {
         int packetNumber = ++mReceivedPacketNumber;
 
@@ -249,7 +239,7 @@
             response = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(recvbuf, length);
         } catch (MdnsPacket.ParseException e) {
             if (e.code != MdnsResponseErrorCode.ERROR_NOT_RESPONSE_MESSAGE) {
-                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
+                mSharedLog.e(e.getMessage(), e);
                 if (mCallback != null) {
                     mCallback.onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(packetNumber, e.code, socketKey);
                 }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java
index 4c385da..644560c 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsPacketRepeater.java
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
-import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@
     protected final Handler mHandler;
     @Nullable
     private final PacketRepeaterCallback<T> mCb;
+    @NonNull
+    private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
 
     /**
      * Status callback from {@link MdnsPacketRepeater}.
@@ -87,12 +90,6 @@
         int getNumSends();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get the logging tag to use.
-     */
-    @NonNull
-    protected abstract String getTag();
-
     private final class ProbeHandler extends Handler {
         ProbeHandler(@NonNull Looper looper) {
             super(looper);
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@
 
             final MdnsPacket packet = request.getPacket(index);
             if (DBG) {
-                Log.v(getTag(), "Sending packets for iteration " + index + " out of "
+                mSharedLog.v("Sending packets for iteration " + index + " out of "
                         + request.getNumSends() + " for ID " + msg.what);
             }
             // Send to both v4 and v6 addresses; the reply sender will take care of ignoring the
@@ -121,7 +118,7 @@
                 try {
                     mReplySender.sendNow(packet, destination);
                 } catch (IOException e) {
-                    Log.e(getTag(), "Error sending packet to " + destination, e);
+                    mSharedLog.e("Error sending packet to " + destination, e);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -133,7 +130,7 @@
                 // likely not to be available since the device is in deep sleep anyway.
                 final long delay = request.getDelayMs(nextIndex);
                 sendMessageDelayed(obtainMessage(msg.what, nextIndex, 0, request), delay);
-                if (DBG) Log.v(getTag(), "Scheduled next packet in " + delay + "ms");
+                if (DBG) mSharedLog.v("Scheduled next packet in " + delay + "ms");
             }
 
             // Call onSent after scheduling the next run, to allow the callback to cancel it
@@ -144,15 +141,16 @@
     }
 
     protected MdnsPacketRepeater(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsReplySender replySender,
-            @Nullable PacketRepeaterCallback<T> cb) {
+            @Nullable PacketRepeaterCallback<T> cb, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
         mHandler = new ProbeHandler(looper);
         mReplySender = replySender;
         mCb = cb;
+        mSharedLog = sharedLog;
     }
 
     protected void startSending(int id, @NonNull T request, long initialDelayMs) {
         if (DBG) {
-            Log.v(getTag(), "Starting send with id " + id + ", request "
+            mSharedLog.v("Starting send with id " + id + ", request "
                     + request.getClass().getSimpleName() + ", delay " + initialDelayMs);
         }
         mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler.obtainMessage(id, 0, 0, request), initialDelayMs);
@@ -171,7 +169,7 @@
         // message cannot be cancelled.
         if (mHandler.hasMessages(id)) {
             if (DBG) {
-                Log.v(getTag(), "Stopping send on id " + id);
+                mSharedLog.v("Stopping send on id " + id);
             }
             mHandler.removeMessages(id);
             return true;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProber.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProber.java
index ecf846e..ba37f32 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProber.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProber.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -34,14 +35,11 @@
  */
 public class MdnsProber extends MdnsPacketRepeater<MdnsProber.ProbingInfo> {
     private static final long CONFLICT_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 5_000L;
-    @NonNull
-    private final String mLogTag;
 
-    public MdnsProber(@NonNull String interfaceTag, @NonNull Looper looper,
-            @NonNull MdnsReplySender replySender,
-            @NonNull PacketRepeaterCallback<ProbingInfo> cb) {
-        super(looper, replySender, cb);
-        mLogTag = MdnsProber.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceTag;
+    public MdnsProber(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsReplySender replySender,
+            @NonNull PacketRepeaterCallback<ProbingInfo> cb,
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+        super(looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog);
     }
 
     /** Probing request to send with {@link MdnsProber}. */
@@ -118,11 +116,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @NonNull
-    @Override
-    protected String getTag() {
-        return mLogTag;
-    }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected long getInitialDelay() {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsQueryScheduler.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsQueryScheduler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fcf0d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsQueryScheduler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivity.mdns;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * The query scheduler class for calculating next query tasks parameters.
+ * <p>
+ * The class is not thread-safe and needs to be used on a consistent thread.
+ */
+public class MdnsQueryScheduler {
+
+    /**
+     * The argument for tracking the query tasks status.
+     */
+    public static class ScheduledQueryTaskArgs {
+        public final QueryTaskConfig config;
+        public final long timeToRun;
+        public final long minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled;
+        public final long sessionId;
+
+        ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(@NonNull QueryTaskConfig config, long timeToRun,
+                long minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled, long sessionId) {
+            this.config = config;
+            this.timeToRun = timeToRun;
+            this.minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled = minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled;
+            this.sessionId = sessionId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private ScheduledQueryTaskArgs mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs;
+
+    public MdnsQueryScheduler() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cancel the scheduled run. The method needed to be called when the scheduled task need to
+     * be canceled and rescheduling is not need.
+     */
+    public void cancelScheduledRun() {
+        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates ScheduledQueryTaskArgs for rescheduling the current task. Returns null if the
+     * rescheduling is not necessary.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public ScheduledQueryTaskArgs maybeRescheduleCurrentRun(long now,
+            long minRemainingTtl, long lastSentTime, long sessionId) {
+        if (mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (!mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config.shouldUseQueryBackoff()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final long timeToRun = calculateTimeToRun(mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs,
+                mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config, now, minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime);
+
+        if (timeToRun <= mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.timeToRun) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config,
+                timeToRun,
+                minRemainingTtl + now,
+                sessionId);
+        return mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Calculates the ScheduledQueryTaskArgs for the next run.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public ScheduledQueryTaskArgs scheduleNextRun(
+            @NonNull QueryTaskConfig currentConfig,
+            long minRemainingTtl,
+            long now,
+            long lastSentTime,
+            long sessionId) {
+        final QueryTaskConfig nextRunConfig = currentConfig.getConfigForNextRun();
+        final long timeToRun;
+        if (mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs == null) {
+            timeToRun = now + nextRunConfig.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
+        } else {
+            timeToRun = calculateTimeToRun(mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs,
+                    nextRunConfig, now, minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime);
+        }
+        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(nextRunConfig, timeToRun,
+                minRemainingTtl + now,
+                sessionId);
+        return mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Calculates the ScheduledQueryTaskArgs for the initial run.
+     */
+    public ScheduledQueryTaskArgs scheduleFirstRun(@NonNull QueryTaskConfig taskConfig,
+            long now, long minRemainingTtl, long currentSessionId) {
+        mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(taskConfig, now /* timeToRun */,
+                now + minRemainingTtl/* minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled */,
+                currentSessionId);
+        return mLastScheduledQueryTaskArgs;
+    }
+
+    private static long calculateTimeToRun(@NonNull ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
+            QueryTaskConfig queryTaskConfig, long now, long minRemainingTtl, long lastSentTime) {
+        final long baseDelayInMs = queryTaskConfig.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
+        if (!queryTaskConfig.shouldUseQueryBackoff()) {
+            return lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs;
+        }
+        if (minRemainingTtl <= 0) {
+            // There's no service, or there is an expired service. In any case, schedule for the
+            // minimum time, which is the base delay.
+            return lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs;
+        }
+        // If the next TTL expiration time hasn't changed, then use previous calculated timeToRun.
+        if (lastSentTime < now
+                && taskArgs.minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled == now + minRemainingTtl) {
+            // Use the original scheduling time if the TTL has not changed, to avoid continuously
+            // rescheduling to 80% of the remaining TTL as time passes
+            return taskArgs.timeToRun;
+        }
+        return Math.max(now + (long) (0.8 * minRemainingTtl), lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
index 8bc598d..16c7d27 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsReplySender.java
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
-import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecordRepository.ReplyInfo;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -43,21 +43,21 @@
 public class MdnsReplySender {
     private static final boolean DBG = MdnsAdvertiser.DBG;
     private static final int MSG_SEND = 1;
-
-    private final String mLogTag;
     @NonNull
     private final MdnsInterfaceSocket mSocket;
     @NonNull
     private final Handler mHandler;
     @NonNull
     private final byte[] mPacketCreationBuffer;
+    @NonNull
+    private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
 
-    public MdnsReplySender(@NonNull String interfaceTag, @NonNull Looper looper,
-            @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket, @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer) {
+    public MdnsReplySender(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull MdnsInterfaceSocket socket,
+            @NonNull byte[] packetCreationBuffer, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
         mHandler = new SendHandler(looper);
-        mLogTag = MdnsReplySender.class.getSimpleName() + "/" +  interfaceTag;
         mSocket = socket;
         mPacketCreationBuffer = packetCreationBuffer;
+        mSharedLog = sharedLog;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
         mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SEND, reply), reply.sendDelayMs);
 
         if (DBG) {
-            Log.v(mLogTag, "Scheduling " + reply);
+            mSharedLog.v("Scheduling " + reply);
         }
     }
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
         @Override
         public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
             final ReplyInfo replyInfo = (ReplyInfo) msg.obj;
-            if (DBG) Log.v(mLogTag, "Sending " + replyInfo);
+            if (DBG) mSharedLog.v("Sending " + replyInfo);
 
             final int flags = 0x8400; // Response, authoritative (rfc6762 18.4)
             final MdnsPacket packet = new MdnsPacket(flags,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
             try {
                 sendNow(packet, replyInfo.destination);
             } catch (IOException e) {
-                Log.e(mLogTag, "Error sending MDNS response", e);
+                mSharedLog.e("Error sending MDNS response", e);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java
index a0a538e..2f10bde 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsResponseDecoder.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsLogger;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsUtils;
 
 import java.io.EOFException;
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@
 public class MdnsResponseDecoder {
     public static final int SUCCESS = 0;
     private static final String TAG = "MdnsResponseDecoder";
-    private static final MdnsLogger LOGGER = new MdnsLogger(TAG);
     private final boolean allowMultipleSrvRecordsPerHost =
             MdnsConfigs.allowMultipleSrvRecordsPerHost();
     @Nullable private final String[] serviceType;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceBrowserListener.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceBrowserListener.java
index 7c19359..4c3cbc0 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceBrowserListener.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceBrowserListener.java
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@
      * service records (PTR, SRV, TXT, A or AAAA) are received .
      *
      * @param serviceInfo The found mDNS service instance.
+     * @param isServiceFromCache Whether the found mDNS service is from cache.
      */
-    void onServiceFound(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    void onServiceFound(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo, boolean isServiceFromCache);
 
     /**
      * Called when an mDNS service instance is updated. This method would be called only if all
@@ -84,8 +85,9 @@
      * record has been received.
      *
      * @param serviceInfo The discovered mDNS service instance.
+     * @param isServiceFromCache Whether the discovered mDNS service is from cache.
      */
-    void onServiceNameDiscovered(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    void onServiceNameDiscovered(@NonNull MdnsServiceInfo serviceInfo, boolean isServiceFromCache);
 
     /**
      * Called when a discovered mDNS service instance is no longer valid and removed.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
index b5fd8a0..861d8d1 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClient.java
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
     @NonNull private final SocketKey socketKey;
     @NonNull private final SharedLog sharedLog;
     @NonNull private final Handler handler;
+    @NonNull private final MdnsQueryScheduler mdnsQueryScheduler;
     @NonNull private final Dependencies dependencies;
     /**
      * The service caches for each socket. It should be accessed from looper thread only.
@@ -82,9 +83,6 @@
     // QueryTask for
     // new subtypes. It stays the same between packets for same subtypes.
     private long currentSessionId = 0;
-
-    @Nullable
-    private ScheduledQueryTaskArgs lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs;
     private long lastSentTime;
 
     private class QueryTaskHandler extends Handler {
@@ -97,7 +95,8 @@
         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
             switch (msg.what) {
                 case EVENT_START_QUERYTASK: {
-                    final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs = (ScheduledQueryTaskArgs) msg.obj;
+                    final MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs =
+                            (MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs) msg.obj;
                     // QueryTask should be run immediately after being created (not be scheduled in
                     // advance). Because the result of "makeResponsesForResolve" depends on answers
                     // that were received before it is called, so to take into account all answers
@@ -126,15 +125,21 @@
 
                     tryRemoveServiceAfterTtlExpires();
 
-                    final QueryTaskConfig nextRunConfig =
-                            sentResult.taskArgs.config.getConfigForNextRun();
                     final long now = clock.elapsedRealtime();
                     lastSentTime = now;
                     final long minRemainingTtl = getMinRemainingTtl(now);
-                    final long timeToRun = calculateTimeToRun(lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs,
-                            nextRunConfig, now, minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime);
-                    scheduleNextRun(nextRunConfig, minRemainingTtl, now, timeToRun,
-                            lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.sessionId);
+                    MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
+                            mdnsQueryScheduler.scheduleNextRun(
+                                    sentResult.taskArgs.config,
+                                    minRemainingTtl,
+                                    now,
+                                    lastSentTime,
+                                    sentResult.taskArgs.sessionId
+                            );
+                    dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                            handler,
+                            handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
+                            calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now, sharedLog));
                     break;
                 }
                 default:
@@ -219,6 +224,7 @@
         this.handler = new QueryTaskHandler(looper);
         this.dependencies = dependencies;
         this.serviceCache = serviceCache;
+        this.mdnsQueryScheduler = new MdnsQueryScheduler();
     }
 
     private static MdnsServiceInfo buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(
@@ -291,15 +297,16 @@
                 if (!responseMatchesOptions(existingResponse, searchOptions)) continue;
                 final MdnsServiceInfo info =
                         buildMdnsServiceInfoFromResponse(existingResponse, serviceTypeLabels);
-                listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(info);
+                listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(info, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
                 if (existingResponse.isComplete()) {
-                    listener.onServiceFound(info);
+                    listener.onServiceFound(info, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
                     hadReply = true;
                 }
             }
         }
         // Remove the next scheduled periodical task.
         removeScheduledTask();
+        mdnsQueryScheduler.cancelScheduledRun();
         // Keep tracking the ScheduledFuture for the task so we can cancel it if caller is not
         // interested anymore.
         final QueryTaskConfig taskConfig = new QueryTaskConfig(
@@ -312,18 +319,25 @@
         if (lastSentTime == 0) {
             lastSentTime = now;
         }
+        final long minRemainingTtl = getMinRemainingTtl(now);
         if (hadReply) {
-            final QueryTaskConfig queryTaskConfig = taskConfig.getConfigForNextRun();
-            final long minRemainingTtl = getMinRemainingTtl(now);
-            final long timeToRun = now + queryTaskConfig.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
-            scheduleNextRun(
-                    queryTaskConfig, minRemainingTtl, now, timeToRun, currentSessionId);
+            MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
+                    mdnsQueryScheduler.scheduleNextRun(
+                            taskConfig,
+                            minRemainingTtl,
+                            now,
+                            lastSentTime,
+                            currentSessionId
+                    );
+            dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                    handler,
+                    handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
+                    calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now, sharedLog));
         } else {
             final List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve = makeResponsesForResolve(socketKey);
-            lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(taskConfig, now /* timeToRun */,
-                    now + getMinRemainingTtl(now)/* minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled */,
-                    currentSessionId);
-            final QueryTask queryTask = new QueryTask(lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs, servicesToResolve,
+            final QueryTask queryTask = new QueryTask(
+                    mdnsQueryScheduler.scheduleFirstRun(taskConfig, now,
+                            minRemainingTtl, currentSessionId), servicesToResolve,
                     servicesToResolve.size() < listeners.size() /* sendDiscoveryQueries */);
             executor.submit(queryTask);
         }
@@ -341,7 +355,6 @@
         sharedLog.log("Remove EVENT_START_QUERYTASK"
                 + ", current session: " + currentSessionId);
         ++currentSessionId;
-        lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = null;
     }
 
     private boolean responseMatchesOptions(@NonNull MdnsResponse response,
@@ -378,6 +391,7 @@
         }
         if (listeners.isEmpty()) {
             removeScheduledTask();
+            mdnsQueryScheduler.cancelScheduledRun();
         }
         return listeners.isEmpty();
     }
@@ -421,18 +435,18 @@
                 serviceCache.addOrUpdateService(serviceType, socketKey, response);
             }
         }
-        if (dependencies.hasMessages(handler, EVENT_START_QUERYTASK)
-                && lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs != null
-                && lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config.shouldUseQueryBackoff()) {
+        if (dependencies.hasMessages(handler, EVENT_START_QUERYTASK)) {
             final long now = clock.elapsedRealtime();
             final long minRemainingTtl = getMinRemainingTtl(now);
-            final long timeToRun = calculateTimeToRun(lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs,
-                    lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config, now,
-                    minRemainingTtl, lastSentTime);
-            if (timeToRun > lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.timeToRun) {
-                QueryTaskConfig lastTaskConfig = lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.config;
+            MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args =
+                    mdnsQueryScheduler.maybeRescheduleCurrentRun(now, minRemainingTtl,
+                            lastSentTime, currentSessionId + 1);
+            if (args != null) {
                 removeScheduledTask();
-                scheduleNextRun(lastTaskConfig, minRemainingTtl, now, timeToRun, currentSessionId);
+                dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
+                        handler,
+                        handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, args),
+                        calculateTimeToNextTask(args, now, sharedLog));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -464,6 +478,7 @@
             }
         }
         removeScheduledTask();
+        mdnsQueryScheduler.cancelScheduledRun();
     }
 
     private void onResponseModified(@NonNull MdnsResponse response) {
@@ -497,13 +512,13 @@
             final MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener = listeners.keyAt(i);
             if (newServiceFound) {
                 sharedLog.log("onServiceNameDiscovered: " + serviceInfo);
-                listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfo);
+                listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
             }
 
             if (response.isComplete()) {
                 if (newServiceFound || serviceBecomesComplete) {
                     sharedLog.log("onServiceFound: " + serviceInfo);
-                    listener.onServiceFound(serviceInfo);
+                    listener.onServiceFound(serviceInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
                 } else {
                     sharedLog.log("onServiceUpdated: " + serviceInfo);
                     listener.onServiceUpdated(serviceInfo);
@@ -599,28 +614,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static class ScheduledQueryTaskArgs {
-        private final QueryTaskConfig config;
-        private final long timeToRun;
-        private final long minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled;
-        private final long sessionId;
-
-        ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(@NonNull QueryTaskConfig config, long timeToRun,
-                long minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled, long sessionId) {
-            this.config = config;
-            this.timeToRun = timeToRun;
-            this.minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled = minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled;
-            this.sessionId = sessionId;
-        }
-    }
 
     private static class QuerySentArguments {
         private final int transactionId;
         private final List<String> subTypes = new ArrayList<>();
-        private final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
+        private final MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
 
         QuerySentArguments(int transactionId, @NonNull List<String> subTypes,
-                @NonNull ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs) {
+                @NonNull MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs) {
             this.transactionId = transactionId;
             this.subTypes.addAll(subTypes);
             this.taskArgs = taskArgs;
@@ -629,12 +630,10 @@
 
     // A FutureTask that enqueues a single query, and schedule a new FutureTask for the next task.
     private class QueryTask implements Runnable {
-
-        private final ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
+        private final MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs;
         private final List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve = new ArrayList<>();
         private final boolean sendDiscoveryQueries;
-
-        QueryTask(@NonNull ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
+        QueryTask(@NonNull MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
                 @NonNull List<MdnsResponse> servicesToResolve, boolean sendDiscoveryQueries) {
             this.taskArgs = taskArgs;
             this.servicesToResolve.addAll(servicesToResolve);
@@ -657,7 +656,8 @@
                                 taskArgs.config.onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks,
                                 sendDiscoveryQueries,
                                 servicesToResolve,
-                                clock)
+                                clock,
+                                sharedLog)
                                 .call();
             } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                 sharedLog.e(String.format("Failed to run EnqueueMdnsQueryCallable for subtype: %s",
@@ -670,27 +670,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static long calculateTimeToRun(@NonNull ScheduledQueryTaskArgs taskArgs,
-            QueryTaskConfig queryTaskConfig, long now, long minRemainingTtl, long lastSentTime) {
-        final long baseDelayInMs = queryTaskConfig.delayUntilNextTaskWithoutBackoffMs;
-        if (!queryTaskConfig.shouldUseQueryBackoff()) {
-            return lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs;
-        }
-        if (minRemainingTtl <= 0) {
-            // There's no service, or there is an expired service. In any case, schedule for the
-            // minimum time, which is the base delay.
-            return lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs;
-        }
-        // If the next TTL expiration time hasn't changed, then use previous calculated timeToRun.
-        if (lastSentTime < now
-                && taskArgs.minTtlExpirationTimeWhenScheduled == now + minRemainingTtl) {
-            // Use the original scheduling time if the TTL has not changed, to avoid continuously
-            // rescheduling to 80% of the remaining TTL as time passes
-            return taskArgs.timeToRun;
-        }
-        return Math.max(now + (long) (0.8 * minRemainingTtl), lastSentTime + baseDelayInMs);
-    }
-
     private long getMinRemainingTtl(long now) {
         long minRemainingTtl = Long.MAX_VALUE;
         for (MdnsResponse response : serviceCache.getCachedServices(serviceType, socketKey)) {
@@ -710,19 +689,11 @@
         return minRemainingTtl == Long.MAX_VALUE ? 0 : minRemainingTtl;
     }
 
-    @NonNull
-    private void scheduleNextRun(@NonNull QueryTaskConfig nextRunConfig,
-            long minRemainingTtl,
-            long timeWhenScheduled, long timeToRun, long sessionId) {
-        lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs = new ScheduledQueryTaskArgs(nextRunConfig, timeToRun,
-                minRemainingTtl + timeWhenScheduled, sessionId);
-        // The timeWhenScheduled could be greater than the timeToRun if the Runnable is delayed.
-        long timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs = Math.max(timeToRun - timeWhenScheduled, 0);
+    private static long calculateTimeToNextTask(MdnsQueryScheduler.ScheduledQueryTaskArgs args,
+            long now, SharedLog sharedLog) {
+        long timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs = Math.max(args.timeToRun - now, 0);
         sharedLog.log(String.format("Next run: sessionId: %d, in %d ms",
-                lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs.sessionId, timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs));
-        dependencies.sendMessageDelayed(
-                handler,
-                handler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_QUERYTASK, lastScheduledQueryTaskArgs),
-                timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs);
+                args.sessionId, timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs));
+        return timeToNextTasksWithBackoffInMs;
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
index cdd9f76..d690032 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocket.java
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsLogger;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@
  * @see MulticastSocket for javadoc of each public method.
  */
 public class MdnsSocket {
-    private static final MdnsLogger LOGGER = new MdnsLogger("MdnsSocket");
-
     static final int INTERFACE_INDEX_UNSPECIFIED = -1;
     public static final InetSocketAddress MULTICAST_IPV4_ADDRESS =
             new InetSocketAddress(MdnsConstants.getMdnsIPv4Address(), MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT);
@@ -47,19 +45,22 @@
     private final MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider;
     private final MulticastSocket multicastSocket;
     private boolean isOnIPv6OnlyNetwork;
+    private final SharedLog sharedLog;
 
     public MdnsSocket(
-            @NonNull MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider, int port)
+            @NonNull MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider, int port,
+            SharedLog sharedLog)
             throws IOException {
-        this(multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider, new MulticastSocket(port));
+        this(multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider, new MulticastSocket(port), sharedLog);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     MdnsSocket(@NonNull MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider,
-            MulticastSocket multicastSocket) throws IOException {
+            MulticastSocket multicastSocket, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
         this.multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider = multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider;
         this.multicastNetworkInterfaceProvider.startWatchingConnectivityChanges();
         this.multicastSocket = multicastSocket;
+        this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         // RFC Spec: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762
         // Time to live is set 255, which is similar to the jMDNS implementation.
         multicastSocket.setTimeToLive(255);
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@
         try {
             return multicastSocket.getNetworkInterface().getIndex();
         } catch (SocketException e) {
-            LOGGER.e("Failed to retrieve interface index for socket.", e);
+            sharedLog.e("Failed to retrieve interface index for socket.", e);
             return -1;
         }
     }
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
index 9c9812d..d18a19b 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClient.java
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsLogger;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
     private static final String CAST_SENDER_LOG_SOURCE = "CAST_SENDER_SDK";
     private static final String CAST_PREFS_NAME = "google_cast";
     private static final String PREF_CAST_SENDER_ID = "PREF_CAST_SENDER_ID";
-    private static final MdnsLogger LOGGER = new MdnsLogger(TAG);
     private static final String MULTICAST_TYPE = "multicast";
     private static final String UNICAST_TYPE = "unicast";
 
@@ -105,8 +104,11 @@
     @Nullable private Timer logMdnsPacketTimer;
     private AtomicInteger packetsCount;
     @Nullable private Timer checkMulticastResponseTimer;
+    private final SharedLog sharedLog;
 
-    public MdnsSocketClient(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull MulticastLock multicastLock) {
+    public MdnsSocketClient(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull MulticastLock multicastLock,
+            SharedLog sharedLog) {
+        this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         this.context = context;
         this.multicastLock = multicastLock;
         if (useSeparateSocketForUnicast) {
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@
     @Override
     public synchronized void startDiscovery() throws IOException {
         if (multicastSocket != null) {
-            LOGGER.w("Discovery is already in progress.");
+            sharedLog.w("Discovery is already in progress.");
             return;
         }
 
@@ -136,11 +138,11 @@
         shouldStopSocketLoop = false;
         try {
             // TODO (changed when importing code): consider setting thread stats tag
-            multicastSocket = createMdnsSocket(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT);
+            multicastSocket = createMdnsSocket(MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, sharedLog);
             multicastSocket.joinGroup();
             if (useSeparateSocketForUnicast) {
                 // For unicast, use port 0 and the system will assign it with any available port.
-                unicastSocket = createMdnsSocket(0);
+                unicastSocket = createMdnsSocket(0, sharedLog);
             }
             multicastLock.acquire();
         } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@
     @RequiresPermission(permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE)
     @Override
     public void stopDiscovery() {
-        LOGGER.log("Stop discovery.");
+        sharedLog.log("Stop discovery.");
         if (multicastSocket == null && unicastSocket == null) {
             return;
         }
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@
     private void sendMdnsPacket(DatagramPacket packet, Queue<DatagramPacket> packetQueueToUse,
             boolean onlyUseIpv6OnIpv6OnlyNetworks) {
         if (shouldStopSocketLoop && !MdnsConfigs.allowAddMdnsPacketAfterDiscoveryStops()) {
-            LOGGER.w("sendMdnsPacket() is called after discovery already stopped");
+            sharedLog.w("sendMdnsPacket() is called after discovery already stopped");
             return;
         }
 
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@
 
     private void createAndStartSendThread() {
         if (sendThread != null) {
-            LOGGER.w("A socket thread already exists.");
+            sharedLog.w("A socket thread already exists.");
             return;
         }
         sendThread = new Thread(this::sendThreadMain);
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@
 
     private void createAndStartReceiverThreads() {
         if (multicastReceiveThread != null) {
-            LOGGER.w("A multicast receiver thread already exists.");
+            sharedLog.w("A multicast receiver thread already exists.");
             return;
         }
         multicastReceiveThread =
@@ -292,12 +294,12 @@
     }
 
     private void triggerSendThread() {
-        LOGGER.log("Trigger send thread.");
+        sharedLog.log("Trigger send thread.");
         Thread sendThread = this.sendThread;
         if (sendThread != null) {
             sendThread.interrupt();
         } else {
-            LOGGER.w("Socket thread is null");
+            sharedLog.w("Socket thread is null");
         }
     }
 
@@ -314,9 +316,9 @@
     }
 
     private void waitForSendThreadToStop() {
-        LOGGER.log("wait For Send Thread To Stop");
+        sharedLog.log("wait For Send Thread To Stop");
         if (sendThread == null) {
-            LOGGER.w("socket thread is already dead.");
+            sharedLog.w("socket thread is already dead.");
             return;
         }
         waitForThread(sendThread);
@@ -331,7 +333,7 @@
                 thread.interrupt();
                 thread.join(waitMs);
                 if (thread.isAlive()) {
-                    LOGGER.w("Failed to join thread: " + thread);
+                    sharedLog.w("Failed to join thread: " + thread);
                 }
                 break;
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
@@ -390,13 +392,13 @@
                 }
             }
         } finally {
-            LOGGER.log("Send thread stopped.");
+            sharedLog.log("Send thread stopped.");
             try {
                 if (multicastSocket != null) {
                     multicastSocket.leaveGroup();
                 }
             } catch (Exception t) {
-                LOGGER.e("Failed to leave the group.", t);
+                sharedLog.e("Failed to leave the group.", t);
             }
 
             // Close the socket first. This is the only way to interrupt a blocking receive.
@@ -409,7 +411,7 @@
                     unicastSocket.close();
                 }
             } catch (RuntimeException t) {
-                LOGGER.e("Failed to close the mdns socket.", t);
+                sharedLog.e("Failed to close the mdns socket.", t);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -439,11 +441,11 @@
                 }
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 if (!shouldStopSocketLoop) {
-                    LOGGER.e("Failed to receive mDNS packets.", e);
+                    sharedLog.e("Failed to receive mDNS packets.", e);
                 }
             }
         }
-        LOGGER.log("Receive thread stopped.");
+        sharedLog.log("Receive thread stopped.");
     }
 
     private int processResponsePacket(@NonNull DatagramPacket packet, String responseType,
@@ -454,7 +456,7 @@
         try {
             response = MdnsResponseDecoder.parseResponse(packet.getData(), packet.getLength());
         } catch (MdnsPacket.ParseException e) {
-            LOGGER.w(String.format("Error while decoding %s packet (%d): %d",
+            sharedLog.w(String.format("Error while decoding %s packet (%d): %d",
                     responseType, packetNumber, e.code));
             if (callback != null) {
                 callback.onFailedToParseMdnsResponse(packetNumber, e.code,
@@ -476,8 +478,9 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port) throws IOException {
-        return new MdnsSocket(new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context), port);
+    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
+        return new MdnsSocket(new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context, sharedLog), port,
+                sharedLog);
     }
 
     private void sendPackets(List<DatagramPacket> packets, MdnsSocket socket) {
@@ -487,7 +490,7 @@
                 break;
             }
             try {
-                LOGGER.log("Sending a %s mDNS packet...", requestType);
+                sharedLog.log(String.format("Sending a %s mDNS packet...", requestType));
                 socket.send(packet);
 
                 // Start the timer task to monitor the response.
@@ -516,7 +519,7 @@
                                                 }
                                                 if ((!receivedMulticastResponse)
                                                         && receivedUnicastResponse) {
-                                                    LOGGER.e(String.format(
+                                                    sharedLog.e(String.format(
                                                             "Haven't received multicast response"
                                                                     + " in the last %d ms.",
                                                             checkMulticastResponseIntervalMs));
@@ -531,7 +534,7 @@
                     }
                 }
             } catch (IOException e) {
-                LOGGER.e(String.format("Failed to send a %s mDNS packet.", requestType), e);
+                sharedLog.e(String.format("Failed to send a %s mDNS packet.", requestType), e);
             }
         }
         packets.clear();
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
index 6925b49..23c5a4d 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
-import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@
 
             if (mWifiP2pTetherInterface != null) {
                 if (newP2pIface != null) {
-                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Wifi p2p interface is changed from " + mWifiP2pTetherInterface
+                    mSharedLog.wtf("Wifi p2p interface is changed from " + mWifiP2pTetherInterface
                             + " to " + newP2pIface + " without null broadcast");
                 }
                 // Remove the socket.
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@
             if (newP2pIface != null && !socketAlreadyExists) {
                 // Create a socket for wifi p2p interface.
                 final int ifaceIndex =
-                        mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(newP2pIface);
+                        mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(newP2pIface, mSharedLog);
                 createSocket(LOCAL_NET, createLPForTetheredInterface(newP2pIface, ifaceIndex));
             }
         }
@@ -233,21 +232,23 @@
         /*** Create a MdnsInterfaceSocket */
         public MdnsInterfaceSocket createMdnsInterfaceSocket(
                 @NonNull NetworkInterface networkInterface, int port, @NonNull Looper looper,
-                @NonNull byte[] packetReadBuffer) throws IOException {
-            return new MdnsInterfaceSocket(networkInterface, port, looper, packetReadBuffer);
+                @NonNull byte[] packetReadBuffer, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
+            return new MdnsInterfaceSocket(networkInterface, port, looper, packetReadBuffer,
+                    sharedLog);
         }
 
         /*** Get network interface by given interface name */
-        public int getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(@NonNull final String ifaceName) {
+        public int getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(@NonNull final String ifaceName,
+                @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
             final NetworkInterface iface;
             try {
                 iface = NetworkInterface.getByName(ifaceName);
             } catch (SocketException e) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Error querying interface", e);
+                sharedLog.e("Error querying interface", e);
                 return IFACE_IDX_NOT_EXIST;
             }
             if (iface == null) {
-                Log.e(TAG, "Interface not found: " + ifaceName);
+                sharedLog.e("Interface not found: " + ifaceName);
                 return IFACE_IDX_NOT_EXIST;
             }
             return iface.getIndex();
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         mRequestStop = false; // Reset stop request flag.
         if (mMonitoringSockets) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "Already monitoring sockets.");
+            mSharedLog.v("Already monitoring sockets.");
             return;
         }
         mSharedLog.i("Start monitoring sockets.");
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@
     public void requestStopWhenInactive() {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         if (!mMonitoringSockets) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "Monitoring sockets hasn't been started.");
+            mSharedLog.v("Monitoring sockets hasn't been started.");
             return;
         }
         mRequestStop = true;
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@
         mActiveNetworksLinkProperties.put(network, lp);
         if (!matchRequestedNetwork(network)) {
             if (DBG) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "Ignore LinkProperties change. There is no request for the"
+                mSharedLog.v("Ignore LinkProperties change. There is no request for the"
                         + " Network:" + network);
             }
             return;
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@
             @NonNull final List<LinkAddress> updatedAddresses) {
         for (int i = 0; i < mTetherInterfaceSockets.size(); ++i) {
             String tetheringInterfaceName = mTetherInterfaceSockets.keyAt(i);
-            if (mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(tetheringInterfaceName)
+            if (mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(tetheringInterfaceName, mSharedLog)
                     == ifaceIndex) {
                 updateSocketInfoAddress(null /* network */,
                         mTetherInterfaceSockets.valueAt(i), updatedAddresses);
@@ -462,7 +463,7 @@
             // tethering are only created if there is a request for all networks (interfaces).
             // Therefore, only update the interface list and skip this change if no such request.
             if (DBG) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "Ignore tether interfaces change. There is no request for all"
+                mSharedLog.v("Ignore tether interfaces change. There is no request for all"
                         + " networks.");
             }
             current.clear();
@@ -482,7 +483,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(name);
+            int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(name, mSharedLog);
             createSocket(LOCAL_NET, createLPForTetheredInterface(name, ifaceIndex));
         }
         for (String name : interfaceDiff.removed) {
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@
     private void createSocket(NetworkKey networkKey, LinkProperties lp) {
         final String interfaceName = lp.getInterfaceName();
         if (interfaceName == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Can not create socket with null interface name.");
+            mSharedLog.e("Can not create socket with null interface name.");
             return;
         }
 
@@ -514,7 +515,7 @@
                 if (knownTransports != null) {
                     transports = knownTransports;
                 } else {
-                    Log.wtf(TAG, "transports is missing for key: " + networkKey);
+                    mSharedLog.wtf("transports is missing for key: " + networkKey);
                     transports = new int[0];
                 }
             }
@@ -525,7 +526,8 @@
             mSharedLog.log("Create socket on net:" + networkKey + ", ifName:" + interfaceName);
             final MdnsInterfaceSocket socket = mDependencies.createMdnsInterfaceSocket(
                     networkInterface.getNetworkInterface(), MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT, mLooper,
-                    mPacketReadBuffer);
+                    mPacketReadBuffer, mSharedLog.forSubComponent(
+                            MdnsInterfaceSocket.class.getSimpleName() + "/" + interfaceName));
             final List<LinkAddress> addresses = lp.getLinkAddresses();
             final Network network =
                     networkKey == LOCAL_NET ? null : ((NetworkAsKey) networkKey).mNetwork;
@@ -637,7 +639,7 @@
             final LinkProperties lp = mActiveNetworksLinkProperties.get(network);
             if (lp == null) {
                 // The requested network is not existed. Maybe wait for LinkProperties change later.
-                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "There is no LinkProperties for this network:" + network);
+                if (DBG) mSharedLog.v("There is no LinkProperties for this network:" + network);
                 return;
             }
             createSocket(new NetworkAsKey(network), lp);
@@ -652,7 +654,8 @@
     private void retrieveAndNotifySocketFromInterface(String interfaceName, SocketCallback cb) {
         final SocketInfo socketInfo = mTetherInterfaceSockets.get(interfaceName);
         if (socketInfo == null) {
-            int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(interfaceName);
+            int ifaceIndex = mDependencies.getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(interfaceName,
+                    mSharedLog);
             createSocket(
                     LOCAL_NET,
                     createLPForTetheredInterface(interfaceName, ifaceIndex));
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.java
index f248c98..da82e96 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.util.MdnsLogger;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 public class MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider {
 
     private static final String TAG = "MdnsNIProvider";
-    private static final MdnsLogger LOGGER = new MdnsLogger(TAG);
+    private final SharedLog sharedLog;
     private static final boolean PREFER_IPV6 = MdnsConfigs.preferIpv6();
 
     private final List<NetworkInterfaceWrapper> multicastNetworkInterfaces = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -51,10 +51,12 @@
     private volatile boolean connectivityChanged = true;
 
     @SuppressWarnings("nullness:methodref.receiver.bound")
-    public MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(@NonNull Context context) {
+    public MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
+        this.sharedLog = sharedLog;
         // IMPORT CHANGED
         this.connectivityMonitor = new ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager(
-                context, this::onConnectivityChanged);
+                context, this::onConnectivityChanged, sharedLog);
     }
 
     private synchronized void onConnectivityChanged() {
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@
             connectivityChanged = false;
             updateMulticastNetworkInterfaces();
             if (multicastNetworkInterfaces.isEmpty()) {
-                LOGGER.log("No network interface available for mDNS scanning.");
+                sharedLog.log("No network interface available for mDNS scanning.");
             }
         }
         return new ArrayList<>(multicastNetworkInterfaces);
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@
         multicastNetworkInterfaces.clear();
         List<NetworkInterfaceWrapper> networkInterfaceWrappers = getNetworkInterfaces();
         for (NetworkInterfaceWrapper interfaceWrapper : networkInterfaceWrappers) {
-            if (canScanOnInterface(interfaceWrapper)) {
+            if (canScanOnInterface(interfaceWrapper, sharedLog)) {
                 multicastNetworkInterfaces.add(interfaceWrapper);
             }
         }
@@ -133,10 +135,10 @@
                 }
             }
         } catch (SocketException e) {
-            LOGGER.e("Failed to get network interfaces.", e);
+            sharedLog.e("Failed to get network interfaces.", e);
         } catch (NullPointerException e) {
             // Android R has a bug that could lead to a NPE. See b/159277702.
-            LOGGER.e("Failed to call getNetworkInterfaces API", e);
+            sharedLog.e("Failed to call getNetworkInterfaces API", e);
         }
 
         return networkInterfaceWrappers;
@@ -148,7 +150,8 @@
     }
 
     /*** Check whether given network interface can support mdns */
-    private static boolean canScanOnInterface(@Nullable NetworkInterfaceWrapper networkInterface) {
+    private static boolean canScanOnInterface(@Nullable NetworkInterfaceWrapper networkInterface,
+            @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog) {
         try {
             if ((networkInterface == null)
                     || networkInterface.isLoopback()
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@
             }
             return hasInet4Address(networkInterface) || hasInet6Address(networkInterface);
         } catch (IOException e) {
-            LOGGER.e(String.format("Failed to check interface %s.",
+            sharedLog.e(String.format("Failed to check interface %s.",
                     networkInterface.getNetworkInterface().getDisplayName()), e);
         }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java
index c21c903..6f16436 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/internal/SocketNetlinkMonitor.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
-import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.NetlinkMonitor;
@@ -37,6 +36,8 @@
 public class SocketNetlinkMonitor extends NetlinkMonitor implements AbstractSocketNetlinkMonitor {
 
     public static final String TAG = SocketNetlinkMonitor.class.getSimpleName();
+    @NonNull
+    private final SharedLog mSharedLog;
 
     @NonNull
     private final MdnsSocketProvider.NetLinkMonitorCallBack mCb;
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
         super(handler, log, TAG, OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE,
                 NetlinkConstants.RTMGRP_IPV4_IFADDR | NetlinkConstants.RTMGRP_IPV6_IFADDR);
         mCb = cb;
+        mSharedLog = log;
     }
     @Override
     public void processNetlinkMessage(NetlinkMessage nlMsg, long whenMs) {
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@
                 mCb.deleteInterfaceAddress(ifaddrMsg.index, la);
                 break;
             default:
-                Log.e(TAG, "Unknown rtnetlink address msg type " + msg.getHeader().nlmsg_type);
+                mSharedLog.e("Unknown rtnetlink address msg type " + msg.getHeader().nlmsg_type);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
index 8141350..48e86d8 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetTracker.java
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
     protected void unicastInterfaceStateChange(@NonNull IEthernetServiceListener listener,
             @NonNull String iface) {
         ensureRunningOnEthernetServiceThread();
-        final int state = mFactory.getInterfaceState(iface);
+        final int state = getInterfaceState(iface);
         final int role = getInterfaceRole(iface);
         final IpConfiguration config = getIpConfigurationForCallback(iface, state);
         try {
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
index ceae9ba..27c0f9f 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     // This is current path but may be changed soon.
     private static final String IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH =
             "/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_iface_index_name_map";
-    private final IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<S32, InterfaceMapValue> mIndexToIfaceBpfMap;
     private final INetd mNetd;
     private final Handler mHandler;
     private final Dependencies mDeps;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(Context ctx, Handler handler, Dependencies deps) {
         mDeps = deps;
-        mBpfMap = deps.getInterfaceMap();
+        mIndexToIfaceBpfMap = deps.getInterfaceMap();
         mNetd = deps.getINetd(ctx);
         mHandler = handler;
     }
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
      */
     public void start() {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
-            if (mBpfMap == null) {
+            if (mIndexToIfaceBpfMap == null) {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to start: Null bpf map");
                 return;
             }
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
         }
 
         try {
-            mBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
+            mIndexToIfaceBpfMap.updateEntry(new S32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Unable to update entry for " + ifaceName + ", " + e);
         }
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
     /** get interface name by interface index from bpf map */
     public String getIfNameByIndex(final int index) {
         try {
-            final InterfaceMapValue value = mBpfMap.getValue(new S32(index));
+            final InterfaceMapValue value = mIndexToIfaceBpfMap.getValue(new S32(index));
             if (value == null) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "No if name entry for index " + index);
                 return null;
@@ -162,11 +162,12 @@
     public void dump(final IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
         pw.println("BPF map status:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
-        BpfDump.dumpMapStatus(mBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap", IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
+        BpfDump.dumpMapStatus(mIndexToIfaceBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
+                IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
         pw.println("BPF map content:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
-        BpfDump.dumpMap(mBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
+        BpfDump.dumpMap(mIndexToIfaceBpfMap, pw, "IfaceIndexNameMap",
                 (key, value) -> "ifaceIndex=" + key.val
                         + " ifaceName=" + value.getInterfaceNameString());
         pw.decreaseIndent();
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 6635fd3..c46eada 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
 
+import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.getDisplayTransport;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT;
 
@@ -3248,7 +3249,8 @@
      * Default external settings that read from
      * {@link android.provider.Settings.Global}.
      */
-    private static class DefaultNetworkStatsSettings implements NetworkStatsSettings {
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    static class DefaultNetworkStatsSettings implements NetworkStatsSettings {
         DefaultNetworkStatsSettings() {}
 
         @Override
@@ -3303,6 +3305,7 @@
 
     private static native long nativeGetTotalStat(int type);
     private static native long nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface, int type);
+    private static native long nativeGetIfIndexStat(int ifindex, int type);
     private static native long nativeGetUidStat(int uid, int type);
 
     /** Initializes and registers the Perfetto Network Trace data source */
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/metrics/stats.proto b/service/src/com/android/metrics/stats.proto
index 006d20a..99afb90 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/metrics/stats.proto
+++ b/service/src/com/android/metrics/stats.proto
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@
 
   // Record query service count before unregistered service
   optional int32 replied_requests_count = 11;
+
+  // Record sent query count before stopped discovery
+  optional int32 sent_query_count = 12;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index 7aff6a4..2842cc3 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
-import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
@@ -95,8 +94,8 @@
     private static boolean sInitialized = false;
 
     private static Boolean sEnableJavaBpfMap = null;
-    private static final String BPF_NET_MAPS_ENABLE_JAVA_BPF_MAP =
-            "bpf_net_maps_enable_java_bpf_map";
+    private static final String BPF_NET_MAPS_FORCE_DISABLE_JAVA_BPF_MAP =
+            "bpf_net_maps_force_disable_java_bpf_map";
 
     // Lock for sConfigurationMap entry for UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY.
     // This entry is not accessed by others.
@@ -283,9 +282,8 @@
         if (sInitialized) return;
         if (sEnableJavaBpfMap == null) {
             sEnableJavaBpfMap = SdkLevel.isAtLeastU() ||
-                    DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(context,
-                            DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING, BPF_NET_MAPS_ENABLE_JAVA_BPF_MAP,
-                            DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, false /* defaultValue */);
+                    DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                            BPF_NET_MAPS_FORCE_DISABLE_JAVA_BPF_MAP);
         }
         Log.d(TAG, "BpfNetMaps is initialized with sEnableJavaBpfMap=" + sEnableJavaBpfMap);
 
@@ -1143,7 +1141,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static native void native_init(boolean startSkDestroyListener);
 
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index bc703a9..ab5024c 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -1413,10 +1413,10 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isFeatureEnabled
+         * @see DeviceConfigUtils#isTetheringFeatureEnabled
          */
         public boolean isFeatureEnabled(Context context, String name) {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(context, NAMESPACE_TETHERING, name,
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureEnabled(context, NAMESPACE_TETHERING, name,
                     TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, false /* defaultValue */);
         }
 
@@ -2985,19 +2985,17 @@
     }
 
     private void handleFrozenUids(int[] uids, int[] frozenStates) {
-        final ArraySet<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        final ArraySet<Integer> ownerUids = new ArraySet<>();
 
         for (int i = 0; i < uids.length; i++) {
             if (frozenStates[i] == UID_FROZEN_STATE_FROZEN) {
-                Integer uidAsInteger = Integer.valueOf(uids[i]);
-                ranges.add(new Range(uidAsInteger, uidAsInteger));
+                ownerUids.add(uids[i]);
             }
         }
 
-        if (!ranges.isEmpty()) {
-            final Set<Integer> exemptUids = new ArraySet<>();
+        if (!ownerUids.isEmpty()) {
             try {
-                mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSockets(ranges, exemptUids);
+                mDeps.destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(ownerUids);
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 loge("Exception in socket destroy: " + e);
             }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
index 2131597..3befcfa 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.MIN_INTERVAL_SEC;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS_PAUSED;
-import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.SOL_SOCKET;
@@ -92,8 +91,8 @@
     private static final int[] ADDRESS_FAMILIES = new int[] {AF_INET6, AF_INET};
     private static final long LOW_TCP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS = 1_000L;
     private static final int ADJUST_TCP_POLLING_DELAY_MS = 2000;
-    private static final String AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_VERSION =
-            "automatic_on_off_keepalive_version";
+    private static final String AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_DISABLE_FLAG =
+            "automatic_on_off_keepalive_disable_flag";
     public static final long METRICS_COLLECTION_DURATION_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000L;
 
     // ConnectivityService parses message constants from itself and AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker
@@ -219,31 +218,36 @@
             // Reading DeviceConfig will check if the calling uid and calling package name are the
             // same. Clear calling identity to align the calling uid and package
             final boolean enabled = BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
-                    () -> mDependencies.isFeatureEnabled(AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_VERSION,
-                            true /* defaultEnabled */));
+                    () -> mDependencies.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                            AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_DISABLE_FLAG));
             if (autoOnOff && enabled) {
                 mAutomaticOnOffState = STATE_ENABLED;
                 if (null == ki.mFd) {
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("fd can't be null with automatic "
                             + "on/off keepalives");
                 }
-                try {
-                    mFd = Os.dup(ki.mFd);
-                } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                    Log.e(TAG, "Cannot dup fd: ", e);
-                    throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET, e);
-                }
                 mAlarmListener = () -> mConnectivityServiceHandler.obtainMessage(
                         CMD_MONITOR_AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE, mCallback.asBinder())
                         .sendToTarget();
             } else {
                 mAutomaticOnOffState = STATE_ALWAYS_ON;
-                // A null fd is acceptable in KeepaliveInfo for backward compatibility of
-                // PacketKeepalive API, but it must never happen with automatic keepalives.
-                // TODO : remove mFd from KeepaliveInfo or from this class.
-                mFd = ki.mFd;
                 mAlarmListener = null;
             }
+
+            // A null fd is acceptable in KeepaliveInfo for backward compatibility of
+            // PacketKeepalive API, but it must never happen with automatic keepalives.
+            // TODO : remove mFd from KeepaliveInfo.
+            mFd = dupFd(ki.mFd);
+        }
+
+        private FileDescriptor dupFd(FileDescriptor fd) throws InvalidSocketException {
+            try {
+                if (fd == null) return null;
+                return Os.dup(fd);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot dup fd: ", e);
+                throw new InvalidSocketException(ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET, e);
+            }
         }
 
         @VisibleForTesting
@@ -501,11 +505,7 @@
         final AutomaticOnOffKeepalive autoKi;
         try {
             autoKi = target.withKeepaliveInfo(res.second);
-            // Only automatic keepalives duplicate the fd.
-            if (target.mAutomaticOnOffState != STATE_ALWAYS_ON) {
-                // Close the duplicated fd.
-                target.close();
-            }
+            target.close();
         } catch (InvalidSocketException e) {
             Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to create AutomaticOnOffKeepalive", e);
             return;
@@ -699,8 +699,8 @@
         // Clear calling identity to align the calling uid and package so that it won't fail if cts
         // would like to call dump()
         final boolean featureEnabled = BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(
-                () -> mDependencies.isFeatureEnabled(AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_VERSION,
-                        true /* defaultEnabled */));
+                () -> mDependencies.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                        AUTOMATIC_ON_OFF_KEEPALIVE_DISABLE_FLAG));
         pw.println("AutomaticOnOff enabled: " + featureEnabled);
         pw.increaseIndent();
         for (AutomaticOnOffKeepalive autoKi : mAutomaticOnOffKeepalives) {
@@ -968,16 +968,13 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Find out if a feature is enabled from DeviceConfig.
+         * Find out if a feature is not disabled from DeviceConfig.
          *
          * @param name The name of the property to look up.
-         * @param defaultEnabled whether to consider the feature enabled in the absence of
-         *                       the flag. This MUST be a statically-known constant.
          * @return whether the feature is enabled
          */
-        public boolean isFeatureEnabled(@NonNull final String name, final boolean defaultEnabled) {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureEnabled(mContext, NAMESPACE_TETHERING, name,
-                    DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME, defaultEnabled);
+        public boolean isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(@NonNull final String name) {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(name);
         }
 
         /**
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
index 2ce186f..feba821 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS;
 import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS_PAUSED;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.FeatureVersions.FEATURE_CLAT_ADDRESS_TRANSLATE;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils;
 
@@ -86,6 +89,9 @@
 
     public static final String PERMISSION = android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD;
 
+    private static final String CONFIG_DISABLE_CLAT_ADDRESS_TRANSLATE =
+            "disable_clat_address_translate";
+
     /** Keeps track of keepalive requests. */
     private final HashMap <NetworkAgentInfo, HashMap<Integer, KeepaliveInfo>> mKeepalives =
             new HashMap<> ();
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    KeepaliveTracker(Context context, Handler handler, TcpKeepaliveController tcpController,
+    public KeepaliveTracker(Context context, Handler handler, TcpKeepaliveController tcpController,
             Dependencies deps) {
         mTcpController = tcpController;
         mContext = context;
@@ -553,6 +559,8 @@
 
     private KeepaliveInfo handleUpdateKeepaliveForClat(KeepaliveInfo ki)
             throws InvalidSocketException, InvalidPacketException {
+        if (!mDependencies.isAddressTranslationEnabled(mContext)) return ki;
+
         // Translation applies to only NAT-T keepalive
         if (ki.mType != KeepaliveInfo.TYPE_NATT) return ki;
         // Only try to translate address if the packet source address is the clat's source address.
@@ -973,5 +981,20 @@
         public ConnectivityResources createConnectivityResources(@NonNull Context context) {
             return new ConnectivityResources(context);
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Return if keepalive address translation with clat feature is supported or not.
+         *
+         * This is controlled by both isFeatureSupported() and isFeatureEnabled(). The
+         * isFeatureSupported() checks whether device contains the minimal required module
+         * version for FEATURE_CLAT_ADDRESS_TRANSLATE. The isTetheringFeatureForceDisabled()
+         * checks the DeviceConfig flag that can be updated via DeviceConfig push to control
+         * the overall feature.
+         */
+        public boolean isAddressTranslationEnabled(@NonNull Context context) {
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.isFeatureSupported(context, FEATURE_CLAT_ADDRESS_TRANSLATE)
+                    && DeviceConfigUtils.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
+                            CONFIG_DISABLE_CLAT_ADDRESS_TRANSLATE);
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
index a367d9d..e1e2585 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
@@ -24,9 +24,12 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_MIN_MTU;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_MTU;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IP_MTU;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
 import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -213,14 +217,10 @@
             mLinkProperties.addDnsServer(TEST_DNS6);
         }
 
-        final int lpMtu = mLinkProperties.getMtu();
-        final int mtu = lpMtu > 0 ? lpMtu : ETHER_MTU;
         for (RouteInfo route : mLinkProperties.getRoutes()) {
             if (route.getType() == RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST && route.hasGateway()) {
-                InetAddress gateway = route.getGateway();
-                // Use mtu in the route if exists. Otherwise, use the one in the link property.
-                final int routeMtu = route.getMtu();
-                prepareIcmpMeasurements(gateway, (routeMtu > 0) ? routeMtu : mtu);
+                final InetAddress gateway = route.getGateway();
+                prepareIcmpMeasurements(gateway);
                 if (route.isIPv6Default()) {
                     prepareExplicitSourceIcmpMeasurements(gateway);
                 }
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
         }
 
         for (InetAddress nameserver : mLinkProperties.getDnsServers()) {
-            prepareIcmpMeasurements(nameserver, mtu);
+            prepareIcmpMeasurements(nameserver);
             prepareDnsMeasurement(nameserver);
 
             // Unlike the DnsResolver which doesn't do certificate validation in opportunistic mode,
@@ -285,24 +285,29 @@
             // calculation.
             if (addr instanceof Inet6Address) {
                 return IPV6_HEADER_LEN + ICMP_HEADER_LEN;
+            } else {
+                return IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN + ICMP_HEADER_LEN;
             }
         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "Create InetAddress fail(" + target + "): " + e);
+            throw new AssertionError("Create InetAddress fail(" + target + ")", e);
         }
-
-        return IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN + ICMP_HEADER_LEN;
     }
 
-    private void prepareIcmpMeasurements(@NonNull InetAddress target, int targetNetworkMtu) {
+    private void prepareIcmpMeasurements(@NonNull InetAddress target) {
+        int mtu = getMtuForTarget(target);
+        // If getMtuForTarget fails, it doesn't matter what mtu is used because connect can't
+        // succeed anyway
+        if (mtu <= 0) mtu = mLinkProperties.getMtu();
+        if (mtu <= 0) mtu = ETHER_MTU;
         // Test with different size payload ICMP.
         // 1. Test with 0 payload.
         addPayloadIcmpMeasurement(target, 0);
         final int header = getHeaderLen(target);
         // 2. Test with full size MTU.
-        addPayloadIcmpMeasurement(target, targetNetworkMtu - header);
+        addPayloadIcmpMeasurement(target, mtu - header);
         // 3. If v6, make another measurement with the full v6 min MTU, unless that's what
         //    was done above.
-        if ((target instanceof Inet6Address) && (targetNetworkMtu != IPV6_MIN_MTU)) {
+        if ((target instanceof Inet6Address) && (mtu != IPV6_MIN_MTU)) {
             addPayloadIcmpMeasurement(target, IPV6_MIN_MTU - header);
         }
     }
@@ -321,6 +326,35 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Open a socket to the target address and return the mtu from that socket
+     *
+     * If the MTU can't be obtained for some reason (e.g. the target is unreachable) this will
+     * return -1.
+     *
+     * @param target the destination address
+     * @return the mtu to that destination, or -1
+     */
+    // getsockoptInt is S+, but this service code and only installs on S, so it's safe to ignore
+    // the lint warnings by using @TargetApi.
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    private int getMtuForTarget(InetAddress target) {
+        final int family = target instanceof Inet4Address ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
+        try {
+            final FileDescriptor socket = Os.socket(family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(socket);
+            Os.connect(socket, target, 0);
+            if (family == AF_INET) {
+                return Os.getsockoptInt(socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MTU);
+            } else {
+                return Os.getsockoptInt(socket, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MTU);
+            }
+        } catch (ErrnoException | IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Can't get MTU for destination " + target, e);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
     private void prepareExplicitSourceIcmpMeasurements(InetAddress target) {
         for (LinkAddress l : mLinkProperties.getLinkAddresses()) {
             InetAddress source = l.getAddress();
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index c15f042..beaa174 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -1011,9 +1011,8 @@
      * @param ranges The updated UID ranges under VPN Lockdown. This function does not treat the VPN
      *               app's UID in any special way. The caller is responsible for excluding the VPN
      *               app UID from the passed-in ranges.
-     *               Ranges can have duplications and/or contain the range that is already subject
-     *               to lockdown. However, ranges can not have overlaps with other ranges including
-     *               ranges that are currently subject to lockdown.
+     *               Ranges can have duplications, overlaps, and/or contain the range that is
+     *               already subject to lockdown.
      */
     public synchronized void updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(boolean add, UidRange[] ranges) {
         final Set<UidRange> affectedUidRanges = new HashSet<>();
@@ -1045,8 +1044,10 @@
         // exclude privileged apps from the prohibit routing rules used to implement outgoing packet
         // filtering, privileged apps can still bypass outgoing packet filtering because the
         // prohibit rules observe the protected from VPN bit.
+        // If removing a UID, we ensure it is not present anywhere in the set first.
         for (final int uid: affectedUids) {
-            if (!hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(uid)) {
+            if (!hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(uid)
+                    && (add || !UidRange.containsUid(mVpnLockdownUidRanges.getSet(), uid))) {
                 updateLockdownUidRule(uid, add);
             }
         }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index 6b21dac..1c99722 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isBatterySaverSupported;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isDozeModeSupported;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.restrictBackgroundValueToString;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackgroundInternal;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -52,9 +53,9 @@
 import android.os.BatteryManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.RemoteCallback;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
-import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 import android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -180,6 +181,12 @@
         mServiceClient.bind();
         mPowerManager = mContext.getSystemService(PowerManager.class);
         executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy start-watching " + mUid);
+        // Some of the test cases assume that Data saver mode is initially disabled, which might not
+        // always be the case. Therefore, explicitly disable it before running the tests.
+        // Invoke setRestrictBackgroundInternal() directly instead of going through
+        // setRestrictBackground(), as some devices do not fully support the Data saver mode but
+        // still have certain parts of it enabled by default.
+        setRestrictBackgroundInternal(false);
         setAppIdle(false);
         mLock = mPowerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
index deca6a2..8c38b44 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
         setRestrictBackgroundInternal(enabled);
     }
 
-    private static void setRestrictBackgroundInternal(boolean enabled) {
+    static void setRestrictBackgroundInternal(boolean enabled) {
         executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy set restrict-background " + enabled);
         final String output = executeShellCommand("cmd netpolicy get restrict-background");
         final String expectedSuffix = enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled";
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
index 2469710..da4fe28 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     ],
     // To be compatible with R devices, the min_sdk_version must be 30.
     min_sdk_version: "30",
+    host_required: ["net-tests-utils-host-common"],
 }
 
 cc_test {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml
index 6d03c23..d49696b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
         <option name="push" value="CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases->/data/local/tmp/CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases" />
         <option name="append-bitness" value="true" />
     </target_preparer>
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer">
+    </target_preparer>
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
         <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
         <option name="module-name" value="CtsNativeNetDnsTestCases" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index e978664..bce08df 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -2744,7 +2744,6 @@
      */
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot create test networks")
     @Test
-    @SkipMainlinePresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     public void testSetOemNetworkPreferenceForTestOnlyPref() throws Exception {
         // Cannot use @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) because this test also requires API 31
         // shims, and @IgnoreUpTo does not check that.
@@ -2757,17 +2756,19 @@
         final TestableNetworkCallback systemDefaultCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
 
         final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        final Network testNetwork = tnt.getNetwork();
 
         testAndCleanup(() -> {
             setOemNetworkPreferenceForMyPackage(
                     OemNetworkPreferences.OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_TEST_ONLY);
             registerTestOemNetworkPreferenceCallbacks(defaultCallback, systemDefaultCallback);
-            waitForAvailable(defaultCallback, tnt.getNetwork());
+            waitForAvailable(defaultCallback, testNetwork);
             systemDefaultCallback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE,
                     NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, cb -> wifiNetwork.equals(cb.getNetwork()));
         }, /* cleanup */ () -> {
                 runWithShellPermissionIdentity(tnt::teardown);
-                defaultCallback.expect(CallbackEntry.LOST, tnt, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+                defaultCallback.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.LOST, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                        cb -> testNetwork.equals(cb.getNetwork()));
 
                 // This network preference should only ever use the test network therefore available
                 // should not trigger when the test network goes down (e.g. switch to cellular).
@@ -3205,7 +3206,6 @@
 
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     @Test
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     public void testMobileDataPreferredUids() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
         final boolean canRunTest = mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index 732a42b..76a955b 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -275,16 +275,17 @@
             return events.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) ?: fail("Did not receive callback after ${TIMEOUT_MS}ms")
         }
 
-        fun eventuallyExpect(expected: CallbackEntry) = events.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) { it == expected }
+        fun eventuallyExpect(expected: CallbackEntry) {
+            val cb = events.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) { it == expected }
+            assertNotNull(cb, "Never received expected $expected. Received: ${events.backtrace()}")
+        }
 
         fun eventuallyExpect(iface: EthernetTestInterface, state: Int, role: Int) {
-            val event = createChangeEvent(iface.name, state, role)
-            assertNotNull(eventuallyExpect(event), "Never received expected $event")
+            eventuallyExpect(createChangeEvent(iface.name, state, role))
         }
 
         fun eventuallyExpect(state: Int) {
-            val event = EthernetStateChanged(state)
-            assertNotNull(eventuallyExpect(event), "Never received expected $event")
+            eventuallyExpect(EthernetStateChanged(state))
         }
 
         fun assertNoCallback() {
@@ -652,9 +653,8 @@
 
         val listener = EthernetStateListener()
         addInterfaceStateListener(listener)
-        // Note: using eventuallyExpect as there may be other interfaces present.
-        listener.eventuallyExpect(InterfaceStateChanged(iface.name,
-                STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_SERVER, /* IpConfiguration */ null))
+        // TODO(b/295146844): do not report IpConfiguration for server mode interfaces.
+        listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_SERVER)
 
         releaseTetheredInterface()
         listener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
index 81834a9..805dd65 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
@@ -71,8 +71,6 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
 
 import org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
@@ -642,7 +640,6 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SkipMainlinePresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     public void testStartStopVpnProfileV4() throws Exception {
         doTestStartStopVpnProfile(false /* testIpv6Only */, false /* requiresValidation */,
                 false /* testSessionKey */, false /* testIkeTunConnParams */);
@@ -656,14 +653,12 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @SkipMainlinePresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     public void testStartStopVpnProfileV6() throws Exception {
         doTestStartStopVpnProfile(true /* testIpv6Only */, false /* requiresValidation */,
                 false /* testSessionKey */, false /* testIkeTunConnParams */);
     }
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     public void testStartStopVpnProfileV6WithValidation() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis());
         doTestStartStopVpnProfile(true /* testIpv6Only */, true /* requiresValidation */,
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index 49620b0..7be4f78 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 package android.net.cts
 
 import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
 import android.app.compat.CompatChanges
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.LocalSocket
 import android.net.LocalSocketAddress
+import android.net.MacAddress
 import android.net.Network
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
@@ -70,6 +74,8 @@
 import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6
 import android.system.OsConstants.EADDRNOTAVAIL
 import android.system.OsConstants.ENETUNREACH
+import android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6
+import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
 import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
 import android.util.Log
@@ -79,13 +85,21 @@
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastU
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_HEADER_LEN
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder
 import com.android.net.module.util.TrackRecord
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.IPv6UdpFilter
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
+import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
@@ -100,6 +114,7 @@
 import java.net.InetAddress
 import java.net.NetworkInterface
 import java.net.ServerSocket
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
 import java.util.Random
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor
@@ -130,6 +145,8 @@
 private const val REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
 private const val DBG = false
 private const val TEST_PORT = 12345
+private const val MDNS_PORT = 5353.toShort()
+private val multicastIpv6Addr = parseNumericAddress("ff02::fb") as Inet6Address
 
 @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
@@ -191,8 +208,8 @@
 
         inline fun <reified V : NsdEvent> expectCallback(timeoutMs: Long = TIMEOUT_MS): V {
             val nextEvent = nextEvents.poll(timeoutMs)
-            assertNotNull(nextEvent, "No callback received after $timeoutMs ms, expected " +
-                    "${V::class.java.simpleName}")
+            assertNotNull(nextEvent, "No callback received after $timeoutMs ms, " +
+                    "expected ${V::class.java.simpleName}")
             assertTrue(nextEvent is V, "Expected ${V::class.java.simpleName} but got " +
                     nextEvent.javaClass.simpleName)
             return nextEvent
@@ -353,6 +370,22 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private class TestNsdOffloadEngine : OffloadEngine,
+        NsdRecord<TestNsdOffloadEngine.OffloadEvent>() {
+        sealed class OffloadEvent : NsdEvent {
+            data class AddOrUpdateEvent(val info: OffloadServiceInfo) : OffloadEvent()
+            data class RemoveEvent(val info: OffloadServiceInfo) : OffloadEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onOffloadServiceUpdated(info: OffloadServiceInfo) {
+            add(OffloadEvent.AddOrUpdateEvent(info))
+        }
+
+        override fun onOffloadServiceRemoved(info: OffloadServiceInfo) {
+            add(OffloadEvent.RemoveEvent(info))
+        }
+    }
+
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         handlerThread.start()
@@ -392,7 +425,6 @@
         val lp = LinkProperties().apply {
             interfaceName = ifaceName
         }
-
         val agent = TestableNetworkAgent(context, handlerThread.looper,
                 NetworkCapabilities().apply {
                     removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
@@ -858,6 +890,56 @@
         }
     }
 
+    fun checkOffloadServiceInfo(serviceInfo: OffloadServiceInfo) {
+        assertEquals(serviceName, serviceInfo.key.serviceName)
+        assertEquals(serviceType, serviceInfo.key.serviceType)
+        assertEquals(listOf<String>("_subtype"), serviceInfo.subtypes)
+        assertTrue(serviceInfo.hostname.startsWith("Android_"))
+        assertTrue(serviceInfo.hostname.endsWith("local"))
+        assertEquals(0, serviceInfo.priority)
+        assertEquals(OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong(), serviceInfo.offloadType)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNsdManager_registerOffloadEngine() {
+        val targetSdkVersion = context.packageManager
+            .getTargetSdkVersion(context.applicationInfo.packageName)
+        // The offload callbacks are only supported with the new backend,
+        // enabled with target SDK U+.
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastU() || targetSdkVersion > Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+        val offloadEngine = TestNsdOffloadEngine()
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            nsdManager.registerOffloadEngine(testNetwork1.iface.interfaceName,
+                OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong(),
+                OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_CAPABILITY_BYPASS_MULTICAST_LOCK.toLong(),
+                { it.run() }, offloadEngine)
+        }
+
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = "$serviceType,_subtype"
+        si.serviceName = serviceName
+        si.network = testNetwork1.network
+        si.port = 12345
+        val record = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, record)
+        val addOrUpdateEvent = offloadEngine
+            .expectCallbackEventually<TestNsdOffloadEngine.OffloadEvent.AddOrUpdateEvent> {
+                it.info.key.serviceName == serviceName
+            }
+        checkOffloadServiceInfo(addOrUpdateEvent.info)
+
+        nsdManager.unregisterService(record)
+        val unregisterEvent = offloadEngine
+            .expectCallbackEventually<TestNsdOffloadEngine.OffloadEvent.RemoveEvent> {
+                it.info.key.serviceName == serviceName
+            }
+        checkOffloadServiceInfo(unregisterEvent.info)
+
+        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
+            nsdManager.unregisterOffloadEngine(offloadEngine)
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun checkConnectSocketToMdnsd(shouldFail: Boolean) {
         val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
         val localSocket = LocalSocket()
@@ -1075,6 +1157,176 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterWithConflictDuringProbing() {
+        // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (NsdServiceInfo.network)
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
+
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = serviceType
+        si.serviceName = serviceName
+        si.network = testNetwork1.network
+        si.port = 12345 // Test won't try to connect so port does not matter
+
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, { it.run() },
+                registrationRecord)
+
+        tryTest {
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForProbe(serviceName, serviceType),
+                    "Did not find a probe for the service")
+            packetReader.sendResponse(buildConflictingAnnouncement())
+
+            // Registration must use an updated name to avoid the conflict
+            val cb = registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceRegistered>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+            cb.serviceInfo.serviceName.let {
+                assertTrue("Unexpected registered name: $it",
+                        it.startsWith(serviceName) && it != serviceName)
+            }
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testRegisterWithConflictAfterProbing() {
+        // This test requires shims supporting T+ APIs (NsdServiceInfo.network)
+        assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestTApis())
+
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = serviceType
+        si.serviceName = serviceName
+        si.network = testNetwork1.network
+        si.port = 12345 // Test won't try to connect so port does not matter
+
+        // Register service on testNetwork1
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        val registeredService = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+        val packetReader = TapPacketReader(Handler(handlerThread.looper),
+                testNetwork1.iface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, 1500 /* maxPacketSize */)
+        packetReader.startAsyncForTest()
+        handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        tryTest {
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForAdvertisement(serviceName, serviceType),
+                    "No announcements sent after initial probing")
+
+            assertEquals(si.serviceName, registeredService.serviceName)
+
+            nsdManager.discoverServices(serviceType, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
+                testNetwork1.network, { it.run() }, discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(si.serviceName, serviceType)
+
+            // Send a conflicting announcement
+            val conflictingAnnouncement = buildConflictingAnnouncement()
+            packetReader.sendResponse(conflictingAnnouncement)
+
+            // Expect to see probes (RFC6762 9., service is reset to probing state)
+            assertNotNull(packetReader.pollForProbe(serviceName, serviceType),
+                    "Probe not received within timeout after conflict")
+
+            // Send the conflicting packet again to reply to the probe
+            packetReader.sendResponse(conflictingAnnouncement)
+
+            // Note the legacy mdnsresponder would send an exit announcement here (a 0-lifetime
+            // advertisement just for the PTR record), but not the new advertiser. This probably
+            // follows RFC 6762 8.4, saying that when a record rdata changed, "In the case of shared
+            // records, a host MUST send a "goodbye" announcement with RR TTL zero [...] for the old
+            // rdata, to cause it to be deleted from peer caches, before announcing the new rdata".
+            //
+            // This should be implemented by the new advertiser, but in the case of conflicts it is
+            // not very valuable since an identical PTR record would be used by the conflicting
+            // service (except for subtypes). In that case the exit announcement may be
+            // counter-productive as it conflicts with announcements done by the conflicting
+            // service.
+
+            // Note that before sending the following ServiceRegistered callback for the renamed
+            // service, the legacy mdnsresponder-based implementation would first send a
+            // Service*Registered* callback for the original service name being *unregistered*; it
+            // should have been a ServiceUnregistered callback instead (bug in NsdService
+            // interpretation of the callback).
+            val newRegistration = registrationRecord.expectCallbackEventually<ServiceRegistered>(
+                    REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+                it.serviceInfo.serviceName.startsWith(serviceName) &&
+                        it.serviceInfo.serviceName != serviceName
+            }
+
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<ServiceFound> {
+                it.serviceInfo.serviceName == newRegistration.serviceInfo.serviceName
+            }
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+            discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStopped>()
+        } cleanupStep {
+            nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+            registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+        } cleanup {
+            packetReader.handler.post { packetReader.stop() }
+            handlerThread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun buildConflictingAnnouncement(): ByteBuffer {
+        /*
+        Generated with:
+        scapy.raw(scapy.DNS(rd=0, qr=1, aa=1, qd = None, an =
+                scapy.DNSRRSRV(rrname='NsdTest123456789._nmt123456789._tcp.local',
+                    rclass=0x8001, port=31234, target='conflict.local', ttl=120)
+        )).hex()
+         */
+        val mdnsPayload = HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("000084000000000100000000104e736454657" +
+                "3743132333435363738390d5f6e6d74313233343536373839045f746370056c6f63616c00002" +
+                "18001000000780016000000007a0208636f6e666c696374056c6f63616c00")
+        val packetBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(mdnsPayload)
+        // Replace service name and types in the packet with the random ones used in the test.
+        // Test service name and types have consistent length and are always ASCII
+        val testPacketName = "NsdTest123456789".encodeToByteArray()
+        val testPacketTypePrefix = "_nmt123456789".encodeToByteArray()
+        val encodedServiceName = serviceName.encodeToByteArray()
+        val encodedTypePrefix = serviceType.split('.')[0].encodeToByteArray()
+        assertEquals(testPacketName.size, encodedServiceName.size)
+        assertEquals(testPacketTypePrefix.size, encodedTypePrefix.size)
+        packetBuffer.position(mdnsPayload.indexOf(testPacketName))
+        packetBuffer.put(encodedServiceName)
+        packetBuffer.position(mdnsPayload.indexOf(testPacketTypePrefix))
+        packetBuffer.put(encodedTypePrefix)
+
+        return buildMdnsPacket(mdnsPayload)
+    }
+
+    private fun buildMdnsPacket(mdnsPayload: ByteArray): ByteBuffer {
+        val packetBuffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(true /* hasEther */, IPPROTO_IPV6,
+                IPPROTO_UDP, mdnsPayload.size)
+        val packetBuilder = PacketBuilder(packetBuffer)
+        // Multicast ethernet address for IPv6 to ff02::fb
+        val multicastEthAddr = MacAddress.fromBytes(
+                byteArrayOf(0x33, 0x33, 0, 0, 0, 0xfb.toByte()))
+        packetBuilder.writeL2Header(
+                MacAddress.fromBytes(byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)) /* srcMac */,
+                multicastEthAddr,
+                ETH_P_IPV6.toShort())
+        packetBuilder.writeIpv6Header(
+                0x60000000, // version=6, traffic class=0x0, flowlabel=0x0
+                IPPROTO_UDP.toByte(),
+                64 /* hop limit */,
+                parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::123") as Inet6Address /* srcIp */,
+                multicastIpv6Addr /* dstIp */)
+        packetBuilder.writeUdpHeader(MDNS_PORT /* srcPort */, MDNS_PORT /* dstPort */)
+        packetBuffer.put(mdnsPayload)
+        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket()
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register a service and return its registration record.
      */
@@ -1100,7 +1352,65 @@
     }
 }
 
+private fun TapPacketReader.pollForMdnsPacket(
+    timeoutMs: Long = REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    predicate: (TestDnsPacket) -> Boolean
+): ByteArray? {
+    val mdnsProbeFilter = IPv6UdpFilter(srcPort = MDNS_PORT, dstPort = MDNS_PORT).and {
+        val mdnsPayload = it.copyOfRange(
+                ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + UDP_HEADER_LEN, it.size)
+        try {
+            predicate(TestDnsPacket(mdnsPayload))
+        } catch (e: DnsPacket.ParseException) {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+    return poll(timeoutMs, mdnsProbeFilter)
+}
+
+private fun TapPacketReader.pollForProbe(
+    serviceName: String,
+    serviceType: String,
+    timeoutMs: Long = REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
+): ByteArray? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isProbeFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local") }
+
+private fun TapPacketReader.pollForAdvertisement(
+    serviceName: String,
+    serviceType: String,
+    timeoutMs: Long = REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS
+): ByteArray? = pollForMdnsPacket(timeoutMs) { it.isReplyFor("$serviceName.$serviceType.local") }
+
+private class TestDnsPacket(data: ByteArray) : DnsPacket(data) {
+    fun isProbeFor(name: String): Boolean = mRecords[QDSECTION].any {
+        it.dName == name && it.nsType == 0xff /* ANY */
+    }
+
+    fun isReplyFor(name: String): Boolean = mRecords[ANSECTION].any {
+        it.dName == name && it.nsType == 0x21 /* SRV */
+    }
+}
+
 private fun ByteArray?.utf8ToString(): String {
     if (this == null) return ""
     return String(this, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
 }
+
+private fun ByteArray.indexOf(sub: ByteArray): Int {
+    var subIndex = 0
+    forEachIndexed { i, b ->
+        when (b) {
+            // Still matching: continue comparing with next byte
+            sub[subIndex] -> {
+                subIndex++
+                if (subIndex == sub.size) {
+                    return i - sub.size + 1
+                }
+            }
+            // Not matching next byte but matches first byte: continue comparing with 2nd byte
+            sub[0] -> subIndex = 1
+            // No matches: continue comparing from first byte
+            else -> subIndex = 0
+        }
+    }
+    return -1
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestNetworkRunnable.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestNetworkRunnable.java
index 0eb5644..1b22f42 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestNetworkRunnable.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestNetworkRunnable.java
@@ -95,14 +95,17 @@
                 testIface.getFileDescriptor().close();
             }
 
-            if (tunNetworkCallback != null) {
-                sCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(tunNetworkCallback);
-            }
 
             final Network testNetwork = tunNetworkCallback.currentNetwork;
             if (testNetwork != null) {
                 tnm.teardownTestNetwork(testNetwork);
             }
+            // Ensure test network being torn down.
+            tunNetworkCallback.waitForLost();
+
+            if (tunNetworkCallback != null) {
+                sCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(tunNetworkCallback);
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
index c294e7b..442d69f 100644
--- a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastR;
 using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastS;
 using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastU;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV;
 
 #define PLATFORM "/sys/fs/bpf/"
 #define TETHERING "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/"
@@ -147,10 +149,14 @@
     // so we should only test for the removal of stuff that was mainline'd,
     // and for the presence of mainline stuff.
 
+    // Note: Q is no longer supported by mainline
+    ASSERT_TRUE(IsAtLeastR());
+
     // R can potentially run on pre-4.9 kernel non-eBPF capable devices.
     DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastR() && !IsAtLeastS() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0), PLATFORM_ONLY_IN_R);
 
     // S requires Linux Kernel 4.9+ and thus requires eBPF support.
+    if (IsAtLeastS()) ASSERT_TRUE(isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 9, 0));
     DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastS(), MAINLINE_FOR_S_PLUS);
     DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastS() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_S_5_10_PLUS);
 
@@ -163,6 +169,10 @@
     DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastT() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 15, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_T_5_15_PLUS);
 
     // U requires Linux Kernel 4.14+, but nothing (as yet) added or removed in U.
+    if (IsAtLeastU()) ASSERT_TRUE(isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0));
+
+    // V requires Linux Kernel 4.19+, but nothing (as yet) added or removed in V.
+    if (IsAtLeastV()) ASSERT_TRUE(isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0));
 
     for (const auto& file : mustExist) {
         EXPECT_EQ(0, access(file.c_str(), R_OK)) << file << " does not exist";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
index 961c422..97aa575 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/metrics/NetworkNsdReportedMetricsTest.kt
@@ -94,4 +94,131 @@
             assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReportServiceDiscoveryStarted() {
+        val clientId = 99
+        val transactionId = 100
+        val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(true /* isLegacy */, clientId, deps)
+        metrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(transactionId)
+
+        val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
+        verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
+        eventCaptor.value.let {
+            assertTrue(it.isLegacy)
+            assertEquals(clientId, it.clientId)
+            assertEquals(transactionId, it.transactionId)
+            assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_DISCOVER, it.type)
+            assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_DISCOVERY_STARTED, it.queryResult)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReportServiceDiscoveryFailed() {
+        val clientId = 99
+        val transactionId = 100
+        val durationMs = 10L
+        val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(false /* isLegacy */, clientId, deps)
+        metrics.reportServiceDiscoveryFailed(transactionId, durationMs)
+
+        val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
+        verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
+        eventCaptor.value.let {
+            assertFalse(it.isLegacy)
+            assertEquals(clientId, it.clientId)
+            assertEquals(transactionId, it.transactionId)
+            assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_DISCOVER, it.type)
+            assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED, it.queryResult)
+            assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReportServiceDiscoveryStop() {
+        val clientId = 99
+        val transactionId = 100
+        val durationMs = 10L
+        val foundCallbackCount = 100
+        val lostCallbackCount = 49
+        val servicesCount = 75
+        val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(true /* isLegacy */, clientId, deps)
+        metrics.reportServiceDiscoveryStop(
+                transactionId, durationMs, foundCallbackCount, lostCallbackCount, servicesCount)
+
+        val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
+        verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
+        eventCaptor.value.let {
+            assertTrue(it.isLegacy)
+            assertEquals(clientId, it.clientId)
+            assertEquals(transactionId, it.transactionId)
+            assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_DISCOVER, it.type)
+            assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_DISCOVERY_STOP, it.queryResult)
+            assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+            assertEquals(foundCallbackCount, it.foundCallbackCount)
+            assertEquals(lostCallbackCount, it.lostCallbackCount)
+            assertEquals(servicesCount, it.foundServiceCount)
+            assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReportServiceResolved() {
+        val clientId = 99
+        val transactionId = 100
+        val durationMs = 10L
+        val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(true /* isLegacy */, clientId, deps)
+        metrics.reportServiceResolved(transactionId, durationMs, true /* isServiceFromCache */)
+
+        val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
+        verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
+        eventCaptor.value.let {
+            assertTrue(it.isLegacy)
+            assertEquals(clientId, it.clientId)
+            assertEquals(transactionId, it.transactionId)
+            assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE, it.type)
+            assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLVED, it.queryResult)
+            assertTrue(it.isKnownService)
+            assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReportServiceResolutionFailed() {
+        val clientId = 99
+        val transactionId = 100
+        val durationMs = 10L
+        val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(false /* isLegacy */, clientId, deps)
+        metrics.reportServiceResolutionFailed(transactionId, durationMs)
+
+        val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
+        verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
+        eventCaptor.value.let {
+            assertFalse(it.isLegacy)
+            assertEquals(clientId, it.clientId)
+            assertEquals(transactionId, it.transactionId)
+            assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE, it.type)
+            assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED, it.queryResult)
+            assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testReportServiceResolutionStop() {
+        val clientId = 99
+        val transactionId = 100
+        val durationMs = 10L
+        val metrics = NetworkNsdReportedMetrics(true /* isLegacy */, clientId, deps)
+        metrics.reportServiceResolutionStop(transactionId, durationMs)
+
+        val eventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkNsdReported::class.java)
+        verify(deps).statsWrite(eventCaptor.capture())
+        eventCaptor.value.let {
+            assertTrue(it.isLegacy)
+            assertEquals(clientId, it.clientId)
+            assertEquals(transactionId, it.transactionId)
+            assertEquals(NsdEventType.NET_RESOLVE, it.type)
+            assertEquals(MdnsQueryResult.MQR_SERVICE_RESOLUTION_STOP, it.queryResult)
+            assertEquals(durationMs, it.eventDurationMillisec)
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 4c2cd59..708697c 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ClatCoordinator;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTestDependencies;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.Nat464Xlat;
@@ -410,6 +411,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.QosCallbackTracker;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.TcpKeepaliveController;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.UidRangeUtils;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore;
@@ -627,6 +629,7 @@
     @Mock ActivityManager mActivityManager;
     @Mock DestroySocketsWrapper mDestroySocketsWrapper;
     @Mock SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
+    @Mock KeepaliveTracker.Dependencies mMockKeepaliveTrackerDependencies;
 
     // BatteryStatsManager is final and cannot be mocked with regular mockito, so just mock the
     // underlying binder calls.
@@ -1898,6 +1901,12 @@
         doReturn(mResources).when(mockResContext).getResources();
         ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mockResContext);
         mDeps = new ConnectivityServiceDependencies(mockResContext);
+        doReturn(true).when(mMockKeepaliveTrackerDependencies)
+                .isAddressTranslationEnabled(mServiceContext);
+        doReturn(new ConnectivityResources(mockResContext)).when(mMockKeepaliveTrackerDependencies)
+                .createConnectivityResources(mServiceContext);
+        doReturn(new int[] {1, 3, 0, 0}).when(mMockKeepaliveTrackerDependencies)
+                .getSupportedKeepalives(mServiceContext);
         mAutoOnOffKeepaliveDependencies =
                 new AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerDependencies(mServiceContext);
         mService = new ConnectivityService(mServiceContext,
@@ -2292,11 +2301,17 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public boolean isFeatureEnabled(@NonNull final String name, final boolean defaultEnabled) {
+        public boolean isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(@NonNull final String name) {
             // Tests for enabling the feature are verified in AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.
             // Assuming enabled here to focus on ConnectivityService tests.
             return true;
         }
+        public KeepaliveTracker newKeepaliveTracker(@NonNull Context context,
+                @NonNull Handler connectivityserviceHander) {
+            return new KeepaliveTracker(context, connectivityserviceHander,
+                    new TcpKeepaliveController(connectivityserviceHander),
+                    mMockKeepaliveTrackerDependencies);
+        }
     }
 
     private static void initAlarmManager(final AlarmManager am, final Handler alarmHandler) {
@@ -9038,6 +9053,18 @@
         mCm.registerNetworkCallback(vpnNetworkRequest, vpnNetworkCallback);
         vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
+        // Lingering timer is short and cell might be disconnected if the device is particularly
+        // slow running the test, unless it's requested. Make sure the networks the test needs
+        // are all requested.
+        final NetworkCallback cellCallback = new NetworkCallback() {};
+        final NetworkCallback wifiCallback = new NetworkCallback() {};
+        mCm.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build(),
+                cellCallback);
+        mCm.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
+                wifiCallback);
+
         mMockVpn.establishForMyUid(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
                 false /* privateDnsProbeSent */);
         assertUidRangesUpdatedForMyUid(true);
@@ -9194,6 +9221,8 @@
         assertDefaultNetworkCapabilities(userId /* no networks */);
 
         mMockVpn.disconnect();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCallback);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -18518,12 +18547,7 @@
 
         waitForIdle();
 
-        final Set<Integer> exemptUids = new ArraySet();
-        final UidRange frozenUidRange = new UidRange(TEST_FROZEN_UID, TEST_FROZEN_UID);
-        final Set<UidRange> ranges = Collections.singleton(frozenUidRange);
-
-        verify(mDestroySocketsWrapper).destroyLiveTcpSockets(eq(UidRange.toIntRanges(ranges)),
-                eq(exemptUids));
+        verify(mDestroySocketsWrapper).destroyLiveTcpSocketsByOwnerUids(Set.of(TEST_FROZEN_UID));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
index 55384b3..dbd4e4e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 import static android.net.nsd.NsdManager.FAILURE_OPERATION_NOT_RUNNING;
 
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.DEFAULT_RUNNING_APP_ACTIVE_IMPORTANCE_CUTOFF;
+import static com.android.server.NsdService.MdnsListener;
+import static com.android.server.NsdService.NO_TRANSACTION;
 import static com.android.server.NsdService.parseTypeAndSubtype;
 import static com.android.testutils.ContextUtils.mockService;
 
@@ -45,7 +47,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
@@ -235,8 +236,8 @@
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         if (mThread != null) {
-            mThread.quit();
-            mThread = null;
+            mThread.quitSafely();
+            mThread.join();
         }
     }
 
@@ -401,9 +402,11 @@
         // NsdManager uses a separate HandlerThread to dispatch callbacks (on ServiceHandler), so
         // this needs to use a timeout
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onDiscoveryStarted(SERVICE_TYPE);
+        final int discId = discIdCaptor.getValue();
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(discId);
 
         final DiscoveryInfo discoveryInfo = new DiscoveryInfo(
-                discIdCaptor.getValue(),
+                discId,
                 IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_FOUND,
                 SERVICE_NAME,
                 SERVICE_TYPE,
@@ -454,19 +457,24 @@
                 eq(interfaceIdx));
 
         final String serviceAddress = "192.0.2.123";
+        final int getAddrId = getAddrIdCaptor.getValue();
         final GetAddressInfo addressInfo = new GetAddressInfo(
-                getAddrIdCaptor.getValue(),
+                getAddrId,
                 IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS,
                 SERVICE_FULL_NAME,
                 serviceAddress,
                 interfaceIdx,
                 INetd.LOCAL_NET_ID);
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         eventListener.onGettingServiceAddressStatus(addressInfo);
         waitForIdle();
 
         final ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> resInfoCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onServiceResolved(resInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolved(
+                getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
+
         final NsdServiceInfo resolvedService = resInfoCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(SERVICE_NAME, resolvedService.getServiceName());
         assertEquals("." + SERVICE_TYPE, resolvedService.getServiceType());
@@ -491,9 +499,11 @@
         // NsdManager uses a separate HandlerThread to dispatch callbacks (on ServiceHandler), so
         // this needs to use a timeout
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onDiscoveryStarted(SERVICE_TYPE);
+        final int discId = discIdCaptor.getValue();
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(discId);
 
         final DiscoveryInfo discoveryInfo = new DiscoveryInfo(
-                discIdCaptor.getValue(),
+                discId,
                 IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_FOUND,
                 SERVICE_NAME,
                 SERVICE_TYPE,
@@ -570,19 +580,23 @@
         final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> discIdCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
         verify(mMockMDnsM).discover(discIdCaptor.capture(), eq(SERVICE_TYPE), eq(IFACE_IDX_ANY));
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onDiscoveryStarted(SERVICE_TYPE);
+        final int discId = discIdCaptor.getValue();
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(discId);
 
         // Fail to discover service.
         final DiscoveryInfo discoveryFailedInfo = new DiscoveryInfo(
-                discIdCaptor.getValue(),
+                discId,
                 IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED,
                 null /* serviceName */,
                 null /* registrationType */,
                 null /* domainName */,
                 IFACE_IDX_ANY,
                 0 /* netId */);
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         eventListener.onServiceDiscoveryStatus(discoveryFailedInfo);
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onStartDiscoveryFailed(SERVICE_TYPE, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceDiscoveryFailed(discId, 10L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -600,8 +614,9 @@
                 eq("local.") /* domain */, eq(IFACE_IDX_ANY));
 
         // Fail to resolve service.
+        final int resolvId = resolvIdCaptor.getValue();
         final ResolutionInfo resolutionFailedInfo = new ResolutionInfo(
-                resolvIdCaptor.getValue(),
+                resolvId,
                 IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED,
                 null /* serviceName */,
                 null /* serviceType */,
@@ -611,9 +626,11 @@
                 0 /* port */,
                 new byte[0] /* txtRecord */,
                 IFACE_IDX_ANY);
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         eventListener.onServiceResolutionStatus(resolutionFailedInfo);
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onResolveFailed(any(), eq(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR));
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionFailed(resolvId, 10L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -651,16 +668,19 @@
                 eq(IFACE_IDX_ANY));
 
         // Fail to get service address.
+        final int getAddrId = getAddrIdCaptor.getValue();
         final GetAddressInfo gettingAddrFailedInfo = new GetAddressInfo(
-                getAddrIdCaptor.getValue(),
+                getAddrId,
                 IMDnsEventListener.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED,
                 null /* hostname */,
                 null /* address */,
                 IFACE_IDX_ANY,
                 0 /* netId */);
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         eventListener.onGettingServiceAddressStatus(gettingAddrFailedInfo);
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onResolveFailed(any(), eq(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR));
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionFailed(getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -697,6 +717,7 @@
                 eq("local.") /* domain */, eq(IFACE_IDX_ANY));
 
         final int resolveId = resolvIdCaptor.getValue();
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         client.stopServiceResolution(resolveListener);
         waitForIdle();
 
@@ -704,6 +725,7 @@
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onResolutionStopped(argThat(ns ->
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(resolveId, 10L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -766,6 +788,7 @@
                 eq(IFACE_IDX_ANY));
 
         final int getAddrId = getAddrIdCaptor.getValue();
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         client.stopServiceResolution(resolveListener);
         waitForIdle();
 
@@ -773,6 +796,7 @@
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onResolutionStopped(argThat(ns ->
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(getAddrId, 10L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     private void verifyUpdatedServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo info, String serviceName,
@@ -819,7 +843,7 @@
                 network);
 
         // Verify onServiceFound callback
-        listener.onServiceFound(mdnsServiceInfo);
+        listener.onServiceFound(mdnsServiceInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
         final ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> updateInfoCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
         verify(serviceInfoCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1))
@@ -936,8 +960,8 @@
         final Network network = new Network(999);
         final String serviceTypeWithLocalDomain = SERVICE_TYPE + ".local";
         // Verify the discovery start / stop.
-        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsServiceBrowserListener> listenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsServiceBrowserListener.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsListener> listenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsListener.class);
         client.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, PROTOCOL, network, r -> r.run(), discListener);
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mSocketProvider).startMonitoringSockets();
@@ -945,7 +969,10 @@
                 listenerCaptor.capture(), argThat(options -> network.equals(options.getNetwork())));
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onDiscoveryStarted(SERVICE_TYPE);
 
-        final MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+        final MdnsListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+        final int discId = listener.mTransactionId;
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceDiscoveryStarted(discId);
+
         final MdnsServiceInfo foundInfo = new MdnsServiceInfo(
                 SERVICE_NAME, /* serviceInstanceName */
                 serviceTypeWithLocalDomain.split("\\."), /* serviceType */
@@ -960,7 +987,7 @@
                 network);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered callback
-        listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(foundInfo);
+        listener.onServiceNameDiscovered(foundInfo, false /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onServiceFound(argThat(info ->
                 info.getServiceName().equals(SERVICE_NAME)
                         // Service type in discovery callbacks has a dot at the end
@@ -987,11 +1014,14 @@
                         && info.getServiceType().equals(SERVICE_TYPE + ".")
                         && info.getNetwork().equals(network)));
 
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         client.stopServiceDiscovery(discListener);
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mDiscoveryManager).unregisterListener(eq(serviceTypeWithLocalDomain), any());
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onDiscoveryStopped(SERVICE_TYPE);
         verify(mSocketProvider, timeout(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS + TIMEOUT_MS)).requestStopWhenInactive();
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceDiscoveryStop(discId, 10L /* durationMs */,
+                1 /* foundCallbackCount */, 1 /* lostCallbackCount */, 1 /* servicesCount */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1007,6 +1037,8 @@
         waitForIdle();
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onStartDiscoveryFailed(invalidServiceType, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        verify(mMetrics, times(1))
+                .reportServiceDiscoveryFailed(NO_TRANSACTION, 0L /* durationMs */);
 
         final String serviceTypeWithLocalDomain = SERVICE_TYPE + ".local";
         client.discoverServices(
@@ -1014,6 +1046,8 @@
         waitForIdle();
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onStartDiscoveryFailed(serviceTypeWithLocalDomain, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        verify(mMetrics, times(2))
+                .reportServiceDiscoveryFailed(NO_TRANSACTION, 0L /* durationMs */);
 
         final String serviceTypeWithoutTcpOrUdpEnding = "_test._com";
         client.discoverServices(
@@ -1021,6 +1055,8 @@
         waitForIdle();
         verify(discListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onStartDiscoveryFailed(serviceTypeWithoutTcpOrUdpEnding, FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        verify(mMetrics, times(3))
+                .reportServiceDiscoveryFailed(NO_TRANSACTION, 0L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1060,8 +1096,8 @@
         final Network network = new Network(999);
         final String serviceType = "_nsd._service._tcp";
         final String constructedServiceType = "_service._tcp.local";
-        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsServiceBrowserListener> listenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsServiceBrowserListener.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsListener> listenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsListener.class);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, serviceType);
         request.setNetwork(network);
         client.resolveService(request, resolveListener);
@@ -1076,7 +1112,7 @@
         // Subtypes are not used for resolution, only for discovery
         assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), optionsCaptor.getValue().getSubtypes());
 
-        final MdnsServiceBrowserListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+        final MdnsListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
         final MdnsServiceInfo mdnsServiceInfo = new MdnsServiceInfo(
                 SERVICE_NAME,
                 constructedServiceType.split("\\."),
@@ -1092,10 +1128,14 @@
                 network);
 
         // Verify onServiceFound callback
-        listener.onServiceFound(mdnsServiceInfo);
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
+        listener.onServiceFound(mdnsServiceInfo, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
         final ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> infoCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onServiceResolved(infoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolved(
+                listener.mTransactionId, 10 /* durationMs */, true /* isServiceFromCache */);
+
         final NsdServiceInfo info = infoCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(SERVICE_NAME, info.getServiceName());
         assertEquals("._service._tcp", info.getServiceType());
@@ -1271,7 +1311,7 @@
 
         verify(regListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onRegistrationFailed(
                 argThat(info -> matches(info, regInfo)), eq(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR));
-        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceRegistrationFailed(anyInt(), anyLong());
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceRegistrationFailed(NO_TRANSACTION, 0L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1319,8 +1359,8 @@
         final Network network = new Network(999);
         final String serviceType = "_nsd._service._tcp";
         final String constructedServiceType = "_service._tcp.local";
-        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsServiceBrowserListener> listenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsServiceBrowserListener.class);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<MdnsListener> listenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MdnsListener.class);
         final NsdServiceInfo request = new NsdServiceInfo(SERVICE_NAME, serviceType);
         request.setNetwork(network);
         client.resolveService(request, resolveListener);
@@ -1335,16 +1375,19 @@
         // Subtypes are not used for resolution, only for discovery
         assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), optionsCaptor.getValue().getSubtypes());
 
+        doReturn(TEST_TIME_MS + 10L).when(mClock).elapsedRealtime();
         client.stopServiceResolution(resolveListener);
         waitForIdle();
 
         // Verify the listener has been unregistered.
+        final MdnsListener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
         verify(mDiscoveryManager, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .unregisterListener(eq(constructedServiceType), eq(listenerCaptor.getValue()));
+                .unregisterListener(eq(constructedServiceType), eq(listener));
         verify(resolveListener, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onResolutionStopped(argThat(ns ->
                 request.getServiceName().equals(ns.getServiceName())
                         && request.getServiceType().equals(ns.getServiceType())));
         verify(mSocketProvider, timeout(CLEANUP_DELAY_MS + TIMEOUT_MS)).requestStopWhenInactive();
+        verify(mMetrics).reportServiceResolutionStop(listener.mTransactionId, 10L /* durationMs */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1585,6 +1628,20 @@
         lockOrder.verify(mMulticastLock).release();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testNullINsdManagerCallback() {
+        final NsdService service = new NsdService(mContext, mHandler, CLEANUP_DELAY_MS, mDeps) {
+            @Override
+            public INsdServiceConnector connect(INsdManagerCallback baseCb,
+                    boolean runNewMdnsBackend) {
+                // Pass null INsdManagerCallback
+                return super.connect(null /* cb */, runNewMdnsBackend);
+            }
+        };
+
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new NsdManager(mContext, service));
+    }
+
     private void waitForIdle() {
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
index f4d3915..986c389 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTrackerTest.java
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.longThat;
@@ -78,7 +77,6 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
-import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker.AutomaticOnOffKeepalive;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.KeepaliveTracker.KeepaliveInfo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
@@ -96,6 +94,7 @@
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@
     @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
     @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mNai;
     @Mock SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
-
+    @Mock KeepaliveTracker.Dependencies mKeepaliveTrackerDeps;
     KeepaliveStatsTracker mKeepaliveStatsTracker;
     TestKeepaliveTracker mKeepaliveTracker;
     AOOTestHandler mTestHandler;
@@ -267,7 +266,7 @@
 
         TestKeepaliveTracker(@NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final Handler handler,
                 @NonNull final TcpKeepaliveController tcpController) {
-            super(context, handler, tcpController, new Dependencies());
+            super(context, handler, tcpController, mKeepaliveTrackerDeps);
         }
 
         public void setReturnedKeepaliveInfo(@NonNull final KeepaliveInfo ki) {
@@ -336,8 +335,6 @@
                 anyInt() /* pid */, anyInt() /* uid */);
         ConnectivityResources.setResourcesContextForTest(mCtx);
         final Resources mockResources = mock(Resources.class);
-        doReturn(new String[] { "0,3", "3,3" }).when(mockResources)
-                .getStringArray(R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount);
         doReturn(mockResources).when(mCtx).getResources();
         doReturn(mNetd).when(mDependencies).getNetd();
         doReturn(mAlarmManager).when(mDependencies).getAlarmManager(any());
@@ -345,6 +342,10 @@
                 .getFwmarkForNetwork(TEST_NETID);
 
         doNothing().when(mDependencies).sendRequest(any(), any());
+        doReturn(true).when(mKeepaliveTrackerDeps).isAddressTranslationEnabled(mCtx);
+        doReturn(new ConnectivityResources(mCtx)).when(mKeepaliveTrackerDeps)
+                .createConnectivityResources(mCtx);
+        doReturn(new int[] {3, 0, 0, 3}).when(mKeepaliveTrackerDeps).getSupportedKeepalives(mCtx);
 
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("KeepaliveTrackerTest");
         mHandlerThread.start();
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@
                 .when(mDependencies)
                 .newKeepaliveStatsTracker(mCtx, mTestHandler);
 
-        doReturn(true).when(mDependencies).isFeatureEnabled(any(), anyBoolean());
+        doReturn(true).when(mDependencies).isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(any());
         doReturn(0L).when(mDependencies).getElapsedRealtime();
         mAOOKeepaliveTracker =
                 new AutomaticOnOffKeepaliveTracker(mCtx, mTestHandler, mDependencies);
@@ -366,6 +367,10 @@
     @After
     public void teardown() throws Exception {
         TestKeepaliveInfo.closeAllSockets();
+        if (mHandlerThread != null) {
+            mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mHandlerThread.join();
+        }
     }
 
     private final class AOOTestHandler extends Handler {
@@ -659,6 +664,25 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testStartNattKeepalive_addressTranslationOnClatNotSupported() throws Exception {
+        // Disable address translation feature and verify the behavior
+        doReturn(false).when(mKeepaliveTrackerDeps).isAddressTranslationEnabled(mCtx);
+
+        setupTestNaiForClat(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1"),
+                InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2"));
+
+        doStartNattKeepalive();
+        final ArgumentCaptor<NattKeepalivePacketData> kpdCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NattKeepalivePacketData.class);
+        verify(mNai).onStartNattSocketKeepalive(
+                eq(TEST_SLOT), eq(TEST_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL_SEC), kpdCaptor.capture());
+        // Verify that address translation is not triggered so the addresses are still v4.
+        final NattKeepalivePacketData kpd = kpdCaptor.getValue();
+        assertTrue(kpd.getSrcAddress() instanceof Inet4Address);
+        assertTrue(kpd.getDstAddress() instanceof Inet4Address);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testStartNattKeepalive_addressTranslationOnClat() throws Exception {
         final InetAddress v6AddrSrc = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
         final InetAddress v6AddrDst = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::2");
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java
index fa703eb..90a0edd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveStatsTrackerTest.java
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -240,6 +241,14 @@
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mTestHandler, TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
 
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mHandlerThread != null) {
+            mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mHandlerThread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
     private void setElapsedRealtime(long time) {
         doReturn(time).when(mDependencies).getElapsedRealtime();
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index cf02e3a..5bde31a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.intThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeast;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -126,12 +128,14 @@
     private static final int MOCK_APPID1 = 10001;
     private static final int MOCK_APPID2 = 10086;
     private static final int MOCK_APPID3 = 10110;
+    private static final int MOCK_APPID4 = 10111;
     private static final int SYSTEM_APPID1 = 1100;
     private static final int SYSTEM_APPID2 = 1108;
     private static final int VPN_APPID = 10002;
     private static final int MOCK_UID11 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID1);
     private static final int MOCK_UID12 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID2);
     private static final int MOCK_UID13 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID3);
+    private static final int MOCK_UID14 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID4);
     private static final int SYSTEM_APP_UID11 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(SYSTEM_APPID1);
     private static final int VPN_UID = MOCK_USER1.getUid(VPN_APPID);
     private static final int MOCK_UID21 = MOCK_USER2.getUid(MOCK_APPID1);
@@ -211,6 +215,14 @@
         onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
     }
 
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mHandlerThread != null) {
+            mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mHandlerThread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
     private boolean hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(String partition, int targetSdkVersion,
             String packageName, int uid, String... permissions) {
         final PackageInfo packageInfo =
@@ -965,6 +977,66 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testLockdownUidFilteringWithLockdownEnableDisableWithMultiAddAndOverlap() {
+        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                        CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID13),
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID14),
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
+                .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
+        startMonitoring();
+        // MOCK_UID13 is subject to the VPN.
+        final UidRange range1 = new UidRange(MOCK_UID13, MOCK_UID13);
+        final UidRange[] lockdownRange1 = {range1};
+
+        // Add Lockdown uid range at 1st time, expect a rule to be set up
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRange1);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID13, true /* add */);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // MOCK_UID13 and MOCK_UID14 are sequential and subject to the VPN in a separate range.
+        final UidRange range2 = new UidRange(MOCK_UID13, MOCK_UID14);
+        final UidRange[] lockdownRange2 = {range2};
+
+        // Add overlapping multiple-UID range. Rule may be set again, which is functionally
+        // a no-op, so it is fine.
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRange2);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, atLeast(1)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID14, true /* add */);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // Remove the multiple-UID range. UID from first rule should not be removed.
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, lockdownRange2);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(1)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(false) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID14, false /* add */);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // Add the multiple-UID range back again to be able to test removing the first range, too.
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRange2);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, atLeast(1)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID14, true /* add */);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // Remove the single-UID range. The rule for MOCK_UID11 should not change because it is
+        // still covered by the second, multiple-UID range rule.
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, lockdownRange1);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(),  anyBoolean());
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
+
+        // Remove the multiple-UID range. Expect both UID rules to be torn down.
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, lockdownRange2);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(false) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID13, false /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID14, false /* add */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testLockdownUidFilteringWithLockdownEnableDisableWithDuplicates() {
         doReturn(List.of(
                 buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index ad178c0..385f831 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@
 import com.android.server.VpnTestBase;
 import com.android.server.vcn.util.PersistableBundleUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Rule;
@@ -1712,7 +1711,6 @@
                 errorCode);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithRecoverableError() throws Exception {
         final IkeProtocolException exception = mock(IkeProtocolException.class);
@@ -1722,7 +1720,6 @@
                 VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_IKE_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE, errorCode);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithUnknownHostException() throws Exception {
         final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
@@ -1734,7 +1731,6 @@
                 errorCode);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIkeTimeoutException() throws Exception {
         final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
@@ -1756,7 +1752,6 @@
                 VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIOException() throws Exception {
         final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
@@ -2389,7 +2384,6 @@
                 true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v4UDP() throws Exception {
         doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
@@ -2402,7 +2396,6 @@
                 false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v6ESP() throws Exception {
         doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
@@ -2415,7 +2408,6 @@
                 false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v6UDP() throws Exception {
         doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManagerTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManagerTests.java
index 8fb7be1..bb59e0d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManagerTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManagerTests.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
     @Mock private Context mContext;
     @Mock private ConnectivityMonitor.Listener mockListener;
     @Mock private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
+    @Mock private SharedLog sharedLog;
 
     private ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager monitor;
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         doReturn(mConnectivityManager).when(mContext)
                 .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        monitor = new ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager(mContext, mockListener);
+        monitor = new ConnectivityMonitorWithConnectivityManager(mContext, mockListener, sharedLog);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
index 6a0334f..9b38fea 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 import android.net.LinkAddress
 import android.net.Network
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadEngine
+import android.net.nsd.OffloadServiceInfo
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.HandlerThread
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@
 private val TEST_SOCKETKEY_2 = SocketKey(1002 /* interfaceIndex */)
 private val TEST_HOSTNAME = arrayOf("Android_test", "local")
 private const val TEST_SUBTYPE = "_subtype"
+private val TEST_INTERFACE1 = "test_iface1"
+private val TEST_INTERFACE2 = "test_iface2"
 
 private val SERVICE_1 = NsdServiceInfo("TestServiceName", "_advertisertest._tcp").apply {
     port = 12345
@@ -94,6 +98,24 @@
         network = null
     }
 
+private val OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO = OffloadServiceInfo(
+    OffloadServiceInfo.Key("TestServiceName", "_advertisertest._tcp"),
+    listOf(TEST_SUBTYPE),
+    "Android_test.local",
+    null, /* rawOffloadPacket */
+    0, /* priority */
+    OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong()
+)
+
+private val OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO_NO_SUBTYPE = OffloadServiceInfo(
+    OffloadServiceInfo.Key("TestServiceName", "_advertisertest._tcp"),
+    listOf(),
+    "Android_test.local",
+    null, /* rawOffloadPacket */
+    0, /* priority */
+    OffloadEngine.OFFLOAD_TYPE_REPLY.toLong()
+)
+
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
 class MdnsAdvertiserTest {
@@ -123,6 +145,8 @@
         doReturn(true).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).isProbing(anyInt())
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).`when`(mockSocket1).getInterface()
         doReturn(createEmptyNetworkInterface()).`when`(mockSocket2).getInterface()
+        doReturn(TEST_INTERFACE1).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).socketInterfaceName
+        doReturn(TEST_INTERFACE2).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).socketInterfaceName
     }
 
     @After
@@ -160,12 +184,15 @@
         )
 
         doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_1)
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
                 mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1) }
         verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(eq(SERVICE_ID_1), argThat { it.matches(SERVICE_1) })
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO_NO_SUBTYPE))
 
         postSync { socketCb.onInterfaceDestroyed(TEST_SOCKETKEY_1, mockSocket1) }
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).destroyNow()
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket1) }
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO_NO_SUBTYPE))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -195,14 +222,16 @@
                 anyInt(), eq(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE), eq(TEST_SUBTYPE))
 
         doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_1)
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
                 mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1) }
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
 
         // Need both advertisers to finish probing and call onRegisterServiceSucceeded
         verify(cb, never()).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(anyInt(), any())
         doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_1)
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor2.value.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor2.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
                 mockInterfaceAdvertiser2, SERVICE_ID_1) }
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStartOrUpdate(eq(TEST_INTERFACE2), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
         verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(eq(SERVICE_ID_1),
                 argThat { it.matches(ALL_NETWORKS_SERVICE) })
 
@@ -210,6 +239,8 @@
         postSync { advertiser.removeService(SERVICE_ID_1) }
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).removeService(SERVICE_ID_1)
         verify(mockInterfaceAdvertiser2).removeService(SERVICE_ID_1)
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE1), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
+        verify(cb).onOffloadStop(eq(TEST_INTERFACE2), eq(OFFLOAD_SERVICEINFO))
 
         // Interface advertisers call onDestroyed after sending exit announcements
         postSync { intAdvCbCaptor1.value.onDestroyed(mockSocket1) }
@@ -285,12 +316,12 @@
             argThat { it.matches(expectedCaseInsensitiveRenamed) }, eq(null))
 
         doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_1)
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
                 mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_1) }
         verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(eq(SERVICE_ID_1), argThat { it.matches(SERVICE_1) })
 
         doReturn(false).`when`(mockInterfaceAdvertiser1).isProbing(SERVICE_ID_2)
-        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(
+        postSync { intAdvCbCaptor.value.onServiceProbingSucceeded(
                 mockInterfaceAdvertiser1, SERVICE_ID_2) }
         verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(eq(SERVICE_ID_2),
                 argThat { it.matches(expectedRenamed) })
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt
index 7c6cb3e..12faa50 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAnnouncerTest.kt
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.SystemClock
 import com.android.internal.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAnnouncer.AnnouncementInfo
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsAnnouncer.BaseAnnouncementInfo
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsRecordRepository.getReverseDnsAddress
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@
 
     private val thread = HandlerThread(MdnsAnnouncerTest::class.simpleName)
     private val socket = mock(MdnsInterfaceSocket::class.java)
+    private val sharedLog = mock(SharedLog::class.java)
     private val buffer = ByteArray(1500)
 
     @Before
@@ -80,11 +82,11 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testAnnounce() {
-        val replySender = MdnsReplySender("testiface", thread.looper, socket, buffer)
+        val replySender = MdnsReplySender( thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog)
         @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
         val cb = mock(MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback::class.java)
                 as MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback<BaseAnnouncementInfo>
-        val announcer = MdnsAnnouncer("testiface", thread.looper, replySender, cb)
+        val announcer = MdnsAnnouncer(thread.looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog)
         /*
         The expected packet replicates records announced when registering a service, as observed in
         the legacy mDNS implementation (some ordering differs to be more readable).
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
index dd458b8..c19747e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsInterfaceAdvertiserTest.kt
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@
         doReturn(repository).`when`(deps).makeRecordRepository(any(),
             eq(TEST_HOSTNAME)
         )
-        doReturn(replySender).`when`(deps).makeReplySender(anyString(), any(), any(), any())
-        doReturn(announcer).`when`(deps).makeMdnsAnnouncer(anyString(), any(), any(), any())
-        doReturn(prober).`when`(deps).makeMdnsProber(anyString(), any(), any(), any())
+        doReturn(replySender).`when`(deps).makeReplySender(anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any())
+        doReturn(announcer).`when`(deps).makeMdnsAnnouncer(anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any())
+        doReturn(prober).`when`(deps).makeMdnsProber(anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any())
 
         val knownServices = mutableSetOf<Int>()
         doAnswer { inv ->
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@
         advertiser.start()
 
         verify(socket).addPacketHandler(packetHandlerCaptor.capture())
-        verify(deps).makeMdnsProber(any(), any(), any(), probeCbCaptor.capture())
-        verify(deps).makeMdnsAnnouncer(any(), any(), any(), announceCbCaptor.capture())
+        verify(deps).makeMdnsProber(any(), any(), any(), probeCbCaptor.capture(), any())
+        verify(deps).makeMdnsAnnouncer(any(), any(), any(), announceCbCaptor.capture(), any())
     }
 
     @After
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
                 0L /* initialDelayMs */)
 
         thread.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS)
-        verify(cb).onRegisterServiceSucceeded(advertiser, TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        verify(cb).onServiceProbingSucceeded(advertiser, TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
 
         // Remove the service: expect exit announcements
         val testExitInfo = mock(ExitAnnouncementInfo::class.java)
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
         val mockProbingInfo = mock(ProbingInfo::class.java)
         doReturn(mockProbingInfo).`when`(repository).setServiceProbing(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
 
-        advertiser.restartProbingForConflict(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
+        advertiser.maybeRestartProbingForConflict(TEST_SERVICE_ID_1)
 
         verify(prober).restartForConflict(mockProbingInfo)
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
index 29de272..3701b0c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsMultinetworkSocketClientTest.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsSocketClientBase.SocketCreationCallback;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@
     @Mock private MdnsServiceBrowserListener mListener;
     @Mock private MdnsSocketClientBase.Callback mCallback;
     @Mock private SocketCreationCallback mSocketCreationCallback;
+    @Mock private SharedLog mSharedLog;
     private MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient mSocketClient;
     private Handler mHandler;
     private SocketKey mSocketKey;
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@
         thread.start();
         mHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
         mSocketKey = new SocketKey(1000 /* interfaceIndex */);
-        mSocketClient = new MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(thread.getLooper(), mProvider);
+        mSocketClient = new MdnsMultinetworkSocketClient(thread.getLooper(), mProvider, mSharedLog);
         mHandler.post(() -> mSocketClient.setCallback(mCallback));
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt
index 0a8d78d..5ca4dd6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsProberTest.kt
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.Looper
 import com.android.internal.util.HexDump
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog
 import com.android.server.connectivity.mdns.MdnsProber.ProbingInfo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
 class MdnsProberTest {
     private val thread = HandlerThread(MdnsProberTest::class.simpleName)
     private val socket = mock(MdnsInterfaceSocket::class.java)
+    private val sharedLog = mock(SharedLog::class.java)
     @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
     private val cb = mock(MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback::class.java)
         as MdnsPacketRepeater.PacketRepeaterCallback<ProbingInfo>
@@ -82,8 +84,9 @@
     private class TestProber(
         looper: Looper,
         replySender: MdnsReplySender,
-        cb: PacketRepeaterCallback<ProbingInfo>
-    ) : MdnsProber("testiface", looper, replySender, cb) {
+        cb: PacketRepeaterCallback<ProbingInfo>,
+        sharedLog: SharedLog
+    ) : MdnsProber(looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog) {
         override fun getInitialDelay() = 0L
     }
 
@@ -116,8 +119,8 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testProbe() {
-        val replySender = MdnsReplySender("testiface", thread.looper, socket, buffer)
-        val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb)
+        val replySender = MdnsReplySender(thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog)
+        val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog)
         val probeInfo = TestProbeInfo(
                 listOf(makeServiceRecord(TEST_SERVICE_NAME_1, 37890)))
         prober.startProbing(probeInfo)
@@ -140,8 +143,8 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testProbeMultipleRecords() {
-        val replySender = MdnsReplySender("testiface", thread.looper, socket, buffer)
-        val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb)
+        val replySender = MdnsReplySender(thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog)
+        val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog)
         val probeInfo = TestProbeInfo(listOf(
                 makeServiceRecord(TEST_SERVICE_NAME_1, 37890),
                 makeServiceRecord(TEST_SERVICE_NAME_2, 37891),
@@ -178,8 +181,8 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testStopProbing() {
-        val replySender = MdnsReplySender("testiface", thread.looper, socket, buffer)
-        val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb)
+        val replySender = MdnsReplySender(thread.looper, socket, buffer, sharedLog)
+        val prober = TestProber(thread.looper, replySender, cb, sharedLog)
         val probeInfo = TestProbeInfo(
                 listOf(makeServiceRecord(TEST_SERVICE_NAME_1, 37890)),
                 // delayMs is the delay between each probe, so does not apply to the first one
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
index 1fdfe09..fde5abd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsServiceTypeClientTests.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
@@ -645,14 +646,14 @@
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
                 Collections.emptyMap(), TEST_TTL), socketKey);
 
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(any());
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(any());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(any(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(any(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
         // File another identical query
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerTwo, searchOptions);
 
-        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(any());
-        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(any());
+        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(any(), eq(true) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(any(), eq(true) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
         // This time no query is submitted, only scheduled
         assertNull(currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearSubmittedRunnable());
@@ -686,7 +687,8 @@
                 "service-instance-1", null /* host */, 0 /* port */,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
                 Collections.emptyMap(), TEST_TTL), socketKey);
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(0),
                 "service-instance-1",
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -697,7 +699,7 @@
                 Collections.emptyMap(),
                 socketKey);
 
-        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(any(MdnsServiceInfo.class));
+        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(any(MdnsServiceInfo.class), anyBoolean());
         verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceUpdated(any(MdnsServiceInfo.class));
     }
 
@@ -718,7 +720,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered was called once for the initial response.
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(0),
                 "service-instance-1",
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -730,7 +733,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify onServiceFound was called once for the initial response.
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         MdnsServiceInfo initialServiceInfo = serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(1);
         assertEquals(initialServiceInfo.getServiceInstanceName(), "service-instance-1");
         assertEquals(initialServiceInfo.getIpv4Address(), ipV4Address);
@@ -770,7 +774,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered was called once for the initial response.
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(0),
                 "service-instance-1",
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -782,7 +787,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify onServiceFound was called once for the initial response.
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         MdnsServiceInfo initialServiceInfo = serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(1);
         assertEquals(initialServiceInfo.getServiceInstanceName(), "service-instance-1");
         assertEquals(initialServiceInfo.getIpv6Address(), ipV6Address);
@@ -867,7 +873,8 @@
         startSendAndReceive(mockListenerOne, MdnsSearchOptions.getDefaultOptions());
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered was called once for the existing response.
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(true) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(0),
                 "service-instance-1",
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -879,7 +886,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify onServiceFound was called once for the existing response.
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(true) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         MdnsServiceInfo existingServiceInfo = serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(1);
         assertEquals(existingServiceInfo.getServiceInstanceName(), "service-instance-1");
         assertEquals(existingServiceInfo.getIpv4Address(), "192.168.1.1");
@@ -897,8 +905,9 @@
 
         // Verify onServiceFound was not called on the newly registered listener after the existing
         // response is gone.
-        verify(mockListenerTwo, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(any(MdnsServiceInfo.class));
-        verify(mockListenerTwo, never()).onServiceFound(any(MdnsServiceInfo.class));
+        verify(mockListenerTwo, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                any(MdnsServiceInfo.class), eq(false));
+        verify(mockListenerTwo, never()).onServiceFound(any(MdnsServiceInfo.class), anyBoolean());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1044,7 +1053,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify onServiceNameDiscovered was first called for the initial response.
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(0),
                 serviceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -1056,7 +1066,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify onServiceFound was second called for the second response.
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(1),
                 serviceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -1183,10 +1194,11 @@
                 Collections.emptyList() /* authorityRecords */,
                 Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
 
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(any());
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(any(), anyBoolean());
         processResponse(addressResponse, socketKey);
 
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getValue(),
                 instanceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -1253,8 +1265,10 @@
                 Collections.emptyList() /* additionalRecords */);
         processResponse(srvTxtResponse, socketKey);
         dispatchMessage();
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(any());
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(any());
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                any(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                any(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
         // Expect no query on the next run
         currentThreadExecutor.getAndClearLastScheduledRunnable().run();
@@ -1355,24 +1369,29 @@
 
         // mockListenerOne gets notified for the requested instance
         verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
-                matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance));
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance));
+                matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
         // ...but does not get any callback for the other instance
-        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
-        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
+        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), anyBoolean());
+        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), anyBoolean());
         verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceUpdated(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
         verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
 
         // mockListenerTwo gets notified for both though
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerTwo);
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
-                matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance));
+                matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(
-                matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance));
+                matchServiceName(capitalizedRequestInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceUpdated(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
     }
@@ -1439,22 +1458,30 @@
         final ArgumentMatcher<MdnsServiceInfo> subtypeInstanceMatcher = info ->
                 info.getServiceInstanceName().equals(matchingInstance)
                         && info.getSubtypes().equals(Collections.singletonList(subtype));
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher));
-        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher));
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
         // ...but does not get any callback for the other instance
-        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
-        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
+        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), anyBoolean());
+        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), anyBoolean());
         verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceUpdated(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
         verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
 
         // mockListenerTwo gets notified for both though
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockListenerTwo);
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher));
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher));
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(
+                argThat(subtypeInstanceMatcher), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
 
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceUpdated(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
         inOrder.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
     }
@@ -1508,24 +1535,30 @@
         // mockListenerOne gets notified for the requested instance
         final InOrder inOrder1 = inOrder(mockListenerOne);
         inOrder1.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
-                matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
-        inOrder1.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
+                matchServiceName(requestedInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        inOrder1.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(requestedInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         inOrder1.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
         inOrder1.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameRemoved(matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
-        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
-        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
+        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), anyBoolean());
+        verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), anyBoolean());
         verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
         verify(mockListenerOne, never()).onServiceNameRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
 
         // mockListenerTwo gets notified for both though
         final InOrder inOrder2 = inOrder(mockListenerTwo);
         inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
-                matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
-        inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
+                matchServiceName(requestedInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(requestedInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
         inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameRemoved(matchServiceName(requestedInstance));
-        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
-        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
+        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
+        verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(
+                matchServiceName(otherInstance), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
         verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameRemoved(matchServiceName(otherInstance));
     }
@@ -1547,7 +1580,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify that onServiceNameDiscovered is called.
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(0),
                 serviceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -1559,7 +1593,8 @@
                 socketKey);
 
         // Verify that onServiceFound is called.
-        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder.verify(mockListenerOne).onServiceFound(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(false) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(1),
                 serviceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -1581,7 +1616,8 @@
 
         // The services are cached in MdnsServiceCache, verify that onServiceNameDiscovered is
         // called immediately.
-        inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceNameDiscovered(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(true) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(2),
                 serviceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
@@ -1594,7 +1630,8 @@
 
         // The services are cached in MdnsServiceCache, verify that onServiceFound is
         // called immediately.
-        inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(serviceInfoCaptor.capture());
+        inOrder2.verify(mockListenerTwo).onServiceFound(
+                serviceInfoCaptor.capture(), eq(true) /* isServiceFromCache */);
         verifyServiceInfo(serviceInfoCaptor.getAllValues().get(3),
                 serviceName,
                 SERVICE_TYPE_LABELS,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
index 69efc61..74f1c37 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketClientTests.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@
     @Mock private MdnsSocket mockUnicastSocket;
     @Mock private MulticastLock mockMulticastLock;
     @Mock private MdnsSocketClient.Callback mockCallback;
+    @Mock private SharedLog sharedLog;
 
     private MdnsSocketClient mdnsClient;
 
@@ -84,9 +86,9 @@
         when(mockWifiManager.createMulticastLock(ArgumentMatchers.anyString()))
                 .thenReturn(mockMulticastLock);
 
-        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock) {
+        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog) {
                     @Override
-                    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port) throws IOException {
+                    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) throws IOException {
                         if (port == MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT) {
                             return mockMulticastSocket;
                         }
@@ -513,9 +515,9 @@
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.allowNetworkInterfaceIndexPropagation.override(true);
 
         when(mockMulticastSocket.getInterfaceIndex()).thenReturn(21);
-        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock) {
+        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog) {
                     @Override
-                    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port) {
+                    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) {
                         if (port == MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT) {
                             return mockMulticastSocket;
                         }
@@ -536,9 +538,9 @@
         //MdnsConfigsFlagsImpl.allowNetworkInterfaceIndexPropagation.override(false);
 
         when(mockMulticastSocket.getInterfaceIndex()).thenReturn(21);
-        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock) {
+        mdnsClient = new MdnsSocketClient(mContext, mockMulticastLock, sharedLog) {
                     @Override
-                    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port) {
+                    MdnsSocket createMdnsSocket(int port, SharedLog sharedLog) {
                         if (port == MdnsConstants.MDNS_PORT) {
                             return mockMulticastSocket;
                         }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java
index e971de7..1cc9985 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProviderTest.java
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@
     @Mock private NetworkInterfaceWrapper mLocalOnlyIfaceWrapper;
     @Mock private NetworkInterfaceWrapper mTetheredIfaceWrapper;
     @Mock private SocketRequestMonitor mSocketRequestMonitor;
+    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     private Handler mHandler;
     private MdnsSocketProvider mSocketProvider;
     private NetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;
@@ -152,14 +154,14 @@
                 .getNetworkInterfaceByName(WIFI_P2P_IFACE_NAME);
         doReturn(mTetheredIfaceWrapper).when(mDeps).getNetworkInterfaceByName(TETHERED_IFACE_NAME);
         doReturn(mock(MdnsInterfaceSocket.class))
-                .when(mDeps).createMdnsInterfaceSocket(any(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+                .when(mDeps).createMdnsInterfaceSocket(any(), anyInt(), any(), any(), any());
         doReturn(TETHERED_IFACE_IDX).when(mDeps).getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(
-                TETHERED_IFACE_NAME);
+                eq(TETHERED_IFACE_NAME), any());
         doReturn(789).when(mDeps).getNetworkInterfaceIndexByName(
-                WIFI_P2P_IFACE_NAME);
-        final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("MdnsSocketProviderTest");
-        thread.start();
-        mHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
+                eq(WIFI_P2P_IFACE_NAME), any());
+        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("MdnsSocketProviderTest");
+        mHandlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
 
         doReturn(mTestSocketNetLinkMonitor).when(mDeps).createSocketNetlinkMonitor(any(), any(),
                 any());
@@ -170,10 +172,18 @@
             return mTestSocketNetLinkMonitor;
         }).when(mDeps).createSocketNetlinkMonitor(any(), any(),
                 any());
-        mSocketProvider = new MdnsSocketProvider(mContext, thread.getLooper(), mDeps, mLog,
+        mSocketProvider = new MdnsSocketProvider(mContext, mHandlerThread.getLooper(), mDeps, mLog,
                 mSocketRequestMonitor);
     }
 
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mHandlerThread != null) {
+            mHandlerThread.quitSafely();
+            mHandlerThread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
     private void runOnHandler(Runnable r) {
         mHandler.post(r);
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketTests.java
index 73dbd38..5809684 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketTests.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
     @Mock private NetworkInterfaceWrapper mockNetworkInterfaceWrapper;
     @Mock private MulticastSocket mockMulticastSocket;
     @Mock private MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider;
+    @Mock private SharedLog sharedLog;
     private SocketAddress socketIPv4Address;
     private SocketAddress socketIPv6Address;
 
@@ -75,7 +77,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void mdnsSocket_basicFunctionality() throws IOException {
-        mdnsSocket = new MdnsSocket(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider, mockMulticastSocket);
+        mdnsSocket = new MdnsSocket(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider, mockMulticastSocket,
+                sharedLog);
         mdnsSocket.send(datagramPacket);
         verify(mockMulticastSocket).setNetworkInterface(networkInterface);
         verify(mockMulticastSocket).send(datagramPacket);
@@ -101,7 +104,8 @@
         when(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.getMulticastNetworkInterfaces())
                 .thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(mockNetworkInterfaceWrapper));
 
-        mdnsSocket = new MdnsSocket(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider, mockMulticastSocket);
+        mdnsSocket = new MdnsSocket(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider, mockMulticastSocket,
+                sharedLog);
 
         when(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.isOnIpV6OnlyNetwork(
                 Collections.singletonList(mockNetworkInterfaceWrapper)))
@@ -125,7 +129,8 @@
         when(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.getMulticastNetworkInterfaces())
                 .thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(mockNetworkInterfaceWrapper));
 
-        mdnsSocket = new MdnsSocket(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider, mockMulticastSocket);
+        mdnsSocket = new MdnsSocket(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider, mockMulticastSocket,
+                sharedLog);
 
         when(mockMulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider.isOnIpV6OnlyNetwork(
                 Collections.singletonList(mockNetworkInterfaceWrapper)))
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProviderTests.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProviderTests.java
index 2268dfe..af233c9 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProviderTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MulticastNetworkInterfaceProviderTests.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -65,6 +66,8 @@
     @Mock private NetworkInterfaceWrapper multicastInterfaceOne;
     @Mock private NetworkInterfaceWrapper multicastInterfaceTwo;
 
+    @Mock private SharedLog sharedLog;
+
     private final List<NetworkInterfaceWrapper> networkInterfaces = new ArrayList<>();
     private MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider provider;
     private Context context;
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@
                 false /* isIpv6 */);
 
         provider =
-                new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context) {
+                new MulticastNetworkInterfaceProvider(context, sharedLog) {
                     @Override
                     List<NetworkInterfaceWrapper> getNetworkInterfaces() {
                         return networkInterfaces;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 6292d45..9453617 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
@@ -240,7 +239,9 @@
     private @Mock INetd mNetd;
     private @Mock TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
     private @Mock NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
-    private @Mock NetworkStatsSettings mSettings;
+    @NonNull
+    private final TestNetworkStatsSettings mSettings =
+            new TestNetworkStatsSettings(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
     private @Mock IBinder mUsageCallbackBinder;
     private TestableUsageCallback mUsageCallback;
     private @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
@@ -533,7 +534,6 @@
         mStatsDir = null;
 
         mNetd = null;
-        mSettings = null;
 
         mSession.close();
         mService = null;
@@ -1765,7 +1765,7 @@
     }
 
     private void setCombineSubtypeEnabled(boolean enable) {
-        doReturn(enable).when(mSettings).getCombineSubtypeEnabled();
+        mSettings.setCombineSubtypeEnabled(enable);
         mHandler.post(() -> mContentObserver.onChange(false, Settings.Global
                     .getUriFor(Settings.Global.NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED)));
         waitForIdle();
@@ -2289,21 +2289,80 @@
         mockSettings(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
     }
 
-    private void mockSettings(long bucketDuration, long deleteAge) throws Exception {
-        doReturn(HOUR_IN_MILLIS).when(mSettings).getPollInterval();
-        doReturn(0L).when(mSettings).getPollDelay();
-        doReturn(true).when(mSettings).getSampleEnabled();
-        doReturn(false).when(mSettings).getCombineSubtypeEnabled();
+    private void mockSettings(long bucketDuration, long deleteAge) {
+        mSettings.setConfig(new Config(bucketDuration, deleteAge, deleteAge));
+    }
 
-        final Config config = new Config(bucketDuration, deleteAge, deleteAge);
-        doReturn(config).when(mSettings).getXtConfig();
-        doReturn(config).when(mSettings).getUidConfig();
-        doReturn(config).when(mSettings).getUidTagConfig();
+    // Note that this object will be accessed from test main thread and service handler thread.
+    // Thus, it has to be thread safe in order to prevent from flakiness.
+    private static class TestNetworkStatsSettings
+            extends NetworkStatsService.DefaultNetworkStatsSettings {
 
-        doReturn(MB_IN_BYTES).when(mSettings).getGlobalAlertBytes(anyLong());
-        doReturn(MB_IN_BYTES).when(mSettings).getXtPersistBytes(anyLong());
-        doReturn(MB_IN_BYTES).when(mSettings).getUidPersistBytes(anyLong());
-        doReturn(MB_IN_BYTES).when(mSettings).getUidTagPersistBytes(anyLong());
+        @NonNull
+        private volatile Config mConfig;
+        private final AtomicBoolean mCombineSubtypeEnabled = new AtomicBoolean();
+
+        TestNetworkStatsSettings(long bucketDuration, long deleteAge) {
+            mConfig = new Config(bucketDuration, deleteAge, deleteAge);
+        }
+
+        void setConfig(@NonNull Config config) {
+            mConfig = config;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long getPollDelay() {
+            return 0L;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long getGlobalAlertBytes(long def) {
+            return MB_IN_BYTES;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Config getXtConfig() {
+            return mConfig;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Config getUidConfig() {
+            return mConfig;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Config getUidTagConfig() {
+            return mConfig;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long getXtPersistBytes(long def) {
+            return MB_IN_BYTES;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long getUidPersistBytes(long def) {
+            return MB_IN_BYTES;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long getUidTagPersistBytes(long def) {
+            return MB_IN_BYTES;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean getCombineSubtypeEnabled() {
+            return mCombineSubtypeEnabled.get();
+        }
+
+        public void setCombineSubtypeEnabled(boolean enable) {
+            mCombineSubtypeEnabled.set(enable);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean getAugmentEnabled() {
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     private void assertStatsFilesExist(boolean exist) {